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Sol HW5

This document provides solutions to 3 homework problems about abstract algebra: 1) It proves that the multiplicative group Z×10 is isomorphic to the additive group Z4 by finding a generator [3]10 of Z×10 and defining a homomorphism φ between the groups. 2) It proves that any group with 3 elements is isomorphic to Z3 by showing any such group G must be generated by an element a of order 3. 3) It identifies Z2 × Z2 × Z2 and Z4 × Z2 as two non-isomorphic abelian groups of order 8, since they have different element orders.

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47 views

Sol HW5

This document provides solutions to 3 homework problems about abstract algebra: 1) It proves that the multiplicative group Z×10 is isomorphic to the additive group Z4 by finding a generator [3]10 of Z×10 and defining a homomorphism φ between the groups. 2) It proves that any group with 3 elements is isomorphic to Z3 by showing any such group G must be generated by an element a of order 3. 3) It identifies Z2 × Z2 × Z2 and Z4 × Z2 as two non-isomorphic abelian groups of order 8, since they have different element orders.

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balajiseshikanthvarma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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ABSTRACT ALGEBRA I: HOMEWORK 5 SOLUTIONS

ANDY EISENBERG

Problem (pg. 133, 1). Show that the multiplicative group Z 10 is isomorphic to
the additive group Z4 . Hint: Find a generator [a]10 of Z
10 and define : Z4 Z10
n
by ([n]4 ) = [a]10 .
Proof. Observe that [3]1 0 is a generator of Z
10 . Define : Z4 Z10 by ([n]4 ) =
n
[3]10 . First, we will show this is well-defined. Suppose [n]4 = [m]4 . Then n = m+4k
for some k Z. It follows that
m+4k
([n]4 ) = [3]n10 = [3]10 = [3]m 4 k m k m
10 ([3]10 ) = [3]10 [1]10 = [3]10 = ([m]4 ).
Since ([1]4 ) = [3]10 , a generator for Z10 is in the image of . This shows that
is surjective. Since Z4 and Z 10 are finite sets of the same order, is also injective.
Finally,
([n]4 + [m]4 ) = ([n + m]4 ) = [3]n+m
10 = [3]n10 [3]m
10 = ([n]4 )([m]4 ).
This shows is a homomorphism. Since is a bijective homomorphism, it is an
isomorphism. 
Problem (pg. 133, 8). Prove that any group with three elements must be isomor-
phic to Z3 .
Proof. Let G = {e, a, b} be a group. If a2 = a, then a = e, which is impossible. If
a2 = e, then hai is a subgroup of G of order 2, contradicting Lagranges theorem.
Thus a2 = b. Similarly, if ab = a then b = e, and if ab = b then a = e. So ab = e.
This shows that G = {e, a, b} = hai is generated by the element a of order 3. Define
: Z3 G by ([n]3 ) = an . If [n]3 = [m]3 , then n = m + 3k for some k Z. It
follows that
([n]3 ) = an = am+3k = am (a3 )k = am = ([m]3 ),
hence is well-defined. Since ([1]3 ) = a and a is a generator for G, is surjective,
and therefore bijective. Finally,
([n + m]4 ) = an+m = an am = ([n]3 )([m]3 ),
so is an isomorphism. 
Problem (pg. 133, 9). Find two abelian groups of order 8 that are not isomorphic.
Proof. There are three distinct abelian groups of order 8: Z2 Z2 Z2 , Z4 Z2 ,
and Z8 . Any abelian group of order 8 is isomorphic to one of these three groups. To
see these are distinct, not that Z8 has an element of order 8, which neither of the
other groups have. So Z8 cannot be isomorphic to either of the other two groups.
Moreover, Z4 Z2 has an element of order 4, which Z2 Z2 Z2 does not, so these
two cannot be isomorphic. 

Date: Fall 2009.


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