1.

PHYSICAL QUANTITY, UNITS AND DIMENSIONS

Physical quantity: A quantity that can be measured by instrument, clearly defined and has proper units is
called physical quantity. Physical quantities are classified as fundamental and derived quantities.
Fundamental units: The physical quantity which does not depend on any other physical quantity is called a
fundamental physical quantity such as length; mass and time are called fundamental units.
Derived units: The units that can be obtained from fundamental units are called derived units.
System of units:
There are three systems of units.
Name of system Fundamental unit of
Length Mass Time
F.P.S. Foot Pound Second
C.G.S. Centimetre Gram Second
M.K.S. (S.I.) Meter Kilogram Second
In physics SI system is based on seven fundamental and two supplementary units.
(i) Fundamental units:
S.No. Basic Physics Fundamental Unit Symbol
1. Mass kilogram kg
2. Length meter m
3. Time second s
4. Electric current ampere A
5. Temperature Kelvin or Celsius K or C
6. Luminous intensity candela Cd
7. Quantity of matter mole Mol

(ii) Supplementary units:

S.No. Supplementary Physical Quantities Supplementary unit Symbol
1. Plane angle Radian rad
2. Solid Angle Steradian sr

Unit & Dimensions & Vectors

DEFINITIONS OF BASE UNITS:

(i) Meter:
The currently accepted definition of meter is the length of path travelled by light in vacuum in 1/299,792,458 th
second.

(ii) Kilogram:

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Kilogram is the fundamental unit of mass. It is defined as the mass of a specific cylinder of platinum - iridium
kept at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures in Paris.
.
(iii) Second:
Second is the fundamental unit of time. It is defined as 86,400th part of a mean solar day. Second is accurately
measured by an atomic clock.

(iv) Coulomb:
Coulomb is the fundamental unit of charge. It is defined as the charge required to obtain 9109 Newton of
force between two equal charges separated at a distance of one meter in vacuum.

(v) Candle:
Candle is the fundamental unit of luminous intensity. It is defined as luminous intensity observed from a
source of monochromatic light of frequency 5401012 Hz, that has an intensity of 1/683 watt per steradian.

(vi) Kelvin:
Kelvin is the fundamental unit of temperature. It has value of zero where the molecular activity of gases
cease.

(vii) Mole:
Mole is the fundamental unit of quantity of matter. It is defined as amount of substance of a system that
contains as many elementary particle as there are in 0.012 kg of carbon-12 (C-12).
1.1 BASIC PHYSICAL QUANTITIES
PHYSICAL QUANTITY SYMBOL DIMENSION MEASUREMENT UNIT UNIT

Length s L Meter m
Mass M M Kilogram Kg
Time t T Second Sec
Electric charge q Q Coulomb C
luminous intensity I C Candela Cd
o
Temperature T K Kelvin K
Angle none Radian None

Mechanical Physical Quantities (derived)

PHYSICAL QUANTITY SYMBOL DIMENSION MEASURMENT (in SI) UNIT
EQUATION

Area A L2 square meter m2

Volume V L3 cubic meter m3

velocity v L/T meter per second m/sec

angular velocity 1/T radians per second 1/sec

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acceleration a L/T2 meter per square second m/sec2

angular acceleration 1/T2 radians per square 1/sec2

second
Force F ML/T2 Newton Kg m/sec2

Energy E ML2/T2 Joule Kg m2/sec2

Work W ML2/T2 Joule Kg m2/sec2

Heat Q ML2/T2 Joule Kg m2/sec2

Torque ML2/T2 Newton meter Kg m2/sec2

Power P ML2/T3 watt or joule/sec Kg m2/sec3

Density D or M/L3 kilogram per Kg/m3

cubic meter
pressure P ML-1/T2 Newton per square meter Kg m-1/sec2

impulse p ML/T Newton second Kg m/sec

Inertia I ML2 Kilogram square meter Kg m2

luminous C lumen (4Pi candle for point cd sr

flux source)
illumination E C/L2 lumen per cd sr/m2
square meter
entropy S ML2/T2K joule per degree Kg m2/sec2K

Volume Q L3/T cubic meter m3/sec

rate of flow per second
kinematic L2/T square meter m2/sec
viscosity per second
dynamic M/LT Newton second Kg/m sec
viscosity per square meter
specific M/L2 T2 Newton Kg m-2/sec2
weight per cubic meter
Electrical Physical Quantities (derived)
Electric I Q/T Ampere C/sec
current
emf, voltage, E ML2 /T2 Q Volt Kg m2/sec2C
potential
resistance or R ML2 /TQ2 ohm Kgm2 /secC2
impedance
Electric TQ2 /M2L2 mho secC2/Kg m3

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conductivity
capacitance C T2 Q2 /ML2 Farad sec2C2/Kgm2

inductance L ML2 /Q2 Henry Kg m2 /C2

Current density J Q/TL2 ampere per C/sec m2

square meter
Charge density Q/L3 coulomb per cubic meter C/m3

magnetic flux, B M/TQ weber per Kg/sec C

Magnetic induction square meter

magnetic H Q/LT ampere per meter C/m sec

intensity
magnetic vector A ML/TQ weber/meter Kg m/sec C
potential
Electric E ML/T2 Q volt/meter or Kg m/sec2 C
field intensity newton/coulomb
Electric displacement D Q/L2 coulomb per square meter C/m2
permeability ML/Q2 henry per meter Kg m/C2

permittivity, T2Q2/ML3 farad per meter sec2C2/Kgm3

dielectric constant K M0L0T0 None None
frequency f or 1/T Hertz sec-1

angular frequency 1/T radians per second sec-1

Wave length L Meters M

2. APPLICATIONS OF DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS

(i) To find the unit of a physical quantity
Example-1 G = [M-1L3T-2]. Its SI unit is m3kg-1s-2 or Nm2kg-2.
(ii) To convert a physical quantity from one system of units to another system of
units
n1u1 = n2u2 (1)
( Where ni and ui are numerical constant unit and dimension in a particular system)

Example-2 Let us convert value of g (i.e. 9.8 m/s2) from SI system to CGS system
From eq. no. 1 [ n1u1]in SI = [n2u2]in CGS
[u1 ]in SI
[n2]CGS = [n1 ]in SI
[u2 ]in CGS

L1 T1-2
= n1 -2
L2
T2

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 1m 1sec -2
= 9.8 m/sec2
1cm
1 sec -2
100cm
1sec -2
= 9.8
1cm 1 sec -2

= 980

(iii) To check the correctness of a given physical relation

Based on principle of homogeneity, the dimensions on two sides must be same for a given relation.

Example-3 Check dimensionally

mv 2
F= where,[F ] = [MLT - 2 ];[v ] = [LT -1] Therefore, LHS = [MLT - 2 ]
r
[M ][LT -1 ]2
RHS = = [MLT -2 ]
L
If dimensions are same on both sides then the relation is dimensionally correct otherwise incorrect.

(iv) To derive a relation

Example-4 Derive Plancks length in terms of G, c and h, where G is gravitation constant, c velocity
of light and h is plank constant.
L= f(G, c, h), L = KGxcyhz
[L] = [M-1L3T2]x [LT-2]y [ML2T-1]z
-x + y = 0, 3x + y + 2z = 1 and 2x y z = 0
1 -3 1
x= ,y = and z =
2 2 2
Gh
Thus, L = K
C3
If K = 1 then L - 10-35 m.
The importance of Planks length is yet to be established.

Limitations of dimensional Analysis:

(i) The dimensional analysis cannot be applied to derive relations other than product of power functions,
for example, s = ut + 1at2 or y = y0 cos t and so on, cannot be derived directly.
2

(ii) The dimensional analysis cannot be applied to derive those relations that involve more than 3
unknowns, however, we can use them to check the correctness of a relation even if variables are more
than 3.

(iii) Even if a physical quantity depends upon 3 quantities, out of which two have same dimension then
dimensional analysis cannot be applied to derive such a formula but can be used to check the relation.

(iv) Numerical constants, trigonometric ratios and ratios which are dimensionless cannot be derived.

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 Physical quantities having same dimensions may not be the same. For example [ML 2T-2] is a
dimensional relation for torque as well as work or energy.

3. CONVERSION FACTORS
(i) 1 A.U = 1.4961011m
(ii) 1X-ray unit = 10-13m
(iii) 1foot = 30.48 cm
(iv) 1Chandra Shekhar limit (CSL) = 1.4 times the mass of sun
(v) 1 metric Ton = 1000kg
(vi) 1pound = 0.4537kg
(vii) 1 atomic mass unit (a.m.u) = 1.67 10-27kg
(viii) 1shake = 10-8kg
(ix) 1 year = 365.25d = 3.156107s
(x) 1 carat = 200mg
(xi) 1 bar = 0.1 M Pa = 105Pa
(xii) 1curie = 3.71010s-1
(xiii) 1 roentgen = 2.58 10-4 C/kg
(xiv) 1quintal = 100kg
(xv) 1barn = 10-28m2
(xvi) 1standard atmospheric pressure = 1.013105 Pa or N/m2
(xvii) 1mm of Hg = 133N/m2
(xviii) 1horse power = 746w
(xix) Gas constant, R = 8.36j/mol k = 8.3610-7erg/mol k = 2cal/mol
(xx) 1 Weber = 108 maxwell
(xxi) 1 tesla = 1wb/m2 = 104 gauss
(xxii) 1amp turn/meter = 410-3 oersted
(xxiii) 1electron volt (eV) = 1.6 10-19J
(xxiv) 1calorie = 4.19J
(xxv) 1watt-hour = 3.6 103J

Example-5 The density of water is equal to

Solution: Ideally speaking, the examiner should specify the temperature in this question. This is
because the density of water varies with temperature. It is maximum (10 3 kg m-3) at 4C.

Example-6 One atmospheric pressure is equal to

Solution: 1 atmospheric pressure = 76 cm of Hg
= 76 13.6 981 dyne cm-2
= 1.01 106 dyne cm-2 = 1.01 105 N m-2

1
Example-7 If C is the capacity and R is the resistance, then the dimensional formula of is
CR
Solution:(B) CR is time constant of CR circuit.

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4. EXPERIMENTS BASED ON VERNIER CALIPERS & SCREW GAUGE
A meter scale can measure accurately up to onetenth part of one cm. Its least measurement 0.1 cm, is called
least count of scale. There is limitation of meter scale that the meter scale cannot measure the value less than
0.1 cm. For greater accuracy measurement we have devices such as,
(i) Vernier Callipers

(ii) Screw Gauge

(i) Vernier Callipers: A vernier callipers provides with an auxiliary (or vernier) scale in addition to the main
scale. The vernier scale can slide along the main scale. The vernier scale is so graduated (or marked) that the
length of total number of divisions on it is smaller by length of one division on main scale.
The least count of vernier scale is calculated by using the following formula
value of 1 main scale division
Least count of vernier scale (or vernier constant)=
Total number of division on vernier scale n
or
Least count (vernier constant) = 1 M.S.D.(Main scale division) 1 V.S.D.(vernier scale division).

Example-8 If N division of vernier coincides with (N 1) division of main scale. Given one main scale
division is equal to a unit, find the least count of the vernier.
N - 1 a
Solution: 1-
Vernier constant = 1MSD 1VSD = MSD = ,
N N
Generally, the value of 1 main scale division on vernier callipers is 0.1 cm and there are 10 divisions
on the vernier scale, i.e., x = 0.1 cm and n = 10.
0.1 cm
Least count of vernier callipers = = 0.01 cm.
10

Zero error of vernier callipers: If the zero marking of main scale and vernier callipers does not coincide,
necessary correction has to be made for this error which is known as zero error of the instrument. If the zero
error of the vernier scale is to the right of the zero of the main scale the zero error is said to be positive & the
correction will be negative otherwise vice versa.

(ii) Screw gauge:

Pitch
Least count =
Total number of division n on the circular scale
Zero error of screw gauge: In a perfect instrument the zeros of the main scale and circular scale coincides
with each other, In this condition screw gauge has zero-error, otherwise the instrument is said to have zero-
error which is equal to the cap reading with the gap closed. This error is positive when zero line or reference
line of the cap lies above the line of graduation and corresponding corrections will be just opposite otherwise
vice-versa.

Example-9 What will be the measurement of following screw gauge position?

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 5
0 5
0
45
40

Solution: Reading = Main scale reading + Number of circular scale division(or screw gauge
reading)least count
3mm + 45 0.01mm = 3.45 mm

Example-10 What will be the measurement of following screw gauge position?

25
0 5
20
15
10

Solution: Reading = Main scale reading + Number of circular scale division(or screw gauge
reading)least count
5.5mm + 16 0.01mm = 5.66 mm

OBJECTIVE

1. Which of the following sets cannot enter into the list of fundamental quantities in any system of
units?
(A) length, time and mass (B) mass, time and velocity
(C) length, time and velocity (D) gravitational constant
Solution:(C) Since velocity is derivable from length and time therefore it cannot be grouped with length
and time as fundamental quantity.

2. Sleman is S.I unit for

(A) Specific-Conductance (B) Inductance
(C) Capacitance (D) Pressure
Solution 2: (A)

3. A science student takes 100 observations in an experiment. Second time he takes 500 observations in
the same experiment. By doing so the possible error becomes
(A) 5 times (B) 1/5 times
(C) Unchanged (D) None of these
Solution 3: (B) (1/5 times)

4. The unit of surface energy per unit area may be expressed

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 (A) Nm2 (B) Nm1
(C) Nm (D) Nm2
Solution 4: (B) Surface energy per unit
Energy
Surface energy per unit area =
Area
Force displacement
=
Area
N m
2
= Nm-1
m

5. Density of a liquid is 13.6 gcm3. Its value in SI units is

(A) 136.0kgm3 (B) 13600kgm3
(C) 13.60kgm3 (D) 1.360kgm3
Solution 5: (B) Density = 13.6 g cm3
13.6 10 -3 kg
=
(10-2 m)3
= 13600 kg m3 [Q 1 g = 103 kg, 1 cm = 102 m]

6. If the size of a unit be represented by k and is numerical value as n, then

1
(A) nk (B) n
k
1
(C) n k2 (D) n
k
Solution:(B) Value = nk. Since value is fixed therefore nk = constant.

7. The SI unit of the universal gas constant R is

(A) Erg K1 MOL1 (B) Watt K-1 MOL-1
(C) Newton-1 MOL-1 (D) Jule1 MOL1
Joule
Solution 7: (B)
(mol - k)

8. The maximum error in the measurement of mass and density of the cube are 3% and 9% respectively.
The maximum error in the measurement of length will be
(A) 9% (B) 3%
(C) 4% (D) 2%
Mass(M) M
Solution 8: (C) Density = = =
Volume(V) V
M
V=

M
l3 =

Max. fractional error

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 3Dl DM D
= +
l M
Percentage error
3D
% = 3% + 9%
l
Dl 12
%= %
l 3
Dl
%= 4 %
l

9. The SI unit of electrochemical equivalent is

(A) kg C (B) C kg-1
(C) kg C-1 (D) kg2C-1
m
Solution:(C) According to Faraday's first law of electrolysis, m = ZQ or Z = . So, SI unit of Z is kg C-1
Q

10. Which of the following has a dimensional constant

(A) Refractive index (B) Passions ratio
(C) Relative velocity (D) Gravitation of constant
Solution 10: (D) All of physical quantity has no dimension except gravitational force so correct.

11. The dimensions of surface tension length are

(A) ML0T-2 (B) MLT-2
(C) ML-1T2 (D) ML2T2
Solution 11: (B) ML T L= MLT
0 2 -2

12 Pick the odd man out

(A) Weight (B) Thrust
(C) Electromotive force (D) Force
Solution 12: (C)

13 Dimension formula for luminous flux is

(A) ML2T-2 (B) ML2T-3
(C) ML2T1 (D) None of these
Solution 13: (D)

x2w
14. If w, x, y and z are mass, length, time and current respectively, then has dimensional formula
y3 z
same as
(A) electric potential (B) capacitance
(C) electric field (D) permittivity

Sol. : (A)
x 2 w ML2
3 = 3
y z T A

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 x 3 w ML2T -2 [Work]
3 = =
y z AT [Charge]
y 3 w [Work]
3 = = [Potential]
y z [Charge]

15. MLT-1 T-1 are the dimension of

(A) Power (B) Momentum
(C) Force (D) Couple
Solution 15: (C)
16. The unit of impulse is the same as that of
(A) Moment of force (B) Linear momentum
(C) Rate of change of linear momentum (D) Force
Solution 16: (B) Impulse = Force time
= MLT2 T
= MLT1
i.e. Dimension of linear momentum

17. The dimensions of capacitance are

(A) M-1L-2TI2 (B) M-1L-2T2I-2
(C) ML-2T-2I-1 (D) M-1L-2T4I2
Q
Solution 17: (D) C =
V
Q Q2 T 2 T2 2
C= = = I
W / Q W T 2 W 2
T 2I2
=
ML2T -2
= M1L2T4I2

18. The dimension of angular momentum length are

(A) MLT-1 (B) ML3T-1
-1
(C) ML T (D) ML0T-2
Solution 18: (B) ML3T1

19. The SI unit of the universal gas constant R is

(A) erg K-1mol-1 (B) watt K-1mol-1
(C) newton K-1mol-1 (D) joule K-1mol-1
Solution 19: (D)

20. The dimension of planks are the same as those of

(A) energy (B) power
(C) angular frequency (D) angular momentum
Solution 20: (D) E = h
E
Planks constant h =

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 ML2T -2
Dimension of (h) =
1/ T
h = ML2T1
Dimension of angular momentum = ML2T1

21. The volume V of water passing any point of a uniform tube during t seconds is related to the cross-
sectional area A of the tube and velocity u of water by the relation
V Aut
Which one of the following will be true?
(A) == (B) =
(C) = (D)
Solution 21: (B) V = k. D u t
L3 = k (L2). (LT1). (T)
L3 = k . L(2 + ) T +
2 + = 3
+ = 0
= , 2 + = 3
so are can conclude that
=

22. Which one of the following relations is dimensionally consistent where h is height to which a liquid
of density rises in a capillary tube of radius, r, T is the surface ension of the liquid, the angle of
contact and g the acceleration due to gravity
2T cos 2Tr
(A) h= (B) h=
r g g cos
2 g cos 2Tr g
(C) h= (D) h=
2Tr cos
Solution 22: (A)

23 The dimension of calories are

(A) ML2T-2 (B) MLT-2
(C) ML2T1 (D) ML2T-1
Solution 23: (A) Calories is unit of energy so dimension of calories is = ML 2T2

24. The dimension of potential difference length are

(A) ML3T-3I-1 (B) MLT-2I-1
2 -2
(C) ML T I (D) MLT-2I
work ML2 T -2
length = L
Solution 24: (A) V = charge Q T
T ( )
3 3 1
= ML T I

25. What is the power of a 100 W bulb in cgs units?

(A) 106 erg/s (B) 107 erg/s
9
(C) 10 erg/s (D) 1011 erg/s

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Solution:(C) 100 W = 100 J s-1= 100 107 ergs-1.

Dv
26. A quantity X is given by 0l , where 0 is the permittivity of free space, l is the length, Dv is a
Dt
potential difference and Dt is a interval. The dimensional formula for X is the same as that of
(A) Resistance (B) Charge
(C) Voltage (D) Current

Solution: (D) x = 0l
Dv C2
= 2 M
( N M) C = C = That isunit of current
Dt M N sec sec

27. Let (0) denote the dimensional formula for the permittivity of the vacuum, and (0) that of the
permeability of the vacuum. If M = mass, L = length, T = time and A = electric current
(A) [0] =[M1L3T2A] (B) [0] = [ML3T4A2]
(C) [0] = [MLT2A2] (D) [0] = [M 1L3T2A]
Solution: (B)

e2
28. The dimensions of are
2 0 (hc )
(A) (A2L3T4M4) (B) (A2T4L3M)
(C) (A0M0L0T0) (D) (AT2L3M1)
C2
Solution: (C) 2
C (N m2 ) Joule secmeter sec -1

29. Density of liquid is 15.7 g cm-3. Its value in the International System of Units is
(A) 15.7 kg m-3 (B) 157 kg m-3
(C) 1570 kg m-3 (D) 15700 kg m-3
Solution:(D) 15.7 g cm = 15.7 10 kg(10 m) = 15700 kg m-3
-3 -3 -2 -3

30. On the basis of dimensional equation, the maximum number of unknown that can be found is
(A) One (B) Two
(C) Three (D) Four
Solution: (C)

31. If v stands for velocity of sound, E is elasticity and d the density, then find x in the equation v =
x
d
E

(A) 1 (B)
(C) 2 (D)
x
d
Solution: (D) V =
E
( ML )
x
-3

LT1 =
( MLT )
x
-2
/ L2

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 LT1 = L3x + x T2x
1 = 2x
1
x= -
2

32. The dimension of 0E2 (0 is permittivity of free space and E is electric field) are
(A) MLT-1 (B) ML2T-2
-1 -2
(C) ML T (D) ML2T-1
2 2
Solution: (B) Dimension of energy = ML T

33. A weber is equivalent to

(A) A m-2 (B) A m-1
(C) A m2 (D) T m-2
Solution:(D) 1 T = 1 Wb m-2

rg
34. With the usual notation, the equation tan = said to give the angle of banking is
v2
(A) Numerical correct only
(B) Dimensionally correct only
(C) Both numerical & dimensionally correct
(D) Neither numerical nor dimensionally correct
Solution: (C)

35. When light travels through glass, the refractive index is found to vary with the wavelength as =
A + B/2 , what is dimension of B ?
(A) L (B) L2
-1
(C) L (D) L-2
Solution: (B) Dimension of wavelength = L2
Dimension of refractive index = M0L0T0
Dimension of B is L2

36. The dimension of 0E2 (0 is permittivity of free space and E is electric field) are
(A) MLT-1 (B) ML2T-2
-1 -2
(C) ML T (D) ML2T-1
Solution: (B)

37. A travelling wave in a stretched string is described by the equation y = A sin (kx-t)
The dimension of k is
(A) M0L-1T0 (B) M0L0T0
(C) M0L2T0 (D) MLT-1
2
Solution: (A) k =

Dimension of k = L1

38. Dimension formula of Stefans constant

(A) ML2T-2-4 (B) ML2T-3-4

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 (C) ML0T-3-4 (D) M0LT-1
Solution: (C)

39. Of the following quantities, which one has dimensions different from the remaining three
(A) Energy per unit volume
(B) Force per unit area
(C) Product of voltage and charge per unit volume
(D) Angular momentum
Solution: (C)

40. The dimension equation for magnetic flux is

(A) ML2T-2I-1 (b) ML2T-2I-2
(C) ML-2T-2I-1 (d) ML-2T-2I-2
Solution: (A) = B. A
F MLT -2 L2
= .A=
IL [ I] [ L]
= ML2T2I1

41 The dimension of the Rydberg constant are

(A) M0L-1T (B) MLT1
(C) M0L1T0 (D) ML0T2
Solution: (C) M0L1T0

42. The pairs of physical quantities which have same dimension are
(A) Reynolds number and coefficient of friction
(B) Latent heat and gravitational potential
(C) Curie and frequency of light wave
(D) Planks constant and torque
Solution: (B)

43. In the relation x = 3yz2, x and z represent the dimensions of capacitance and magnetic induction
respectively. What will be the dimension of y
(a) M-3L-2T4Q4 (B) M2L-2T4Q4
-2 -2 4 4
(c) M L TQ (D) M-3L-2T4Q
2
Solution: (A) x = 3yz
x
dimension of y =
z2
Capici tance
=
(Magnetic induction)2
M-1L-2T 2Q2
=
(MT -1Q -1 )2
= M-3 L-2 T+4 Q4
44. A sextant is used to measure
(A) area of hill (B) height of an object
(C) breadth of a tower (D) volume of the building.

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Solution:(B) The height of a tree, building, tower, hill etc. can be determined with the help of a sextant.

45. What is the dimensional formula of coefficient of linear expansion?

(A) [ML2T-2K-1] (B) [MLT-2K-1]
0 0 -1
(C) [M L TK ] (D) [M0L0T0K-1]
lt - l0
Solution:(D) lt = l0(1 + t) or =
l0 t
46. A pressure of 106 dyne cm-2 is equivalent to
(A) 105 N m-2 (B) 104 N m-2
6 -2
(C) 10 N m (D) 107 N m-2
Solution:(A) Remember the conversion factor of 10.

47. The Vander Waals equation for a gas is (P+a/v 2)(V-b) = nRT. The ratio b/a will have the following
dimensional formula
(A) M-1L-2T2 (B) M-1L-1T-1
2 2
(C) ML T (D) MLT-2
Solution: (A) Dimension of (b) = L3
Dimension of (a) = ML5 T-2
b L3
Dimension of = = M-1L-2T 2
a 5 -2
ML T

48. If the time period of a drop of liquid of density d, radius r, vibrating under surface tension s is given
by the formula t = (d a r bs c )1/ 2 and if a = 1, c = -1, then b is
(A) 1 (B) 2
(C) 3 (D) 4
Solution: (C) T = (M L-3)a/2 Lb/2 (ML0T-2)c/2
M0L0 T = Ma/2 + c/2 L-3a/2+b/2 T-c
-3a b
+ =0
2 2
- 3 a + b =0
b=3a
b = 3 1
b=3

49. If P represents radiation pressure, C represents speed of light and Q represents radiation energy
striking a unit area per second, then the non-zero integers x, y and z, such that P xQyCz is
dimensionless are
(A) x=1, y=1, z=1 (B) x=1, y=-1, z=1
(C) x=-1,y=1,z=1 (D) x=1, y=1, z=-1
Solution: (B) M0L0T0 = Px Qy Cz
= (M L-1 T-2)x (ML2T-2)y (LT-1)z
x + y = 0 x = -y
-x + 2y +z = 0
-2x 2y z = 0
x = -y

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 - kEZ
50. In the relation P= e ,P is pressure Z is distance k is Boltzman constant and is the

temperature. The dimension formula of will be
(A) M0L2T0 (B) M1L2T-1
0 -1
(C) ML T (D) M0L2T1
z
Solution: (A) - is dimension less quantity
k
k
dimension of =
z
2 -2 -1
ML T K
= K
L
= MLT2

Dimension of is equal to dimension of pressure P


P=

MLT -2
ML1T2 =

MLT -2
=
ML-1T -2
= M0L2T0
51. Velocity v, acceleration a and force f are taken as fundamental quantities, then angular momentum
will have the dimension
(A) fv2a-2 (B) f2v2a-2
(C) fv3a-2 (D) None of these
Solution: (D) Angular momentum (L) vx ay fz
( ) ( LT ) ( MLT )
x y z
MLT2 = LT -1 -2 -2

MLT2 = Mz Lx +y + z Tx 2y 2z
1=z
1=x+y+z
2 = x 2y 2z
z = 1
x+y=0
x = y
2 = x + 2x 2
0 = x, y = 0
Angular momentum(L) = f
52. Fund the unit of acceleration time?
(A) ms1 (B) ms3
(C) ms+1 (D) ms+2

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 m
Solution: (A) Acceleration = Velocity V m
C= time = t = s = 2 s = ms -1
time S s s

53. What is the unit of current Resistance.

(A) amps (B) volt
(C) coulomb (D) farad
Solution: (B)

54. What will be equivalent energy of 5eV in joule?

(A) 8.0 1022J (B) 8.0 1019J
25
(C) 8.0 10 J (D) 8.0 1026J
Solution: (B)

55. One joule is the equivalent of ?

1 1
(A) calorie (B) calorie
5.19 4.19
1 1
(C) calorie (D) calorie
6.19 8.19
1
Solution: (B) calorie
4.19

56. Least count of screw gauge depend on ?

(A) Main scale division
(B) circular scale
(C) no. of circular scale division
(D) Main scale division & no. of circular scale division
Solution: (D)

57. Least count of vernier calipers depend on?

(A) Main scale division
(B) vernier scale
(C) no. of vernier scale division
(D) Main scale division & no. of vernier scale division
Solution: (D)

58. Least count of spherometer depend on ?

(A) Main scale division (B) circular scale
(C) no. of circular scale division
(D) Main scale division & no. of circular scale division
Solution: (D)

59. What is the dimension of angular frequency time?

(A) Dimension less (B) sec2
3
(C) sec (D) sec+1
Solution: (A)

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60. What is the dimension of wave length Frequency?
(A) M (B) LT1
(C) T (D) MT1
Solution: (B)

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