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Lecture 1 Introduction To The Failure of Engineering Materials PDF

This document discusses an introduction to engineering failure presented by Assoc. Prof. Dr. A. Andriyana. It provides examples of three engineering failures: the 1988 rupture of Aloha Airlines Flight 243 due to fatigue cracking accelerated by corrosion; the 1912 sinking of the Titanic after colliding with an iceberg when its steel hull was brittle from cold temperatures; and the 1940 collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge due to aeroelastic flutter. It also outlines common types of failure like yielding, buckling, fracture, and fatigue and different design approaches using strength of materials and fracture mechanics analyses. The key lessons from these examples are to avoid overusing components, stay above brittle temperature ranges, and be aware

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Zulfadzli Ridzuan
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453 views

Lecture 1 Introduction To The Failure of Engineering Materials PDF

This document discusses an introduction to engineering failure presented by Assoc. Prof. Dr. A. Andriyana. It provides examples of three engineering failures: the 1988 rupture of Aloha Airlines Flight 243 due to fatigue cracking accelerated by corrosion; the 1912 sinking of the Titanic after colliding with an iceberg when its steel hull was brittle from cold temperatures; and the 1940 collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge due to aeroelastic flutter. It also outlines common types of failure like yielding, buckling, fracture, and fatigue and different design approaches using strength of materials and fracture mechanics analyses. The key lessons from these examples are to avoid overusing components, stay above brittle temperature ranges, and be aware

Uploaded by

Zulfadzli Ridzuan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

2/24/2017

Lecture 1
Introduction to the Failure
of Engineering Materials

KQA 7007 / KXGB 6301 / KXGM 6310 Assoc. Prof. Dr. A. Andriyana

Failure in Service

 Very often, failure occurs to an industrial component during


its service
 Failure is inability of a component to assume its intended
function
 Major causes of failure include
 Improper design, e.g. materials selection, load estimation
 Improper processing (fabrication)
 Improper use during the service, i.e. abuse of component

KQA 7007 / KXGB 6301 / KXGM 6310 Assoc. Prof. Dr. A. Andriyana

1
2/24/2017

Example of Failure

Aircraft accident: Aloha flight 243 in 1988


(miraculously only 1 victim)
 At 24,000 ft altitude, the upper part of
the fuselage ruptured
 Spectacularly, the pilot managed to
land safely the airplane
 At that time, the aircraft experienced
89,090 take off-landing cycles, well
beyond designed lifetime (75,000
cycles)
 Investigation suggested that the main
cause of failure was fatigue crack
propagation accelerated by corrosion

Lesson learned:

KQA 7007 / KXGB 6301 / KXGM 6310 Assoc. Prof. Dr. A. Andriyana

Example of Failure

Aircraft accident: Aloha flight 243 in 1988


(miraculously only 1 victim)
 At 24,000 ft altitude, the upper part of
the fuselage ruptured
 Spectacularly, the pilot managed to
land safely the airplane
 At that time, the aircraft experienced
89,090 take off-landing cycles, well
beyond designed lifetime (75,000
cycles)
 Investigation suggested that the main
cause of failure was fatigue crack
propagation accelerated by corrosion

Lesson learned:
Do not abuse your components.!!!

KQA 7007 / KXGB 6301 / KXGM 6310 Assoc. Prof. Dr. A. Andriyana

2
2/24/2017

Example of Failure

The sinking of the unsinkable Titanic, April 1912


(1517 victims)

 The hull of the Titanic was made


up of steel having TDBT 30 C
 During the voyage to New York,
Titanic collided with an iceberg
 The sea temperature was -2C,
way below TDBT
 The hull was highly brittle during
the collision

Lesson learned:

KQA 7007 / KXGB 6301 / KXGM 6310 Assoc. Prof. Dr. A. Andriyana

Example of Failure

The sinking of the unsinkable Titanic, April 1912


(1517 victims)

 The hull of the Titanic was made


up of steel having TDBT 30 C
 During the voyage to New York,
Titanic collided with an iceberg
 The sea temperature was -2C,
way below TDBT
 The hull was highly brittle during
the collision

Lesson learned:
Stay above (TDBT).!!!

KQA 7007 / KXGB 6301 / KXGM 6310 Assoc. Prof. Dr. A. Andriyana

3
2/24/2017

Example of Failure

The collapse of Tacoma Narrows Bridge, 1940


 A 1.8 km-long suspension bridge in
Washington state, the first to use plate
girder (I profile beam) to support the
roadbed
 The main span collapsed under 64 km/hr
wind 4 months after public opening
 Investigation suggested that the main
cause of failure was aeroelastic flutter i.e.
the aerodynamic forces on an object
couple with a structure's natural mode of
vibration to produce rapid periodic
motion
Lesson learned:

KQA 7007 / KXGB 6301 / KXGM 6310 Assoc. Prof. Dr. A. Andriyana

Example of Failure

The collapse of Tacoma Narrows Bridge, 1940


 A 1.8 km-long suspension bridge in
Washington state, the first to use plate
girder (I profile beam) to support the
roadbed
 The main span collapsed under 64 km/hr
wind 4 months after public opening
 Investigation suggested that the main
cause of failure was aeroelastic flutter i.e.
the aerodynamic forces on an object
couple with a structure's natural mode of
vibration to produce rapid periodic
motion
Lesson learned:
New design produces unexpected result.!!!

KQA 7007 / KXGB 6301 / KXGM 6310 Assoc. Prof. Dr. A. Andriyana

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2/24/2017

Types of Failure

Types of failure commonly encountered


 Yielding : permanent deformation
 Buckling : excessive elastic deformation
 Fracture : component separation
 Fatigue : failure due to repeated loading
 Creep : deformation that accumulates with time
 Corrosion : loss of material due to chemical action
 Wear : surface removal due to abrasion or contact

KQA 7007 / KXGB 6301 / KXGM 6310 Assoc. Prof. Dr. A. Andriyana

Design Approach

Strength of Material
Approach
Applied Stress Yield or Tensile Strength

KQA 7007 / KXGB 6301 / KXGM 6310 Assoc. Prof. Dr. A. Andriyana

5
2/24/2017

Design Approach

Strength of Material
Approach
Applied Stress Yield or Tensile Strength

Applied Stress

Fracture Mechanics
Approach

Flaw Size Fracture Toughness

KQA 7007 / KXGB 6301 / KXGM 6310 Assoc. Prof. Dr. A. Andriyana

Why Learning Design Against Failure?

Avoid failures
 Provide general guidelines during the design, manufacturing,
maintenance and use of engineering components

Analyze failures
 Investigate the possible root causes of failure in an engineering
component during the service
 Provide recommendations so that similar failure can be
prevented in the future

KQA 7007 / KXGB 6301 / KXGM 6310 Assoc. Prof. Dr. A. Andriyana

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