Volume 2, Issue 10, October 2017 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No: - 2456 2165

Design and Optimisation of 3 Axis CNC Wood

Carving Machine
Sanjeev Prakash.M , Santhosh.C , Sri Hari.S.J
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College

Abstract:-As a result of rapid growth in technology and The mechanism helps in converting the rotary motion into
industrialization, the utilization of CNC machines in linear motion. [3].
industries has increased. The fabrication of low-cost
CNC machines is used to reduce the cost and complexity Flat-bed plotters of this type are used for drawing, cutting,
of machining. This paper deals with the design of a milling or similar operations, with the appropriate tools
three-axis CNC operated wood carving machine. The being set in the tool holder. In flatbed, a beam-shaped tool
idea behind this project is to carve complex profiles on carriage having opposite ends and movable in a first
wood in low cost by using micro-controller. The coordinate direction; a tool holder slides disposed on said
microcontroller converts the profile into G codes which tool carriage and movable in a second coordinate direction
instruct the stepper motors to rotate. Due to its low cost orthogonal to said first direction [4],[5].
and ease of use, no technical knowledge is required to
operate the wood carving machine. The basic mechanism of operating a 2-dimensional plotter,
the device has ten pulleys, six cables, two rails, and a stylus.
I. INTRODUCTION Pulley 1 connects to pulley 2 via a short infinite
reciprocating cable. Pulley 2 connects to 3 via a longer
Wood carving involves various techniques of removing reciprocating cable attached along its upper course to one
wood from a raw material and finishing it into a carved end of the vertical rail (6), and then a third cable runs from 2
object. This involves various traditional carving tools such to 3, 4, and 5 via another much longer loop of cable between
as achisel, gouge, knife, and hammers. 4 and 5 to the other end of the vertical rail. Likewise, A
connects to B, B connects to C and attaches to the horizontal
Wood carving system is used to engrave the wooden rail (F), and finally B connects to C, D, and E, attaching to F
particles. It is difficult to carve complex profile manually, so at its other end between D and E. Turning pulley 1
woodcarving system is introduced. Wood carving system is counterclockwise makes 2 rotate the same way, and this
designed at low cost so that all the carpenters can afford it. makes all pulleys connected to 2 (3, 4, and 5) do the same.
The rail these cables connect to (6, connection points
Wood carving tool (router) is guided with a jig. It uses two- marked in red) move to the left, both at ends, making the
axis to create geometry. The supporting column guides the stylus move in the same direction along the other rail (F).
tool in alinear direction. The system is operated by using Clockwise movement of the first pulley has the opposite
stepper motors integrated with amicrocontroller. It differs effect. Pulleys A-E operate the same as 1-5 and act on the
from the traditional wood carving system as it uses a string horizontal rail (F) to slide the stylus up and down along the
to drive the tool. The required drawing or pattern is drawn vertical one (6) [6].
with CAD software. G codes are generated according to the
pattern by using CAM software. B. According to Woodcarver And Engraver Comprising

II. LITERATURE SURVEY The cutting or carving tool utilized is a conventional hand-
held power router, which is mounted to the unit [7], [8], [9].
A. According to the x-Y Plotter System.
The object of this paper is to provide a simple fixture for
By moving the first belt, the arm is moved along the length positioning and guiding a hand-held router around a
of the first belt or in the X-direction. By moving the second stationary wooden workpiece in order to create anengraving
belt the firstbelt is keptstationary and the carriage is moved of variable depths and widths which may be consistently
along the length of the arm in the Y-direction [1]. repeated within a particular workpiece or between various
workpieces [10], [11].
When the XY table is moved in X direction, Y direction
isnormal to the X direction. [2]. This paper deals with aworker who will allow a relatively
unskilled operator to efficiently, effectively and rapidly

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Volume 2, Issue 10, October 2017 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No: - 2456 2165

produce a great number of engravings of consistent quality Economically, a simple clamping is enough for the
and with a minimum of error [12]. workpiece while machining the wood [10], [11].

The developed mathematical model and computational IV. CONSTRUCTION

procedure allow for significant reduction of theprocessing
time of CNC routing operation of solid wood. In turn, when It consists of shaft, pulleys, cutting tool, rope, stepper
milling, the only active constraint is surface finish. motors and microcontroller. The cutting tool is attachedto a
Generally, application of variable feed rate for wood routing linear arm. This attachment is mounted on a bracket to move
is essential to gain high productivity and to take full in the linear direction. The sliding mechanism is used to
advantage of machine capabilities [13]. achieve the linear motion. The vertical motion and
horizontal motion is achieved by mounting the pulleys in a
By using Linear Motion Guideway, a high accuracy & loop system. The motor bracket is attached to thestepper
precision motion can be obtained. It has various advantages motor in order to provide continuous rotation. The carving
like easy installation, operation, installation, long life with tool utilized is a conventional hand-held power router,
high accuracy and high positional accuracy [14]. which is mounted to the unit.The sliding bars are used to
guide the axis movement. The string attached to the sliding
The Linear Motion Guide ways provide a smooth and linear bars helps in moving the setup. The axis movement is
motion in machine tools, due to which higher accuracy and achieved according to the number of rotations of driver
precision can be obtained [15]. pulley. Two sliding bars are used to achieve x and y-axis
movements. The cutting tool is fixed in the center to
Small-scale parts are fabricated using small machine
machine the wood according to the required profile.
toolswhich provide both flexibility and efficiency in
manufacturing approaches and reducesthe capital cost,
which is beneficial for small business owners [16].

G codes insist the stepper motor rotate or stop the process

whenever needed. Making a small machine brings a
flexibility to do the work [17].

This is a low-cost project as compared to other CNC

product. The machine is designed with a very simple
construction scheme and can be carried anywhere without
much effort. The algorithm used is simple. The pen can be
replaced with a pinhead or laser head or any other tool for
thedifferent purpose of use [18].

In this paper, a low-cost, desktop prototype 3-axis vertical

CNC mill is developed. Open source microcontroller
platform Arduino is used for control of the motors, and open
source software is used for executing the G code and M
code for machining applications [19].

In this paper, the three-axis motion is controlled by Arduino

Uno board with Atmega [9] 328p microcontroller. The
Arduino works here as an open source burner which burns
the microcontroller with given hex codes [20].

III. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

From the above literature survey we found that:

According to the journal, sliding motion achieved by

using thelead screw is costlier [2].
Under the basic two-dimensional plotting mechanisms,
belts are not friendly to use [3].
Using linear motion guide ways increase the
manufacturing cost [14].
Instead of using guide ways,a shaft with sliding
mechanism is more convenient to provide the linear
motion [15].

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Volume 2, Issue 10, October 2017 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No: - 2456 2165

V. WORK AREA expenses. The carving of names can be done only by a CNC.
By using manual wood carving machine the carpenter need
not go for Computer Numeric Control.

REFERENCE

[1]. Mamoru Zennyoji, Tochigi-ken, X-Y CARRIAGE

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Volume 2, Issue 10, October 2017 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No: - 2456 2165

[17]. M.Bhavani, V.Jerome, P.Lenin Raja, B.Vignesh,

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