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Today's Objectives:: Mechanics, Units, Numerical Calculations & General Procedure For Analysis

P1P2 = (-4, -1, 3) The components of the vector with initial point P1(3, -2, 5) and terminal point P2(-1, -3, 8) are (-4, -1, 3).

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Mahmoud Jamal Ankeer
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58 views

Today's Objectives:: Mechanics, Units, Numerical Calculations & General Procedure For Analysis

P1P2 = (-4, -1, 3) The components of the vector with initial point P1(3, -2, 5) and terminal point P2(-1, -3, 8) are (-4, -1, 3).

Uploaded by

Mahmoud Jamal Ankeer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MECHANICS, UNITS, NUMERICAL CALCULATIONS &

GENERAL PROCEDURE FOR ANALYSIS

Todays Objectives:
Students will be able to:
In-Class activities:
a) Explain mechanics / statics.
Reading Quiz
b) Work with two types of units.
c) Round the final answer appropriately. What is Mechanics
d) Apply problem-solving strategies. System of Units
Numerical Calculations
Concept Quiz
Problem-Solving Strategy
Attention Quiz
Some Important Points
Studio course (combined lesson &
problem session)
Sessions do not require laptops
Important tools: syllabus, textbook (listed in
syllabus), pencil and paper, Web site of course
Website: http://lms.rpi.edu/
http://www.rpi.edu/dept/core-eng/
WWW/IEA
for back exams
Course format
Mini lectures
In class activities
3 mid term exams: 3x15% = 50% *
*Highest exam will be worth 20%
1 final exam: 25%
Assigned problems:
HW: 20%
CA: 5%
WHAT IS MECHANICS?

Study of what happens to a thing (the technical name is


BODY) when FORCES are applied to it.

Either the body or the forces can be large or small.


BRANCHES OF MECHANICS

M e c h a n ic s

R ig id B o d ie s D e fo r m a b le B o d ie s F lu id s
( T h in g s t h a t d o n o t c h a n g e s h a p e ) ( T h in g s t h a t d o c h a n g e s h a p e )

S t a t ic s D y n a m ic s I n c o m p r e s s ib le C o m p r e s s ib le
UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
(Section 1.3)
Four fundamental physical quantities (or dimensions).
Length
Mass
Time
Force

Newtons 2nd Law relates them: F = m * a


We use this equation to develop systems of units.
Units are arbitrary names we give to the physical quantities.
UNIT SYSTEMS
Force, mass, time and acceleration are related by Newtons
2nd law. Three of these are assigned units (called base units)
and the fourth unit is derived. Which one is derived varies by
the system of units.

We will work with two unit systems in statics:


International System (SI)
U.S. Customary (USCS)
Table 1-1 in the textbook summarizes these unit systems.
COMMON CONVERSION FACTORS

Work problems in the units given unless otherwise instructed!


THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS
(Section 1.4)

No plurals (e.g., m = 5 kg, not kgs )


Separate units with a (e.g., meter second = m s )

Most symbols are in lowercase.


Some exceptions are N, Pa, M and G.
Exponential powers apply to units, e.g., cm cm = cm2
Compound prefixes should not be used.
Table 1-3 in the textbook shows prefixes used in the SI
system
NUMERICAL CALCULATIONS
(Section 1.5)

Must have dimensional homogeneity. Dimensions have to


be the same on both sides of the equal sign, (e.g. distance =
speed time.)

Use an appropriate number of significant figures (3 for


answer, at least 4 for intermediate calculations). Why?

Be consistent when rounding off.


- greater than 5, round up (3528 3530)
- smaller than 5, round down (0.03521 0.0352)
- equal to 5, see your textbook for an explanation.
PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGY
IPE: A 3 Step Approach

1. Interpret: Read carefully and determine what is given and


what is to be found/ delivered. Ask, if not clear. If
necessary, make assumptions and indicate them.

2. Plan: Think about major steps (or a road map) that you will
take to solve a given problem. Think of
alternative/creative solutions and choose the best one.

3. Execute: Carry out your steps. Use appropriate diagrams and


equations. Estimate your answers. Avoid simple
calculation mistakes. Reflect on and then revise
your work, if necessary.
Scalar and vectors
A scalar quantity is completely described
by a magnitude (number).
-Examples: mass, density, length, speed, time,
temperature.
A vector quantity has a magnitude and
direction and obeys the parallelogram law
of addition.
-Examples: force, moment, velocity, acceleration.
Vector
Terminal point


Initial point

Direction of arrow direction of vector

Length of arrow magnitude of vector


The sum of two vectors
geometrical representation
Two vectors can be added vectorially using
the parallelogram law.
F1
R

F2
Position vector F1 so that its initial point
coincides with the initial point of F2. The
vector F1+F2 is represented by the vector R.
Vectors in rectangular coordinate
systems- two dimensional
y

(v1,v2)
V

(v1,v2) are the terminal points of vector V

V = v1 i + v2 j
The sum of two vectors analytic
representation (two dimensional )
y
(v1+w1,v2+w2)
v2 (w1,w2)
w
w2 v (v1,v2)
x
v1 w1

v + w = (v1 + w1, v2 + w2)


v + w = (v1 + w1 )i + (v2 + w2 ) j
The sum of two vectors rectangular
components (Three dimensional )
z
(a1,a2,a3)
a

y
b (b1,b2,b3)
x

a + b = (a1 + b1, a2 + b2, a3 + b3)


a + b = (a1 + b1 )i + (a2 + b2 ) j + (a3 + b3 ) k
Vectors with initial point not at the
z
origin
P1(x1 ,y1 ,z1) P2(x2 ,y2 ,z2)

w
v

x
w + P1P2 = v
P1P2 = v w
= (x2i + y2j + z2k) (x1i + y1j+ z1k)
= (x2-x1) i + (y2-y1) j + (z2-z1) k
Example
Find the components of the vector having
initial point P1 and terminal point P2

P1(-1,0,2), P2(0,-1,0)

Solution:

V = (0 + 1, -1 - 0, 0 - 2) = (1,-1,-2)
READING QUIZ

1. The subject of mechanics deals with what happens to a body


when ______ is / are applied to it.
A) a magnetic field B) heat C) forces
D) neutrons E) lasers

2. ________________ still remains the basis of most of todays


engineering sciences.
A) Newtonian Mechanics B) Relativistic Mechanics
C) Greek Mechanics C) Euclidean Mechanics
Class Assignment

Find the components of the vector having


initial point P1 and terminal point P2

P1(3, -2, 5), P2(-1, -3, 8)


ENGR-110 (IEA)
Fall-2015
CA 1 Solution

Find the components of the vector having initial point P1 and


terminal point P2:
P1 (3, -2, 5), P2 (-1, -3, 8)
P1P2 = (-1, -3, 8) - (3, -2, 5)
= (-4, -1, 3)

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