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MasteringPhysics - Assignment 4 - Motion in 2-D

This document introduces the concept of projectile motion and breaking vectors into components. It explains that projectile motion can be understood by separating the vertical and horizontal components, as the vertical component experiences constant downward acceleration due to gravity, while the horizontal component experiences no acceleration. Several examples are worked through, including calculating the x and y components of an initial velocity vector and determining the time and horizontal velocity needed for projectiles to hit the ground at the same time from different starting positions.

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1K views

MasteringPhysics - Assignment 4 - Motion in 2-D

This document introduces the concept of projectile motion and breaking vectors into components. It explains that projectile motion can be understood by separating the vertical and horizontal components, as the vertical component experiences constant downward acceleration due to gravity, while the horizontal component experiences no acceleration. Several examples are worked through, including calculating the x and y components of an initial velocity vector and determining the time and horizontal velocity needed for projectiles to hit the ground at the same time from different starting positions.

Uploaded by

Strange Sht
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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10/4/2017 MasteringPhysics: Assignment 2: Motion in 2-D

IntroductiontoProjectileMotion

LearningGoal:
Tounderstandthebasicconceptsofprojectilemotion.

Projectilemotionmayseemrathercomplexatfirst.However,bybreakingitdownintocomponents,youwillfindthatitisreallyno
differentthantheonedimensionalmotionsthatyouhavealreadystudied.

Oneofthemostoftenusedtechniquesinphysicsistodividetwoandthreedimensionalquantitiesintocomponents.For
instance,inprojectilemotion,aparticlehassomeinitialvelocityv .Ingeneral,thisvelocitycanpointinanydirectiononthexy

planeandcanhaveanymagnitude.Tomakeaproblemmoremanageable,itiscommontobreakupsuchaquantityintoitsx
component(v x )anditsycomponent(v y ).

Consideraparticlewithinitialvelocityv thathasmagnitude12.0
m/sandisdirected60.0degreesabovethenegativexaxis.

PartA
Whatisthexcomponentv x ofv ?

Expressyouranswerinmeterspersecond.
ANSWER:

vx = 6.00 m/s

AnswerRequested

PartB
Whatistheycomponentv y ofv ?

Expressyouranswerinmeterspersecond.
ANSWER:

vy = 10.4 m/s

Correct

Breakingupthevelocitiesintocomponentsisparticularlyusefulwhenthecomponentsdonotaffecteachother.Eventually,you
willlearnaboutsituationsinwhichthecomponentsofvelocitydoaffectoneanother,butfornowyouwillonlybelookingat
problemswheretheydonot.So,ifthereisaccelerationinthexdirectionbutnotintheydirection,thenthexcomponentofthe
velocitywillchange,buttheycomponentofthevelocitywillnot.

PartC
Clickontheimagebelowtolaunchthevideo:ProjectileMotion.Onceyouhavewatchedtheentirevideo,answerthegraded
followupquestions.Youcanwatchthevideoagainatanypoint.

https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/itemView?view=print&assignmentProblemID=83957175 1/4
10/4/2017 MasteringPhysics: Assignment 2: Motion in 2-D

Themotiondiagramforaprojectileisdisplayed,asarethemotiondiagramsforeachcomponent.Thexcomponentmotion
diagramiswhatyouwouldgetifyoushoneaspotlightdownontheparticleasitmovedandrecordedthemotionofits
shadow.Similarly,ifyoushoneaspotlighttotheleftandrecordedtheparticle'sshadow,youwouldgetthemotiondiagram
foritsycomponent.Howwouldyoudescribethetwomotiondiagramsforthecomponents?
ANSWER:

Boththeverticalandhorizontalcomponentsexhibitmotionwithconstantnonzeroacceleration.

Theverticalcomponentexhibitsmotionwithconstantnonzeroacceleration,whereasthehorizontalcomponent
exhibitsconstantvelocitymotion.

Theverticalcomponentexhibitsconstantvelocitymotion,whereasthehorizontalcomponentexhibitsmotionwith
constantnonzeroacceleration.

Boththeverticalandhorizontalcomponentsexhibitmotionwithconstantvelocity.

Correct
Asyoucansee,thetwocomponentsofthemotionobeytheirownindependentkinematiclaws.Forthevertical
component,thereisanaccelerationdownwardwithmagnitudeg = 10 m/s2 .Thus,youcancalculatethevertical
positionoftheparticleatanytimeusingthestandardkinematicequationy = y0 + v 0 t + (1/2)at2 .Similarly,thereis
noaccelerationinthehorizontaldirection,sothehorizontalpositionoftheparticleisgivenbythestandardkinematic
equationx = x0 + v 0 t.

Now,consideravariationonthisprobleminwhichtwoballsaresimultaneouslydroppedfromaheightof5.0m.Clickonthe
imagebelowtolaunchthesecondvideo:ProjectileMotion.Onceyouhavewatchedtheentirevideo,answerthegradedfollow
upquestions.Youcanwatchthevideoagainatanypoint.

https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/itemView?view=print&assignmentProblemID=83957175 2/4
10/4/2017 MasteringPhysics: Assignment 2: Motion in 2-D

PartD
Howlongtg doesittakefortheballstoreachtheground?Use10m/s2 forthemagnitudeoftheaccelerationdueto
gravity.
Expressyouranswerinsecondstotwosignificantfigures.

Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
Theballsarereleasedfromrestataheightof5.0mattimet = 0 s.Usingthesenumbersandbasickinematics,you
candeterminetheamountoftimeittakesfortheballstoreachtheground.

ANSWER:

tg = 1.0 s

Correct
Thissituation,whichyouhavedealtwithbefore(motionundertheconstantaccelerationofgravity),isactuallyaspecial
caseofprojectilemotion.Thinkofthisasprojectilemotionwherethehorizontalcomponentoftheinitialvelocityiszero.

PartE
Imaginetheballontheleftisgivenanonzeroinitialspeedinthehorizontaldirection,whiletheballontherightcontinuesto
fallwithzeroinitialvelocity.Whathorizontalspeedv x musttheballontheleftstartwithsothatithitsthegroundatthesame
positionastheballontheright?Rememberthatwhenthetwoballsarereleased,theyarestartingatahorizontaldistanceof
3.0mapart.

Expressyouranswerinmeterspersecondtotwosignificantfigures.

Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
RecallfromPartBthatthehorizontalcomponentofvelocitydoesnotchangeduringprojectilemotion.Therefore,you
needtofindthehorizontalcomponentofvelocityv x suchthat,inatimetg = 1.0 s,theballwillmovehorizontally
3.0m.Youcanassumethatitsinitialxcoordinateisx0 = 0.0 m .

ANSWER:

https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/itemView?view=print&assignmentProblemID=83957175 3/4
10/4/2017 MasteringPhysics: Assignment 2: Motion in 2-D

vx = 3.0 m/s

Correct

https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/itemView?view=print&assignmentProblemID=83957175 4/4

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