IMMARITA DINAR FAJRIYANI

02411440000105

CLASS EXERCISE WEEK 5

1. Estimating the mean life of 200 bulbs subjected to reliability test with failures in 1000-h
intervals.

Time Interval (h) Failures in the interval (nf) Number of saved bulbs (ns)
0-1000 100 200
1001-2000 40 100
2001-3000 20 60
3001-4000 15 40
4001-5000 10 25
5001-6000 8 15
6001-7000 7 7
Total (no) 200

Calculation Table
Time Interval (h) Failure Density Hazard Rate Reliability Unreliability
(f(t) x 104) (h(t) x 104) (R(t)=f(t)/h(t)) (Fe(t)=1-R(t))
0-1000 5 5.00 1 0
1001-2000 2 4.00 0.5 0.5
2001-3000 1 3.33 0.3 0.7
3001-4000 0.75 3.75 0.2 0.8
4001-5000 0.5 4.00 0.125 0.875
5001-6000 0.4 5.33 0.075 0.925
6001-7000 0.35 10.00 0.035 0.965

The plot of failure density function is shown in graph below:

Plots of Failure Density (f(t) in 10^4)

6 5
5
f(t) x 10^4

4
3 2
2 1 0.75 0.5 0.4
1 0.35
0

time interval (hours)

The plot of hazard rate function (in 104) is shown in graph below:
 IMMARITA DINAR FAJRIYANI
02411440000105

Plots of Hazard Rate (h(t) in 10^4)

12.00 10.00
10.00
h(t) x 10^4

8.00 5.33
6.00 5.00
4.00 3.33 3.75 4.00
4.00
2.00
0.00

time interval (hours)

The plot of reliability function is shown in graph below:

Plots of Reliability
1.2 1
1
0.8
0.5
R(t)

0.6
0.4 0.3
0.2 0.125
0.2 0.075 0.035
0

time interval (hours)

The plot cumulative probability function is shown in graph below:

Plots of Unreliability
1.2 0.965
0.875 0.925
1 0.8
0.8 0.7
0.5
F(t)

0.6
0.4
0.2 0
0

time interval (hours)

The procedure is explained below:

1. Make a table contains the value of the time interval, failure density (nf), and number of saved light
bulbs (ns). The ns is obtained by subtracting total component (no) to the failure light bulbs (nf)
 IMMARITA DINAR FAJRIYANI
02411440000105

=
2. Make a table contains the time interval, failure density or f(t), hazard rate or h(t), reliability or
R(t), and unreliability or F(t). Then calculate the value of each by inserting the formula.

Failure density is obtained by:

()
() =

With nf= number of failed components
no= total components
= time taken in an interval

Hazard rate is obtained by:

()
() =

With ns= number of saved components

Reliability is obtained by:

()
() =
()

And the unreliability is obtained by 1 Reliability.

3. Create 4 graphs (the plots of failure density f(t), hazard rate h(t), reliability R(t), unreliability F(t)).
Each of the graph has the same procedure to conduct. The steps to create the graph is by inserting
the value of the horizontal axes, those 4 graphs are using the time interval as the horizontal value.
Then insert the value of vertical axes with each of the value in the table (block the value in column
f(t) for the failure density graph, block the value in column h(t) for the hazard rate graph, and so
forth. These all are done by clicking Insert in excel menu, and click the Chart (bar chart) with 0 gap
width. Then add another important information, such as the Graph Title (simply by clicking at the
title and edit), add the Axes Title (for the vertical is f(t) or h(t) etc and the horizontal is Time
Interval (hours)).

2. Reliability test to estimate the mean life of fax machines reading head by subjecting 180 heads to
repeated cycles of reading.

Time Interval Failures in the interval Number of saved

(hours) (nf) component (ns)
0-150 20 180
151-300 28 160
301-450 27 132
451-600 32 105
601-750 33 73
751-900 40 40
Total (no) 180
 IMMARITA DINAR FAJRIYANI
02411440000105

The calculation table is shown below:

Time Interval Failure Density Hazard Rate Reliability Unreliability

(h) f(t) h(t) R(t)=f(t)/h(t) F(t)=1-R(t)
0-150 0.00074 0.00074 1.00 0.000
151-300 0.00104 0.00117 0.89 0.111
301-450 0.001 0.00136 0.73 0.267
451-600 0.00119 0.00203 0.58 0.417
601-750 0.00122 0.00301 0.41 0.594
751-900 0.00148 0.00667 0.22 0.778

The plot of the hazard rate function is shown below:

Plots of Hazard Rate Function

0.00667
0.00700
0.00600
0.00500
0.00400
h(t)

0.00301
0.00300 0.00203
0.00200 0.00117 0.00136
0.00074
0.00100
0.00000
0-150 151-300 301-450 451-600 601-750 751-900
time interval (hours)

The plot of the reliability function is shown below:

Plots of Reliability
1.00
1.00 0.89
0.80 0.73
0.58
0.60
R(t)

0.41
0.40
0.22
0.20
0.00
0-150 151-300 301-450 451-600 601-750 751-900
time interval (hours)

The procedure is explained below:

1. Make a table contains the value of the time interval, failure component (nf), and number of saved
light bulbs (ns). The ns is obtained by subtracting total component (no) to the failure components
(nf)
=
 IMMARITA DINAR FAJRIYANI
02411440000105

2. Make a table contains the time interval, failure density or f(t), hazard rate or h(t), reliability or
R(t), and unreliability or F(t). Then calculate the value of each by inserting the formula.

Failure density is obtained by:

()
() =

With nf= number of failed components
no= total components
= time taken in an interval

Hazard rate is obtained by:

()
() =

With ns= number of saved components

Reliability is obtained by:

()
() =
()

And the unreliability is obtained by 1 Reliability.

3. Create 2 graphs (the plots of hazard rate f(t), and reliability function R(t). Each of the graph has
the same procedure to conduct. The steps to create the graph is by inserting the value of the
horizontal axes, those 2 graphs are using the time interval as the horizontal value. Then insert the
value of vertical axes with each of the value in the table (block the value in column h(t) for the
hazard rate graph, and the value in column R(t) for the reliability graph). These all are done by
clicking Insert in excel menu, and click the Chart (bar chart) with 0 gap width. Then add another
important information, such as the Graph Title (simply by clicking at the title and edit), add the
Axes Title (for the vertical is f(t) or h(t) etc and the horizontal is Time Interval (hours)).

3. Observing 9 light bulbs with exact failure time.

i ti ti+1 F(ti)=i/10 R(ti)=(10-i)/10 f(ti)=1/(ti)(n+1) h(ti)=1/(ti)(n+1-i)

0 0 70 0 1 0.00143 0.00143
1 70 150 0.1 0.9 0.00125 0.00139
2 150 250 0.2 0.8 0.00100 0.00125
3 250 360 0.3 0.7 0.00091 0.00130
4 360 485 0.4 0.6 0.00080 0.00133
5 485 650 0.5 0.5 0.00061 0.00121
6 650 855 0.6 0.4 0.00049 0.00122
7 855 1130 0.7 0.3 0.00036 0.00121
8 1130 1540 0.8 0.2 0.00024 0.00122
9 1540 - 0.9 0.1 - -
 IMMARITA DINAR FAJRIYANI
02411440000105

The plot of probability density function is shown below:

Plots of Probability Density Function

versus time
0.00160
0.00140
0.00120
0.00100
f(t)

0.00080
0.00060
0.00040
0.00020
0.00000
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
Time

The plot of hazard rate function is shown below:

Plots of Hazard Rate Function versus

time
0.00160
0.00140
0.00120
0.00100
h(t)

0.00080
0.00060
0.00040
0.00020
0.00000
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Time

The plot of reliability function is shown below:

Plots of Reliability Function versus

time
1.5

1
R(t)

0.5

0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
Time

The procedure is explained below:

1. Make a table contains the i (component number i=1,2,39), ti (the exact failure time of
component i), ti+1 (the exact failure time of component i+1), the unreliability or F(ti), reliability or
 IMMARITA DINAR FAJRIYANI
02411440000105

R(ti), failure density or f(ti), and hazard rate or h(ti). Calculate the reliability, unreliability, failure
density, and hazard rate by the formula:

Unreliability or F(ti) is obtained by:

( ) =
10
Where the 10 shows the i+1.
Reliability is obtained by:

10
() =
10

Failure density is obtained by:

1
( ) =
( + 1)
Hazard rate is obtained by:
1
( ) =
( + 1 )
2. Create 3 graphs using scatter plot with smooth lines. The 3 graphs are the plots of hazard rate
h(t), reliability function R(t), and probability density function or f(t). Each of the graph has the
same procedure to conduct. The steps to create the graph is by inserting the value of the
horizontal axes, those 3 graphs are using the time as the horizontal value. Then insert the value
of vertical axes with each of the value in the table (block the value in column h(t) for the hazard
rate graph, and the value in column R(t) for the reliability graph), and thus the same for f(t). These
all are done by clicking Insert in excel menu, and click the Chart and choose to click Scatter Plot
with Straight Lines. Then add another important information, such as the Graph Title (simply by
clicking at the title and edit), add the Axes Title (for the vertical is f(t), h(t) or R(t) and the horizontal
is time

4. Mechanical fatigue test conducted on 100 specimens of a new polymer. number of cycle x 105

Number of cycles Cumulative number Number of failed Number of saved

times 105 of failed specimen components components
10 35 35 100
20 59 24 65
30 72 13 41
40 84 12 28
50 93 9 16
60 100 7 7

The calculation table is shown below:

Number of cycles Failure Density Hazard Rate Reliability Unreliability

x 105 (f(t) in 104) (h(t) in 104) (R(t)=f(t)/h(t)) (F(t)=1-R(t))
10 0.0035 0.0035 1 0
 IMMARITA DINAR FAJRIYANI
02411440000105

20 0.0024 0.0037 0.65 0.35

30 0.0013 0.0032 0.41 0.59
40 0.0012 0.0043 0.28 0.72
50 0.0009 0.0056 0.16 0.84
60 0.0007 0.0100 0.07 0.93

The plot of failure density function in 104 is shown below:

Failure Density (f(t) in 10^4)

0.004 0.0035

0.003
F(T) IN 10^4

0.0024
0.002 0.0013 0.0012
0.0009 0.0007
0.001

0
10 20 30 40 50 60
NUMBER OF CYCLES X 10^5

The plot of hazard rate function in 104 is shown below:

Hazard Rate (h(t) in 10^4)

0.0120 0.0100
0.0100
H(T) IN 10^4

0.0080
0.0056
0.0060 0.0043
0.0035 0.0037 0.0032
0.0040
0.0020
0.0000
10 20 30 40 50 60
NUMBER OF CYCLES X 10^5
 IMMARITA DINAR FAJRIYANI
02411440000105

The plot reliability function in 104 is shown below:

Reliability (R(t)=f(t)/h(t))
1
1
0.8 0.65
0.6
H(T)

0.41
0.4 0.28
0.16
0.2 0.07
0
10 20 30 40 50 60
NUMBER OF CYCLES X 10^5

The plot unreliability function is shown below:

Unreliability (F(t)=1-R(t))
1 0.93
0.84
0.8 0.72
0.59
0.6
F(T)

0.35
0.4
0.2
0
0
10 20 30 40 50 60
NUMBER OF CYCLES X 10^5

The procedure is explained below:

1. Make a table contains the number of cycles x 105, cumulative number of failed specimens, number
of failed specimens (nf), and number of saved specimen (ns). The ns is obtained by subtracting
total component (no) to the failure specimens (nf)
=
2. Make a table contains the number of cycles x 105, failure density or f(t), hazard rate or h(t),
reliability or R(t), and unreliability or F(t). Then calculate the value of each by inserting the
formula.

Failure density is obtained by:

()
() =

With nf= number of failed components
no= total components
= time taken in an interval

Hazard rate is obtained by:

 IMMARITA DINAR FAJRIYANI
02411440000105

()
() =

With ns= number of saved components

Reliability is obtained by:

()
() =
()

And the unreliability is obtained by 1 Reliability.

3. Create 4 graphs (the plots of hazard rate f(t), and reliability function R(t). Each of the graph has
the same procedure to conduct. The steps to create the graph is by inserting the value of the
horizontal axes, those 2 graphs are using the number of cycles x 105 as the horizontal value. Then
insert the value of vertical axes with each of the value in the table (block the value in column h(t)
for the hazard rate graph, and the value in column R(t) for the reliability graph, and the
unreliability or F(t)). These all are done by clicking Insert in excel menu, and click the Chart (bar
chart) with nonzero gap width because the time of failure is exact, not in interval. Then add
another important information, such as the Graph Title (simply by clicking at the title and edit),
add the Axes Title (for the vertical is f(t), h(t), R(t) or F(t) and the horizontal is number of cycles x
105).