Tactical Combat Casualty Care

quick reference guide

First edition

Copyright 2017
 TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE
(TCCC / TC3)

EDITOR:
HAROLD R. MONTGOMERY, ATP
MSG(RET), U.S. ARMY

CONSULTANTS & REVIEWERS

FRANK K. BUTLER, MD MICHAEL A. REMLEY, ATP

CAPT(RET), U.S. NAVY SFC, U.S. ARMY

STEPHEN D. GIEBNER, MD, MPH TRAVIS A. SHAW, NREMT-P

CAPT(RET), U.S. NAVY MSGT, U.S. AIR FORCE

WIN KERR, ATP JEREMY K. TORRISI

SCPO, U.S. NAVY
CURTIS C. CONKLIN, ATP
MSG, U.S. ARMY THOMAS A. RICH, NREMT-P
CMSGT, U.S. AIR FORCE
DANIEL M. MORISSETTE, ATP
MSG, U.S. ARMY

Copyright Statement:

The copyright holder of this publication assigns unlimited royalty-free

reproduction licensing exclusively to the United States Government and NATO
member governments. U.S. Government Printing Offices, specifically
Department of Defense installation printing services are authorized to
reproduce this publication for use by military personnel.

The copyright holder retains reproduction and royalty licensing for all other
individuals or organizations except the U.S. Government. No part of the
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information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the
copyright owner.

Copyright, 2017 by HR Montgomery

ISBN: 978-0-692-90697-2
 TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE
(TCCC / TC3)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABBREVIATED TCCC GUIDELINES..PAGE 4

CARE UNDER FIRE ALGORITHM......PAGE 9

TACTICAL FIELD CARE ALGORITHMS..PAGE 10

Massive Hemorrhage 11 C - Fluid Resuscitation 15 Burns 18
Airway Management 12 Hypothermia Prev 16 Splints 18
Respiration/Breathing 13 Monitoring 16 Communications 19
C - Bleeding 13 Pain Management 17 CPR 19
C - IV Access 14 Antibiotics 17 Documentation 19
C - TXA 14 Wounds 18 Prep for Evacuation 20

TACTICAL EVACUATION CARE ALGORITHMS..PAGE 21

Transition of Care 21 C - Fluid Resuscitation 27 Wounds 31
Massive Hemorrhage 22 Trauma Brain Injury 28 Burns 31
Airway Management 23 Hypothermia Prev 29 Splints 31
Respiration/Breathing 24 Eye Trauma 29 Communications 32
C - Bleeding 25 Monitoring 29 CPR 32
C - IV Access 26 Pain Management 30 Documentation 32
C - TXA 26 Antibiotics 30

DD1380 TCCC CARD...PAGE 33

TRIAGE & EVACUATION CATEGORIES..PAGE 34

MEDEVAC REQUEST FORMAT....PAGE 35

CASUALTY AAR SUBMISSION.....PAGE 37

COTCCC RECOMMENDED ITEMS..PAGE 40

TCCC PHARMACOLOGY........PAGE 41

PLANNING FOR CASUALTY RESPONSE....PAGE 46

KEY REFERENCES & RECOMMENDED READING..PAGE 47

GLOSSARY.....PAGE 51

CONVERSIONS....PAGE 52

DRUG QUICK REFERENCE.....PAGE 53

 TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE
(TCCC / TC3)

FORWARD

Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC) has saved hundreds of lives during our nation's conflicts in Iraq and
Afghanistan. Nearly 90% of combat fatalities occur before the casualty reaches a Medical treatment facility, it
is clear that the prehospital phase of care is the focus of efforts to reduce deaths in combat. Very few military
physicians, however, have had training in this area. As a result, at the onset of hostilities, most combat
Medics, corpsmen, and para-rescue personnel (PJs) in the US Military were trained to perform battlefield
trauma care through the use of civilian-based trauma courses that were not designed for the prehospital
combat environment and did not reflect contemporary knowledge in this area.

This challenge was met by the Committee on TCCC (CoTCCC) voting members and its many liaison members
that collectively comprise the TCCC Working Group. This remarkably eclectic group includes trauma surgeons,
emergency medicine physicians, internists, family medicine physicians, operational physicians and physician
assistants, combat medical educators, trauma researchers, pathologists, combat medical doctrine developers,
medical equipment specialists, and combat medics, corpsmen, and PJs. All of the US Armed Services are well-
represented in the group's membership and 100% of the CoTCCC voting members have been to war. The
CoTCCC and the TCCC Working Group represents different services, disciplines, and military experiences, all
brought to bear on a single goal - reducing preventable deaths on the battlefield.

No such group existed when the Twin Towers fell. The US Special Operations Command initially funded the
group as a research effort, then ownership of the group was successively assumed by the Naval Operational
Medicine Institute, the Defense Health Board, and now the Joint Trau-ma System.

This group has taken the TCCC Guidelines as they existed in 2001 and continually updated them throughout
the 15 years of war, based on input from the Joint Trauma System Performance Improvement trauma
teleconferences, published case reports and case series from the war zones, breakthroughs in military Medical
research, and new publications from the civilian medical literature that bear on combat trauma. It has
processed a continual steam of input from the battlefield throughout the war years and ensured that
battlefield trauma care lessons learned were not just noted, but acted upon.

Through the ongoing volunteer efforts of this dedicated group of individuals - which met quarterly throughout
most of the war - US Forces have had prehospital trauma care guidelines that were customized for the
battlefield and updated continuously based on real-time evaluation of outcomes from ongoing combat
operations. This is the first time in our nation's history that this has occurred.

The success of TCCC effort had been well documented. It is a great tribute to all of the members of the CoTCCC
and the TCCC Working Group, that it has been able to transcend service and Medical specialty differences,
process new information expertly, and develop evidence-based, best-practice guidelines that have completely
transformed battlefield trauma care..

It is to the Committee on TCCC and all of our valued colleagues in the TCCC Working Group that this TCCC text
is dedicated. Our country and its casualties owe you all a profound measure of thanks.

Frank Butler, MD
CAPT (Retired), MC, USN
Chairman, Committee on Tactical Combat Casualty Care
 TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE
(TCCC / TC3)

ABBREVIATED TCCC GUIDELINES

31 JAN 2017

Basic Management Plan for Care Under Fire

Return Fire and take cover

Direct or expect casualty to remain engaged as a combatant if appropriate

Direct casualty to move to cover and apply self-aid if able.

Try to keep the casualty from sustaining additional wounds.

Stop life-threatening external hemorrhage if tactically feasible:

- Direct casualty to control hemorrhage by self-aid if able.
Use a CoTCCC-recommended limb tourniquet for extremity hemorrhage
- Move the casualty to cover

Airway management is generally best deferred until the Tactical Field Care phase.

Basic Management Plan for Tactical Field Care

Establish Security Perimeter IAW Tactical SOPs. Maintain situational awareness.

Triage Casualties as required. Altered mental status is criteria to have weapons cleared/secured, communications gear
secured and sensitive items redistributed.

Massive Hemorrhage
Assess for unrecognized hemorrhage and control all life-threatening bleeding.

Use one or more CoTCCC-recommended limb tourniquets if necessary.

Use a CoTCCC approved hemostatic dressing for compressible hemorrhage not amenable to limb tourniquet
use.

Immediately apply a CoTCCC-recommended junctional tourniquet if the bleeding site is amenable to use of a
junctional tourniquet.
Airway Management
Unconscious casualty without airway obstruction:
-Chin lift or jaw thrust maneuver
-Nasopharyngeal airway
-Place the casualty in the recovery position
Casualty with airway obstruction or impending airway obstruction:
-Allow a conscious casualty to assume any position that best protects the airway, to include sitting up
-Chin lift or jaw thrust maneuver
-Nasopharyngeal airway
-Place an unconscious casualty in the recovery position
If the previous measures are unsuccessful perform a surgical cricothyroidotomy using one of the following:
-CricKey technique
-Bougie-aided open surgical technique
-Standard open surgical technique
*Use lidocaine if the casualty is conscious

4
 TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE
(TCCC / TC3)

ABBREVIATED TCCC GUIDELINES

31 JAN 2017

Basic Management Plan for Tactical Field Care continued

Respiration/Breathing
In a casualty with progressive respiratory distress and known or suspected torso trauma, consider a tension
pneumothorax:
-Decompress the chest on the side of the injury at the primary or alternate site.
All open and/or sucking chest wounds should be treated by:
-Applying a vented chest seal (preferred)
-Applying a non-vented chest seal
-Burp the wound if indicated for breathing difficulty
Initiate pulsoximetry monitoring.
Monitor for tension pneumothorax.
Casualties with moderate/severe TBI should be given supplemental oxygen when available to maintain an
oxygen saturation > 90%.
Circulation - Bleeding
Apply a pelvic binder for suspected pelvic fracture and/or severe blunt force or blast injury.
Reassess prior tourniquet application:
-Expose the wound and determine if a tourniquet is needed; if bleeding is not controlled then tighten
tourniquet if possible.
-If the first tourniquet does not control bleeding after tightening, then add a second tourniquet side-by-
side with the first.
Convert Limb tourniquets and junctional tourniquets if the following three criteria are met:
-The casualty is not in shock.
-It is possible to monitor the wound closely for bleeding.
-The tourniquet is not being used to control bleeding from an amputation.
Convert tourniquets in less than 2 hours if bleeding can be controlled with other means.
Expose and use an indelible marker to clearly mark all tourniquet sites with the time of tourniquet application,
reapplication, conversion, or removal.
Circulation - IV/IO Access
Start an 18-gauge IV or Saline Lock if indicated.
If IV access is not obtainable, use an intraosseous (IO) needle.
Circulation - TXA
If a casualty is anticipated to need a blood transfusion, then administer 1 gram of tranexamic acid (TXA) in
100ml of NS or LR over 10min ASAP but NOT beyond 3 hours post injury.
Circulation - Fluid Resuscitation
Assess for hemorrhagic shock:
-If not in shock PO fluids are permissible if casualty is conscious and can swallow.
-If in shock resuscitate with:
Whole blood (preferred) or
Plasma, RBCs and platelets (1:1:1) or
Plasma and RBCs (1:1) or
Plasma or if blood products not available,
Hextend or Lactated Ringers or Plasma-Lyte-A
Resuscitate with above fluids until a palpable radial pulse, improved mental status or
systolic BP of 80-90 mmHg is present. Discontinue fluids when one or more end points are achieved.
Reassess casualty frequently to check for recurrence of shock. If shock recurs, verify all hemorrhage is under
control and repeat fluid resuscitation as above.
5
 TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE
(TCCC / TC3)

ABBREVIATED TCCC GUIDELINES

31 JAN 2017

Basic Management Plan for Tactical Field Care continued

Hypothermia Prevention
Minimize casualty environmental exposure and promote heat retention.
Keep personal protective gear on if feasible. Replace wet clothing if possible. Get casualty onto insulated
surface ASAP.
Use a hypothermia prevention kit with active rewarming.
If none above is available, then use dry blankets, poncho liners, or sleeping bags and keep the casualty warm
and dry.
Warm IV fluids are preferred.
Penetrating Eye Trauma - If penetrating eye injury is noted or suspected:
Perform a rapid field test of visual acuity and document findings.
Cover eye with a rigid eye shield (not a pressure patch).
Administer Combat Wound Medication Pack if possible and/or administer IV/IM antibiotics per below.

Monitoring Initiate advanced electronic monitoring of vital signs if available.

Analgesia/Pain Management
Analgesia on the battlefield should generally be achieved by one of three options:
Mild to Moderate Pain and/or Casualty can swallow and is still able to fight:
-Administer TCCC Combat Wound Medication Pack (CWMP)
Moderate to Severe Pain and casualty IS NOT in Shock
-Oral Transmucosal Fentanyl Citrate (OTFC) 800mcg
Moderate to Severe Pain and casualty is in hemorrhagic shock or respiratory distress
-Administer Ketamine 50mg IM or IN repeating q30min prn
OR
-Administer Ketamine 20mg Slow IV or IO repeating q20min prn

*Endpoint control of pain or development of nystagmus.

*Consider Ondansetron 4mg ODT/IV/IO/IM q8hours prn for nausea and vomiting.
Antibiotics
If able to take PO, then administer Moxifloxacin 400mg PO qDaily from CWPP.
If unable to take PO, administer Ertapenem 1 gram IV/IM qDaily.
Wounds
Inspect and dress known wounds.
Check for Additional Wounds.
Burns
Facial burns should be aggressively monitored for airway status and potential inhalation injury.
Estimate total body surface area (TBSA) burned to nearest 10%.
Cover burned areas with dry, sterile dressings. For burns >20% TBSA, consider placing casualty immediately in
HPMK or other hypothermia prevention means.
Fluid Resuscitation (USAISR Rule of Ten):
-If burns >20% TBSA, initiate IV/IO fluids ASAP with Lactated Ringers, NS, or Hextend. If Hextend, then no
more than 1000ml followed by LR or NS as needed.
-Initial IV/IO fluid rate = %TBSA X 10ml/per hour for adults 40-80 kg (+100ml/hr for every 10kg above 80kg).
-If hemorrhagic shock is present then resuscitate IAW fluid resuscitation in Circulation section.
All TCCC interventions may be performed on or through burned skin.

6
 TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE
(TCCC / TC3)

ABBREVIATED TCCC GUIDELINES

31 JAN 2017

Basic Management Plan for Tactical Field Care continued

Splinting - Splint Fractures and Recheck Pulses.

Communication
Communicate with the casualty if possible. Encourage, reassure, and explain care.
Communicate with tactical leadership ASAP and throughout treatment. Provide casualty status and evac
requirements.
Communicate with the evacuation system to arrange TACEVAC.
Communicate with medical personnel on evacuation assets and relay mechanism of injury, injuries sustained,
signs/symptoms and treatments rendered.
Documentation
Document clinical assessments, treatments rendered, and changes in the casualty's status on a TCCC Casualty Card (DD
Form 1380) and forward this information with the casualty to the next level of care.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
Battlefield blast or penetrating trauma casualties with no pulse, no ventilations, and no other signs of life
should not be resuscitated.
Casualties with torso trauma or polytrauma with no pulse or respirations should have bilateral needle
decompression performed to confirm/deny tension pneumothorax prior to discontinuing care.

Prepare for Evacuation

Complete and secure TCCC Card (DD1380) to casualty.
Secure all loose ends of bandages and wraps.
Secure hypothermia prevention wraps/blankets/straps.
Secure litter straps and consider additional padding for long evacuations.
Provide instructions to ambulatory patients as needed.
Stage Casualties for evacuation.
Maintain security at evacuation site.

7
 TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE
(TCCC / TC3)

ABBREVIATED TCCC GUIDELINES

31 JAN 2017

Basic Management Plan for Tactical Evacuation Care (TACEVAC)

In addition to the principles of Tactical Field Care consider the following for Tactical Evacuation Care:
Transition of Care
Tactical force should establish evacuation point security and stage casualties for evacuation.
Tactical force personnel/medic should communicate patient status to TACEVAC personnel to include stable/
unstable, injuries identified, and treatments rendered.
TACEVAC personnel stage casualties on evac platform as required.
Secure casualties on evac platform IAW unit policies, platform configurations, and safety requirements.
TACEVAC medical personnel reassess casualties and re-evaluate all injuries and interventions.
Airway Management- Consider the following for casualty with airway obstruction or impending airway obstruction:
-Supraglottic airway, or
-Endotracheal intubation
Breathing
Consider chest tube insertion if no improvement and/or long transport is anticipated.
Administer oxygen when possible for the following types of casualties:
-Low oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry
-Injuries associated with impaired oxygenation
-Unconscious casualty
-Casualty with TBI (maintain oxygen saturation > 90%)
-Casualty in shock
-Casualty at altitude
Traumatic Brain Injury-Casualties with moderate/severe TBI should be monitored for:
-Decreases in level of consciousness
-Pupillary dilation
-SBP should be >90 mmHg
-O2 sat > 90
-Hypothermia
-PCO2 (If capnography is available, maintain between 35-40 mmHg)
-Penetrating head trauma (if present, administer antibiotics)
-Assume a spinal (neck) injury until cleared
If impending herniation is suspected take the following actions:
-Administer 250 cc of 3 or 5% hypertonic saline bolus
-Elevate the casualtys head 30 degrees
-Hyperventilate the casualty

Communication
Communicate with the casualty if possible. Encourage, reassure, and explain care
Communicate with next level of care and relay mechanism of injury, injuries sustained, signs/symptoms, and
treatments rendered.

8
 TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE
ALGORITHM

CARE UNDER FIRE

In accordance with
CoTCCC Guidelines Casualty
As Of: 31 JAN 2017 Sustained

Return Fire and Take Cover

Direct casualty Move casualty

to move to YES Casualty NO to cover if
cover and Conscious? tactically
apply self-aid feasible
Try to keep casualty Try to keep casualty
from sustaining from sustaining
additional wounds. additional wounds.

Casualty moved to cover

or extrication needed*

LIFE THREATENING BLEEDING:

STOP LIFE Spurting Blood or Flowing Blood
THREATENING Blood soaking rapidly through uniform
or pooling on the ground
BLEEDING Complete Amputation

Use CoTCCC
Recommended Limb Limb * Extrication
Tourniquet applied YES Tourniquet -Casualties should be extricated from
proximal to bleeding Indicated? burning vehicles or buildings and moved
site to relative safety. Do what is necessary
to stop burning process.

NO
Place tourniquets High &
Tight if bleeding site is not
Continue with Fight /
easily identifiable
Mission
Casualty Movement:
- The fastest method is dragging along
the long axis of patients body by two
rescuers.
Airway management is Move casualty to CCP or -Spinal precautions or stabilization should
generally best deferred until secure area and initiate only be considered after a casualty is
the Tactical Field Care phase Tactical Field Care removed from the enemy threat and
indicated by mechanism of injury.

Indicates All Combatants

and Combat Lifesaver
capability level skill

Indicates Combat Medic

TACTICAL FIELD CARE capability level skill

Indicates Combat
Paramedic or SOF Medic
capability level skill
9
 TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE
ALGORITHM
TACTICAL FIELD CARE

Establish Security Perimeter.

Maintain Situational Awareness.

In accordance with
CoTCCC Guidelines Triage as required.
As Of: 31 JAN 2017

Casualties with altered mental status should have:

- Weapons cleared and secured
- Communications secured
- Sensitive missions items redistributed Triage multiple casualties into
CCP or secure area as required

MASSIVE
HEMORRHAGE

Uncontrolled
Massive External NO
Hemorrhage or
Traumatic Amputation
Present?

YES

Tighten previously applied tourniquet or apply a YES Amenable to Limb

CoTCCC-recommended Limb Tourniquet. Apply a
nd Tourniquet?
2 Tourniquet if bleeding not controlled.
Head Wounds
NO Neck Wounds
Junctional Wounds

YES NO
Use CoTCCC-recommended
Hemorrhage Controlled?
Hemostatic Dressing/Agent

YES
Apply CoTCCC-recommended Amenable to Junctional
Junctional Device Device?
Assess minimal bleeding after airway
and breathing management
NO
YES NO
Maintain Pressure with CoTCCC-
Hemorrhage
recommended Hemostatic Dressing/
Controlled?
Agent and Direct Pressure

Indicates All Combatants

and Combat Lifesaver
capability level skill

Indicates Combat Medic

capability level skill

CONTINUE TACTICAL FIELD CARE

Indicates Combat
Paramedic or SOF Medic
capability level skill
10
 TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE
ALGORITHM
TACTICAL FIELD CARE CONTINUED

In accordance with AIRWAY

CoTCCC Guidelines
As Of: 31 JAN 2017

Assess Airway

Conscious with NO Unconscious without Airway Airway Obstruction or

airway trauma or Obstruction Impending Airway Obstruction
problem identified
Chin Lift / Jaw Thrust Maneuver Chin Lift / Jaw Thrust Maneuver
Insert Nasopharyngeal Airway Insert Nasopharyngeal Airway

If able, allow casualty to assume

Recovery Position
any position that best protects the
airway, to include sitting up and
leaning forward.

Perform Surgical NO Previous Airway

Cricothyroidotomy Procedures Successful?

CricKey Technique (preferred)

Use lidocaine if YES
casualty is conscious. OR
Bougie-assisted surgical technique
OR
Standard open surgical technique

Assess Respiration /
Breathing

Spinal stabilization is not

necessary for casualties with
penetrating trauma.
CONTINUE TACTICAL FIELD CARE

Indicates All Combatants

and Combat Lifesaver
capability level skill

Indicates Combat Medic

capability level skill

Indicates Combat
Paramedic or SOF Medic
capability level skill
11
 TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE
ALGORITHM
TACTICAL FIELD CARE CONTINUED

In accordance with
RESPIRATION / BREATHING
CoTCCC Guidelines
As Of: 31 JAN 2017

Assess Respiration /
Breathing

NO Progressive Respiratory NO
Open/Sucking
Distress and Known or
Chest Wound?
Suspected Torso Trauma?

YES
YES

Suspect/Consider Tension
Pneumothorax Apply Vented Chest Seal to all open/
sucking chest wounds
Needle Decompress Chest at Primary
or Alternate Site on injured side.
Repeat as necessary. Vented chest seals are
preferred over non-vented.

Initiate Pulse Oximetry

Monitoring if available

MONITOR FOR TENSION

PNEUMOTHORAX

TENSION PNEUMOTHORAX INDICATORS:

YES
Burp or remove chest seal if applied. Tension Pneumothorax Increasing Hypoxia
Repeat as necessary. Suspected? Respiratory Distress
Hypotension

Needle Decompress Chest at NO

Primary or Alternate Site if indicated.
Repeat as necessary.

If moderate or severe TBI is suspected, provide

supplemental O2 if available to maintain
SpO2>90%

Decompression Needle Indicates All Combatants

14-gauge, 3.25 inch needle/ and Combat Lifesaver
catheter unit capability level skill

Primary Site:
2nd Intercostal Space/ Indicates Combat Medic
Midclavicular line capability level skill
CONTINUE TACTICAL FIELD CARE

Alternate Site: Indicates Combat

4th or 5th Intercostal Space / Paramedic or SOF Medic
Anterior Axillary Line capability level skill
12
 TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE
ALGORITHM
TACTICAL FIELD CARE CONTINUED

CIRCULATION
(BLEEDING)

In accordance with
CoTCCC Guidelines Bleeding Assessment
As Of: 31 JAN 2017

Pelvic Binder Indications- Severe blunt trauma or

blast injury with one or more of the following:
YES -Pelvic pain
Apply a Pelvic Binder Pelvic Binder indicated?
-Any major lower limb amputation/near amputation
-Physical exam suggestive of pelvic fracture
-Unconsciousness or Shock
NO

Each hemostatic works differently. If one

Reassess previously applied tourniquets. fails to control bleeding, it may be
removed and a fresh dressing of the same
type or a different type applied (Xstat
Reassess previously applied hemostatic cannot be removed in the field)
dressings/agents

Tourniquet not needed criteria: Loosen tourniquet in <2 hours if

-Minor lacerations w/minimal bleeding can be controlled by
Expose wound and NO
bleeding other means. Leave tourniquet
determine if tourniquet is
-Surface Abrasions loosely on limb for rapid
needed.
-Bleeding controlled by pressure reapplication if needed. Do not
dressing remove if TQ in place >6 hours.
YES

Leave previous tourniquet in place Note time of tourniquet

release on tourniquet and/or
casualty card

Place second tourniquet 2-3 inches

above wound on skin.
Control bleeding with
hemostatic and/or pressure
dressing.
Loosen first tourniquet once second
tourniquet is effectively placed

Leave tourniquet in place maximum 2 YES

hours of tourniquet time until Bleeding Controlled?
reassessment

NO
Before 2 hours, reassess: if not in shock,
able to monitor the wound closely for
bleeding, and no amputation control Move original tourniquet to position next
bleeding with hemostatic and/or pressure to second tourniquet directly on skin and
dressing. Do not remove if TQ in place tighten both until bleeding stopped and
>6 hours. distal pulse not palpated

Note time of tourniquet

Note time of tourniquet
reapplication on tourniquet
release on tourniquet and/or
and/or casualty card
casualty card
Indicates All Combatants
and Combat Lifesaver
capability level skill
If needed, control bleeding
Monitor wound closely
with hemostatic and/or
for bleeding
pressure dressing. Indicates Combat Medic
capability level skill

CONTINUE TACTICAL FIELD CARE Indicates Combat

Paramedic or SOF Medic
capability level skill
13
 TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE
ALGORITHM
TACTICAL FIELD CARE CONTINUED

CIRCULATION
(INTRAVENOUS ACCESS)

In accordance with
CoTCCC Guidelines
As Of: 31 JAN 2017

IV/IO Indications:
-In hemorrhagic shock or at NO
significant risk of shock IV access indicated?
-Casualty needs IV/IO
medications
YES

Initiate 18G IV or Saline Lock

If IV is not obtainable, use IO route

CIRCULATION
(TRANEXAMIC ACID)

Administer 1 gm of Tranexamic Acid (TXA) in TXA Criteria:

100 ml of NS or LR IV over 10min YES -Presents with Hemorrhagic Shock
TXA Needed? -One or more major amputations
Administer as soon as possible after injury
Do NOT administer >3hours after injury -Penetrating torso trauma
-Evidence of severe bleeding
NO

After initial fluid resuscitation, administer

second dose of Tranexamic Acid (TXA) 1 gm
in 100 ml of NS or LR IV over 10 min
Do NOT administer 3 hours or more after injury

Reassess frequently for presence of shock

CONTINUE TACTICAL FIELD CARE

Indicates All Combatants
and Combat Lifesaver
capability level skill

Indicates Combat Medic

capability level skill

Indicates Combat
Paramedic or SOF Medic
capability level skill
14
 TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE
ALGORITHM
TACTICAL FIELD CARE CONTINUED

CIRCULATION
(SHOCK / FLUID RESUSCITATION)

In accordance with
CoTCCC Guidelines Assess for Shock
As Of: 31 JAN 2017

Shock Criteria: NO
Hemorrhagic shock
-Altered Mental Status (in absence of TBI)
present?
-Weak/Absent Radial Pulse
If not in shock, NO IV fluids are
YES immediately necessary

PO fluids permissible if casualty is

conscious and can swallow
Fluid Resuscitation
(in preferred order/combinations)

YES Blood Products NO

Whole Blood Transfusion Hextend 500 ml bolus
Available?
OR, if not available OR, if not available
Plasma, RBCs, Platelets
Lactated Ringers 500 ml
1:1:1
OR Plasma-Lyte A
OR, if not available 500 ml bolus
Plasma and RBCs 1:1
OR, if not available
Plasma (reconstituted,
liquid, or thawed) or
RBCs
Re-assess after each
unit or 500 cc bolus
administered

Continue fluid resuscitation until:

Palpable radial pulse OR
Improved mental status OR
Systolic BP of 80-90 mmHg

If altered mental status due to suspected

TBI and has weak/absent radial pulse,
then resuscitate to restore normal radial
Fluid resuscitation and hypothermia pulse or Systolic BP >90mmHg
prevention should be executed
simultaneously if possible

After initial fluid resuscitation, administer

second dose of Tranexamic Acid (TXA) 1 gm
in 100 ml of NS or LR IV over 10 min
Do NOT administer 3 hours or more after injury

If shock recurs, check all Indicates All Combatants

hemorrhage management and Combat Lifesaver
interventions for effectiveness. capability level skill
Reassess frequently for presence of shock
Repeat fluid resuscitation.
Indicates Combat Medic
capability level skill
CONTINUE TACTICAL FIELD CARE
Indicates Combat
Paramedic or SOF Medic
capability level skill
15
 TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE
ALGORITHM

TACTICAL FIELD CARE CONTINUED

HYPOTHERMIA
PREVENTION
In accordance with
CoTCCC Guidelines Minimize casualty environmental exposure / promote heat retention
As Of: 31 JAN 2017
Keep Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) on if feasible and warranted
Replace wet clothes if possible Hypothermia prevention and fluid
resuscitation should be executed
Use CoTCCC recommended hypothermia prevention equipment if available simultaneously if possible
Use dry blankets, poncho liner or sleeping bag. Keep casualty dry.
Warm IV fluids are preferred if possible

PENETRATING EYE
TRAUMA

Perform rapid field test of visual YES Penetrating Eye Trauma

acuity and document noted or suspected?

Cover eye with Rigid Eye Shield

(DO NOT use pressure patch) NO
Ensure administration of
Moxfloxacin 400 mg from Combat
Wound Medication Pack

Patient monitoring should be

Patient Monitoring initiated as early as possible

Pulse oximetry should be utilized as a minimum adjunct to clinical

monitoring as stated in Breathing/Respiration section.

Advanced non-invasive electronic monitoring and recording of vital

signs should be initiated if possible and available.

Indicates All Combatants

and Combat Lifesaver
capability level skill

Indicates Combat Medic

CONTINUE TACTICAL FIELD CARE
capability level skill

Indicates Combat
Paramedic or SOF Medic
capability level skill
16
 TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE
ALGORITHM

TACTICAL FIELD CARE CONTINUED

PAIN MANAGEMENT / ANALGESIA

In accordance with
CoTCCC Guidelines
As Of: 31 JAN 2017

Mild to Moderate Pain

Assess Pain Moderate to Severe Pain
(Casualty still able to fight)

Casualties with
Disarm casualty moderate to
Administer Combat Wound Medication Pack severe pain are
Tylenol 650 mg bilayer caplet, 2 PO q8h likely not able to
Meloxicam 15 mg PO qd Document Mental Status
fight.

YES Is casualty in Shock or

Respiratory Distress or at
significant risk of developing
either?
Administer Ketamine OR Administer Ketamine
20 mg slow IV or IO 50 mg IM or IN NO
Repeat q20 min PRN Repeat q30 min PRN

Administer Oral Transmucosal Fentanyl Citrate

(OTFC) 800 ug

END POINT:
Control of pain or Nystagmus development
Add a second OTFC 800 ug
in 15 min if needed

Monitor Airway-Breathing-Circulation Ensure Nalaxone (Narcan)

closely. Be prepared to provide available if administering
ventilatory assistance. opioid analgesics.
Administer 0.4 2 mg q 2-3
min PRN
Consider Ondansetron 4 mg ODT/IV/IO/
IM q8h
PRN for nausea/vomiting

Reassess all pain management actions and

casualty reactions

ANTIBIOTICS

YES NO
Moxifloxacin 400 mg PO qd Ertapenem 1 gm IV/IM qd
PO Able?
(CWMP)

Indicates All Combatants

and Combat Lifesaver
Early administration of
capability level skill
antiobiotics is
recommended for ALL
open combat wounds Indicates Combat Medic
CONTINUE TACTICAL FIELD CARE capability level skill

Indicates Combat
Paramedic or SOF Medic
capability level skill
17
 TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE
ALGORITHM

TACTICAL FIELD CARE CONTINUED

INSPECT & DRESS KNOWN WOUNDS

In accordance with CHECK FOR ADDITIONAL WOUNDS

CoTCCC Guidelines
As Of: 31 JAN 2017
Dress wounds to ensure hemorrhage control
and wound protection

BURNS

NO
Burns?

YES

Aggressively monitor airway status and YES Facial / Neck

O2 saturations Burns?

NO
Consider early surgical airway for respiratory
distress or O2 desaturation

Estimate TBSA to nearest 10% using

Rule of Nines
All TCCC interventions may be performed
on/through burned skin.

Cover burned areas with dry sterile

Consider placing casualty in hypothermia
dressing
management equipment to cover/protect
wounds and prevent hypothermia

Hemorrhagic shock fluid management

takes precedence over burn fluid
resuscitation

YES
Initiate Fluid Resuscitation using USAISR Rule
Burns >20%?
of 10 using LR, NS or Hextend

USAISR Rule of 10 Fluid Calculation: NO

%TBSA X 10 ml/hour for adults 40-80 kg
(for every 10 kg above 80 kg, increase rate by
100 ml/hour

Do not exceed 1000 ml of

Hextend for burn resuscitation,
but can be followed by LR or NS.

SPLINT FRACTURES Indicates All Combatants

and Combat Lifesaver
capability level skill
Splint Fractures and re-check pulses
Indicates Combat Medic
capability level skill

CONTINUE TACTICAL FIELD CARE

Indicates Combat
Paramedic or SOF Medic
capability level skill
18
 TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE
ALGORITHM

TACTICAL FIELD CARE CONTINUED

COMMUNICATION

In accordance with
CoTCCC Guidelines Communicate with casualty, tactical leadership, and
As Of: 31 JAN 2017 medical providers in evacuation chain

Communicate with Communicate with Communicate with

Casualty Tactical Leadership Evacuation Chain

Encourage, reassure, explain Provide casualty status and Communicate with medical
care if possible evacuation requirements to providers on evac asset if
assist in evac coordination possible.

Communicate with evacuation Relay mechanism of injury,

system (PECC) to arrange injuries sustained, signs/
TACEVAC symptoms, and treatments
rendered.

Battlefield blast or penetrating trauma

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
casualties with NO pulse, NO ventilations,
(CPR)
and NO other signs of life should not be
Considerations
resuscitated.

However, casualties with torso or

polytrauma with no pulse or respirations
should have bilateral needle
decompression performed to confirm/
deny tension pneumothorax prior to
discontinuing care.

DOCUMENTATION

Document clinical assessments, treatments rendered,

and changes on DD1380 TCCC Card and forward with
casualty to next level of care.

Indicates All Combatants

and Combat Lifesaver
capability level skill
CONTINUE TACTICAL FIELD CARE

Indicates Combat Medic

capability level skill

Indicates Combat
Paramedic or SOF Medic
capability level skill
19
 TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE
ALGORITHM

TACTICAL FIELD CARE CONTINUED

PREPARE FOR EVACUATION

In accordance with
CoTCCC Guidelines
As Of: 31 JAN 2017

Complete & Secure TCCC

casualty card to each casualty

Package Casualty for

Evacuation

Secure all loose ends of bandages and wraps

Secure hypothermia prevention wraps/blankets/

straps

Secure litter straps as required

Consider additional padding for long evacuations

Stage Casualties for

Evacuation

Provide instructions to ambulatory patients as

requried

Stage casualties for evacuation IAW unit SOP

Maintain security at evac point IAW unit SOP

TACTICAL EVACUATION CARE

(TACEVAC)

Indicates All Combatants

and Combat Lifesaver
Transition of Care / Casualty Handover:
capability level skill
-Identify receiving care provider on evac platform
-Establish direct contact with receiving provider
(Radio Comms/Eye Contact/Hand Contact) Indicates Combat Medic
-Provide a SIT Status on each casualty beginning capability level skill
with most serious
Stable or Unstable
Injuries (Life threats & MOI) Indicates Combat
Treatments (Drugs & Interventions) Paramedic or SOF Medic
capability level skill
20
 TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE
ALGORITHM

TACTICAL EVACUATION CARE

(TACEVAC)

In accordance with
CoTCCC Guidelines
As Of: 31 JAN 2017 TRANSITION OF CARE

Tactical Force

Establish evacuation point security and stage casualties

for evacuation

Minimum information communicated:

Communicate patient information and status to -Stable or unstable
TACEVAC personnel as clearly as possible. -Injuries identified
-Treatments rendered

Refer to appropriate manuals for

specifics and procedures for Method of SIT Report:
Helicopter Landing Zones (HLZ), -Identify receiving care provider on evac
Ambulance Exchange Point (AXP), platform
Maritime Evacuation Point (MEP) or -Establish direct contact with receiving
as dictated by unit mission. provider
(Radio Comms/Eye Contact/Hand Contact*)
-Provide a SIT Status on each casualty
beginning with most serious
Stable or Unstable
Injuries (Life threats & MOI)
Treatments (Drugs & Interventions)
TACEVAC Personnel
*if verbal communication is difficult, point to
each injury and treatment and confirm
acknowledgement.
Triage and stage casualties on evacuation platform
as required

Secure Casualties in Evacuation Platform IAW unit

policies, configuration and safety requirements

Re-Assess casualties and re-evaluate all injuries and

previous interventions

Indicates All Combatants

and Combat Lifesaver
capability level skill

CONTINUE TACTICAL EVACUATION CARE Indicates Combat Medic

capability level skill

Indicates Combat
Paramedic or SOF Medic
capability level skill
21
 TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE
ALGORITHM

TACTICAL EVACUATION CARE

(TACEVAC)

In accordance with
CoTCCC Guidelines
As Of: 31 JAN 2017 Re-Assess casualties and re-evaluate all injuries and
Triage multiple casualties onto
previous interventions
evacuation platform as required

Casualties with altered mental status should should have

weapons and radios taken away

MASSIVE
HEMORRHAGE

Uncontrolled
Massive External NO
Hemorrhage or
Traumatic Amputation
Present?

YES

Tighten previously applied tourniquet or apply a YES Amenable to Limb

CoTCCC-recommended Limb Tourniquet. Apply a
nd Tourniquet?
2 Tourniquet if bleeding not controlled.
Head Wounds
NO Neck Wounds
Junctional Wounds

YES NO
Use CoTCCC-recommended
Hemorrhage Controlled?
Hemostatic Dressing/Agent

YES
Apply CoTCCC-recommended Amenable to Junctional
Junctional Device Device?
Assess minimal bleeding after airway
and breathing management
NO
YES NO
Maintain Pressure with CoTCCC-
Hemorrhage
recommended Hemostatic Dressing/
Controlled?
Agent and Direct Pressure

Indicates All Combatants

and Combat Lifesaver
capability level skill

CONTINUE TACTICAL EVACUATION CARE Indicates Combat Medic

capability level skill

Indicates Combat
Paramedic or SOF Medic
capability level skill
22
 TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE
ALGORITHM

TACTICAL EVACUATION CARE

(TACEVAC)

AIRWAY
In accordance with
CoTCCC Guidelines
As Of: 31 JAN 2017
Assess Airway

Conscious with NO Unconscious without Airway Airway Obstruction or

airway trauma or Obstruction Impending Airway Obstruction
problem identified
Chin Lift / Jaw Thrust Maneuver Chin Lift / Jaw Thrust Maneuver
Insert Nasopharyngeal Airway Insert Nasopharyngeal Airway

If able, allow casualty to assume

Recovery Position
any position that best protects the
airway, to include sitting up and
leaning forward.

NO Previous Airway
Supraglottic Airway
Procedures Successful?
OR

Endotracheal Intubation
YES

OR
Perform Surgical
Cricothyroidotomy

CricKey Technique (preferred)

Use lidocaine if
casualty is conscious. OR
Bougie-assisted surgical technique or
OR
Standard open surgical technique

Assess Respiration /
Breathing

Spinal stabilization is not

necessary for casualties with
penetrating trauma.
Indicates All Combatants
and Combat Lifesaver
capability level skill

CONTINUE TACTICAL EVACUATION CARE Indicates Combat Medic

capability level skill

Indicates Combat
Paramedic or SOF Medic
capability level skill
23
 TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE
ALGORITHM

TACTICAL EVACUATION CARE

(TACEVAC)

RESPIRATION /
In accordance with BREATHING
CoTCCC Guidelines
As Of: 31 JAN 2017
Assess Respiration /
Breathing

NO
NO Progressive Respiratory
Open/Sucking
Distress and Known or
Chest Wound?
Suspected Torso Trauma?

YES
YES

Suspect/Consider Tension
Pneumothorax Apply Vented Chest Seal to all open/
sucking chest wounds
Needle Decompress Chest at Primary
or Alternate Site on injured side.
Repeat as necessary. Vented chest seals are
preferred over non-vented.

Initiate Pulse Oximetry

Monitoring if not previously
done

MONITOR FOR TENSION

PNEUMOTHORAX

TENSION PNEUMOTHORAX INDICATORS:

YES
Burp or remove chest seal if applied. Tension Pneumothorax Increasing Hypoxia
Repeat as necessary. Suspected? Respiratory Distress
Hypotension

NO

Needle Decompress Chest at

Primary or Alternate Site if indicated.
Repeat as necessary.
Administer Oxygen when possible as indicated:
-Low oxygen saturation by pulsoximetry
-Injuries associated with impaired oxygenation
-Unconscious casualty
-Casualty in shock
-Casualty at altitude
-Known or suspected smoke inhalation
Decompression Needle
14-gauge, 3.25 inch needle/
catheter unit If moderate or severe TBI is suspected, Indicates All Combatants
provide supplemental O2 if available to and Combat Lifesaver
Primary Site: maintain SpO2>90% capability level skill
2nd Intercostal Space/
Midclavicular line
Consider chest tube insertion if no Indicates Combat Medic
Alternate Site: improvement and/or long transport anticipated capability level skill
4th or 5th Intercostal Space /
Anterior Axillary Line Indicates Combat
CONTINUE TACTICAL EVACUATION CARE
Paramedic or SOF Medic
capability level skill
24
 TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE
ALGORITHM
TACTICAL EVACUATION CARE
(TACEVAC)
CIRCULATION
(BLEEDING)

In accordance with
CoTCCC Guidelines
As Of: 31 JAN 2017 Bleeding Assessment

Pelvic Binder Indications- Severe blunt trauma or

blast injury with one or more of the following:
YES
Apply a Pelvic Binder Pelvic Binder indicated? -Pelvic pain
-Any major lower limb amputation/near amputation
-Physical exam suggestive of pelvic fracture
NO -Unconsciousness or Shock

Reassess previously applied tourniquets.

Each hemostatic works differently. If one
fails to control bleeding, it may be
removed and a fresh dressing of the same Reassess previously applied hemostatic
type or a different type applied (Xstat dressings/agents
cannot be removed in the field)

Loosen tourniquet in <2 hours if

Tourniquet not needed criteria: bleeding can be controlled by
-Minor lacerations w/minimal Expose wound and NO other means. Leave tourniquet
bleeding determine if tourniquet is
loosely on limb for rapid
-Surface Abrasions needed.
reapplication if needed. Do not
-Bleeding controlled by pressure remove if TQ in place >6 hours.
dressing
YES

Leave previous tourniquet in place Note time of tourniquet

release on tourniquet and/or
casualty card

Place second tourniquet 2-3 inches

above wound on skin.
Control bleeding with
hemostatic and/or pressure
dressing.
Loosen first tourniquet once second
tourniquet is effectively placed

Leave tourniquet in place maximum 2 YES

hours of tourniquet time until Bleeding Controlled?
reassessment

NO
Before 2 hours, reassess: if not in shock,
able to monitor the wound closely for
Move original tourniquet to position next
bleeding, and no amputation control
to second tourniquet directly on skin and
bleeding with hemostatic and/or pressure
tighten both until bleeding stopped and
dressing. Do not remove if TQ in place
distal pulse not palpated
>6 hours.

Note time of tourniquet

Note time of tourniquet
release on tourniquet and/or
reapplication on tourniquet
casualty card
and/or casualty card
Indicates All Combatants
and Combat Lifesaver
capability level skill
If needed, control bleeding
Monitor wounds
with hemostatic and/or
closely for bleeding
pressure dressing. Indicates Combat Medic
capability level skill

CONTINUE TACTICAL EVACUATION CARE Indicates Combat

Paramedic or SOF Medic
capability level skill
25
 TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE
ALGORITHM

TACTICAL EVACUATION CARE

(TACEVAC)

In accordance with
CoTCCC Guidelines CIRCULATION
(INTRAVENOUS ACCESS)
As Of: 31 JAN 2017

IV/IO Indications:
-In hemorrhagic shock or at NO
significant risk of shock IV access indicated?
-Casualty needs IV/IO
medications
YES

Initiate 18G IV or Saline Lock

If IV is not obtainable, use IO route

CIRCULATION
(TRANEXAMIC ACID)

Administer 1 gm of Tranexamic Acid (TXA) in TXA Criteria:

100 ml of NS or LR IV over 10min YES -Presents with Hemorrhagic Shock
TXA Needed? -One or more major amputations
Administer as soon as possible after injury
Do NOT administer >3hours after injury -Penetrating torso trauma
-Evidence of severe bleeding
NO

After initial fluid resuscitation, administer

second dose of Tranexamic Acid (TXA) 1 gm
in 100 ml of NS or LR IV over 10 min
Do NOT administer 3 hours or more after injury

Reassess frequently for presence of shock

Indicates All Combatants

and Combat Lifesaver
capability level skill

CONTINUE TACTICAL EVACUATION CARE Indicates Combat Medic

capability level skill

Indicates Combat
Paramedic or SOF Medic
capability level skill
26
 TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE
ALGORITHM
TACTICAL EVACUATION CARE
(TACEVAC)

CIRCULATION
In accordance with (SHOCK / FLUID RESUSCITATION)
CoTCCC Guidelines
As Of: 31 JAN 2017
Assess for Shock

Shock Criteria: NO
Hemorrhagic shock
-Altered Mental Status (in absence of TBI)
present?
-Weak/Absent Radial Pulse
If not in shock, NO IV fluids are
YES immediately necessary

Fluid Resuscitation PO fluids permissible if casualty is

(in preferred order/combinations) conscious and can swallow

YES Blood Products NO

Whole Blood Transfusion Hextend 500cc bolus
Available?
OR, if not available OR, if not available
Plasma, RBCs, Platelets
1:1:1 Lactated Ringers 500cc
OR Plasma-Lyte A
OR, if not available 500cc bolus
Plasma and RBCs 1:1

OR, if not available

Plasma (reconstituted,
liquid, or thawed) or
RBCs
Re-assess after each
unit or 500 cc bolus
administered

Continue fluid resuscitation until:

Palpable radial pulse OR
Fluid resuscitation and hypothermia Improved mental status OR
prevention should be executed Systolic BP of 80-90 mmHg
simultaneously if possible
If altered mental status due to suspected
TBI and has weak/absent peripheral
pulse, then resuscitate to restore normal
radial pulse or Systolic BP >90mmHg

After initial fluid resuscitation, administer

second dose of Tranexamic Acid (TXA) 1 gram
in 100 cc of NS or LR IV over 10 min
Do NOT administer 3 hours or more after injury

If shock recurs, check all Indicates All Combatants

hemorrhage management and Combat Lifesaver
Reassess frequently for presence of shock
interventions for effectiveness. capability level skill
Repeat fluid resuscitation.

CONTINUE TACTICAL EVACUATION CARE Indicates Combat Medic

capability level skill

Indicates Combat
Paramedic or SOF Medic
capability level skill
27
 TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE
ALGORITHM

TACTICAL EVACUATION CARE

(TACEVAC)

In accordance with
CoTCCC Guidelines TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (TBI)
As Of: 31 JAN 2017

TBI Indicators:
-Obvious mechanism of injury
Assess for traumatic brain -Loss of consciousness >30 min
injury (TBI) -Confused of disoriented state
-Moderate TBI GCS 9-13
-Severe TBI GCS 3-8

Moderate/Severe TBI NO
suspected?

YES

Monitored for:
-Decreased level of consciousness
-Pupillary dilation
-SBP should be >90 mmHg
-O2 sat>90
-Hypothermia
-PCO2 maintained between 35-40 mmHg
-Penetrating head trauma (administer antibiotics)
-Assume a spinal (neck) injury until cleared

HERNIATION INDICATORS:
-Assymetric Pupils / Unilateral
YES pupillary dilation accompanied by
-Administer 250 ml of 3% or 5% hypertonic Impending herniation
decreased level of consciousness.
saline bolus suspected?
-Fixed Dilated Pupil
-Elevate the casualtys head 30 degrees -Extensor Posturing
-Widening Pulse Pressure
-Hyperventilate the casualty at 20 breaths/min
NO
with highest O2 concentration available
Initiate capnography if available to maintain
end-tidal CO2 between 30-35mmHg

- DO NOT hyperventilate the casualty

unless signs of impending herniation
are present.
- Casualties may be hyperventilated
with O2 using the BVM.

CONTINUE TACTICAL EVACUATION CARE

Indicates All Combatants

and Combat Lifesaver
capability level skill

Indicates Combat Medic

capability level skill

Indicates Combat
Paramedic or SOF Medic
capability level skill
28
 TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE
ALGORITHM
TACTICAL EVACUATION CARE
(TACEVAC)

HYPOTHERMIA
In accordance with PREVENTION
CoTCCC Guidelines
As Of: 31 JAN 2017 Minimize casualty environmental exposure / promote heat retention
Keep Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) on if feasible and warranted
Replace wet clothes if possible Hypothermia prevention and fluid
resuscitation should be executed
Use CoTCCC recommended hypothermia prevention equipment if available simultaneously if possible
Use dry blankets, poncho liner or sleeping bag. Keep casualty dry.
Use portable fluid warmer to warm all IV fluids including blood.

Protect the casualty from wind if doors/windows must be kept open.

PENETRATING EYE
TRAUMA

Perform rapid field test of visual YES Penetrating Eye Trauma

acuity and document noted or suspected?

Cover eye with Rigid Eye Shield

(DO NOT use pressure patch) NO
Ensure administration of
Moxfloxacin 400 mg from Combat
Wound Medication Pack

Patient monitoring should be

Patient Monitoring initiated as early as possible

Pulse oximetry should be utilized as a minimum adjunct to clinical

monitoring as stated in Breathing/Respiration section.

Advanced non-invasive electronic monitoring and recording of vital Indicates All Combatants
signs should be initiated if possible and available. and Combat Lifesaver
capability level skill

Indicates Combat Medic

CONTINUE TACTICAL EVACUATION CARE capability level skill

Indicates Combat
Paramedic or SOF Medic
capability level skill
29
 TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE
ALGORITHM
TACTICAL EVACUATION CARE
(TACEVAC)

PAIN MANAGEMENT / ANALGESIA

In accordance with
CoTCCC Guidelines
As Of: 31 JAN 2017

Mild to Moderate Pain

Assess Pain Moderate to Severe Pain
(Casualty still able to fight)

Disarm casualty
Administer Combat Wound Medications Pack
Tylenol 650 mg bilayer caplet, 2 PO q8h
Meloxicam 15 mg PO qd Document Mental Status

YES Is casualty in Shock or

Respiratory Distress or at
significant risk of developing
either?
Administer Ketamine OR Administer Ketamine
20 mg slow IV or IO 50 mg IM or IN NO
Repeat q20 min PRN Repeat q30 min PRN

Administer Oral Transmucosal Fentanyl Citrate

(OTFC) 800 ug

END POINT:
Control of pain or Nystagmus development
Add a second OTFC 800 ug
in 15 min if needed

Monitor Airway-Breathing-Circulation Ensure Nalaxone (Narcan)

closely. Be prepared to provide available if administering
ventilatory assistance. opioid analgesics.
Administer 0.4 2 mg q 2-3
min PRN
Consider Ondansetron 4 mg ODT/IV/IO/
IM q8h
PRN for nausea/vomiting

Reassess all pain management actions and

casualty reactions

ANTIBIOTICS

YES NO
Moxifloxacin 400 mg PO qd Ertapenem 1 gm IV/IM qd
PO Able?
(CWMP)

Indicates All Combatants

and Combat Lifesaver
Early administration of
capability level skill
antiobiotics is
recommended for ALL
open combat wounds Indicates Combat Medic
capability level skill
CONTINUE TACTICAL EVACUATION CARE
Indicates Combat
Paramedic or SOF Medic
capability level skill
30
 TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE
ALGORITHM

TACTICAL EVACUATION CARE

(TACEVAC)

INSPECT & DRESS KNOWN WOUNDS

In accordance with
CoTCCC Guidelines CHECK FOR ADDITIONAL WOUNDS
As Of: 31 JAN 2017

Dress wounds to ensure hemorrhage control

and wound protection

BURNS

NO
Burns?

YES

Aggressively monitor airway status and YES Facial / Neck

O2 saturations Burns?

NO
Consider early surgical airway for respiratory
distress or O2 desaturation

Estimate TBSA to nearest 10% using

Rule of Nines
All TCCC interventions may be performed
on/through burned skin.

Cover burned areas with dry sterile

Consider placing casualty in hypothermia
dressing
management equipment to cover/protect
wounds and prevent hypothermia

Hemorrhagic shock fluid management

takes precedence over burn fluid
resuscitation

YES
Initiate Fluid Resuscitation using USAISR Rule
Burns >20%?
of 10 using LR, NS or Hextend

USAISR Rule of 10 Fluid Calculation: NO

%TBSA X 10 ml/hour for adults 40-80 kg
(for every 10 kg above 80 kg, increase rate by
100 ml/hour

Do not exceed 1000 ml of

Hextend for burn resuscitation,
but can be followed by LR or NS.

Extra emphasis should be placed

on hypothermia prevention and IV Indicates All Combatants
warming for burn patients. SPLINT FRACTURES
and Combat Lifesaver
capability level skill

Splint Fractures and re-check pulses

Indicates Combat Medic
capability level skill

CONTINUE TACTICAL EVACUATION CARE

Indicates Combat
Paramedic or SOF Medic
capability level skill
31
 TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE
ALGORITHM

TACTICAL EVACUATION CARE

(TACEVAC)

COMMUNICATION
In accordance with
CoTCCC Guidelines
As Of: 31 JAN 2017 Communicate with casualty and medical providers
in evacuation chain

Communicate with Communicate with

Casualty Receiving Medical Facility

Encourage, reassure, explain Communicate with medical

care if possible providers on evac asset if
possible.

Relay mechanism of injury,

injuries sustained, signs/
symptoms, and treatments
rendered.

CPR may be attempted in TACEVAC if

casualty does not have obviously fatal
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
wounds and quickly arriving at a surgical
(CPR)
capability. CPR should not be attempted
Considerations
if compromising the mission or denying
lifesaving treatment to other casualties.

Casualties with torso or polytrauma with

no pulse or respirations should have
bilateral needle decompression performed
to confirm/deny tension pneumothorax
prior to discontinuing care.

DOCUMENTATION

Document clinical assessments, treatments rendered,

and changes on DD1380 TCCC Card and forward with
casualty to next level of care.

Indicates All Combatants

and Combat Lifesaver
NEXT LEVEL CARE capability level skill

Indicates Combat Medic

capability level skill

Indicates Combat
Paramedic or SOF Medic
capability level skill
32
33
34
 TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE
(TCCC / TC3)

TRIAGE CATEGORIES

IMMEDIATE
This category includes those casualties who require an immediate LSI and/or surgery. Put simply, if medical attention is not provided they will die.
The key to successful triage is to locate these individuals as quickly as possible. Casualties do not remain in this category for an extended
period of time. They are either found, triaged and treated, or they die! Hemodynamically unstable casualties with airway obstruction, chest or
abdominal injuries, massive external bleeding, or shock deserve this classification.

DELAYED
This category includes those wounded who are likely to need surgery, but whose general condition permits delay in surgical treatment without
unduly endangering the life, limb, or eyesight of the casualty. Sustaining treatment will be required (e.g., oral or IV fluids, splinting,
administration of antibiotics and pain control), but can possibly wait. Examples of casualties in this category include those with no evidence of
shock who have; large soft tissue wounds, fractures of major bones, intra-abdominal and/or thoracic wounds, and burns to less than 20% of total
body surface area (TBSA).
MINIMAL
Casualties in this category are often referred as the walking wounded. Although these patients may appear to be in bad shape at first, it is their
physiologic state that tells the true story. These casualties have minor injuries (e.g., small burns, lacerations, abrasions, or small fractures) that
can usually be treated with self- or buddy-aid. These casualties should be utilized for mission requirements (e.g., scene security), to help treat
and/or transport the more seriously wounded, or put back into the fight.

EXPECTANT
Casualties in this category have wounds that are so extensive, that even if they were the sole casualty and had the benefit of optimal
medical resources, their survival would be highly unlikely. Even so, expectant casualties should not be neglected. They should receive
comfort measures and pain medication if possible, and they deserve re-triage as appropriate. Examples of expectant casualties are the
unresponsive with injuries such as penetrating head trauma with obvious massive damage to the brain.

EVACUATION PRECEDENCE

URGENT / CATEGORY A PRIORITY / CATEGORY B ROUTINE / CATEGORY C

(WITHIN 2 HOURS) * (WITHIN 4 HOURS) (WITHIN 24 HOURS)

Significant injuries from a dismounted

Isolated, open extremity fracture with
IED attack
bleeding controlled Concussion (mild traumatic brain injury)
Gunshot wound or penetrating shrapnel to
Any casualty with a tourniquet in place Gunshot wound to extremity - bleeding
chest, abdomen, or pelvis Penetrating or other serious eye injury controlled without tourniquet
Any casualty with ongoing airway Significant soft-tissue injury without Minor soft-tissue shrapnel injury
difficulty major bleeding Closed fracture with intact distal pulses
Any casualty with ongoing respiratory Extremity injury with absent distal pulses Burns over < 10% Total Body Surface
difficulty Burns over 10-20% of Total Body Surface Area
Unconscious casualty Area
Casualty with known or suspected spinal
injury
Casualty in shock
Casualty with bleeding that is difficult to
control
Moderate/Severe TBI * Note that by Secretary of Defense directive, all casualties categorized as CAT A in the
Burns greater than 20% Total Body Afghanistan theater of operations should be able to be evacuated to an MTF with a surgical
Surface Area capability within 60 minutes from the time that the evacuation mission is approved.

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MEDEVAC REQUEST

MEDEVAC REQUEST 9-LINE

LINE 1: LOCATION OF UNIT HLZ GRID (MGRS):

LINE 2: CALLSIGN AND CALLSIGN:

FREQUENCY AT THE PZ
FREQUENCY:

LINE 3: NUMBER AND A: Number of Urgent Casualties

PRECEDENCE OF CASUALTIES B: Number of Priority Casualties
C: Number of Routine Casualties

LINE 4: SPECIAL EQUIPMENT A: None

REQUIRED B: Hoist
C: Extraction
D: Ventilator
E: Other (specify)
LINE 5: NUMBER OF L: Number of Litter Casualties
CASUALTIES BY TYPE A: Number of Ambulatory Casualties
E: Number of Escorts

LINE 6: SECURITY AT PZ N: No enemy

P: Possible enemy
E: Enemy in area
X: Armed escort required
LINE 7: PZ MARKING A: Panels
B: Pyrotechnics
C: Smoke (designate color)
D: None
E: Other (specify)
LINE 8: CASUALTIES BY A: US/Coalition Military
NATIONALITY/STATUS B: US/Coalition Civilian
C: Non-Coalition
D: Non-Coalition Civilian
E: Opposing Forces/Detainee
F: Child

LINE 9: PZ TERRAIN/OBSTACLES Brief description of significant obstacles on approach /

(CBRN CONTAMINATION IF APPLICABLE) departure headings and type of predominant terrain for the
HLZ

In accordance with and excerpted from

Army Training Publication (ATP) 4-02.2
(Medical Evacuation)

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MIST REPORT FORMAT

MIST REPORT

M MECHANISM OF INJURY AND TIME OF INJURY (IF Mechanism of Injury and time of injury (if known)
KNOWN)

I INJURY OR ILLNESS Injury or Illness

S SYMPTOMS AND VITAL SIGNS A Airway status

B Breathing rate
C Pulse rate
D Conscious/Unconscious
E Other signs

T TREATMENT GIVEN Such as Tourniquet/Time Applied

Drugs administered

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POINT-OF-INJURY / TCCC AFTER ACTION REPORT

The POI/TCCC AAR can be found electronically at:

www.cotccc.com
or
www.usaisr.amedd.army.mil/pdfs/POI_TCCC_AAR_26Apr2013.pdf
or
atn.army.mil.

The TCCC AAR is to be completed within 72 hours of the injury

occurring, by the POI Medical team or Role I, and sent to the DoD
Trauma Registry (DoDTR).

E-mail To:
[email protected].

The DoDTR is the data repository for DoD trauma-related injuries. The goal of this registry is to document, in
electronic format, information about the demographics, injury-producing incident, diagnosis and treatment, and
outcome of injuries sustained by US/Non-US military and US/ Non-US civilian personnel in wartime and peacetime
from the point of wounding to final disposition. The JTS collects data from TCCC cards (DD Form 1380, TCCC AARs
and from the Armed Forces Medical Examiner Services (AFMES). Documentation is vital to accumulate data in the
DoD Trauma registry, formerly the Joint Theater Trauma Registry (JTTR). The JTS functions as:

1. JTS Operations consisting of; Data Acquisition mines Medical records to abstract, code, and enter critical
trauma data into the DoDTR database. Data Analysis develops, queries, and provides data from the DoDTR in
response to requests for information and conducts classified and non-classified data analysis. Data Automation
supports the information technology for the DoDTR and data-related special projects.

2. Trauma Care Delivery maintains a database of operational and physiologic parameters related to
delivery of en route care and has evaluated the validity of the "Golden Hour" standard for movement of casualties
from point of injury to the first surgical capability. The addition of a military en route care registry (MERCuRY) will
capture all ground, air and ship transport care.

3. Performance Improvement (PI) coordinates improvement activities across the spectrum of trauma care
developing PI course content and training for combatant command trauma system development.

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POINT-OF-INJURY / TCCC AFTER ACTION REPORT

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POINT-OF-INJURY / TCCC AFTER ACTION REPORT

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In accordance with
COTCCC RECOMMENDED DEVICES & ADJUNCTS
CoTCCC Guidelines
As Of: 31 JAN 2017

TOURNIQUETS
Common Name / Brand Name DLA Nomenclature NSN
Combat Application Tourniquet (CAT) Tourniquet, Nonpneumatic 6515-01-521-7976
SOF-Tactical Tourniquet (SOFTT) Tourniquet, Nonpneumatic One-Hand w Handles 6515-01-530-7015
Emergency Medical Tourniquet (EMT) Tourniquet, Pneumatic Single-hand application 6515-01-580-1645

HEMOSTATIC DRESSINGS/DEVICES
Common Name / Brand Name DLA Nomenclature NSN
Combat Gauze (CG) Z-Fold Bandage, Gauze Kaolin Impregnated 3X4" 6510-01-562-3325
Celox Gauze, Z-fold 5' Dressing, Hemostatic Celox Gauze 3"X5' folded 6510-01623-9910
ChitoGauze Dressing, Hemostatic 3X144" coated with Chitosan 6510-01-591-7740
X-Stat, Single Applicator Applicator, Hemostatic Sponges and Dispenser 6510-01-644-7335

JUNCTIONAL TOURNIQUETS & DEVICES

Common Name / Brand Name DLA Nomenclature NSN
Combat-Ready Clamp (CRoC) Clamp, Tourniquet Expandable Aluminum 6515-01-589-9135
SAM Junctional Tourniquet (SAM-JT) Tourniquet Kit Junctional Compression 6515-01-618-7475
Junctional Emergency Treatment Tool (JETT) Tourniquet, Inguinal Hemorrhage Adjustable 6515-01-616-5841

AIRWAY MANAGEMENT DEVICES & ADJUNCTS

Common Name / Brand Name DLA Nomenclature NSN
Control Cric / CricKey Cricothyrotomy System 6515-01-640-6701

DLA Defense Logistics Agency

DLA Nomenclature is the naming convention terminology used in DoD supply systems and
often differ from common, brand, or product names.

NSN National Stock Number. A NSN is 13-digit code identifying all standardized material
supply items recognized by NATO countries and the DoD.

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TCCC
PHARMACOLOGY REFERENCE

The TCCC pharmacology reference provides drug information as based on administration

based solely on the TCCC Guidelines. These references should not be used for the
administration of these medications for any environment outside of tactical combat casualty
care on the battlefield or in the combat/tactical setting.

ACETAMINOPHEN (TYLENOL)
Class: CNS agent non-narcotic, analgesic, antipyretic
TCCC Indications: For mild to moderate pain management for a casualty that is still able to fight as a component of the Combat
Wound Medication Pack (CWMP)
DOSE: 325650 mg PO q46h (max: 4 g/d)
Onset / Peak / Duration: Onset Varies / Peak 1-3 hours / Duration 3-4 hours
Administration Instructions: PO
Contraindications: Acetaminophen hypersensitivity; use with alcohol; pregnancy category B
Adverse/Side Effects: Negligible with recommended dose; rash; acute poisoning: anorexia, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, lethargy,
diaphoresis, chills, epigastric or abdominal pain, diarrhea; hepatotoxicity: elevation of liver function tests; hypoglycemia, hepatic
coma, acute renal failure; chronic ingestion: neutropenia, pancytopenia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenic purpura, renal damage
Interactions: Cholestyramine may decrease absorption; barbiturates, carbamazepine, phenytoin, rifampin, and excessive alcohol
use may increase potential for hepatotoxicity
Mission Impact: None to minimal mission impact
K-9 Dosage: DO NOT GIVE

ERTAPENEM (INVANZ)
Class: Antimicrobial antibiotic, carbapenem, beta-lactam
TCCC Indications: Recommended for all open combat wounds if unable to take PO meds
DOSE: 1 gram IV/IM q24h
Administration Instructions: For IV reconstitute with 10mL NS; for IM 3.2mL 1.0% lidocaine without epinephrine
Contraindications: Carbapenem, beta-lactam, or amide-type local anesthetic (ie. Lidocaine) hypersensitivity; pregnancy cat B
Adverse/Side Effects: Injection site phlebitis or thrombosis; asthenia, fatigue, death, fever, leg pain, anxiety, altered mental status,
dizziness, headache, insomnia; chest pain, hypo- or hypertension, tachycardia, edema; abdominal pain, diarrhea, acid reflux,
constipation, dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, increased LFTs; cough, dyspnea, pharyngitis, rales, rhonchi, respiratory distress;
erythema, pruritus, rash
Interactions: Probenecid decreases renal excretion
Mission Impact: GROUNDING medication for personnel on flight status

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TCCC
PHARMACOLOGY REFERENCE

FENTANYL ORAL LOZENGE / ORAL TRANSMUCOSAL FENTANYL CITRATE (OTFC)

Class: CNS agent - potent narcotic (opiate) agonist
TCCC Indications: For moderate to severe pain management for a casualty that IS NOT in shock or respiratory distress and IS
NOT at significant risk of developing either condition.
DOSE: 800 mcg oral transmucossally, reassess in 15 min, add a second lozenge in other cheek as necessary.
Administration Instructions: Document AVPU prior to administration. Place lozenge between the cheek and gum; do not chew
lozenge. Recommend taping lozenge-on-a-stick to casualtys finger as an added safety OR utilizing a safety pin and rubber band to
attach the lozenge (under tension) to the patients uniform or plate carrier. Monitor for respiratory depression. Administer Nalaxone
as reversal if needed. Be prepared to provide ventilatory support with a BVM.
Contraindications: MAOIs; myasthenia gravis; pregnancy category C
Adverse/Side Effects: Sedation, euphoria, dizziness, diaphoresis, delirium, convulsions; bradycardia, hypotension, circulatory
depression, cardiac arrest; miosis, blurred vision; nausea, vomiting, constipation, ileus; muscle and thoracic muscle rigidity; urinary
retention, rash; laryngospasm, bronchoconstriction, respiratory depression or arrest
Interactions: Alcohol and other CNS depressants potentiate effects; MAOIs may precipitate hypertensive crisis
Mission Impact: Casualty weapons, communications and sensitive equipment should be secured. GROUNDING medication for
personnel on flight status.

KETAMINE (KETALAR)
Class: Nonbarbiturate anesthetic, Dissociative
TCCC Indications: For moderate to severe pain management for a casualty that IS in hemorrhagic shock or respiratory distress or
is at significant risk of developing either condition. Also a useful adjunct to reduce the amount of opioids required to manage pain.
DOSE: 50 mg IM or IN, Repeat doeses q30min prn IM or IN (max: 4 g/d)
OR
20 mg slow IV or IO, Repeat doses q20min prn IV or IO (max: 4g/d)
Onset / Duration: IM Onset in 3-4 minutes / Duration 12-25 minutes IV Onset in 30 seconds / Duration 5-10 minutes
Administration Instructions: Document AVPU prior to administration. IV Ketamine should be administered slowly over 1 minute.
End points: Control of pain or development of nystagmus (rhythmic bac-and-forth movement of eyes). Be prepared to suction as
Ketamine can increase secretions. Be prepared to provide ventilatory support with a BVM.
Contraindications: Head injury (may worsen severe TBI), Hypersensitivity to ketamine, Pregnancy Category B
Adverse/Side Effects: Hypertension, Respiratory Depression, Emergence Reactions (delirium, hallucinations, confusion),
Increased Intra-cranial pressure, Increased intra-ocular pressure
Interactions: Effects of ketamine are increased when combined with other analgesics or muscle relaxants
Mission Impact: Casualty weapons, communications and sensitive equipment should be secured. GROUNDING medication for
personnel on flight status.
K-9 Dosage: 100-150mg (3-5mg/kg) IV/IM (best given in conjunction with diazepam 7.5mg or medazolam 7.5mg for profound
sedation)

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TCCC
PHARMACOLOGY REFERENCE

MELOXICAM (MOBIC)
Class: NSAID; COX2 Inhibitor, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic
TCCC Indications: For mild to moderate pain management for a casualty that is still able to fight as a component of the Combat
Wound Medication Pack (CWMP)
DOSE: 7.515 mg PO daily
Administration Instructions: PO
Contraindications: NSAID or salicylate hypersensitivity; rhinitis, urticaria, angioedema, asthma; severe renal or hepatic disease;
pregnancy category C (1st/2nd trimester) and category D (3rd trimester)
Adverse/Side Effects: Edema, flu-like syndrome, pain; abdominal pain, diarrhea, dyspepsia, flatulence, nausea, constipation,
ulceration, GI bleed; anemia; arthralgia; dizziness, headache, insomnia; pharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infection, cough; rash,
pruritus; urinary frequency, UTI
Interactions: May decrease effect of ACE inhibitors and diuretics; may increase lithium levels and toxicity; aspirin may increase GI
bleed risk; warfarin and herbals (feverfew, garlic, ginger, ginkgo) may increase bleeding.
Mission Impact: None to minimal mission impact
K-9 Dosage: DO NOT GIVE

MORPHINE SULFATE (MSO4)

Class: CNS agent narcotic (opiate) agonist; analgesic
TCCC Indications: Alternative to OTFC moderate to severe pain management for a casualty for a casualty that IS NOT in shock or
respiratory distress and IS NOT at significant risk of developing either condition.
DOSE: 5 mg IV/IO, Reassess in 10 min, repeat dose every 10 min as necessary to control severe pain.
Onset / Peak / Duration: IV Onset in 5-20 minutes / Peak in 20 minutes / Duration 4-5 hours
Administration Instructions: Document AVPU prior to administration. Monitor for respiratory depression. Administer Nalaxone as
reversal if needed. Be prepared to provide ventilatory support with a BVM.
Contraindications: Opiate hypersensitivity; increased ICP; seizures; acute alcoholism; acute bronchial asthma, chronic pulmonary
disease, severe respiratory depression; chemical-irritant induced pulmonary edema; BPH; diarrhea due to poisoning until toxic
material has been eliminated; undiagnosed acute abdominal conditions; following biliary tract surgery and surgical anastomosis;
pancreatitis; acute ulcerative colitis; severe liver or renal insufficiency; hypothyroidism; pregnancy category B
Adverse/Side Effects: Pruritus, rash, urticaria, edema, anaphylactoid reaction; sweating, skeletal muscle flaccidity; cold, clammy
skin, hypothermia; euphoria, insomnia, disorientation, visual disturbances, dysphoria, paradoxic CNS stimulation (restlessness,
tremor, delirium, insomnia), convulsions; decreased cough reflex, drowsiness, dizziness, deep sleep, coma; miosis; bradycardia,
palpitations, syncope; flushing of face, neck, and upper thorax; orthostatic hypotension, cardiac arrest; constipation, anorexia, dry
mouth, biliary colic, nausea, vomiting, elevated LFTs; urinary retention or urgency, dysuria, oliguria, reduced libido or potency;
severe respiratory depression or arrest; pulmonary edema
Interactions: CNS depressants, sedatives, barbiturates, alcohol, benzodiazepines, and TCAs potentiate CNS depressant effects;
MAOIs may precipitate hypertensive crisis; phenothiazines may antagonize analgesia; herbals (Kava-kava, valerian, St. John's wort)
may increase sedation.
Mission Impact: Casualty weapons, communications and sensitive equipment should be secured. GROUNDING medication for
personnel on flight status.
K-9 Dosage: 2-3mg IV OR 10-20mg IM/SQ. Nausea/emesis and defication common. Reverse with 1mg Nalaxone IV/IM/SQ.

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TCCC
PHARMACOLOGY REFERENCE

MOXIFLOXACIN (AVELOX)
Class: Antimicrobial antibiotic; fluoroquinolone
TCCC Indications: Recommended for all open combat wounds if unable to take PO meds as a component of the Combat Wound
Medication Pack (CWMP)
DOSE: 400 mg PO qd
Onset / Peak / Duration: Onset Varies / Peak 1-3 hours / Duration 3-4 hours
Administration Instructions: PO
Contraindications: Quinolone hypersensitivity; hepatic insufficiency; syphilis; arrhythmias; myocardial ischemia or infarction; QTc
prolongation, hypokalemia, or those receiving Class IA or Class III antiarrhythmic drugs; pregnancy category C.
Adverse/Side Effects: Dizziness, headache, peripheral neuropathy, nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting, taste perversion,
abnormal LFTs, dyspepsia, tendon rupture.
Interactions: Iron, zinc, antacids, aluminum, magnesium, calcium, sucralfate decrease absorption; atenolol, cisapride,
erythromycin, antipsychotics, TCAs, quinidine, procainamide, amiodarone, sotalol may prolong QTC interval; may cause false
positive on opiate screening tests.
Mission Impact: GROUNDING medication for personnel on flight status.
K-9 Dosage: DO NOT GIVE

NALAXONE (NARCAN)
Class: CNS agent narcotic (opiate) antagonist
TCCC Indications: For narcotic opiate overdose and reversal of effects, including respiratory depression, sedation, and
hypotension.
DOSE: 0.42.0 mg IV, repeat q23min up to 10 mg prn
Onset / Peak / Duration: IV Onset in 1-2 minutes / Peak in 5-15 minutes / Duration 45 minutes or longer
IM Onset in 2-5 minutes / Peak in 5-15 minutes / Duration 45 minutes or longer
Administration Instructions: Have available when administering opioids. Titrate to effect to manage negative opioid effects, but
use caution that pain is still managed.
Contraindications: Non-opioid drug respiratory depression; pregnancy category B
Adverse/Side Effects: Analgesia reversal, tremors, hyperventilation, drowsiness, sweating; increased BP, tachycardia; nausea,
vomiting.
Interactions: Reverses analgesic effects of narcotic (opiate) agonists and agonist-antagonists.
Mission Impact: GROUNDING medication for personnel on flight status.
K-9 Dosage: 1mg (0.02-0.04mg/kg) IV/IM

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TCCC
PHARMACOLOGY REFERENCE

ONDASETRON ORAL DISSOLVING TABLET (ZOFRAN)

Class: GI agent 5-HT3 antagonist, antiemetic
TCCC Indications: For prevention and management of nausea and vomiting associated with pain management medications.
DOSE: 325650 mg PO q46h (max: 4 g/d)
Administration Instructions: PO
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to ondansetron; pregnancy category B
Adverse/Side Effects: Dizziness, light-headedness, headache, sedation; diarrhea, constipation, dry mouth
Interactions: Rifampin may decrease ondansetron levels
Mission Impact: GROUNDING medication for personnel on flight status.

TRANEXEMIC ACID (TXA, CYKLOKAPRON)

Class: Antifibrinolytic agent
TCCC Indications: For patients anticipated to need significant blood transfusion; hemorrhagic shock, one or more major
amputations, penetrating torso trauma, or evidence of severe bleeding.
DOSE: 1 gram in separate 100cc of NS or LR slow IV push over 10 min. Do not administer in same bag as blood products or
Hextend. Administer a second infusion of 1 gram after 500cc fluid challenge.
Administration Instructions: Administer as soon as possible but not later than 3 hours after injury. Ensure documentation on
casualty card and/or attach/write on patients chest wall.
Contraindications: subarachnoid hemorrhage, active intravascular clotting, Pregnancy Category B.
Adverse/Side Effects: Blurred vision or impaired color vision. Gastrointestinal disturbances (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) may
occur but disappear when the dosage is reduced. Hypotension has been observed when intravenous injection is too rapid. To
avoid this response, the solution should not be injected more rapidly than 100mg per minute.
Interactions: should not be administered concomitantly with Factor IX Complex concentrates or Anti-inhibitor Coagulant
concentrates, as the risk of thrombosis may be increased.

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EXAMPLE TACTICAL MEDICAL CONOP

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ABOUT THE
COMMITTEE ON TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE
AND THE JOINT TRAUMA SYSTEM

CoTCCC MISSION:
To develop on an ongoing basis the best possible
set of trauma care guidelines customized for the
tactical environment and to facilitate the transition
of these recommendations into battlefield trauma
care practice.

The Committee on Tactical Combat Casualty Care (CoTCCC) is the Prehospital arm of the Joint Trauma System for the
Department of Defense.

The CoTCCC is composed of 42 voting members specially selected as subject-matter experts in trauma, battlefield medicine,
tactical medicine, prehospital medicine and their experience in the deployed combat environment.

The TCCC Working Group is composed of the CoTCCC and hundreds of subject-matter experts across many domains and
liaisons from DoD, Government and Partner nation organizations.

The CoTCCC and the TCCC Working Group focus all of their efforts on providing the best recommendations for training and
equipment for our individual service members, combat medics, corpsman, pararescue, and med techs going into harm's way
around the world.

JTS MISSION:
The mission of the Joint Trauma System (JTS) is to provide evidence-
based process improvement of trauma and combat casualty care, to
drive morbidity and mortality to the lowest possible levels, and to
provide evidence-based recommendations on trauma care and
trauma systems across the Department of Defense (DoD).

The DoD CENTER OF EXCELLENCE FOR TRAUMA

DATA ACQUISITION: Mines the medical records to abstract, code, and enters critical trauma data into the DoDTR database for use in
support of the JTS mission.

DATA ANALYSIS: Develops queries and provides data from the DoDTR in response to requests for information. Conducts classified and
non-classified data analysis.

DATA AUTOMATION: Supports the information technology for the DoDTR and data-related special projects. Designs and implements
special-project database applications, related architecture, and documentation. Handles documentation needs for JTS to maintain Program
compliance with the Defense Health Agency.

PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT: Coordinates performance improvement (PI) activities across the spectrum of trauma care. Participates
in the development, maintenance, and adherence to Clinical Practice Guidelines. Develops PI course content and training, and resolves
trauma system patient care issues.

EDUCATION: Develops and conducts pre-deployment training of the Joint Theater Trauma System (JTTS) teams, DoDTR user training, and
JTS staff training. Develops educational products for combatant command trauma system development. Secures continuing education
credits and coordinates performance improvement and other trauma related courses.

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TCCC REFERENCES & SELECTED READING

TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE IN SPECIAL OPERATIONS.

BUTLER FK, HAGMANN J, BUTLER EG. MIL MED. 1996;161(SUPPL):316. (ORIGINAL TCCC ARTICLE)

PREHOPSITAL TRAUMA LIFE SUPPORT (PHTLS) MANUAL, 8TH EDITION (MILITARY)

Butler FK, Giebner SD, Pons PT, McSwain NE, eds. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning; 2014.

SAVING LIVES ON THE BATTLEFIELD: A JOINT TRAUMA SYSTEM REVIEW OF PRE-HOSPITAL TRAUMA CARE IN
COMBINED JOINT OPERATING AREAAFGHANISTAN (CJOA-A) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.
KOTWAL RS, BUTLER FK, EDGAR EP, SHACKELFORD SA, BENNETT DR, BAILEY JA. J SPEC OPER MED . 2013;13(1):77 85.

SAVING LIVES ON THE BATTLEFIELD (PART II) - ONE YEAR LATER: A JOINT THEATER TRAUMA SYSTEM
AND JOINT TRAUMA SYSTEM REVIEW OF PREHOSPITAL TRAUMA CARE IN COMBINED JOINT OPERATIONS
AREA-AFGHANISTAN (CJOA-A).
SAUER SW, ROBINSON JB, SMITH MP, GROSS KR, KOTWAL RS, MABRY RL, BUTLER FK, STOCKINGER ZT, BAILEY JA, MAVITY ME, GILLIES
DA 2ND J SPEC OPER MED. 2015 SUMMER;15(2):25-41

ELIMINATING PREVENTABLE DEATH ON THE BATTLEFIELD.

KOTWAL RS, MONTGOMERY HR, KOTWAL BM, CHAMPION HR, BUTLER FK JR, MABRY RL, CAIN JS, BLACKBOURNE LH, MECHLER KK,
HOLCOMB JB. ARCH SURG. 2011 DEC;146(12):1350-8. DOI: 10.1001/ARCHSURG.2011.213. EPUB 2011 AUG 15.

TRAGEDY INTO DRAMA: AN AMERICAN HISTORY OF TOURNIQUET USE IN THE CURRENT WAR.
KRAGH JF JR, WALTERS TJ, WESTMORELAND T, MILLER RM, MABRY RL, KOTWAL RS, RITTER BA, HODGE DC, GREYDANUS DJ, CAIN JS,
PARSONS DS, EDGAR EP, HARCKE T, BAER DG, DUBICK MA, BLACKBOURNE LH,MONTGOMERY HR, HOLCOMB JB, BUTLER FK. J SPEC
OPER MED. 2013 FALL;13(3):5-25.

DEATH ON THE BATTLEFIELD (2001-2011): IMPLICATIONS FOR THE FUTURE OF COMBAT CASUALTY CARE.
EASTRIDGE BA, MABRY RL, SEGUIN P, CANTRELL J, TOPS T, URIBE P, MALLET O, ZUBKO T, OETJEN-GERDES L, RASMUSSEN TE, BUTLER
FK, KOTWAL R, HOLCOMB JB, WADE C, CHAMPION H, LAWNICK M, MOORES L, BLACKBOURNE LH. J TRAUMA ACUTE CARE SURG. 2012
VOLUME 73, NUMBER 6, SUPPLEMENT 5.

IMPLEMENTING AND PRESERVING THE ADVANCES IN COMBAT CASUALTY CARE FROM IRAQ AND
AFGHANISTAN THROUGHOUT THE US MILITARY.
BUTLER FK JR, SMITH DJ, CARMONA RH. J TRAUMA ACUTE CARE SURG. 2015 VOLUME 79, NUMBER 2.

LEADERSHIP LESSONS LEARNED IN TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE.

BUTLER FK. J TRAUMA ACUTE CARE SURG. 2017.

TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE: BEGINNINGS.

BUTLER FK. WILDERNESS ENVIRON MED. 2017

THE TRANSITION TO THE COMMITTEE ON TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE.

GIEBNER SD. WILDERNESS ENVIRON MED. 2017

BATTLEFIELD TRAUMA CARE THEN AND NOW: A DECADE OF TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE.
BUTLER FK, BLACKBOURNE LH. J TRAUMA ACUTE CARE SURG. 2012 VOLUME 73, NUMBER 6

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TCCC CHANGE REFERENCES

2010-2017

TCCC GUIDELINES COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW AND UPDATE: TCCC GUIDELINES CHANGE 16-03.
MONTGOMERY HR, BUTLER FK, KERR W, CONKLIN CC, MORISSETTE DJ, REMLEY MA, SHAW TA, RICH TA. J SPEC OPER MED. 2017 SUMMER;17(2):19-36.

THE USE OF PELVIC BINDERS IN TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE: TCCC GUIDELINES CHANGE 16-02.
SHACKELFORD SA, HAMMESFAHR R, MORISSETTE D, MONTGOMERY HR, KERR W, BROUSSARD M, BENNETT BL, DORLAC WC, BREE S, BUTLER FK. J SPEC
OPER MED. 2017 SPRING;17(1):135-147.

MANAGEMENT OF EXTERNAL HEMORRHAGE IN TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE: THE ADJUNCTIVE USE OF XSTAT
COMPRESSED HEMOSTATIC SPONGES: TCCC GUIDELINES CHANGE 15-03.
SIMS K, MONTGOMERY HR, BOWLING F, DITURO P, KHEIRABADI BS, BUTLER FK JR, J SPEC OPER MED. 2016 SPRING;16(1):19-28.

EMERGENCY CRICOTHYROIDOTOMY IN TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE.

MABRY R, FRANKFURT A, KHAROD C, BUTLER F. J SPEC OPER MED. 2015 FALL;15(3):11-19.

REPLACEMENT OF PROMETHAZINE WITH ONDANSETRON FOR TREATMENT OF OPIOID- AND TRAUMA-RELATED NAUSEA AND
VOMITING IN TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE: TCCC GUIDELINES CHANGE 14-03.
ONIFER DJ, BUTLER FK JR, GROSS KR, OTTEN EJ, PATTON R, RUSSELL RJ, STOCKINGER Z. J SPEC OPER MED. 2015 SUMMER;15(2):9-16.

OPTIMIZING THE USE OF LIMB TOURNIQUETS IN TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE: TCCC GUIDELINES CHANGE 14-02.
SHACKELFORD SA, BUTLER FK JR, KRAGH JF JR, STEVENS RA, SEERY JM, PARSONS DL, MONTGOMERY HR, KOTWAL RS, MABRY RL, BAILEY JA. J SPEC
OPER MED. 2015 SPRING;15(1):17-31.

FLUID RESUSCITATION FOR HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK IN TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE: TCCC GUIDELINES CHANGE 14-01
BUTLER FK, HOLCOMB JB, SCHREIBER MA, KOTWAL RS, JENKINS DA, CHAMPION HR, BOWLING F, CAP AP, DUBOSE JJ, DORLAC WC, DORLAC GR, MCSWAIN
NE, TIMBY JW, BLACKBOURNE LH, STOCKINGER ZT, STRANDENES G, WEISKOPF RB, GROSS KR, BAILEY JA. 2 JUNE 2014. J SPEC OPER MED. 2014
FALL;14(3):13-38. REVIEW.

MANAGEMENT OF EXTERNAL HEMORRHAGE IN TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE: CHITOSAN-BASED HEMOSTATIC GAUZE
DRESSINGS: TCCC GUIDELINES CHANGE 13-05
BENNETT DR, LITTLEJOHN L, KHEIRABADI BS, BUTLER FK, KOTWAL RS, DUBICK MA, BAILEY JA. J SPEC OPER MED. 2014 FALL;14(3):12-29.

A TRIPLE-OPTION ANALGESIA PLAN FOR TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE: TCCC GUIDELINES CHANGE 13-04
BUTLER FK, KOTWAL RS, BUCKENMAIER CC 3RD, EDGAR EP, OCONNOR KC, MONTGOMERY HR, SHACKELFORD SA, GANDY JV 3RD, WEDMORE IS, TIMBY
JW, GROSS KR,BAILEY JA. . J SPEC OPER MED. 2014 SPRING;14(1):13-25.

MANAGEMENT OF JUNCTIONAL HEMORRHAGE IN TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE: TCCC GUIDELINES CHANGE 13-03.
KOTWAL RS, BUTLER FK, GROSS KR, KRAGH JF, KHEIRABADI BS, BAER DG, DUBICK MA, RASMUSSEN TE, WEBER MA, BAILEY JA. J SPEC OPER MED. 2013
WINTER;13(4):85-93.

MANAGEMENT OF OPEN PNEUMOTHORAX IN TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE: TCCC GUIDELINES CHANGE 13-02.
BUTLER FK, DUBOSE JJ, OTTEN EJ, BENNETT DR, GERHARDT RT, KHEIRABADI BS, GROSS KR, CAP AP, LITTLEJOHN LF, EDGAR EP, SHACKELFORD SA,
BLACKBOURNE LH, KOTWAL RS, HOLCOMB JB, BAILEY JA. J SPEC OPER MED. 2013 FALL;13(3):81-6.

THE TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE CASUALTY CARD TCCC GUIDELINES PROPOSED CHANGE 1301.
KOTWAL RS, BUTLER FK, MONTGOMERY HR, BRUNSTETTER TJ, DIAZ GY, KIRKPATRICK JW, SUMMERS NL, SHACKELFORD SA, HOLCOMB JB, BAILEY JA. J
SPEC OPER MED. 2013 SUMMER;13(2):82-7.

MANAGEMENT OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY IN TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE.

DEFENSE HEALTH BOARD MEMO, 2012-04, 26 JUL 2012.

DHB RECOMMENDATION REGARDING THE ADDITION OF TRANEXAMIC AICD TO THE TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE
GUIDELINES.
DEFENSE HEALTH BOARD MEMO, 2011-06, 23 SEP 2011.

DHB RECOMMENDATION PERTAINING TO TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE GUIDELINES ON THE PREVENTION OF
HYPOTHERMIA.
DEFENSE HEALTH BOARD MEMO, 2010-06, 10 DEC 2010.

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 TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE
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GLOSSARY

AAL a nterior a xillary l ine JTS Joi nt Tra uma Sys tem
ASAP a s s oon as possible JTTS joi nt theater tra uma s ystem
AVPU Al ert/Verbal/Pain/Unresponsive LR La cta ted Ringer's
AXP a mbulance exchange point LSI l i fe-savi ng intervention
BAS ba ttalion aid s tation MASSCAL ma s s casualty
BVM ba g-valve-mask MEDEVAC medi cal evacuation
CASEVAC ca s ualty evacuation mmHG mi l limeters of mercury
CAT Comba t Application Tourniquet MSO4 Morphi ne Sulfate
CCP ca s ualty collection point MTF medi cal treatment facility
CEP ca s ualty evacuation point NS norma l saline / s odium chloride
CG Comba t Gauze
ODT ora l ly disolving tablet
Cl a ss VIII cl a ss of s upply for medical
OTFC ora l trnsmucosal fentanyl ci trate
CLS comba t lifesaver
PCO2 pa rti al pressure of carbon dioxide
COMSEC communications security
PI performance i mprovement
CoTCCC Commi ttee on Tactical Combat Casualty Ca re
PO by mouth / ora l
CPG cl i nical practice guidelines
POI poi nt-of-injury
CRoC Comba t Ready Cl amp
PRN pro re na ta (as needed/circumstances require)
CRS ca s ualty response system
RBC red bl ood cells
CTS Comba t Tra uma Sys tem
SAM-JT SAM-Juncti onal Tourniquet
CUF Ca re Under Fire (phase)
SBP s ys tolic blood pressure
CWMP comba t wound medication pack
SGA s upraglottic airway
DoDTR department of defense trauma registry
SOF s pecial operations forces
EMT Emergency Medical Tourniquet
HLZ hel copter landing zone SOFT-T Special Operations Forces Ta ctical Tourniquet

HPMK Hypothermia Prevention and Management Ki t SOP s tandard operating procedure

HRS Hea t Reflective Shell TACEVAC Ta cti cal Evacuation (phase)

IAW i n a ccordance with TBI tra umatic brain i njury
IED i mprovised explosive device TBSA tota l body s urface area
IM i ntra muscular TCCC or TC3 Ta ctical Combat Casualty Ca re
IN i ntra nasal TFC Ta ctical Field Ca re (phase)
IO i ntra osseous TQ tourni quet
IV i ntra venous TXA tra nexamic a cid
JETT Junctional Emergency Treatment Tool USAISR US Army Ins titute of Surgical Research

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 TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE
(TCCC / TC3)

CONVERSIONS

Conversion Formulas Quick Conversions

WEIGHT LENGTH HEIGHT WEIGHT TEMPERATURE

lb = kg X 2.2 Lnches = cm X 0.394 ft/in in cm lb kg F C

kg = lb X 0.45 c = inches X 2.54 4'8" 56 142 40 18.2 212 100

4'9" 57 145 50 22.7 108 42.2
4'10" 58 147 60 27.3 107 41.6
TEMPERATURE 4'11" 59 150 70 31.8 106 41.1
5'0" 60 152 80 36.4 105 40.6
F = (1.8) X C + 32 5'1" 61 155 90 40.9 104 40.0
5'2" 62 157 100 45.5 103 39.4
C = (F 32) / (1.8) 5'3" 63 160 110 50.0 102 38.9
5'4" 64 163 120 54.5 101 38.3
Weight Conversions 5'5" 65 165 130 59.1 100 37.8
5'6" 66 168 140 63.6 99 37.2
1 oz = 30 g 1 g = 001 kg = 0.36 oz 5'7" 67 170 150 68.2 98 36.7
5'8" 68 173 160 72.7 98.6 37.0
1 lb = 16 oz = 0.45 kg 1 kg = 1000 g = 2.2 lbs 5'9" 69 175 170 77.3 97 36.1
5'10" 70 178 180 81.8 96 35.6
1 ton = 2000 lbs = 907 kg 5'11" 71 180 190 86.4 95 35.0
6'0" 72 183 200 90.9 94 34.4
1 grain = 65 mg 6'1" 73 185 210 95.5 93 34.0
6'2" 74 188 225 102.3 92 33.3
6'3" 75 191 250 113.6 91 32.8
Volume Conversions 6'4" 76 193 275 125.0 90 32.1
6'5" 77 196 300 136.4
1 fl oz = 30 ml = 30 cc 1 cc = 0.001 liter

1 US Gal = 128 fl oz = 3785 1 ml = 1 cc = 0.34 fl oz

ml
1 liter = 1000 ml = 340 fl oz

IV FLUID RATES IN DROPS PER MINUTE

ml/HR 50 75 80 100 125 150 175 200 250

10GTT- 8 13 13 17 21 25 29 33 42

15GTT- 12 19 20 25 31 37 44 50 62

60GTT- 50 75 80 100 125 150 175 200 250

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 TACTICAL COMBAT CASUALTY CARE
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TCCC
DRUG QUICK REFERENCE

ACETAMINOPHEN (Tylenol): 325-650 mg PO q8h prn (max: 4 g/d)

ERTAPENEM (Invanz): 1g IV/IM q24h

FENTANYL ORAL LOZ (Actiq): 400-800 mcg (max: 1600 mcg/d)

HETASTARCH (Hextend): 500-1000ml IV

KETAMINE (Ketalar): 50mg IM/IN q1h OR 20mg IV/IO q30m until nystagmus or max dose of
100mg

LIDOCAINE (Xylocaine): Infiltration 0.5%-2% injection

MELOXICAM (Mobic): 15 mg PO daily

MORPHINE SULFATE (MSO4): 5-15 mg slow IV push; titrate to pain

MOXIFLOXACIN (Avelox): 400 mg PO/IV daily

NALAXONE (Narcan): 0.4-2.0 mg IV/IM; repeat q2-3m up to 10 mg prn

ONDANSETRON (Zofran): 4 mg slow IV push or IM q8h prn OR 4mg ODT PO q8h prn

TRANEXEMIC ACID (TXA): 1 gm in 100cc of NS or LR slow IV push over 10m (<3h of

wounding)

Copyright, 2017 by Harold R. Montgomery

ISBN: 978-0-692-90697-2