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Turbine : Principle, Construction & Working: Impulse

The document discusses the differences between impulse and reaction turbines. Impulse turbines convert all hydraulic energy into kinetic energy using a nozzle, so there is no pressure change within the runner. Reaction turbines convert some hydraulic energy into kinetic energy before the fluid enters the runner, and both pressure and velocity change as the fluid passes through the runner. Examples of impulse turbines include Pelton wheels, while reaction turbines include Francis, Kaplan, and propeller turbines.

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sumeer shafiq
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66 views

Turbine : Principle, Construction & Working: Impulse

The document discusses the differences between impulse and reaction turbines. Impulse turbines convert all hydraulic energy into kinetic energy using a nozzle, so there is no pressure change within the runner. Reaction turbines convert some hydraulic energy into kinetic energy before the fluid enters the runner, and both pressure and velocity change as the fluid passes through the runner. Examples of impulse turbines include Pelton wheels, while reaction turbines include Francis, Kaplan, and propeller turbines.

Uploaded by

sumeer shafiq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Impulse Turbine: Principle, Construction & Working

The term impulse and reaction denote the basic type of turbine. The basic and
main difference between impulse and reaction turbine is that there is pressure
change in the fluid as it passes through runner of reaction turbine while in
impulse turbine there is no pressure change in the runner. In the impulse
turbine first all pressure energy of water convert into the kinetic energy
through a nozzle and generate a high speed jet of water. This water jet strikes
the blade of turbine and rotates it. In the reaction turbine there is pressure
change of water when it passes through the rotor of turbine. So it uses kinetic
energy as well as pressure energy to rotate the turbine. Due to this it is known
as reaction turbine.

S.No. Impulse Turbine Reaction Turbine
1 In impulse turbine all In reaction turbine only some amount
hydraulic energy is of the available energy is converted
converted into kinetic energy into kinetic energy before the fluid
by a nozzle and it is is the enters the runner
jet so produced which strikes
the runner blades.

2 The velocity of jet which Both pressure and velocity changes as


changes, the pressure fluid passes through a runner.
throughout remaining Pressure at inlet is much higher than
atmosphere. at outlet.

3 Water-tight casing is not The runner must be enclosed within a


necessary. Casing has no watertight casing.
hydraulic function to
perform. It only serves to
prevent splashing and guide
water to the tail race.

4 Water is admitted only in the Water is admitted over the entire


form of jets. There may be circumference of the runner.
one or more jets striking
equal number of buckets
simultaneously.

5 The turbine doesnt run full Water completely fills at the passages
and air has a free access to between the blades and while flowing
the bucket. between inlet and outlet sections does
work on the blades.

6 The turbine is always Reaction turbine are generally


installed above the tail race connected to the tail race through a
and there is no draft tube draft tube which is a gradually
used. expanding passage. It may be
installed below or above the tail race

7 Flow regulation is done by The flow regulation in reaction turbine


means of a needle valve is carried out by means of a
fitted into the nozzle. guide-vane assembly. Other
component parts are scroll casing,
stay ring runner and the draft tub.

8 Example of impulse turbine Examples of reaction turbine are


is Pelton wheel. Francis turbine, Kaplan and Propeller
Turbine, Deriaz Turbine, Tubuler
Turbine, etc.

9 mpulse turbine have more Reaction turbine have relatively less


hydraulic efficiency. efficiency.

10 Impulse turbine operates at Reaction turbine operate at low and


high water heads. medium heads.

11 Water flow is tangential Water flows in radial and axial


direction to the turbine direction to turbine wheel.
wheel.

12 Needs low discharge of Needs medium and high discharge of


water. water.

13 Degree of reaction is zero. Degree of reaction is more than zero


and less than or equal to one.

14 Impulse turbine involves less Reaction turbine involves more


maintenance work. maintenance work.

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