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Preliminary Report G2

The document reports on an experiment using portable ultrasonic non-destructive testing to investigate cracks in a concrete slab at the School of Housing, Building and Planning. The experiment measured the propagation speed of ultrasonic pulses through the concrete slab at different distances from known cracks. Measurements were taken at 100mm and 200mm from the cracks. The crack depths were then calculated using a formula that takes the pulse velocities and distances. Several cracks were found and their depths were able to be determined non-destructively using this testing method. The results provide information on the quality of the concrete and location of cracks without damaging the structure.

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63 views

Preliminary Report G2

The document reports on an experiment using portable ultrasonic non-destructive testing to investigate cracks in a concrete slab at the School of Housing, Building and Planning. The experiment measured the propagation speed of ultrasonic pulses through the concrete slab at different distances from known cracks. Measurements were taken at 100mm and 200mm from the cracks. The crack depths were then calculated using a formula that takes the pulse velocities and distances. Several cracks were found and their depths were able to be determined non-destructively using this testing method. The results provide information on the quality of the concrete and location of cracks without damaging the structure.

Uploaded by

kian hong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 6

BUILDING TECNOLOGY STUDIO I

RES 201
Preliminary Report

Name IC No. Matric No.


LIEW KIAN HONG 961129-08-5213 132648
AHMAD AKMAL BIN
960712-06-5389 140034
MOHAMAD
NUR AANAA FARHANA
961216-14-5560 132690
BINTI ZURIN HAMIDI

Supervisor:
Ir. Dr. Mohd Zaid bin Hj. Yusof

1
INTRODUCTION
PUNDIT (Portable Ultrasonic Non-Destructive Digital Indicating Tester) is one of the Non
Destructive Testing techniques, which is developed to identify cracks that are potentially
dangerous. Practically, it is used to measure the propagation speed of a pulse of ultrasonic
longitudinal stress waves, which then evaluate the concretes properties (whether it is easily
cracked or else). The ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) that is determined from the test can be
used for the following applications:
- Evaluating the uniformity of concrete within a structural member
- Locating internal voids and cracks
- Estimating severity of deterioration
- Estimating depth of fire damaged concrete
- Evaluating effectiveness of crack repairs Identifying anomalous regions for invasive
sampling with drilled cores
- Estimating early-age strength (with correlation)

UPV to monitor the quality of the concrete during construction. Ultrasonic pulse velocity is
an ideal tool and suitable for establishing whether concrete is uniform.
It can be used on both existing structures and those under construction.
High pulse velocity readings are generally deemed as indicating a good quality concrete.

Longitudinal Pulse (km/s) Concrete Quality


>4.5 Excellent
3.5-4.5 Good
3.0-3.5 Doubtful
<3.0 Poor

With this ultrasonic test on concrete, following can be assessed:


1. Qualitative assessment of strength of concrete, its gradation in different locations of structural
members and plotting the same.
2. Any discontinuity in cross section like cracks, cover concrete delamination etc.
3. Depth of surface cracks.

The location that we choose is the rooftop of School of Housing, Building and
Planning (E08). The core reason that we choose this site is that it is seldom visited by the
students of HBP. Plus, it is immensely exposed to rain and ultraviolet rays all year long,
therein lays the potential of cracking of the infrastructure located at the rooftop.
Portable Ultrasonic Non-destructive Digital Indicate Test (PUNDIT) is carried out for the
purpose of measuring the propagation of a pulse of ultrasonic longitudinal stress waves.
The ultrasonic pulse velocity could be applied on determining the quality and strength of
concrete. The type of element that we choose to investigate is the slab of the building.

2
EXPERIMENT REPORT
Date: 29/9/2017
Nature of Test: Portable Ultrasonic Non-Destructive Indicate Test (PUNDIT)
Purpose: To investigate cracks and voids in concrete slab
Location: Rooftop of the main building of School of Housing, Building an Planning (E08)

Apparatus and Materials:

PUNDIT Test Monitor

Transducer

Grease oil

3
Our Site

Figure 1: The view of rooftop at E08 Building of School Housing, Building and Planning.

Figure 2: Slab Cracks

Figure 3: The Slab Cracks

4
Procedure:
1. Area of the testing for the cracking of the concrete slab is opted.
2. The area concerned is marked and measured using a marker pen.
3. A smear of grease oil is applied on surfaces of transducer before placing the two ends
of the reference bar. The reference bar is used to recalibrate the PUNDIT Test
Monitor.
4. The path length, b is set as 100mm. The transducer is then placed hard onto the
concrete surface until a consistent reading is displayed on the PUNDIT Test Monitor.
5. The time taken for the wave travel, is measured and shown on the Pundit Test
Monitor. The reading is recorded.
6. The steps 2 to 5 are repeated by doubling up the path length, 2b (200mm).
7. The time taken for the wave travel, t2 is recorded.
8. Length of the crack depth is then shown on the PUNDIT Test Monitor, and is
recorded.
9. The readings are tabulated.

Figure 1 shows the placement of the transducers for PUNDIT test

Precaution:
1) Surface of the test location must be clean, smooth and dry.
2) There is no impurities on the surface of the specimen.
3) The instrument must be calibrated.
4) To minimise the error of measuring, transmitter and receiver must tightly in contact
with surface of concrete when taking the measurement.
5) The surface area of concrete should be smooth and grease should be applied on the
surface of transmitter and receiver.
6) The transducers is placed collinearly, in a path length which is perpendicular to the
line of the cracks. This is to ensure the accuracy of the readings to be taken.

5
Results

Calculation:

According to the British Standard Method, the velocity of two successive Ultrasonic Pulse
Velocity, where transducers in the first reading are placed in half the distance used in the second
one, was equalized. For both reading, the transmitter ans the oscillator were placed equally
from the crack. Hence, the formula for calculating the cracking depth has been derived as,

4t12 - t22
C=b
t2 2 - t1 2

Where, C is the crack depth


b is the distance between the edge of any transducers and the crack center
t1 is the time taken for the longitudinal wave travel with 100 mm from the crack centre
t2 is the time taken for the longitudinal wave travel with 200 mm from the crack centre

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