El FILL IN THE BLANKS

I. !'or a biased die the probabilities R>r the different face:; to turn up are below:

: --'---'''-- 1- ,
1

0
j
. Probability ,,,- _L."" '""'_ _t__'" '"

om
This die is tossed and you are told tbat either face I or face 2 has turned up. Then the pmbability that it i> faLc I ;,
{liT 1981; 2M!
2. A determimmt is chosen at random from !he set of all determinants of order 2 with clements 0 nr I only. The probabtlity that
the value of the dotormimml chosen is positive, is.. {liT 1982; 2M)

.c
3. P (A u B) P (A n B) if and only if tltc relation between P(A) and P(ll) is. (tiT 1985; 21111)
4. A box contains I 00 tickets numbere<ll. 2, . , , .1 00. Two ticket' chmen at random. It is given that tl1e maximum number nn
the two chosen ticketS is not more than 10. The maximum number on them is 5 with probabilit;... (llT 1985; 2Ml

5.

fi,
If]+ Jp, I- P and - p are the probabilities
; '
1 2

'
ce
mutually cxdu.,ivc then the ;-:t ol "II values ofp is ...

Un1 A contains 6 red and 4 blaok balls and urn B contains 4 red and 6 blllok balls. One ball is drawn at random from um A and
(liT 1986; 2M)
ra
placed in urn B. Then one ball is drawn at rondom from urnB and placed in urn A. !fone bail i< now dra"n atrandom from urn
A, the probability that it is found to be red is...... (liT t9e8; 21111)
7. A pair offatrdice is rolled together till a sum <ll.e1ther 'i or 7 ;, ebtoined. Then the probabilhythat5 comes before 7 i;.,
m

(liT 1989; 2M)

8. LetA and B be two"""'* "uch that I'(A) and P{A v B) =0.8. If A and B arc ind4><-'1ldm'll events. then P{B)= ...
(liT J.990; 2M)
xa

9. !fthc mean nd the variance of a binomial variate X am 2 and 1 re,pectively. lhen the pn:>bability that X takes a \alue greater
than one is equal to... {liT 1991; 2M)
10. Three faces of a fair die are yellow. t"o face red and ono blue. TI1e die is tossed th1ee times. l11e probability thdl tho colour>,
yellow, red and blue, appear in the f,rst, ""oond and the third tosse.> respecti;dy, is. (liT I9n; 2M)
.e

11. If two events A and B arc such that P{ A") P{B) 0.4 and F{A n B ) - 05 then F[ ll / (A u B ,. )J (ItT 1994; 2M)
Three numbers are chosen at random without from 11. 2, ... , 10). The probability that the minimum ortiJ<
cho$ell number is 3, or their maximum is 7, is ..
w

{tlT !997C: 2M]

IJ TRUE/FALSE
I. If the letters of the word ''ASSASSIN'' are written do;;n at Jandom in a row, the pmbabilily that no two S's oocur !Ogether is
w

1135. rt1TJ983; IMI

2. lftheprobability for A to fail in an examination is 0.2 and that of B i 0.3, then the probability thm either A or ll fails is 0.5.
w

(liT 1989; Ud)

1!11 OBJECl'IVE QUESTIONS
.,. Only oue option i..Hom:l :
1. Two eveal; A anU B have probabilitie 0.25 and 0.50 8. One hundred identical coins, each with probability p. of
rc>p<ctively. The probability that both A and lJ occur showing"'' head> &rt: tu;setl ouce. IfO<e p<-1 anJ the
imultancously i' 0.14. Then the probability thal neither probability of heads showing on 50 coins is equal to thru
A nor R occnn; i>. (liT 1980) showing on 51 coins, then the value ofp is:
(a) 0.39 (b) 0.25 UIT !!laS: 2Ml
(c)O,ll (d)ooneofth""e (a) 112 (bj491l0l
2. The probability that an event A happens in one lri"l of an (c)50/!0l (d) 51/l()l
experiment is 0.4. Three trial of the
are performed. The probabilit}' that the event 9. India plays two mruchcs each with Wc.;t Indies and
A happens at least ones i: (!IT 1980) Australia. In any match the prohebilitie! of India getting
(a)0.936 (b)0.784 p<Jints 0, 1 and 2 are 0.45, 0.05 and 0.50 re>pcctivdy.

om
(c) 0.904 (d) none ofth""e A.suming that the outcome' are independent. the
lfA and Bare two cvenl' such that P(A)>O. probabilit)' of India gertiug at least 7 pmnts. is :
tilT 1992; 2M)
and }'(B) " 1. then P{A I T/) ;, equal to : {liT 1982; 2M)
(a) 0.8750 (b) 0.0875
(a)l-P(A/B) (b)l-P(A/B) (c) 0.0625 (d) 0.0250
(c) 1-P(A uB) (d) 10. An unbiased die with faces marked I, 2. 3. 4. 5 and 6 i

.c
P(B) P(Bj rolled four times. Out of four face values obtained, the
Fifteen coupons are numbered 1. 2... 15. respectively. pwbability that the minimum face value is no! Jess than 2
Seven coupons "'e elected at random one a! a time witb and the maximum face value isuot greater thlUl 5. is:

ce
replaccmcnl probabillty that the largest number (ItT 1993; IM)
appearing on a selected coupon is 9. is: (liT 1983; lMI (a) 16181 {b) l/81

(a) ',16 )' (b) __[')'

15 II.
(c) 80181
LetO< P{A)<l.O<P(B)< l
(d)65/81
ra and P(A u P(A)+P(B) -P(A)P(B). then:
(c) I -
,,'')' (d) none of these
(a) P(B I A)= P(B)- P(A)
(liT 1995)

5. Three identical dice are rolled Tile probability that the

m
(b)P(A'- B') =P(A ')- P(B 1
arne number will appear on each of them 15: (c) P(A u B)' =P(A)' P(B)'
(ItT 1984: 2...1
(d)P(A I B)= P(A)- P(B)
(a)-
'
(!>l-
' 12. The probability of India "in11ing a test match against
xa

(c) -
' (d) "
2.
Wes!lndies is 1.'2. Assuming independence from match
to match the probability thill in match series India's

6. " "
A student appears for tests 1. U and ill. The student is
second wiu occurs at thud lest i:
(a) l/ll (b 114
(liT 1995)
.e

;ucceos[ul if11c pas>cs eitloer in tests I and II or tests I and

Ill. The probabilities of the student passing in tests t. II (c) \/2 (d) 2/3

and Ill arc p, q respectively. Ifthe prohability that

13. Three of !he six vcrticc.' of a regular hexagon are chosen
at rondorn. The probability thM the triangle with thr=
w

the
vertices is equilateral. equals (liT 1995)
is >uccessful is.!., then : (liT 1986; 2M)
(a)l/2 (b) 115
' ' (c) 1/10 (d) 1!20
w

(a)p=q=l (b)p=q=-
3 14. For the three events A. Band C. P (exactly one oftl1e
(d)p=Lq=-
' events A orB occun;) P (exactly one of the e'ents/J or
w

3 C occurs) = P (exactl}' one of the events C or A oe<ours)

(c) none of these. p and P (all the ti1ree events occurs simultaneously)
7. The prohability that a! least one of eyer,!< A and D
= p', where 0< p< .!.. TI1en the probability of Mleast one
<>ccu"' i.o 0.6. If A an<!_ D occur imultaneously with
probabi liry 0.2. then !'(A) + !'(D 1 i :
(a) 0.4 (b) O.H
(I!T 1987; 2M) '
of the three events A. Band C occurring is (liT 1gg6; 2M)
(b) p+3p'
(c)l.2 (d) 1.4
(e) none of these
2 4
- -
(Here A and B are complements of A and B. (c) p-Jpl (d)
respectively).
' '
 If from each of the tforcr hc>:c< containing 3 white and I ,J --,-1--l
It P(B) --, P(A n!J nC) --and P(A n JJ r.C) = -,
!:>lack, 2 and 2 hlack, 1 V<hire and 3 black balls. one 4 3 )
is drown al random, !tl<n the probability that 2 white lhenP(B nC1 i>: lilT 2002: OM)
and 1 black ball> will be dcawn is: (liT 1998; 2M)
(a)_!_ (b)-
,'
(a).!2
32
'
(b)_!_
4
(c)- "' '
(d) -
(C)-
32
;
(d)-
16
There are four machine< and it is known that exactly two
'
Twn numbers arc selected mndomly lrum lhc _,et S =
{ 1. 2. 3. 4, 5, 6} v.'ithout repl"tenl<nt one h)' one. The
of them "rc faulty. They are tested. one by one, in a probabillty that minimum ot the two nllmbers is les, th"n
random order tlll i:>o!P the faulty machines rue idemilled. 4, is: (ttl 2003)

om
Then tile pmbability that cnly two tests are needed l5
(a)l/15 (b) 14115
(tiT 1998; 2M)
(c) 1/5 (d) 415
(a)-
' If three distinct numbers are chosen randomly from the

(d- '' ftrst 100 natnral nllmber<, then the ptnhability that all
three ofthern ore di,isible by t>oth 2 and 3 is: (liT 2004)

.c
'
A fair coin is t<J"ed repeatedly. If tall appears on first four (a) -
'
55
(b)-
'
35
tosses, then probability ofhead appearing on fifth toss
equals: (liT 1998; 2M) (c)-
' >0)- '

ce
;; - 1155

''
(a) (b) _I_

(c) 31 td)-"' " A fair die is rolled. The probabil1ty that the fln.t time 1
occurs at the even thmw. is: (ItT 2005)
;; ; (a)l/6 (b) 5/11
ra
Seven "'hite halis and t.iree black balls are randomly (c)6111 (d) 5/36
placod in a ruw. The probability Ihat no two black balls Ohc Indian and four American tbeir wives are to
are placed adjacently. equals: (liT 1998; 2M) be seated randomly around a circuiar table. Then l},e
m
conditional probabilil)o that the Indian man is 'eated
(a)_!_ (b)}_
2 15 adjacenl to his wife given that each American man is
seated adjacent to his wife, is: (ttl 2007)
(c)_3_ (d)_!_
"E ' '
xa

; (a)- (b)-
; ;
" If and F are events
P(EnF)>O.then:
wtth P(E),; P(F) and
(UT 1998; 2M) (d)_!_
(a) occurrence of E =:> occurrence ofF
(b) occurrenoe ofF__;. of E
' ;
Let E'' denote the complement of an event. Let F.. r. G
.e

(c) non-occurrence of E __;. non-occurrence ofF be pairwise independent event> wirlt P(G\>0 and
(d) none ofthe above implication holds P (En F n G)=O. ThenP (E' n F' IGi cqLJals:
If the integeiS m and n are chosen at random between I Utl 2007)
w

and 100, then the !hat a number of the form (a)P(E'HP(F') (b)PIE')-P(F')
+ 7' ;_,divisible by 5. equals: (liT 2M)
(c)P(f:')-P(F) (d)P(E)-J'(F'J
w

(a)_!_ (b)_!_

(c)-'' '
;J) _I_
w

" "
I!J OBJECTIVE QUE:STIONS
..,. than options IJ/'1! C&fW!ct:
1. tf M and N are any two events, the probability tilllt exactly 2. For two given "vents A and B, P(A n B) is:
one nf them occurs is ' (tiT 1984; 3M) urr 1983, 2MI
(a)P(M) +P(N) -2PtM " N) (a) not less than P(A) 1 l'(Bj -I
(b)P(M)+P(N)- P(M v N) (b) not grentcrthnn P(A) < P(B)
- - - - (c) equal toP(A),. P{B) F(A U B)
(c) P(M) +P(N) -2P(M n N)
(d) equal to P(A) + P(B)+P(A u B)
(d)P(M n N)- !'(M n N)
3_ 11- F and Fare independent e\ents such that 0< F(F;)< l (a) P(E) = 1/3, P(F)
andO< F\F)< l then: 11111989: 2M) (b) P() 1/2, f'(F) =I I 6
(c) P(E) =1/6, P(F) 1/2
(a) E and F ""' mumally
(d)_!'tEl= I/ -1. P(F J l /3
(b) E and F'(the cornplomcnt of the event F) arc
independent 6_ If E ami F ""' the complemenmry events of E and F
rr"pectivelv and ifO< f'(F)< 1, then: (1998: 2M)
(c) I::" ond F' are independent
(aJP(E / i) +F(i

(t>) /'(E I F)- P(E: / j'1 -1
4. For any twu event< A and Bin a sample sp"ce,
(qf'(E I F)+P(E / F)l
II IT !991; 2M I
. td) I'(E If')+!'( I f)= t
. !'(A)+ !'(B)- l
(atl'(AIB)> i'(Bl
7. The that a >tudenl pa;ses in Mathematics,
Phys1cs and Chomi,!ry are m. p c respectively. Of
(b) P(A n) =I'( A)- Pi A" B)does not hold

om
these subjects. the students has a 75% chance of passing
(c) 1'(.4 u B)= I-NA Jf'(ll ifA and /J are in at least one, a 50% chance of passing in at least two,
indopendcnt _ _ and a chance of passing in two. Which of the
(d) P(A v B)- I - P( A )Pi_B ). if A and B ,-e di;joint fullowi11g relations are true? HIT 1999; 3M)
5. Let E and Fbe two indepe<tdcnt events. The probabilil}
19 (b)p+m.,.c=.'::. '"
that b-oth E and F hapl"'n ;, I112 and the probability that 20 20

.c
neitlter E nor F !tappen ic I -'2_ Then : (tiT 1993; 2Ml (c)p'?lc=_!__ (d)pmc=_!_

'" '

ce
D SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
I. An ami-aircraft gun can take a maximum offour shots at reads A and 20% reads E, while 8% reads t>oth A and B. It
i< al<o known th111 30'/o of those who read A hut not B look
an enemy plane mo,ing """Y [rom it. The probabilities or
ra
hitting the plane at tlte fir:.t, .<econd, third and fourth she>\ ill(O advertisements and 40% oftho'e who re-ad B but mll
arc 0.4, 0.3. 0.2. and O.J re,pecli,ely. Vv1tat is the a into while 50% oftbo;e wllo read
probability that the gun hits the rlanc? (tiT 1981: 2M) both A and B look into WhaL ;, the
m
percentage t>fthc population reads an adverti,..,ment?
2. A and Bare two candidato,;ctking admission in IlT The
(tiT 19e4; 4Ml
probability that A is selected i' and the probability that
both A and B are selected i' almost 0.3. ls it possible that 7. In a multiple-choice que>tion there :Jie four altornativc
xa

the P"Jbability ofB getting is 0.9?(ttT 198Z; 2M) ""'""''" of wluch one or mon: ore correct A condidme
3. Cards are drawn one by one at random from a well will get marks in the quo,rion only if he tick> the correct
shuffled full pack of 52 playing cards until 2 aces are answers. The candida!o> de-cide tn tiel the answers at
obtained for the f:n;t II' N io the numb-er of card' random, if he is allowed uptntlm.-e chances to answer the
requued to be drawn, then slww that questions. find the probability tbt 1-te will !icl mark< in
.e

P, {N-n}-(n-1_)(52 n)l5l -n) the question. (ItT 1985; 5M)

8. A lot contains 20 articles. The probobllity that the lot
contains exact!)" 2 defective artidos i;; 0.4 and !be
w

2-< ",;50. (tiT 1983; 3M)

probability th111 the l<>t exactly 3 defective
4. A, R ('arc events such tllat articles is 0.6. Artidco are dramt from the lot at random
I', (A) = 03. P, (B) = 0.4. 1', (C) =0.8. one day by one "ithou! rcplaceme"t and Jre tested till all
w

I',(AB) =0.08, P, (AC) =028, P,(ABC) = iiJW, defective article' ..-c found. \Vhat is the probability that
lf P, (A u B ''-'C)? 0.75. thcr, show thut P, (BC J lies in the testirt>: procedure end> at the t\>.'eltll testing ?
the interval (ItT 1986; SMI
w

(),lJ S: X S: 0.48 (111l9S3; 2MI S. A man takes a .cop forward with prob;thility 0.4
5. A and B ore two independenl even I>. fhe probabillly that bltckwards "ith probability 0.6. find the probability that
at Ihe end of eleven stops he ;, one \tep from the
both A and ll occuL" and tho probabilit;- that nei:her l'f
'Ianing puinl. (ItT 1987; 3M)
them occurs Fmd the probabiliry nfthe occurrence 10. An urn comams 2 white and 2 blacks balls. A ball is
drown at random. !i Jt is v.-hite it i" not replaced into the
of A. (liT 1984; ZM) um. Otherwise 1t is replaced along with another ball of the
6. In a certain city only two A and D are
published, it is known that 25% nf the dty population
 s>Jne The process is repeated. Find the pmbbili') eqto3lly llkely, what is the probability nl 3 girls Sltling
that the third bali drawn JS black. (!IT 1987; 4Ml together in a back Now nn ;odj;ocent seats! (liT 1996; SMI
ll. A box contains 2 fifty paise coins, 5 twenty Jive paise Sixteen players s,.s,, .. ,S, play in a tourfUlment.
coins and n e<rlair, fixed numl>cr N{"' 2) often and fi,e Titey are divided intn eight pairs at random from each pair
pa1se coins. Five coins arc token out of the \>ox at random. a winner i< decided on the basis of a game played between
Find the probability that the trrcal valw ofthese 5 coins is the two players ot the pair. Assume that all the pla;ws are
less than one rupee and fifty paise. lilT 1988; 3M) uf equal strenbrlh.
12. Suppose lhe probability for A !u win a game against B is (a) Find the proi>ability that the playersS; i> among the
0 4. II' A ha-< "n option of playing either a 'best of 3 eight "inners.
game." or a ""be:;t of 5 games'' tnatch against B. whi<h (b) Fittd lite probabihty that exactly one of two
option should choose n that the probab1lity of his players S 1 and S 2 is among the eight winncl'>.
wmning tile match is higher? (No game ends in a draw). (liT l997C; 5M)

om
13.
(liT 1989; 5M)
A is a set containing- n element.>. A subset P of A is chosen '" lfpand q are ch<"en =domly from the ;et (I. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6, 7. 3, 9, 10), "'th replncemcnt. the
at r.mdom. The set A is rccon;tructed by replacing the _probability thai the mots ofthe equationx' + p.c + q
elemems of P A 'uh'<t Q of.-< is again chcsen at random.
are real. lilT 1997; 5M)
Find !he probability that P and Q have no common
ekments. (liT Three players, A, Band C, toss a coin cycliclly in that
nnier (that 1s A, B, C. A, B, C. A. B. _.) till a head sho"s.

.c
14. In a test an examinee either guesses or copies of knows
tloe anower to a multiple choice question Willl four Let p he the pmbobiliry that the coin <IWw> a head. Leta:,
j> andy be, respectively. the probabilities that A_ ll and C
clloices. The probability that he make a guess is! and the gets the first head. Prmc thatp =(I - plo:.

ce
;
(in terms of pl. mT 1998; 8Ml
wobability that he en pi"" the anow'-r 1> The probability Eight players P1, P2..... !', play a
It is known that whenever tho player< P. and P, play, the
that hi> answer h com:ct g1wn that he copid 1!. is.!.. Find player P, will win if i< j Assuming that the Players are
ra
the probability that he knew the answer to the question
g1ven that he correctly answered it (liT 1991; 4M)
' paired ffi random in each !"<lund, what is the probability
that the pJ,ycr f'4 rcache; the iinal? {liT 1999; 10M)
.... coin h03 probability p ofshowiag hc<Ul wllcn tossed. IT
15. A Jot contain> 50 defective and 50 non-<icfcctivc bulb>.
is loos<d n times. Let p. denote the rruhabi!ity that no
m
Tv..n hulh< a,-, drawn at rur.dom, one at a time. with
replacement. The events A. B, C arc defined as: twn (or more) consecutive he<!ds occur. Prmc that p, I.
(the firS! hulb i:; defective) p, p 2 andp, =(1-p)
p,_l < p(! - P)Pn-z for all"'?: 3 (tiT 2000; SM)
xa

B second bulbi> non-defective)

An Ull1 contains m white and 11 black balls. A bJil is drawn
C two bulbs are both defectivo or both
at r:mdom and is put back into 1he urn long with k
non-<iefective).
add1tional balls of the culuur "-' lhal of the ball
Determine whether dmwn. A ball is agaiu drwn at ra!Klorn. Whffi is Ute
.e

(i) A, B. C ""' pairwise mdependont. probability that tOe ball drawn now is white?
(i i) A, B, C are independent. lilT 1992; 6Ml (liT 2001, 5Mt
16. Numbers arc selected at random. one at a Iimc. from the 25. An unbiased die, with faceo numbe1ed I, 2. 3, 4, 5, 6. is
w

two,digit numt>ers 00. 0 !, 02, ...... ,99 replacement. thro"n " times and the liH of n numbers ;bowing up i>
An e;ent E occurs 1f and unly if the product of the two noted. What is that among the numbers 1.
dig1ls nf a 'elected m1mi><r is 1 If four numbers at< 2, 3, 4, 5. 6 only rtumbL"Th appear in this lisr?
w

selected, find prolwbility I.'kot the event E occurs at least (tiT 2001; 5M)
l times. [liT 1993, 5Ml
26. A hm cnnt"ins N ,oip_,_ m of which are taic and the rest
17. An unbiMed coin is tossed. If the result in a h..act, a pair of
are hia.<cd. The of getting a head wh:n a tair
w

unbia>ed dice is rolled and the number by

coin i lO'-'"d is 112, v.hile it i< 213 "hen" bi"'ed coin is
adding- ilie numbe?S on the two fMes is noted. If the rc.sult
tossed. A coin is drav>n from the box at random and is
is a tail, a card from a W<:Jl shuffled pack. of eleven cards
tossed twice. Tile first time it shows head and the second
numbered 2, 3, 4 ... , 12 is picked and the number on the
time it shows tnil \'/hat i' the probability that the min
card is noted. 'What is the probability that the noted
numl>er is either 7 or 8? (tiT 1994; SMI
drawn is fair? (ItT 2002; SM)
27. student to qualitY, he mu>t pru;s at least two out of
18. In how many ways three girls and nme t>oys can be seated
in two vans. each having numbered seat.>, 3 in the fronl thrw exams. The probability that he v.ili pass the 1st
exam i' P. If he fails in one of the exams then the
and 4 at the back? How many seating arrangemeut> arc
possible if 3 &iris ohould sit together in a back row on
odjacem scats') Now. if all the seating arrangement; are
probability of his in the next exam i< i othcrwi>e
 1t remaiLt> tho 'dill<. Find the that he will 4 balls are white. Find the prDbability that in the """ twn
quali(v. {liT 2003; 2M) dcawru exactly one white ball is drown. (Leave the
28. A is targting to B. B nd Care targol ing lu A. Probal:>ility arswer in "C, ). (liT 2004; 4M)
of hitting, the target bv A, JJ and C are _!_ and _!_ 31. A person goes to onice either by car, scoot.r, bus or train
_] 2 _]
respectively_ If A is hit, then find the probability that B probability ot whtch respectively.
hil< the target ond C doc> not. (liT 2003; 2M)
Probability thfll he reaches ofllccs late, if he t!lkcs car.
29. If A and B are two independent prove tlurt
P{AtJ/I).!'(A'0.R'),e;P(Cl. v.here C'" an event scoorer. bus or train _!_. _:1: and _!_ Given
'19'1 9
denned thai one of A an<! B ocoun..mT 201)4; 2Ml
that he reached oiTice in time, then "hal ;, the
30. A bag C<lntains 12 red bolls and 6 white balls. Six balls are that he travelled by a car? (liT 20051
draW<ls one by one without replacement ot whtch at least

om
B AsSERTION AND REASON TYPE QUESTIONS

This question contains SlATEMENTl (Asse.-tion) and (a) Statement-! lS Statement-11 IS True:
STATRVENT-ll (flea.wn). Statement II is a correct explanation for Staremem- I
(b) Statement-! is True, Statemeni-II i; True:
' Let H,, H, ...... H" be mutually exclusive events v.ith
P (ff, )> 0., i 2. _____ n _Let E be any other event with Statement-11 is NOT a CO\TCC! explanation for

.c
0< P (Ek I. lilT 2007) Statement-IT
Statement-! : P( II, IE)> P( EIH, ) P(H, ) rue (c) Statement-\ i" True, Sialcmcnlll is False
... ,n (d) is False, Stmement- II is True

ce
StKtemeut-Il: "
LJ(H,)

ANSWERS
ra
l'iJ Fill in the Blanks

1.2 2.2 . 3.P(AnB) 7.--

,'
m

I!J True/False
"
'
9. _!__!_
. JO. _I_

'"
II. _I_ "
'
xa

I. Fol<o 2. Folse
liJ Objectrve Questions (Only""" options)
I. (a)
.e

2. (bl 3.tb} 4. (dl 5. (b) 6. (e) 7. (c)

8. (d) 9. (h) tO. (a) il.(d 12. (b) 13.(c) 14. (01
15.(') 16. (b) 17. (a} 1!1. (bl 19.(d) lO. (a) 21. (a)
n.(dl 23. id) 24. (h) 25. (c) (c)
w

Ill Objoolive Qu.. (More than option)

1. (a. c) 2. (o, b, c) 3. (b, c. d) 4. (a, c) 5. (a, d) G. (a, di 1. (b, c)
w

Ill Subjoolr.e Question

1
I. 0 6976 2. '<o ;;. or 6.19.5%
,
7._1_ 9. "c, (0.24J'
w

; ;
10. 23 11. 12. bet of3 game> 14. 24
", ,r'

"
_'!!___ 18.__1__ 19. g 21. '-" P ,,
"=
'" r_Ir-11
J
25' 792 91
c,"
(I p)- 1-(1-p)

_ p':- 3.2" + 31 '

'"'
25
" " 8N +m

I!J A...rlkm and R..>on Type Ques!iono

J_ (J)
ll1 nLL IN THE BLANKS
- 0.1
Probab1l11y II=----

UAl 21
0----
ll.l 5 Thus.
3 '
--5p1'.-
2 '
Lot R be drawittg a red ball and B for drawing a black bcll,
Since Jdem1nlnl ;, ol'orclt"r2 x 2 and each dement;, 0
or I ' then

om
n(S)=2 4 =16 Required probabili!)-
= RRR- RBR .'i.'.'.' - BBR
anJ -, pO\itive arc,
';561665)

= [ i1"i1'i0t,w"ilxto
oJ'Io!''tll

.c
144:1(476'
n()=3 + lx'+lxxl
,10 11 1D ,10 II 10_,
-- 3
Thus. tl1e probability- . 328
16

ce
,n (Au IJ)= P (A)+ I' (H) - f (;! nB)
605
5 can be thrown in 4 ways and 7 can be thrown in 6 "a''
n
hence number of ways ofthro\\ing neither 5 nor7 i>
_.:, P 1 and P (B) are eq.oal
36-{4+6}-26
ra
P U u B) =P (An B) =!>..J and Bare eqml sets
:_ Pmhahi1lty ofthrm>ittf, ,, fi>e in a single throw wtth a
Thus. i' (A)and P tB) is "'JUaJ toP (An B J . .. . 4 I __ _ _
paor Lll d1ce "-=--and of neither
' Ler A be the "'crllthat the maximum number on the lwo
dwscn ritle!s is not more than I 0. that;, the n0. on
36 9 ,.
m
, ; 26 B .
:> Ill anJ q Lhc event lila! tile minimum no. on them is 5 JllOf

!hat i> tile nn. them;, W< how TO find f'r '!__ \
vf J
Honce, required probability
36 18
xa

Now (.:1 = Ji(.1 n_IJ_) o!''9''.' i'"J.l' (,('-'j' (q.

18 9) ,18 ',9, '
""" Lhc nurobe of""'' of goning: a number r 011 the 1\;o
, A/ P(A) II( AI
a. P (Au B)-P (A)+P (B)- P(A).P (B), as A and Bare '
.e

ticket< is the coefficient of/ in the ex ran< inn nf indep"nctenl

(_r '+x--
- ____ +l '"'''
) "')- 0.8 = (0.3) P (B) (0.3)!' {B)

"-': I I - '" -'

w

-x'll-:Zx""'+x""')(l -x)_,
i, x
;
x 2 (I- :x 100 1 2t +Jx' + 4x' + .... )
1- """
w

9. For Binomial distrii>ution, np

Thu>, 1
ofr = I. of x 2, ofr 4 = 3, oh 10 = 9
2
and
Hence,
np = 2 anrl npq = 1 (given)
w

and
=> and p+q=l """ p=112
Reqwed pwbabtlll}' = P [ J

Now.
1 3 1 1 2
Since. + P. - r. - P ore probabilitv of mulLlall,-
1 4 2
P (X> t) 1- {P (X + 1' (X

u;i,e ov onl<
(']o(!J'"_.,c,(.!.)'l'l'
,2_ ,z 2) 2
_j_,__l__ _ __=.!.!..
=> os1- po>4. o;;J .. :zpQ 16 16 16
10. According to condftion "_I
l' ( yellow at tlle flr>ltoss) = = ""
07-0.5 0.2 I
0.8 0.8 4
P (re<l "t the ln") =- =-.
'0 '' 12. let. 1 be the event getting minimum .1 and E,

and P (blue at tho third be the evem getting H\axirnum HUIHber 7.

Then. P (E,) = P (geuing one number 3 and other two
Thel"l'li>rc. the probability olthe required event from numbers 4 to 10)
I l I I 'c, x 'c,
3 G 3G

LO (" '
II. P( .4" ) =0.3 (gmm) oo> P (A)= 0. 7 /'(E,)=P(getting one number 7 and other Iwu from ' '"

om
P(B)=0.4(gtven) =;- P(B'"l=0.6 numbers l to 6)
'cJ X 'c. 2
Now,
P (An w) =0.5 (giwnl
F(A u B') = P(A)+ P(B') -P(A n B') '"c, '
"

and /' (1 t"\E 2 ) P(getting one number 3, second
number 7 and third from 4 to 6)
again,

.c
=
1
c ,x 'c 'c ..
P(B I A w B' )= P{B n(A vB' ))
"' c 1
P(AvB')
'"

ce
P{(BnA)u(BnB')} P (E, u E,) -I' (E, )+N 71 - P (!;1 --, 1!:,)
7 I I II
=P{(B,>A)v1} "" P(B.>A)
ra --+------.
4084040

D TRUE/FALSE
Hence. Fabe.
1. Total number of way' to mange "ASSASSN' is__!!__
m
4 1 -2 1 2. I'(Afailsincxaminatinn)=il.2
AAlN P (lJ fai Is in examination) - 0.3
Number of ways i11 which no two s .1 occur together P I A ,.-., R J= P(A).l'(R) (0.3)
xa

41 :. P (A v B)= P(A);. P( B)- P(A t"\B) =02-'"03 -0.06

= x'c,
2!
. .. 4!x5x4'x2! Hence
reqmred prohahhtv =. =
2 1 x8
.e

B OBJECTIVE (ONLY ONE OPTION)

1. P(A) =0.25. P(B) =0.50, P(A n B) =0.14 it is giwn that the number on the Belected coupon is 9.
w

=> tilerefore the selection is to he made from the coupons

P(A u B) =0.75 -0.14 numbered I to 9. Titis can be llli!de in 9 7 ways out ofthesa
7 7
P(.,kB)=0.61 9 cases, 8 does not contain the mlmbcr 9. Thus. the
w

fa,ourable number of cases = 9' 8 '.

P(A u B)= 1- P(A u Bl = 1-0.fil =0.39
0' - 8 7
2. P(A)-0.4.P(A)=0.6 Hence, the required probabiliiy - c -
o;
w

P(the event A happens a1 least one) =I- P(none)

5. Since, three <lice""' rolled, the total numb-er of case
= I - (0.6) (D.6)(0.6)


Jnd the same nnmber appear on each of them= 6C 1 -6.
=0.7&4
3. Required probabililv = ..i_ = J...
2!6 36
P(A/B)=I-P(Aill)
6. LetA B, Cdenote the e>ems ofpa,oing ih< t<.;ls I, II and
4. Since there are 15 po>Siblc cases fer solcoting a Ill respectively.
nd seven coupons are selected, the total number of cases
Evidently A.B.< arc independent events. Now according
of selecting seven coupons 15 7
to question
 =P [(An B]',J (A" C)J
A>ru
P(A v 1-l'(A u B)= 1- {P(A) + P(B)
= P(A nlJ) +!'(An C)-- P(A n B nC) - P(A).P(B)}
= P(A) P(B) + P(A) P(C)- P(A) P(B) P(C) =(I - P(A) )(1- P(B))
=P(A)'.P(RY
=pq+r-
'' -pq-
'' lienee (c) is lme_
=> 1=2pq+p-pq 12. Probobility of India winning tlte match
=> l=r(4+1)
of the given values. values in (c) sallsfy (i).
... (i)
Probobility oflosing a match i ahu '
Hence (c) is required ans,.er.
Now in two wa}'S lndiacan win 2nd lime in 3rd match

om
{In fuct, (i) i; ;atisfied for infinite no. of values (I)L\VW {2)WLW
of p nnd q. For if we take any value f q such thatO ,; q :!:
thenp takes the value-'-. It is dent thaiO< -
1
;; I
:. Required i
q +I q +I
; e . 0< p < (_ Rut "" ilavc to chose rorrect answer from Given, P (India wins)= 112
given ones.)

.c
!' (India losses)- II 2
7. P(AvB)=0.6,P(An/J)-0.2 ont of 5 matches India's second win occurs al third rest.
- -
P(A) {I- P(Ai} + {1-- !'(B)) => India winslhird tet and simultaneously it has won

ce
-2- (P(A) -,-P(B)) one match from first two and lost the other.
=2 -- {P(A v B) +P(A n B)) Requlred probability n P(LWW)+P(WLW)

=1.2.
=2-{0.6+0.2}
-('J'
--+-1'(''' '
2 2' ,,
ra
a. Let X\>: the numher of coins showing heads. Let X be a Three vertices out of 6 can be chosen in 'C 1 ways.
binomial >ariatc with parameters n = 100 and p Now.
P(X=50)=P(X=51)
So, total way' = c, ft 20
c
m
'""c,, ," (1 - pJ'" '"''c, rrl" (1- p)"
(JOOL__, (51!)x (49!) p
(50!) (50!) 100!
xa

____!'_____=_
1- p 50
"
India play 4 marches and for at least 7 point, it can only be
po;,ible in WWWD or WWWW r><>sition where W '
.e

Only twt> equllatoral triangles can be formed

represent win and f) represents draw_ .1. AEC and I'> BFD.
Therefore, the probabil!ty of the required event i' So favourable ways = 2
\., (OD5)(tJ5/- 4C,(OS) 4 - -- 2 1
w

so requu-ed probabhty = = .
::;:. [4(0 O'il +0.5] (O ..Sj 3 0.0875 20 10

Therefore, (b) is the answer. " We know !hat if

P
w

one of A orB occurs)

I,ot A = getting not le<S than 2 and not greater than 5
= P(A) + P(B)-2P(A I" B)
=> A=(2,J,4,5} the,eforc,

w

1'(,1)=4 P(A) +P(ll) -2/'(A nll)= p ... ( 1)

but die is rolled four times,

getting fuur throws
'
the probability in
Similarly, P(B)+P(C) -2P(B nC)= p
and P(C)+P(A)-lP(CnA)=p --- (31
... (2)

adding(!). (2) and (3). we get

2[P(A) -P(B) +P(C) -!'(A nB)
- P(R nC)- P(C '"'A)]- lp
n. Sir.ce P(A r. B)- 1'(A) P(B)
=< P(A)+P(B)+P(C)-P(AnB)
It means A and lJ are independent events so A ' and B ' are
-P(BnC)-P(Cr.A)=3pl2 ___ (4)
ab;o indepeodem.
So P(AvB)'-l'(A'.---,B') We are also given that
=P(A')P(B') l'(Ar,BnC)-p' ... (5)
 Now, P (al least one A, B. and C) :. 7" 7" will be divisible by 5 if it end at5 or 0.
= P(A) + P(B) + P{C) -P(A n B) but it cannot end at 5
-l'(B nC)-P(C nA )+ P(A nB nl') also catll1ot end at 0
3 for this m and n should be as follows:
= P+p 2 fusing(4)and(5)]

'
3p+2p 2
m
,, 4r+2
' 4r+ I 4r+ 3
15. P (2 white Wl<l 1 black)=P (W,W,ll 3 or ffjB 1W1 or
B,W,W,) ' 4r-] ,,
=P(W,W,B 3 )+ POfj B 2W,) + P{B 1W2W,) ' 4r- 3 4r+ l
l'{Wj )P(W, )P( B3 ) + P(ffj )P(B, )1' (W3 )
+ P(B 1 )I'(W2 )J'(W3 )
'
For any given valll< ofm, Ihe"' will he 25 values ofn.

om
Hence, the probability of tile requirod event is
323321121
=-.-.-+-.-.-+ - .- l00x25 1
114444444
lOOX\00 4
'
--(9H+I)=- B There lOre (a) is <he ans,.er.
32 32
Therefore, (a) is the an<wcr Givenl'(B)- P{A .---.n nC)
"

.c
16. The probability that only two tests ai'C ncc'<lcd =
probability that tOC L1rst machine tested is faulty x ' ,,.,,. q '
probabilil)' that the "'cond machine tested is fuull)' (given

ce
- 2 1 I
that the fir>t machine cested " lou II)') x - - -.

Therefore, (b) is the answer. ' ' '

17. The event th01 the fifth toss results in a head is
independent of the e;ent that the first four tosses result in
ra
tails.
:. Probability of the rc4uirctl C\'Cnl = 112
Therefore, (a) is the am;., cr. '
m
lB. The number of ways of placing 3 black balls witho\lt any
restriction is '"c,. Since we !wve tntal 10 places of - -
P={AnBnC)= - '
;
puning 10 balls in a row. Now tl1e number of .... ays in
xa

wh1ch no two black balls put together is equal to tile which can be shown on Venn diagmm ,;,
number of ways of 3 places n1arked '-' out of P(B nC) =P(B) - {P(A nB r.C))
eight
+P(AnBnC)
W W W W -W--W--W-
'c, "'"-}''
.e

This can be in 11ou>. probability of the

'c,
TCqULrt:dCYCnl= --=
1 h .
-=-.T erelore,( )"
h .
22. Here, two numbers are selected from (I, 2. 3, 4, 5, 6 J
'"c, IOx9x8 15
= n(S) = 6 x j {as '"'" b}' nne wi!lwut replacement}
w

the flllSWCf. Favourable events c--;. the mimmum ofthe two number< is
Imp. point : pom.er of prime numb<:rs have cyciic le'"
w

mtmbors in their unit place. 11() = 6 x 4 for the minimurn of the two is less than 4
we can select one Ji"nm (I, 2, 3.4) and ooher from (\, 2, 3,
ltisgivcnthatP(E), ;:l'(F) =:> E,;;F ... (1) 4, 5, 6)
w

and l'(EnF)>O => E-#F ... (2)

r"'luircd probabili!'." : n{l:') =
24
(a) occurrence of E --,;occurrence ofF (fro"' (2)) n{S) 30 5
(b) occurrence ofF => occurrence of E (from (2)1 As three di,linct numbers are to be selected lfom
(c) non-occurrence of}<' = non-occumnce nr F (li'om " natural numhe"
100

(I)) n{S)= tooc,

Therefore, (d) Is the A,,-.
Eu:""''"'"'' "'"') All (hrtt of them are di;isible by bath
20. 71 =7.7'=49,7'=343 .7 4 =2401, 2 and 3.
Therefore, for 7', r EN the no. at unit place 7, 9, 3, =0> divisibleby6ie, {6, 12, 18, ... , %}
I, 7, _
 Thus our of 16 w hae to 'elect 3_ Fv"n when each American m"n io seated adjacent to ilis
n(E)- "'c, '"'"-
Again !!(E)=(5!)x(Z'J'
"c 4
=> required probabililv =--'--
100,,
--
1155
24. ' a dice
Let fr: be the event of getting I on
E n(E) (5')>:(2')'

('('--( and - =
PUJ'l ' Alter:

f' (clrst time I occurs at the e\'en throw)

' ' ' Fixing rnur American couple' end one Indian man in
any N.o couples; we h"ve _\ different v,ays in
wh1ch hi' wile can i>e ;;eated, of wh1ch 2 are ca'"-'
ort, ort,, m 1, _.and so on i,
bvourahlc_
- {1'(1 l'(2 }) - {1'1 1 )P(E,) 1'(1 ) P(E-1 )) - ... "'
'

om
Required probability-:':
__!_"+ ( '!'" ,1-1,6'I'(.!_'!'+---"'
,6 6j ,6/ 1,6 ,6 ;" E' nF' 1 _ P(E' nF' ".G) '
}'' 0 )---rrc)
'
36
II
5 !'(G)- P ("G)- P (G c F)

.c
(- P(G)

25. '"
Let E- e\'enl when each American man " oealcd
P (U}[I- P (E)-!' (F)l
[:!'(G)*Ol
P(G)

ce
to his wife.and A= evcm when Indmn man;, ><:atcd
adjacent to hi< wilC. =1 P(E)-P(F) =P(E'')-P(F).
... Now, n(.-!nE'o=(4!)x(2!)
5

I!J OBJECTIVE !MORE THAN ONE OPTION!

ra
:-.fvv.. P(F. n F) =!'(E)- P(E n F)
L (a} (c) We have. P(cxacdy """ ofM. N <J<curs)
- -
= P{(M n V) u (:ll n }\-)} = !'()- P(Ej-P(F)
- - = P{li) (1- P(F)) =P(E)- P(ii)

m
= P(.ll)- P(M n N) 1 PtN)- P{Af n N) Jnd, P(F.r'r)=!'(EuF)=I-f'{F.uF)
- -
= /'(M) +PtN)- 2P(M n S) =I-ll-!'(!>')!'(!')}
xa

Also. I'( e>.actly one of them occu") {: and Fore ind,piTtclent)

{1-i'(M n N)){l- P(M u iV)) =!'(E)-P(F)
= P(Jf c, N)- P(M n N J Sv. E and F JS woll "" anJ F aro independent "' cnts.
= P(Jf) ' P(Nl -21'(# n N) Nv" P(F I F)+!'(/ F)+ P(i'. nF)
.e

P(F)
Hence. (a) and answer.
2_ We know \hal. = P(E P(fo: ,-.,.F)
P (A nH)-l'(A)+!'(Bl-I'(A uiJ) !'(F) f'(F)
w

"bo, l'(AuB}SI
f'(A"-Blm,-"'henl'(/Ju/J}=, =1 1'\F)
w

--"> J'(Ar,Bj::O!'(A)-PW)-1 4_ (a). (c) know Ihat

::(a) is true. ?(A I P(A 0 B)= f'(_A) +l'(B) - !'(.! u R)
Again 1' (A''-' B)"> IJ
w

l'IB) P(B)
:. l'(AnB),,_, whenl'(AuBJ.,m =0
Since. ?(,1 v B)< 1, :.-!'(AU BJ>-1
=>
= PU)+!'(B)-I'(A uiJ)>I'\A) > P(Bl-1
or
_ !'(A) >P<_B)-!'\AUB) P(-1)+1'(11}-1
tb}i,tn\C
P(IJ) P(B)
!'IAVR),
hence (c) i< ol'o correcl. Thus (a) lb). (c)"'" correct P(A /B)> !'(A) 1- P(RJ-1

3- {b\ (d (d) E oml f' arc indepemlcn\ P(B'>

Thererorc_ !'( n r) = P( t.') P(F) "'ll, so E and F arc lienee, (a);, correct.
not mnt1mlly exclusive. The dtuice (b) holds on I)' for di;;joinl ; e.. P(A n H) = 0
 Finally, P{ A u B) = !'(A) + f'(jj) -i'(A n B J (d)P(EIF)+P(EIF)
=l'(A) -P(H)- P(A)- P(B), 1'(6-nF) P(ifr.F)
if A. Bare - -1-
P(F) P(F)
=I- (1- P(A)) (l- PIB))
=1-P(A)P(B) p(E ni"") + (P(Ic' nF)
:. Option (c) i> correct. but option (d) is not correct"" !'(F)
if disjoint,
=t
f'(A F(A) + P(Bj l'(Fj
5, (a, a) !3oth E and F happen"--" E n F (d) is true.
therefore, P(E n F)= _I_ (g 1von) So (a). (d) ore the answer.

rlnd neither l( nor F hapf"m --o P(if r> F)= I_ " 7. Let A. B. and C denote the events that
>tudent passes in t.!alb_,_ Phy;ics and CheJ:Jistoy.

om
It i.> given :
but lor independent '"'ent&, we have ' !'(A) n' P( Rj = 1' "n<l P(C) = c ami P(pa;,,ing in at
least rme\) P( A u II ' .'C) = 0.75
1'(/!'nF)=P(F.).P(P)=_!_ .. (!)

and
- -
P(E ''F)=P{E)P{F)
" => I-P(A'nFi'nC')=0.75
: [l'(A) = 1- f'(A) andP(A U B v C- /'(An I! nC Jl

.c
F(E)){(l- P(F)j --'> 1 - P<.A') .l'(B" ) . P(C' ) = 0.75
= l - P(k) - !'(F)+ P( 1': JP(F) A, B, Care independent cvenc' therel(>re A', B' and C'
are independent cvenK

ce
=>
----, 0.75=1-(1-m)(l p)(l e)
=>
,' "'
0.25-(1-m)(l-p){l-c) __ (I)
=> -=1-{P(F.:)+P(F))--
AlsoP (passing exactly in mo >ohJec")= 0.4

1-'(P.') + P(F) - - (2)
ra P(AnHnC v AnBnC v
2 12 An Fi
Sohing P(E)and !'(F) from equations (I) >llld (2). we
get l'(A nB nC) ul'(A n H nC)
m
either i'(E) = 1
""' P{F) =-
' - -
>/'(AniJnC)=ll4

"' ' and ' => P(A)NB) l'(C) + P(A)P(H) P(C)

+ P(.J) P(H) l'(i')=U4
xa

6. (a. d) PIE/ F)+ P(i 1 F)= P(E r ,F) 1 l'(E ' ' => pm(l-c) I l>(l-m)c-(l-p)mc=0.4
.-o .. (2)
l'(F) P(F) again 1' (passing at tea.ol in two subjects) =05

.e

-- => l'(AnBnr')+l'(AnlJnC)
P(F)
+ r(.-:f nB nC)+ P(,1 n B ,-,(')= Q5
=P(F)=I ----, pm(l-c)+pc(l-m)+cm(l-p)-1
!'(!)
w

=> pm-pcm+pc-pcmfcm-pcm+pcm-0.\
thercfnrc, (a) is the answer. ---> (pm- pc+mc)- ... (3)
(b) 1-'(F: /F), P(E / i) from (2), we gel
w

= P(E 0 F)+ ,e0(E:c'oncF'-') pm+pc+m;-3pcm=0.4 ___ (4)

P(F)

. P(Fl from ( 1), we

w

P(F) I
P(l:.'nF) P(F:nF)
P(F)
., 025=1-(m+
solving (3). ( 4), (5) we gel
pc+cm)- pcm (5)

p + m + c= 135 = 27120.
Therefore, {b) is not the answer.
- - Therefore (b) is the armvcr.
(c)/'( I F)+ /'(J;' l')E n F)+ 1'(1.' nF) Also, from {2) and (3), we get
P(J-)

= P(E nFJ + !'(E nF) ,

1
pmc=-
W'
P(F) 1 P(F) lienee (c") ;, coJTcct.
fhcrcl(>re. tc) is not the answer
D SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
I. P(H1)=OA P(H0 ) 0.3. P(ll,)
P(gun hils !he plane)
P(H4 ) =C.l

('--1-'
" >
=I- does not hi I the plane)
- - -

=I- (0.6) (0.7) (0.8) (0.9)

-
= 1- P(l/ 1 ) l'(H2 ) P(H3 )-P(f/ 4 ) --

6x'-5x+i-0
(3x-1)(2x-1)=0

=I -0 3024=0.6976
x--
' "" -
;'
2.
P(A n II);; 0.3
P(A) =0.5
P(A)
'
=!;
P(A) 1- P(B)- P(A u B):;: 0.3 6. The percentage of population who read a<hertisement be

om
P(ll);; 0_3 +P(A V Bj- P(A)
:>P(AuB)-0.2 ' P(l':)=P(EIA)P(A)+P(E/B) P(B)
{whereP(AvB)sl => P(AuB)-0.250.8) P(EIAnB)-P(AnB)
P(B) s 0.8
('" '") ('" '")1.'" ")
iOO"wo + 100.100 +,!Ooi-iio

.c
"'} !'(B) cannot be 0.9.
3. P(Nthdrawgl\'eo2"" a<-e) = 19.5% read adverti>cmcnt.
P(l ace and (n -1) other cards are drawn in (N -ll 7. The total number of ways to onswcr the question

ce
drawsxP(Nth drawis2"' ace) - = 'c
,+ ' ,+
c ',+
c(', = ; ' '
= 3 P(getting marh) P( correct answer in I chance)
(52)!-{n "2)!(50 11)! (53-n) + P( correct answer in II chance) +!'(correct mJS'-'Or in
Ill chance)
ra
4(n-1)(52- n)(SI- 11) -->
5251-50-49 +(:: 1\ "*'iq
(n -1) (52- n) I? I-n)
-' '
m
50491713
15 5
4. We know_
8. The testing procedure may terminale at the twe!lh tc>ting
P(A) + P(B) + P(C) -P(A n II)- P(H nC)
in two mutually exclusive way,.
xa

-P(C n A)+ P(A nB nC)

1 : when lot contains 2 defective articles.
=I'(AuBvC)
ll: "hen lot contains 3 defective articles.
=> 0.3 +0.4 + 0.8 -- (0.08 + 0.28 + P(BC)) + 0.09
let, A -+Testing procedure ends at twelth testmg.
=P(AuBuC)
.e

A, -+lot comairn 2 dcl(:ctivc >trtides

=> 123-l'(BC)=P(AuBuC) 42 -+lot contains 3 defective anide>..
where,0.75 s P(/J u B uC) s 1 :. Reqnired probabilit:-
"'} 0.75:>1.23 P(BC);;l
w

=P(A,JI'(AIA1) 1-P(A 2 )P(A/1 2 )

--c> -048;;-P(BC)$-0.23 Here, P(A I A,)= ProbabiliLy that first 11 draws contain
=> P(BC);; 0.48 11
10 nan---<lefecttve and one defective ond 12 ' draw
w

s. conlains a defective article.

'
; "c10' 'c 'x-1 ... ( IJ
w

{1- P(A)}{1 - P(B))- "c " '.

Let /'(.4)- x and P(B) = y P(A I A,)= Probabtlity that first II draws contains 9
non.defective and 2deli:clive amclcs and 12b draw
=> (1-x)(l-y)=J
' '
xy--. "c,x-'c, x 1
' " conroinsdefective=
'"c 9
... (2)
and xv---
' "
X+ y=-
; ' . :. Required probability

99
1900
> '
 9. Tite man will be ()"!10 step a;o.'lly f)'orn the startmg poim if (iii) when two 50 2 !wen!}- f1ve paise coins
(i) either he is one step ahead or (ii) one step behind the and one Ji-om n coins of ten and Jlve paise.
starting point. :. The tutal nwnber of ways of ""Jecting five coins so that
Required probability P(i) + P(ji). the total value of the coins" nolle_, than one rupoee and
The m"n will be one _,tep ahead at the end of eleven step. filly paise is,
if he moves six <teps forward and five steps b"ckward. CZc, -'
c, ' Co)+ ( 2C, -' c, " C 0)
The JrOhabJiity of this event lS ll C (0.4) 5 (0.6)'.
6 T c'c, '' c, -' c, )- IO(n+ 2)
The tnaJl wtll be one step bchmd atlho end ofckve n step> So. the number of way of sdtttin g fivt coins, so that the
if he moves ,;x steps backwa rJ and five steps for ... .rd. tout! value of the coin is lc" than one rupee and fifty
The probahility urthis event is JJ C (0 .6) 0(0 _4 ) 5 pciise is
6
Hence, required probability "' 7C 5 IO(n+2 )
= "Co(O. IJ'(0.5J l + "C,,(0. 6)\0.4) ' , _ ,

om
,_ . ,. 'c,-1 0("+2 )
- ne<[UJre u prouaul lly =
- {''"'
.,, v.
n'c
10. Let, B, = r'' ball dmwn is black. =1-,!c0(11+2l
'
W. = i' 0 ball drawn is 1>hite; i =I, 2 ,. 'c,
A= Third ball drawn is black. 12. : When A plays 3 games again>! B. In this case, we

.c
We Ob>etve that the black ball can t>e dra"n in the third
draw in one oflhe following mutually exclusive ways. dru.! q

(iJ Both first and sec<md balls drawn are white and third Let X denote the number of wins. TI1en,

ce
all is black. !'(X =r) 'c, (0 4)' (0.6)' _,; r=O,
'-"- (W[ nW2)nA. :. p; probability of whtning the best of3 games.
=
(ii) Both fil'>1 and second balls are block and third ball =I'(X; , 2)
drmm ls black u, {B1 n B,) n A.
ra
(iii) The first ball drawn; , white, the second hall drawn
is black 'l"d the third ball drawn is bl;;ck '-", = 'c2co.4 )'(0.6J 1.+ 'c,(0.4 ) 1 (0.6J'
(IJ[ r-.B2 )nA. +0.064 =0.352
m
(iv) The limt ball dntwn '' black, the second ball dravm is Case II: When A play; 5 gamcs"llain>t B.
whire and the third ball dn<wn is black 1 e., In this case, we hve
(B1 r,W,)c> A.
n =5.1' w0.4 amJ q
xa

F(A) d-'[ {(W1 n W,) n A} u{(B n B ) nA} let X denote the mmllxr ot wm; in 5 gam.,..
1 2
u{(W, r B, )n A} u{(b' 1 nW2 ).'>A) J
=P{(IJ[ nW,)n A}+P{ (B, r-.b' )n.-'} l'(X = r) = 5C,(0.4) ' (0.6) 5-'
2 !,2... ,5
+P{(W1 nB, )nA)+P {(B 1 nW, )n A)
.e

. 1'2 = ofwinni r.g the 'beSl of 5 game.s' _

,-,W,)- P(AiW nlf:J+ P(B nB )-
1 2 =P(X
3)
P(A llJ1 n8 2 ) _,_p(flj nlJ )-P(AI II[ nB )
2 2 P(X =3) + P(X ;4) ..-l'(X =5)
w

+P(B, nW 2 )P(Ai B1 nW,)

=' c, (0.4)' co.6)" + (0.4l' (0.6) 'c,
43 ,45_ -6 + 'c,ro.4) '(U.6J"
w

=0.31744.


3 4 4 5 30 \4 Clearly. P1 > P2 - Therefore, first opllon i e., 'the l>c.t J
games' has higher probability of winning
w

II. There are (n + 7Jcoin' in the box otrt ofw)tich five coins mot<:h.
con bo taken m1t m " 1'C 5 ways. 13. The >etA contain 'n elements. So, it be.s2" sebsets.
'i'hetoral value ofS cams can b-e equal tour more than one :. Set P can be chosen in2" way;, "imilar]y set Qcan be
rupee and fifty paise in the following ways. chosen in2" way,,
(i) when one 50 pabc coin and five 25 paL<e coins are :. P nd Q can be chosen in (2" X2") = 4"
cho:,en.
(ii) "hc'!l two 50 paise coin; and three 25 paise coins ..-e Suppose I' contains relements. where r varies from 0 ton.
cbo,c'll. Then, P can b-e chosen in "- . way"- for 0 to be disjnint
from A, ftshn11ld be chosen from the ,er of all subscls of
 set consisting of remaining (n- r) elements. This can be
done in 2'- ' ways.
Therefore.
'" '
l00 2
P and Qcan be cho<en in "c, 2"-' ways. Again let N 2 denme the occurrence of non-defective bulb
But. rcan vary 0 ton. in lind draw.
tollil number of Jiojllint sets!' and Q aJe
1l10refore,
"
= I. "c,z-' =(1+2)" =3'
=0 Now D1 is independent with N 1and D, is independent
with N, according 10 the given condition.
Hence, required probobiluy = - , -)
,,'" ['Y
' A - {the first bulb is defective}
={D1D2, N1N2J
14. Let 1, E 2, E 3 and A be the events defined as

om
B = {the wcnnd hulh is non-defective)
1 -4 The examinee guesses the answer.
2 ->l11e examinee copies the anwer. ={D1N 2,N1N,}
1 -4 The examinee knows the answer. andC ={the two bulbs ore boti1 defecti>e)
and A -4 The examir.ee answer correctly. ={D,D, N 1 N 2 }
We have, Again we know that

.c
P(l:."1 ) =j,
An B = {D1N 2}, B nC = {N 1N 2}.
c n {D,D,.J m\d An B nc =4>
Siocc, 1, E,. 1 arc m.rtu..Jly exclusive and exna...tive Also,

ce
evrnt:l. "' P(D1)I'(D2) + f'(IJ 1)l'(N 2 )
!'(1) + P( 2 ) + P(1 ) =!
=> . .3 ) =1----=-
Pt/:. ' '' ,[ll[lHmH
''
ra
; Similarly. P(B) =.!_and P(C)= l
If E 1 has already occure.:l, then the examinee guesses.
Since. !here are four chnices out of which only one is
correct, therefore the probability that he answer correctly Also. P(A nB}=P(IJ1N 2 ) =P(D1)P(N1 ) ' '
m
given thai he has made agucs.s is 114 i.e .
P(AiE 1)=.!_
,lllGH

=i;'
xa

Similarly, P(B n
It is given thm i'(A i 2)
and P(AnBnC)=O.
and P(A IE,)= Probability that he answer correct!} Since, P(A n B) P(B nC) =P(B)P(C)
given that he kno" the answer = I. P(C n A)=
.e

and
By Baye's theorem. we haoe Therefore A, B and C are p<lirwise independ..,t. Also,
P(E, I A)= P(E1 )P(A I 1 ) P(AnHnC)
P(/:." 1) f'(AIE 1)+P(E 2)P(AIE2)
w

"i'P(A)P(B)P(C) therefore A, B and C cannot bo

+P(E,)P(AIE,) independent.
16. Lct E be tile cventthal product of the two digit is 18.
w

therefore required no. are 29, 36, 63, and 92.

Hence p- P(E)- ...._and pmbaOility of non-oc<;urroncc
wo
w

Let D 1 denote the occurrence of a defective bulb in 1st ofEis

draw. ' 00
q=I-P()=1--o-
Theretbre, 100 )(){)
Out of the four numbers selected. the probability tOa! the
and let D2 denote tho occurrence of a defective bulb in evelll E occurs m least 3 times. is 1>iver1""
lind draw.
r 'c 1 p'q + 'c4 p 4
Therefore, P(IJ2 )= -=-
'" 2'

;s
100 7
!!nd let IV 1 denote !he occurrence of non-defective bulb in
1st d"w.
 4 :!11!
17- F, be the event noted numbe r is 7 12!
2!
E, bo the event noted numbe ri<
H be getting head on Hence , the probab ility of the required '"'""''
T be getting tad on coin
12! I
-- -
7.13! 91
By law of Total Proba bility,
P (E,) {H)! ' (E, I !I)+ P (T)P {E, IT) 19. (a) Probab ility of S 1 to be among the eigllt winne rs=
P (E2 I H) +f'(T )- P (E 2 1 T) (Proba bility of S1 being a pair j x (Probability of s,
and P (E,)
winnin g in the group) .
where P (H) = P {T)
P(E, IH)
' [:S, isdeli nitely inagro up}
= ProbabL1ity of getting a sum of 7 on two dice. (_b) lfS, and 's, are in the pair then exactly one
Here favou rable" """' are {(1,6), {6, 1), (2, S), (5.2), wins.

om
(3,4).( 4,3)) lfS, and are in two pair.; separa lely then exactly one
P( 1 /H) --=- , ' of s, and S 2 will be among the eight winners. lfS 1 wins
and S 2 loses or S 1 lm;es and "'ins. s,
;< '
alsoP {E, IT) Now thepro babillt y ofS,, S:: being in the same pau
=Probability of getting 7 numbe red card om of 11 cards and one wins.

.c
= (Probability of S,, being tile same pair) s,
-
n' x (Proba bjjjl) of anyone winning in the pair)-
s,

ce
P{E 2 1H) And the probab ility nf S 1. being tho: ,.,,. pair
= Pr<Jbability of getting a sum of 8 on two dice, here
favour able ca:ses are n{S)
{(2, 6), (6, 2). ( 4, 4), (5, 3), (3, 5)} where 11 (Ej numbe r of ways in which 16 person s
;
ra
P (E. I H)= - can be divide d in 8 pairs.
" 36 6
n(E)- (I 4 J' andn{ S)= (l )!
P (E, IT)= Probab ility of getting '8' numbe red card
(2!) 8 8!
m
out of 11 cards
.'.Prob ability of S, and 5 2 being in the same pair
= 1111 8
(2!) -8! I
P ( 1) =
1
(.!x ]>(_!2 x- ]=___!__12 + 22 =_12_ ___!__
xa

2 G 13211 (2!)' 15

!' (E,) =(i )+(ix fl

X j6 = The Probabilil} of any one w;ning ln the pair.; of
s,, S 2 = P (certain 1

NOw, F., and E 2 are mutua lly exclus ive events . _The pairs ofS,, S, being in two pairs separa tely and
.e

S 1 wins, S 2 loses + The probability of S 1. S, being in

Theref ore
17 91 193 two pairs scporntoly and 5 1 loses, S 1 wins.
P (E,or 2 ) = P ( 11 +P {F 2 ) = - + - - =--
""' \I ( '"' I
w

- 132 792 792

1- (2!)' 7! x 1
i
I (21)'
18. We have 14 seat< in two 'ans. And there are 9 t>oys and] =
(16)! '2 2 (16)! 2 2
gtrb. The no. of ways ofarrru 1ging 12 people on 14 seats
w

Without reotriction i, l (2!)' 8! (2!)' 8'

"P
=-X-
l 14x (14)!
-- -
7
L2 2!
w

2 15x(l 4)' 15
Now the no. of Wa} s of choosi ng back seats is 2. . d" ... -,. 1 ] 8
:. Rcqmr e
And the no. of ways uf arrang ing 3 girl on adj'>Cent seats 15 15 15
is And the no. of ways of arrang ing 9 tloys on the 20. The require<! probab ility =I - (proba bility of !he event
11
remain ing 11 seals !s ['9 _ that the roots ofx' +ill+ q =Oare non-real).
T11erefore, the require d nwnbe r of way, and the roots of x + ill +'I = 0 will be non--real if and
p9 2
only if p)- 4<]< Q i.e., if p < 4q