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Hjgnjmjklj7676: Basic C++ Program

This document provides examples and explanations of basic C++ programming concepts like data types, variables, input/output, operators, conditional execution, loops, functions, parameters, scope, arrays, and functions that take arrays as parameters. It includes code samples to demonstrate each concept and questions about the examples that test the reader's understanding.

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80 views

Hjgnjmjklj7676: Basic C++ Program

This document provides examples and explanations of basic C++ programming concepts like data types, variables, input/output, operators, conditional execution, loops, functions, parameters, scope, arrays, and functions that take arrays as parameters. It includes code samples to demonstrate each concept and questions about the examples that test the reader's understanding.

Uploaded by

veganeew
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Hjgnjmjklj7676

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Simple Examples
Basic C++ Program
// Author: Bert G. Wachsmuth
// Version: Oct. 2000
#include <iostream.h>

int main(void)
{
cout << Hello, this is my first C++ program << endl;
return 0;
}

Data Types and Variable names


// Author: Bert G. Wachsmuth
// Version: Oct. 2000
#include <iostream.h>

int main(void)
{
double x = 3.5;
int i = 10;
char c = B;
// the following three lines works fine:
x = x + 2*x; // x has the new value 10.5
double y = x + i; // y has the value 13.5
double z = 12345610E32; // z has large range
// the following two lines is not okay:
int j = x + i; // can not store double as an int
int k = 1234567890123456790; // range of k is not large enough
return 0;
}

Input/Output
#include <iostream.h>

int main(void)
{
double x = 0.0; // its good practice to initialize all
variables by assigning a value
cout << Please enter a number: ;
cin >> x;
cout << You entered << x << , whose square is << x*x << endl;
return 0;
}
Basic Operations
int x = 10;
int y = 20;
int z = (x + y) * (x - y) / (2 * y) % y; // has value 2

Computational Shortcuts
int x = 10;
x++; // x has value 11
x -= 10; // x has value 1;
x *= 5; // x has value 5;

Logical Operators and Tests and Conditional Execution


Assuming i is some integer, what is the difference between:

if ( (i % 2) == 0)
cout << i is an even number << endl;
cout << i is an odd number << endl;

if ( (i % 2) == 0)
cout << i is an even number << endl;
else
cout << i is an odd number << endl;

if (i < 0)
cout << i is negative << endl;
else if ( (i % 2) == 0)
cout << i is even and not negative << endl;
else if ( (i % 2) == 1)
cout << i is odd and not negative << endl;
else
cout << You have found a new type of integer << endl;

What is the output of:

double x = 3;
double y = 10;
if ( ((x % 2) == 0) && !(y < x))
cout << This << endl;
else
cout << That << endl;

Which of the following tests could crash? Why or why not?

if ( (x != 0) && (1/x > 2))


cout << Reciprocal of x is bigger than 2 << endl;
if ( (x > 0) || (sqrt(x) < 9))
cout << x is between 0 and 3 << endl;

Loops
How often do the following loops execute:

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i+=3)


cout << How often: << i << endl;

int i = 0;
while (i < 10)
{ cout << i << endl;
i += 4;
}

What is the final value of sum:

int sum = 0;
for (int i = 1; i < 5; i++)
sum += i;

What are the three ingredients for every loop?

Functions
How do you use each of the functions defined below:

void fun1(void)
{ /* does something */ }
void fun2(int i)
{ /* does something */ }
double fun3(int i, double x)
{ /* does something */ }

Define a function that computes the area of a rectangle. It should not contain any cin or cout statements.

Define a function that asks the user to enter a double number and returns that number.

Reference and Value Parameters


What is the value of x and y at the end of the main function:

void f1(double x, double y)


{ x = y;
y = 2;
}
void f2(double& x, double y)
{ x = -1;
y = -2;
}
int main(void)
{ double x = 10;
double y = 10;
f1(x, y);
f2(y, x);
cout << x = << x << , y = << y << endl;
return 0;
}

If f1 and f2 are defined as above, which of the following calls are invalid:

f1(10, 20);
f2(30, 40);
double x = 10;
f1(x, x);
f2(x, x);
f2(10, x);
f2(x, 10);

Scope and Scope Rules


Which lines in the following code are invalid, and whats the output if you were to ignore those errors:
#include <iostream.h>

double x = 10;

void f1(double y)
{ x = 20;
y = 30;
}
void f2(double x)
{ x = 40;
y =50;
}
void f3(double& z)
{ z = 60;
x = 70;
}
int main(void)
{ double y = 2;
f1(x+y);
f2(y);
f3(x - y);
f3(x);
cout << x = << x << , y = << y << endl;
return 0;
}

Global Variables and Global Constants


#include <iostream.h>

const double PI = 3.1415;

double surface(double radius)


{ return 2*PI*radius;
}
double area(double radius)
{ return PI*radius*radius;
}

Arrays
1. Define an array A of 10 doubles.
2. Define an array A of 10 doubles and set all of them to 1.0;
3. Assume A is an array of N integers. Find the sum of the first and last entries and assign it to the
third element.
4. Write some code segment that prints out an array of doubles of size N
5. Write some code segment that multiplies each element of an array by 2, storing it back in the
array.

Arrays as Input Parameters


1. Write a function that prints out an array of doubles of size N.
2. Write a function that multiplies an array by a number. What are the possible function headers for
such a function?
3. Write a function that finds the sum of two arrays. What are the possible function headers for such
a function?
4. Write a function that adds up all elements in an array. What are the possible function headers for
such a function.
5. Write one function each to find (a) the maximum, (b) the minimum, and (c) the max and min of
elements in an array. What are the possible function headers?
6. Write a function that returns the location of the maximum value in an array. What are the possible
function headers? Use that function in a main method.

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