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Variation of Parameters PDF

This document provides solutions to homework problems involving second order linear differential equations. Problem 3 asks students to solve the equation 2x'' – 2x' – 4x = 2e^3t using the standard form x'' – x' – 2x = e^3t. The solution is x = e^2t - e^-t + e^3t. Problem 15 asks students to solve the nonhomogeneous equation y'' + y = 3 sec t – t^2 + 1. The solution is y = c1cos t + c2sin t + 3ln|cos t|cos t + 3t sin t – t^2 + 3. Problem 16 provides two

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713 views

Variation of Parameters PDF

This document provides solutions to homework problems involving second order linear differential equations. Problem 3 asks students to solve the equation 2x'' – 2x' – 4x = 2e^3t using the standard form x'' – x' – 2x = e^3t. The solution is x = e^2t - e^-t + e^3t. Problem 15 asks students to solve the nonhomogeneous equation y'' + y = 3 sec t – t^2 + 1. The solution is y = c1cos t + c2sin t + 3ln|cos t|cos t + 3t sin t – t^2 + 3. Problem 16 provides two

Uploaded by

hayati
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Math 432 HW 4.

6 Solutions
Assigned: 1, 3, 7, 10, 15, and 16

Selected for grading: 3, 15, 16

Solutions:
1. Given: y'' + 4y = tan 2t.
r2 + 4 = 0
r = 2i
y1 = cos 2t, y2 = sin 2t

So a particular solution is given by


yp = v1y1 + v2y2 =
=
Solution: y = c1 cos 2t + c2 sin 2t 0.25cos 2t ln | sec 2t + tan 2t |.

3. Given: 2x'' 2x' 4x = 2e 3t.


*** You have to use the standard form: x'' x' 2x = e 3t. ***
r2 r 2 = 0
(r 2)(r + 1) = 0
r = 2, 1
x1 = e 2t, and x2 = e t

So a particular solution to the nonhomogeneous equation is = .


Solution: .

Remark: We could have used the method of undetermined coefficients to do this one, but the directions
said to use variation of parameters. Doing this with the old method and comparing the results might be an
interesting exercise.
7. Given: y''() + 16y() = sec 4.
r 2 + 16 = 0
r = 4i
y1 = cos 4, and y2 = sin 4

Solution:

10. Given: y'' + 4y' + 4y = e 2t ln t.


r 2 + 2r + 4 = 0
(r + 2)2 = 0
y1 = e 2t, y2 = te 2t

Solution: .
15. Given: y'' + y = 3 sec t t 2 + 1.
r2 + 1 = 0
r = i
y1 = cos t and y2 = sin t

I'll break the process of finding a particular solution into two parts:
(1) finding a particular solution for y'' + y = t 2 + 1, and
(2) finding a particular solution for y'' + y = 3 sec t.
Let yp1 = At 2 + Bt + C.
yp1' = 2At + B
yp1'' = 2A
yp1'' + yp1 = 2A + At 2 + Bt + C = At 2 + Bt + (2A + C) = t 2 + 1.
So A = 1, B = 0, and 2A + C = 1 (from which we get C = 3).
So the first particular solution is yp1 = t 2 + 3.

yp2 = 3 ln | cos t |cos t + 3t sin t

So a particular solution to the nonhomogeneous equation is yp = 3 ln | cos t |cos t + 3t sin t t 2 + 3.

Solution: y = c1 cos t + c2 sin t + 3 ln | cos t |cos t + 3t sin t t 2 + 3.


16. Given: y'' + 5y' + 6y = 18t 2.
r 2 + 5r + 6 = 0
(r + 2)(r + 3) = 0
r = 2, 3
y1 = e 2t, and y2 = e 3t

You could use either undetermined coefficients or variation of parameters to get this one. I'll do both.

Using undetermined coefficients.


yp = At 2 + Bt + C
yp' = 2At + B
yp'' = 2A

yp'' + 5yp' + 6yp = 6At 2 + (10A + 6B)t + (2A + 5B + 6C) = 18t 2


6A = 18 (so A = 3)
10A + 6B = 0 (so B = 5)
2A + 5B + 6C = 0 (so C = 19/6)

Solution: y = c1e 2t + c2e 3t + 3t 2 5t + 19/6.

Using variation of parameters.

= (9 6)t 2 + (9 + 4)t + (9/2 4/3)

= 3t 2 5t + 19/6

So we get the same particular solution, and hence the same general solution.

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