Microwave Communications - MCQs (1- 5.

Rainfall is an important factor for

300) fading of radio waves at frequencies
above

1. __________ is the progressive decrease A. 10 GHz

of signal strength with increasing
B. 100 GHz
distance.
C. 1 GHz
A. Radiation D. 100 MHz
B. Attenuation
6. Theoretically electromagnetic radiation
C. Modulation
field strength varies in inverse proportion
D. Propagation to the square of the distance, but when
atmospheric attenuation effects and the
2. Calculate the effective earths radius if absorption of the terrain are taken into
the surface refractivity is 301. account the attenuation can be as high
as the inverse _______ power of the
distance.
A. 8493 km
B. 8493 mmi A. Third
C. 6370 km B. Fourth
D. 6370 mi C. Fifth
D. Sixth
3. If k-factor is greater than 1, the array
beam is bent
7. What do you call an attenuation that
occurs over many different wavelengths
A. Away from the earth of the carrier?
B. towards the ionosphere,
A. Rayleigh fading
C. towards the earth
B. Rician fading
D. towards the outer space
C. Wavelength fading
4. the antenna separations (in meters) D. Slow fading
required for optimum operation of a
space diversity system can be calculated
from: 8. Which of the reception problems below
that is not due to multipath?

A. S = 2R/L
A. Delayed spreading
B. S = 3R/L
B. Rayleigh fading
C. S = R/RL
C. Random Doppler shift
D. S = R/L
D. Slow fading

where R = effective earth radius (m) and

L = path length (m) 9. Which causes multipath or frequency-
selective fading?
 A. Small reflector C. At the collector end of the helix
B. Nearer reflector D. At the control grid of the
electron gun
C. Further reflector
D. Large reflector 14. Coupling into and out of a traveling-
wave tube can be accompanied by a
10. In microwave transmission using
digital radio, what causes most A. Waveguide match
intersymbol interference?
B. Cavity match
A. Delayed spreading C. Direct coax-helix match
B. Rayleigh fading D. All of the above
C. Random Doppler shift
15. a high-power microwave pulse of the
D. Slow fading order of megawatts can be generated by
a
11. A shipboard equipment which
measures the distance between the A. traveling-wave tube
ships bottom and the ocean floor.
B. magnetron
A. Fathometer C. reflex klystron
B. Echosounder D. Gunn diode
C. LORAN
16. A traveling-wave tube (TWT)
D. SONAR amplifies by virtue of

12. The cavity resonator A. The absorption of energy by the

signal from an electron stream
A. Is equivalent to an LC resonant
B. The effect of an external
circuit
magnetic field
B. In a reflect klystron has its
C. The energy contained the cavity
output taken from the reflector
resonators
plate
D. The energy liberated form the
C. Produces a frequency which is
collector
independent of the cavity size.
D. Has a low Q factor for narrow 17. What is the purpose of the
operation. electromagnetic field which surrounds a
traveling-wave tube?
13. At what position is the input signal
inserted into a traveling-wave tube? A. To accelerate the electron
B. To velocity modulate the
A. At the cathode end of the helix
electron beam
B. At the collector
 C. To keep the electrons from C. Density modulation at the input
spreading out cavity creates velocity modulation
at the output cavity
D. To slow down the signal on the
helix D. Phase modulation at the input
cavity creates velocity modulation
18. Which of the following is used as an at the output cavity.
oscillator device in the SHF band?
22. The frequency of the oscillation
A. Thyratron tube generated by a magnetron, is mainly
determined by
B. Tunnel diode
C. Klystron tube A. The flux density of the external
magnet
D. Both B and C
B. The ratio of the dc cathode
19. Microwave frequencies are normally voltage to the magnetic flux
regarded as those in the range of density
C. The number of the cavity
A. 1 to 500 MHz resonators

B. 1000 to 10,000 GHz D. The dimension of each cavity

resonator
C. 1 to 100 GHz
D. 10 to 1000 GHz 23. If the instantaneous RF potentials on
the two sides of a magnetron cavity are
20. The highest frequency which a of opposite polarity, the operation is in
conventional vacuum-tube oscillator can the
generate is not limited by the
A. mode
A. Electron transit time B. /2 mode
B. Distributed lead inductance C. 2 mode
C. Inter-electrode capacitance D. /4 mode
D. Degree of emission from the
cathode 24. The Gunn diode oscillator

21. As the electron beam moves through A. Is capable of generating

a klystrons intercavity drift space continuous microwave power of the
order of kilowatt
A. Frequency modulation at the B. Generates frequencies which are
input cavity creates velocity below 100 MHz
modulation at the output cavity
C. Operates over a positive
B. Velocity modulation at the input resistance characteristic
cavity creates density modulation
at the output cavity D. Depends on the formation of
charge domain
25. What ferrite device can be used 29. Klystron oscillators are most often
instead of duplexer of isolate microwave used in the frequency range of
transmitter and receiver when both are
connected to the same antenna? A. 300 to 3000 MHz
B. 3000 to 30000 MHz
A. Isolator
C. 30 to 30000 MHz
B. Magnetron
D. 10 to 10000 MHz
C. Simplex
D. Circulator 30. Oscillators of a klystron tube are
maintained
26. To achieve good bearing resolution
when using a pulsed-radar set, an A. By bunches of electrons passing
important requirement is the cavity grids
B. By plate-to-cathode feedback
A. A narrow, antenna-beam width
in the vertical plane C. By feedback between the
B. A narrow, antenna-beam width accelerating grid and the repeller
in the horizontal plane D. By circulating bunches of
C. A low repetition rate electrons within the cavities.
31. What allow microwave to pass in only
D. A high duty cycle
one direction?

27. When used in conjunction with a A. RF emitter

radar set, the purpose of an echo box is B. Capacitor
to provide an artificial target.
C. Varactor-triac
A. Which may be used to tune the D. Ferrite emitter
radar synchronizer
B. Which may be used to tune the 32. In an SHF pulsed radar set, a reflex
radar receiver klystron can be used as a

C. To the tone of the pulse

A. Single mixer stage
repetition
B. Local oscillator
D. Tune the magnetron to the
correct frequency C. Transmitter oscillator
D. Duplexer stage
28. In a radar-set receiver, the usual
mixer stage is
33. A Class-S Emergency Position-
Indicating Radio Beacon (E.P.I.R.B)
A. And FET
B. A tunnel diode A. Must be capable of floating or
being secured to a survival
C. A silicon crystal
B. Must have its battery replaced
D. A Rochelle salts crystal
after emergency use
 C. May be tested during the first D. Bunching would occur earlier in
five minutes of any hour time
D. All of these
38. The coarse frequency adjustment of a
reflex klystron is accomplished by
34. A PPI cathode-ray tube as used on a
radar set
A. The AFC system
A. Is used to check the percentage B. Adjusting the flexible wall of the
of modulation resonant cavity
B. Indicates both the range and C. An adjustment in the
azimuth of a target synchronizer
C. Indicates only the range of a D. Varying the repeller voltage
target
D. Is used for receiver alignment 39. In a pulsed radar set, the STC circuit
is used to
35. The resonant frequency of a cavity
resonator depends upon A. Improve the target bearing
resolution
A. The mode of operation B. Increases receiver sensitivity for
echoes from targets
B. Its electrical dimensions
C. Vary the pulse frequency in
C. Its physical dimensions
order to control the maximum
D. The capacitor which tunes it target
36. The maximum usable range of the D. Reduce interference from the
usual radar set (on any particular range effects of sea return
setting) is determined by
A. The width of the transmitted 40. In a pulsed radar set, the function of
pulses the duplexer is to

B. The interval between

A. Aid in calibrating the display unit
transmitted pulses
C. The bandwidth of the receiver IF B. Prevent frequency drift in the
stages klystron

D. The duty cycle C. Allow the transmitter and the

receiver to operate from a common
antenna
37. A reflex klystron is oscillating at the
frequency of its resonant cavity. If the D. All of these
reflector voltage is made slightly less
negative, the 41. A magnetron is operated at a duty
cycle of 0.001. It has a peak power
A. Oscillation will cease output of 100 kilowatts. Its average
power is
B. Output power would increase
C. The frequency will decrease A. 10,000 watts
 B. 100 watts B. A reduction in horizontal
resolution
C. 1,000 watts
C. No noticeable effect
D. 1,000,000 watts
D. A decrease in gain
42. The aquadag coating on the inside of
PPI tube is used 46. Which of the following permits a
microwave signal to travel in one
A. To focus the beam of primary direction with virtually no loss, but
electrons severely attenuates any signal
attempting to travel in the reverse
B. To shield the electron beam from direction?
unidirectional magnetic
C. As a second anode and to A. Isolator
prevent the build-up of secondary B. Wave trap
field
C. Tunnel diode
D. All of these
D. Circulator
43. If the duration of the radar
transmitted pulse, on a particular range 47. It is possible to increase the
of operation, is increased, the required maximum range of a radar equipment by
bandwidth of the receivers IF amplifiers
A. Lowering the pulse frequency
A. Must remain as before
B. Raising the peak power of the
B. Must be increased transmitter
C. May be decreased C. Narrowing the beam width and
increasing the pulse duration
D. Must be doubled
D. All of these
44. The main frequency determining
element of a klystron is 48. When it is desired that short-range
targets be clearly seen on a pulsed-radar
A. The repeller voltage set, it is important that the receiver and
display system have
B. The accelerating voltage
C. Its resonant cavity A. A long time constant
D. Its mode of operation B. Low-pass filters
C. The shortest possible time
45. A thin layer of dirt and grime coverts
the reflecting surface of the parabolic D. The restricted high-frequency
dish of a radar set. The particular effect response
on the performance of the radar will be
49. Which of the following is used as a
A. A decrease in range high power microwave oscillator?

A. Thyratron
 B. Magnetron C. Produce a trigger pulse for the
transmitter
C. Klystron
D. As a single local oscillator
D. Reflex-klystron
converter stage

50. Which of the following operating

54. The intensity of the echoes (target
frequencies is used for the modern loran
definition) on a PPI display is determined
navigational system?
by the

A. Loran C: 100 kHz

A. Radio frequency
B. Loran D: 10.2 kHz
B. Pulse frequency and antenna
C. Loran A: 1950 kHz rotation rate
D. Loran B: 900 kH C. Duty cycle
D. Average power
51. Which ferrite device can be used
instead of a duplexer to isolate a
55. A duplexer circuit allows a transmitter
microwave transmitter and receiver when
and a receiver to operate from the same
both are connected to the same
antenna with virtually no interaction. This
antenna?
circuit may be replaced by a (an)

A. Isolator
A. loss waveguide
B. Magnetron
B. circulator
C. Simplex
C. isolator
D. Circulator
D. gyrator

52. The pulse frequency is equal to

56. Which of the following frequencies
are used by a class-C Emergency
A. Duty cycle/pulse width Position-Indicating Radio Beacon
(E.P.I.R.B)?
B. The reciprocal of the pulse
repetition rate
A. 156.65 MHz
C. Pulse width x peak
power/average power B. 121.5 MHz
D. All of these C. 156.76 MHz and 156.8 MHz
D. All of these
53. In a radar set, a blocking oscillator
can be used to
57. The repetition rate of a pulsed radar
system indicates the
A. Act as the local oscillator
converter stage A. Frequency of the range-marker
B. Provide the sweep voltage for oscillator
the PPI tube B. Reciprocal of the duty cycle
 C. Number of target echoes 62. In a radar set receivers, an ac AFC
received on one second system may be used to
D. Frequencies of the duty cycle
A. Automatically maintain the
correct magnetron frequency
58. The radar set, sensitivity-time control
circuit B. Keep the IF stages on frequency
C. Maintain the desired klystron
A. Controls the width of the frequency
magnetron pulse
D. Provide automatic control of
B. Is used to increase sea return receiver gain
C. Can reduce sea-return response
63. The input signal is introduced into the
D. Discriminates between targets traveling-wave tube at the
that are very close together.
A. Cathode
59. Which of the following is the ferrite
device that buffers a microwave source B. Anode
from the effects of a varying load, and
C. Cathode end of the helix
thereby prevents the formation of
standing waves? D. Collector end of the helix

A. Circulator 64. The display on the PPI scope of a

radar set will have greater intensity
B. Duplexer
under the following conditions
C. Isolator
D. Diplexer A. Higher antenna rotation speeds
B. Lower pulse repetition rate
60. Pulsed radar sets are primarily used
C. Lower antenna rotation speeds
to find the
D. Both lower antenna rotation
A. Targets range and bearing speeds and higher pulse repetition

B. Size and speed of a target

65. The operating frequency of loran C
C. Speed and course of a target lies within the
D. Targets range of speed
A. LF band
61. Which of the following factors is B. VLF band
mainly concerned in the design of an
C. MF band
antenna system for pulsed radar set?
D. HF band
A. Duty cycle
66. The PPI tubes have an aquadag
B. Radio frequency
coating on the inside of the tube. The
C. Pulse frequency purpose of this coating is
D. Pulse length
 A. To act as the second anode 71. Which of the following is a microwave
frequency?
B. To shield the tube magnetically
C. To decelerate the electron beam A. 1.7 MHz
D. To deflect the electron beam B. 750 MHz
C. 0.98 GHz
67. A traveling-wave tube Is used at
frequencies in the order of D. 22 GHz

A. 30 MHz 72. Which of the following is not a

common microwave application?
B. 300 MHz
C. 8000 MHz A. Radar
D. 100 MHz B. Mobile radio
C. Telephone
68. The main benefit of using
microwaves is D. Satellite communications

A. Lower-cost equipment 73. Coaxial cable is not widely used for

long microwave transmission lines
B. Simpler equipment because of its
C. Greater transmission distances
D. More spectrum space for signals A. High loss
B. High cost
69. Radio communication are regulated C. Large size
in the Philippines by the
D. Excessive radiation
A. DOTC
74. Stripline and microstrip transmission
B. KBP lines are usually made with
C. NTC
D. Department of Defense A. Coax
B. Parallel wires
70. Which of the following is not a C. Twisted pair
disadvantage of microwaves?
D. PCBs
A. Higher-cost equipment
75. The most common cross section of a
B. Line-of-sight transmission waveguide is a
C. Conventional components are
not usable A. Square
D. Circuits are more difficult to B. Circle
analyze
C. Triangle
D. Rectangle
76. A rectangular waveguide has a width 81. A magnetic field is introduced into
of 1 inch and a height of 0.6 in. Its cutoff waveguide by a
frequency is
A. 2.54 GHz A. Probe
B. 3.0 GHz B. Dipole
C. 5.9 GHz C. Stripline
D. 11.8 GHz D. Capacitor
77. A waveguide has a cutoff frequency
of 17 GHz. Which of the following signals 82. A half-wavelength, close section of a
will not be passed by the waveguide? waveguide that acts as a parallel
resonant circuit is known as a(n)
A. 15 GHz
B. 18 GHz A. Half-wave section
C. 22 GHz B. Cavity resonator
D. 255 GHz C. LCR circuit
D. Directional coupler
78. Signal propagation in a waveguide is
by
83. Decreasing the volume of a cavity
causes its resonant frequency to
A. Electrons
B. Holes A. Increase
C. Electric and magnetic fields B. Decrease
D. Air pressure C. Remain the same
D. Drop to zero
79. When the electric field in a
waveguide is perpendicular to the
84. __________ is a popular microwave
direction of wave propagation, the mode
mixer diode.
is said to be

A. Gunn
A. Vertical polarization
B. Varactor
B. Horizontal polarization
C. Hot carrier
C. Transverse electric
D. IMPATT
D. Transverse magnetic

85. Varactor and step-recovery diodes

80. The dominant mode in most
are widely used in what type of circuit?
rectangular waveguide is

A. Amplifier
A. TE 1.0

B. TE 1.2 B. Oscillator
C. TM 0.1
C. Frequency multiplier
D. TM 1.1

D. Mixer
86. Which diode is a popular microwave 91. A reflex klystron is used as a(n)
oscillator?
A. Amplifier
A. IMPATT
B. Oscillator
B. Gunn
C. Mixer
C. Varactor
D. Frequency multiplier
D. Schottky
92. For proper operation, a magnetron
87. Which type of diodes does not must be accompanied by a
ordinarily operate with reverse bias?
A. Cavity resonator
A. Varactor
B. Strong electric field
B. IMPATT
C. Permanent magnet
C. Snap-off
D. High dc voltage
D. Tunnel
93. The operating frequency of klystrons
88. Low-power Gunn diodes are replacing and magnetrons is set by the

A. Reflex klystrons A. Cavity resonators

B. TWTs B. DC supply voltage
C. Magnetrons C. Input signal frequency
D. Varactor diodes D. Number of cavities

89. Which of the following is not a 94. A magnetron is used only as a/an
microwave tube?
A. Amplifier
A. Traveling-wave tube
B. Oscillator
B. Cathode-ray tube
C. Mixer
C. Klystron
D. Frequency multiplier
D. Magnetron
95. A common application for magnetron
90. In a klystron amplifier, velocity is in
modulation of the electron beam is
produced by the A. Radar
B. Satellites
A. Collector
C. Two-way radio
B. Catcher cavity
D. TV sets
C. Cathode
D. Buncher cavity
96. In a TWT, the electron beam is D. Outage time
density-modulated by a
101. The free space attenuation between
two microwave antennas 40 km apart
A. Permanent magnet operating at 8 GHz is
B. Modulation transformer A. 146.7 dB
C. Helix B. 142.55 dB
D. Cavity resonator C. 82.5 dB
D. 86.7 dB
97. The main advantage of a TWT over a
klystron for microwave amplification is
102. An active microwave radio repeater
that can provide drops and inserts.
A. Lower cost
B. Smaller size A. Broadband repeater
C. Higher power B. Baseband repeater
D. Wider bandwidth C. IF repeater
D. RF repeater
98. High-power TWTs are replacing what
in microwave amplifiers?
103. If the correction factor k equals 4/3
of the earths curvature, the microwave
A. MESFETs beam would have a curvature that is
B. Magnetrons ___________ than that of the earth.

C. Klystrons
A. More
D. IMPATT diodes
B. Less

99. The most widely used microwave C. Equal

antenna D. Not related
104. The optimum clearance from an
A. Half-wave dipole
obstacle in an microwave system is
B. Parabolic accepted as __________ of the first fresnel
zone radius.
C. Hyperbolic
A. 0.6
D. Horn
B. 0.5
100. ______________ is a measure of C. 0.9
reliability expressed as the average
number of hours between successive D. 1.5
failures.
105. The microwave beam curves the
A. MTBF same than that of the earth when the
value of the correction factor k equals
B. MTTR
C. Downtime A. 0
 B. 4/3 relative motion between the radar set
and a target?
C. 2/3
D. Infinity A. Amplitude
B. Phase
106. The time from the transmission of a
radar pulse to its reception is 0.12 ms. C. Frequency
The distance to the target is how many
D. Duty cycle
nautical miles?
111. The most widely used radar
A. 4.85 nmi transmitter component is a
A. Klystron
B. 9.7 nmi
B. Magnetron
C. 11.2 nmi
C. TWT
D. 18.4 nmi
D. Power transistor
107. The ability of a radar to determine 112. Low-power radar transmitters
the bearing to a target depends upon the and receivers use which component?
A. GaAs FET
A. Antenna directivity
B. Magnetron
B. Speed of light
C. Gunn diode
C. Speed of the target
D. Klystron
D. Frequency of the signal

113. What component in a duplexer

108. The pulse duration of a radar signal protects the receiver from the higher
is 699ns. The PRF is 185 pulses per transmitter output?
second. The duty cycle is

A. Waveguide
A. 0.216 %
B. Bandpass filter
B. 0.130 %
C. Notch filter
C. 0.013 %
D. Spark gap
D. 0.407 %
109. The Doppler effect allows which 114. Most radar antennas use a
characteristics of a target to be
measured?
A. Dipole
A. Distance
B. Broadside array
B. Azimuth
C. Horn and parabolic reflector
C. Altitude
D. Collinear array
D. Speed
115. The most common radar display is
110. The Doppler effect is a change in the
what signal characteristics produced by
 A. A scan 120. A microwave band of 10.9 to 36.
GHz is considered as
B. Color CRT
C. LCD A. C-band
D. PPI B. X-band
C. Q-band
116. A radar antenna using multiple
diploes or slot antennas in a matrix with D. K-band
variable phase shifters is called a/an
121. A microwave communications
A. A scan system space loss calculation formula.
B. Phased array
A. 94.2 + 20 log f + 20 log d
C. Broadside
B. 92.4 + 20 log f + 20 log d
D. Circulator polarized array
C. 94.2 + 10 log f + 20 log d
117. Which of the following is a typical D. 92.3 + 10 log f + 20 log d
radar operating frequency?
122. A waveguide is also a
A. 60 MHz
B. 450 MHz A. Low pass filter

C. 900 MHz B. High pass filter

D. 10 GHz C. Band pass filter

D. Band stop filter
118. A microwave system requires the
use of repeaters when 123. A method of diversity reception
where the signal is transmitted on two
A. The intervening terrain is difference frequencies over the same
favorable path
B. The distances involve are grater
A. Space diversity
C. The required reliability is meet
B. Frequency diversity
D. The radio fading is unacceptable
C. Polarization diversity
119. Are transmission lines which convey D. Wavelength diversity
electromagnetic waves in highest
frequencies 124. A wire used to reduce the skin effect

A. Twister pair of telephone wires A. AWG # 14

B. Waveguides B. AWG # 15
C. Power lines C. Copper wire
D. Coaxial cables D. Litz wire
125. Space diversity transmission means A. Reduce tower height
transmitting and receiving on two or
more. B. Minimize interference to and
from other neighboring stations
A. Different frequencies C. Shorten waveguide length

B. Antennas operating on two D. Easy to install

different frequencies
C. Antennas operating on the same 130. What is the cut-off frequency of a
waveguide?
frequencies
D. Identical frequencies A. The highest frequency the
waveguide operates
126. The best system configuration to
overcome multipath fading of microwave B. The lowest frequency the
system over the water waveguide operates
C. The same as the operating
A. Space diversity frequency
B. Frequency diversity D. The only frequency the
waveguide operates.
C. Polarization diversity
131. When the clearance above the
D. Wavelength diversity obstruction is equal to the radii of even
fresnel zones at the point of reflection.
127. When the value of k increases, the The RSL is
effective result is _______ of the A. Increased
equivalent curvature
B. Decreased
A. Flattening C. Constant
B. Bulging D. Above threshold
C. Sharp curvature
132. What is the wavelength of a wave in
D. All of these a waveguide?

128. A traveling wave tube consists of A. Greater than in free space

B. Depends only on the waveguide
A. Electron gun, helix and repeller
dimensions and the free-space
B. Electron gun, helix and collector wavelength
C. Electron gun, repeller and C. Inversely proportional to the
collector phase velocity
D. Buncher cavity and catcher D. Inversely proportional to the
cavity group velocity

129. Advantage of periscope antenna in 133. The CCIR hypothetical reference

microwave circuit covering a distance of 25000 km
consists of a total of how many hops?
 A. 5 138. _________ is a microwave link
between the down-town terminal and
B. 10 another out of town terminal.
C. 24
D. 54 A. STL
B. Uplink
134. Water causes C. Downlink
more attenuation particularly on what
frequency? D. Terrestrial

A. 20 GHz 139. Attenuator is used in the traveling

wave tube to
B. 63 GHz
C. 183 GHz A. Prevent oscillation
D. 202 GHz B. Increase gain
C. Prevent saturation
135. At what frequency does oxygen
cause excessive attenuation? D. All of these
140. Is a method of diversity reception
A. 60 GHz applied to reflective path to reduce
fading.
B. 50 GHz
A. Frequency diversity
C. 40 GHz
B. Space diversity
D. 30 GHz
C. Polarization diversity
136. Which of the following is an D. Wavelength diversity
atmospheric attenuation?
141. What is the effective earths radius
A. Attenuation due to water vapor used in communications design?
and oxygen
B. Attenuation due to mist and fog A. 4000 miles
C. Attenuation due to other gases B. K x 4000 miles
D. Attenuation due to rain. C. 5000 miles
D. K x 5280 miles
137. A microwave system operating at
the 6 GHz band is carrying 600 voice
142. IF bandwidth of a radar system is
channels. What is the noise loading
inversely proportional to
power in dBmO?

A. Pulse width
A. 12.78
B. Pulse interval
B. 26.78
C. Peak transmit power
C. 27.78
D. All of these
D. 10.25
143. EADI stands for A. Audio Direction Findings
B. Automatic Direction Finder
A. Electronic Air Data Indicator
C. Alternate Direction Finder
B. Electronic Altitude and Distance
Indicator D. Automatic Distance Finder

C. Electronic Altitude and Director

148. RF carrier of the middle marker is
Indicator
modulated at ____ Hz.
D. Electronic Air and Distance
Indicator A. 1300

144. Which aircraft navigational system B. 1400

determines the time to station (TTS) or C. 1500
time to go (TTG)?
D. 1600
A. ADF
149. Which of the following is considered
B. DME as the major advantage of using a helix
C. Timer traveling wave tube?

D. ATC A. Cheaper

145. What frequency does a radio B. Less noise

altimeter operate? C. High power
D. Wide bandwidth
A. 33500 kHz
B. 43000 kHz 150. RADAR stands for
C. 33500 MHz
A. Radio Distance and Ranging
D. 43500 MHz
B. Radio Detection and Ranging
146. What inflight system allows C. Radio Direction and Ranging
passengers to make telephone calls,
send faxes, and computer data shop and D. Radio Distance and Range
play computer games, etc.?
151. Attenuator is used in the travelling
A. Inflight Satellite System wave tube to

B. Terrestrial Flight Telephone

a. Help bunching
System
b. Prevent oscillations
C. World Airline Entertainment
System c. Prevent saturation
D. Satellite Phone d. Increase gain

147. ADF stands for 152. The multicavity klystron

 a. Is not a good low-level amplifier c. Post-tuning drift
because of noise
d. Tuning sensitivity
b. Has a high repeller voltage to
ensure a rapid transmit time 157. A rectangular waveguide has a
c. Is not suitable for pulsed width of 1.2 in and a height of 0.7 in. the
operation waveguide will pass all signals above __
GHz.
d. Needs a long transit time
through the buncher cavity to
a. 4 GHz
ensure current modulation
b. 8.44 GHz
153. What is the effective radiated power c. 10 GHz
of a repeater with 450 W transmitting
power output, 4 dB feedline loss, 6dB d. 4.92 GHz
duplexer loss, and 7 dB circulator and
feedline loss and antenna gain of 25 dB? 158. Waveguides are

a. 2893.31 W a. A hollow tube that carries HF

b. 2523.83 W b. Solid conductors of RF
c. 2839.31 W c. Coaxial cables
d. 2425.38 W d. Copper wire

154. Magnetron oscillator are used for 159. A TWT is sometimes preferred to the
multi-cavity klystron amplifier because
the former
a. Generating SHF signals
b. Multiplexing a. Is more efficient
c. Generating rich harmonics b. Has a greater bandwidth
d. FM demodulation c. Has a higher number of modes
d. Produces a higher output power
155. A microwave tube which has the
advantage of having a high efficiency
160. Variation in oscillator frequency with
changes in load SWR
a. Cross-field amplifier
b. Helix traveling wave tube a. Frequency pulling
c. Klystron b. Frequency pushing
d. Gridded tube c. Post-tuning drift
156. What term is used to describe d. Tuning sensitivity
the variation in a microwave oscillator
frequency caused by power supply
voltage or current changes? 161. It is the frequency change of an
electronically tuned oscillator at a
a. Frequency pulling specified time after it has reached its
b. Frequency pushing desired frequency
 a. Frequency pulling c. 5600 km
b. Frequency pushing d. 4850 km
c. Post-tuning drift
166. What is the power level of the
d. Tuning sensitivity largest signal that will still be in the
square-law range of a Schottky diode?
162. What is the power level of the
smallest signal that can be detected a. -20 dBm
above the noise by a Schottky diode?
b. 0 dBm
a. -20 dBm c. -60 dBm
b. 0 dBm d. -100 dBm
c. -60 dBm
167. A component that combines
d. -100 dBm microwave signals from separate
transmission lines into one common
163. A line-of-sight radio link operating at transmission line and allows no coupling
a frequency of 6GHz has a separation of between the separate lines
$0 km between antennas. An obstacle in
the path is located 10 km from the a. Isolator
transmitting antenna. By how much must
the beam clear the obstacle? b. Circulator
c. Directional coupler
a. 11.6 m
d. Combiner
b. 13.4 m
c. 19.34 m 168. Telemetry is a microwave
communications system which operates
d. 22.33 m at
164. AM isolator
a. Acts a buffer between a. 600 MHz
microwave oscillators coupled to a b. 3.9 GHz
waveguide
c. 4 GHz
b. Acts as a buffer to protect a
microwave oscillator d. 2 GHz
form variations in the load changes
169. What is the maximum power that
c. Shields UHF circuits from RF
can be obtained from a microwave
transmitter
semiconductor?
d. Both a and b
a. 1 W
165. What is the effective earths radius
b. 500 mW
when Ns = 300?
c. 10 W
a. 8500 km d. 4 W
b. 9320 km
170. The cavity magnetron uses and a distance of 40 km, determine the
strapping to free-space path loss in dB.

a. Prevent mode-jumping a. 80 dB
b. Prevent cathode back-heating b. 84.2 dB
c. Ensure bunching c. 140 dB
d. Improve the phase-focusing d. 144.2 dB
effect
175. A microwave relay repeater that
171. As a result of reflections from a receives the modulated microwave
plane conducting wall, electromagnetic carrier and obtains the baseband signal
waves acquire an apparent velocity from it, and them modulates the
greater that the velocity of light in space. baseband signal onto another carries and
This is called the retransmit the new carrier with the
baseband modulated onto it
a. Velocity of propagation
a. Heterodyne repeater
b. Normal velocity
b. Baseband repeater
c. Group velocity
c. RF repeater
d. Phase velocity
d. Regenerative repeater
172. Which of the following is a method
of modulating digital signals onto a 176. Which is the frequency range of the
microwave carrier? most common industrial microwave relay
band?
a. FSK
a. 6.575-6.875 GHz
b. Biphase
b. 3.7-4.2 GHz
c. Quadraphase
c. 5.925-6.425 GHz
d. All of the above
d. 10.7-11.7 GHz\
173. Suppose that the transmitter and
receiver towers have equal height. How 177. When a particular mode is excited in
high would they have to be to a waveguide, there appears an extra
communicate over a distance of 34 km? electric component, in the direction of
propagation. The resulting mode is
a. 23.5 m
a. Transverse-electric
b. 28.47 m
b. Transverse-magnetic
c. 17 m
c. Longitudinal
d. 8.47 m
d. Transverse-electromagnetic
174. In microwave communications
system, for a carrier frequency of 6 GHz 178. Waveguide construction
 a. Should not use silver plating a. The smaller cross section
needed at any frequency
b. Should not use copper
b. Lower attenuation
c. Should not have short vertical
runs c. Freedom from spurious modes
d. Should not have long horizontal d. Rotation of polarization
runs
179. In a microwave system, the antenna 183. A circulator
sees a sky temperature of 120 K, and the
antenna feedline has a loss of 3 a. Cools dc motors during heavy
dB. Calculate the noise temperature of loads
the antenna/feedline system, referenced
to the receiver input. b. Allows two or more antennas to
feed one transmitter
a. 205 K
c. Allows one antenna to feed two
b. 233.33 K separate microwave transmitters
c. 182 K and receivers at the same time

d. 210 K d. Insulates UHF frequencies on

transmission lines
180. A choke flange may be used to
couple two waveguides 184. What is the free-space loss in dB
between two microwave parabolic
antennas 38 km apart operating at 7
a. To help in the alignment of the GHz?
waveguides
b. Because it is simpler than any a. 85.10 dB
other join
b. 80.90 dB
c. To compensate for discontinuities
at the join c. 140.90 dB

d. To increase the bandwidth of the d. 145.10 dB

system
185. A ruby maser amplifier must be
181. A PIN diode is cooled

a. A metal semiconductor point- a. Because the maser amplification

contact diode generates a lot of heat

b. A microwave mixer diode b. To increase bandwidth

c. Often used a microwave detector c. Because it cannot operate at

room temperature
d. Suitable for use as a microwave
switch d. To improve the noise
performance
182. For some applications, circular
waveguides may be used preferred to 186. The glass tube of a TWT may be
rectangular ones because coated with aquadag to
 a. Help focusing a. Prevent anode current in the
absence of oscillations
b. Provide attenuation
b. Ensure that the oscillations are
c. Improve bunching
pulsed
d. Increase gain
c. Help in focusing the electron
beam thus preventing spreading
187. An antenna covering that the
transmitted or receives microwave power d. Ensure that the electors will orbit
can pass through, used to protect the around the cathode
antenna and the antenna feed from
weather 191. In a micro wave communications
system, if the minimum carrier-to-noise
a. Shroud (C/N) requirements for a receiver with a
10MHz bandwidth is 22 dB, the minimum
b. Sub-reflector receive carrier power is
c. Radome
a. -82 dB
d. Offset antenna
b. 76 dBm
188. Waveguide are c. 84 dB
d. -82 dBm
a. Used exclusively in high
frequency power supplies
192. A rectangular waveguide used for
b. Ceramic couplers attached to microwave transmission has a width of
the antenna terminals 1.4 inches and a height of 0.8 inches. All
signals above __ GHz will be passed by
c. High-pass filters used at low
the waveguide.
radio frequencies
d. Hollow metal conductors used to a. 4.3 GHz
carry high-frequency current
b. 2 GHz
189. A microwave device which is c. 4.2 GHz
unlikely to be used a pulsed device. It is
based on the principle of operation of a d. 5 GHz
traveling wave tube.
193. A pyramidal horn has an aperture
a. Multicavity klyston (opening) of 58 mm in the E plane and 78
mm in the H plane. It operates at 14 GHz.
b. Cross-field amplifier (CFA) Calculate the gain in dBi.
c. Backward wave oscillator (BWO)
a. 19.29
d. Coaxial magnetron
b. 24.14
190. A magnetic field is used in the c. 15.8
cavity magnetron to
d. 19.31
194. A magnetron whose oscillating 198. A microwave device which allows RF
frequency is electronically adjustable energy to pass through in one direction
over a wide range is called a with very little loss, but absorbs RF
power in the opposite direction
a. Coaxial magnetron
a. Circulator
b. Dither-tuned magnetron
b. Wave trap
c. Frequency agile magnetron
c. Multiplexer
d. VTM
d. Isolator
195. Conductance takes place in a
waveguide 199. A parametric amplifier must be
cooled
a. By inter-electron delay
a. Because parametric
b. Through electrostatic field
amplification generates a lot of
reluctance
heat
c. In the same manner as a
b. To increase bandwidth
transmission line
c. Because it cannot operate at
d. Through electromagnetic and
room temperature
electrostatic fields in the walls of
the waveguide d. To improve the noise
performance
196. Indicate the false statement.
Klystron amplifiers may use intermediate 200. For low attenuation, the best
cavities to transmission medium is

a. Prevent the oscillations that a. Flexible waveguide

occurs in two-cavity klystrons
b. Ridged waveguide
b. Increase the bandwidth of the
c. Rectangular waveguide
device
d. Coaxial line
c. Improve power gain
d. Increase the efficiency of the 201. IF repeaters are also called
klystron
a) heterodyne receiver
197. The primary purpose of the helix in
a traveling wave tube is to b) mixer/receiver
c) radio receiver
a. Prevent the electron beam from
spreading in the long tube d) FM receiver

b. Reduce the axial velocity of the 202. It is the difference between the
RF field nominal output power of a transmitter
c. Ensure broadband operation and the minimum input power required
by a receiver
d. Reduce the noise figure
 a) RSL c) prevent saturation
b) IRL d) increase the gain
c) system gain
207. A magnetron is used only as
d) FSL
a) amplifier
203. A phenomenon whereby the
frequency of a reflected of a reflected b) oscillator
signal is shifted if there is relative motion c) mixer
between the source and reflecting object.
d) frequency multiplier
a) Doppler effect
208. A backward-wave oscillator is based
b) Hall effect on the
c) Marconi effect
d) Maxwell effect a) rising-sun magnetron
b) crossed-field amplifier
204. A ferrite is c) coaxial magnetron
d) traveling-wave tube
a) a nonconductor with magnetic
properties
209. Stripline and microstrip transmission
b) an intermetallic compound with lines are usually made with
particularly good conductivity
c) an insulator which heavily a) coax
attenuates magnetic fields
b) parallel lines
d) a microwave semiconductor
invented by Faraday c) twisted pair
d) PCBs
205. The primary purpose of the helix in
a traveling-wave tube is to 210. Which of the following is not a
microwave tube?
a) prevent the electron beam from
spreading in the long tube a) Traveling-wave tube
b) reduce the axial velocity of the b) Cathode-ray tube
RF field
c) Klystron
c) ensure the broadband operation
d) Magnetron
d) reduce the noise figure
211. Indicate which is not true.
206. The attenuator is used in the Compared with other types of radar,
travelling-wave tube to phased array radar has the following
advantages
a) help bunching
b) prevent oscillations a) very fast scanning
 b) ability to track and scan 216. Indicate which one of the following
simultaneously applications or advantages of radar
beacons is false:
c) circuit simplicity
d) ability to track many targets a) target identification
simultaneously
b) navigation
212. Given the frequency and dimensions c) very significant extension of the
of 5 GHz and 7 cm by 9 cm respectively, maximum range
the beam of the pyramidal horn is about
d) more accurate tracking enemy
______.
targets

a) 27 degrees 217. Refers to more than one

transmission path or method of
b) 53 degrees transmission available between
transmitter and a receiver.
c) 60 degrees
a) diversity
d) 80 degrees
b) polarization
213. The diameter of a parabolic reflector c) efficiency
should be at least how many
wavelengths at the operating frequency? d) accuracy

a) 1 218. A solution to the blind speed

problem is to
b) 2
c) 5 a) change the Doppler frequency
d) 10 b) vary the RF
214. A type of microwave repeater where c) use monopulse
the received RF carrier is down-converted
to an IF frequency, amplified filtered and d) use MTI
further demodulated to baseband. 219. A direct path that exist between the
a) RF repeater transmit and receive antennas
a) LOS
b) IF repeater
b) direct waves
c) baseband repeater
c) space waves
d) radio repeater
d) terrestrial waves
215. In order to reduce cross-sectional
dimensions, the waveguide to use is 220. The function of the quartz delay line
in an MTI radar is to
a) circular
a) help in subtracting
b) ridged
a complete scan from the previous
c) rectangular scan
d) flexible
 b) match the phase of the coho and 225. A pyramidal horn used at 5 GHz has
the stalo an aperture that is 7 cm by 9 cm. The
gain is about
c) match the phase of the coho and
the output oscillator
a) 10.5 dB
d) delay a sweep so that the next
sweep can be subtracted from it b) 11.1 dB

221. Type of diversity where it modulates c) 22.6 dB

two different RF carrier frequencies with d) 35.8 dB
the same IF intelligence, then
transmitting both RF signals to a given
destination. 226. Type of diversity where the output
of the transmitter is fed to two or
a) polarization diversity more antennas that are physically
b) quad diversity separated by an appreciable wavelengths

c) space diversity
a) quad diversity
d) frequency diversity
b) wavelength diversity

222. The coho in MTI radar operates at c) space diversity

the d) hybrid diversity

a) intermediate frequency 227. The Doppler effect is used in

b) transmitted frequency (indicate the false statement)

c) received-frequency
a) moving-target plotting on the PPI
d) pulse operation frequency
b) the MTI system

223. Which type of diode does not c) FM radar

ordinarily operate with reverse bias? d) CW radar
228. A type of diversity where a single RF
a) Varactor carrier is propagated with two different
b) IMPATT electromagnetic polarization.

c) Snapp-off a) space diversity

d) Tunnel b) wavelength diversity

c) polarization diversity
224. What happens when a horn antenna
d) hybrid diversity
is made longer?

229. The A scope displays

a) gain increases
b) beam width decreases a) the target position and range
c) bandwidth increases b) the target range, but not
d) bandwidth decreases position
 c) the target position, but not b) quad diversity
range
c) space diversity
d) neither range nor position, but
d) wavelength diversity
only velocity

234. If the target cross section is

230. The glass tube of a TWT may be
changing, the best system for accurate
coated with aquadag to
tracking in

a) help focusing
a) lobe switching
b) provide attenuation
b) sequential lobing
c) improve bunching
c) conical switching
d) increase gain
d) monopulse

231. Type of diversity which consists of a

235. The multicavity klystron
standard frequency diversity path where
the two transmitter/receiver pair at one
end of the path are separated from each a) is not good low-level amplifier
other and connected to because of noise
different antennas that are vertically
b) has a high repeller voltage to
separated as in space diversity
ensure a rapid transmit time

a) quad diversity c) is not suitable for pulse

operation
b) wavelength diversity
d) needs a long transmit time
c) space diversity through the buncher cavity to
d) hybrid diversity ensure current modulation
236. An arrangement that avoids a
232. The biggest disadvantage of CW service interruption during periods of
Doppler radar is that deep fades or equipment failures.
a) service switching arrangement
a) it does not give the target b) protection switching
velocity arrangement
b) it does not give the target range c) interruption switching
c) a transponder is required at the arrangement
target d) equipment switching
d) it does not give the target arrangement
position
237. A type of attenuator where
233. The combination of the frequency, attenuation is accomplished by insertion
space, polarization and receiver diversity of a thin card of resistive material
into one system through a slot in the top of a waveguide

a) hybrid diversity a) flap attenuator

 b) vane attenuator b) the receiver might be
overloaded
c) slot attenuator
c) it will not be received
d) directional coupler
d) the target will appear closer
238. After a target has been acquired, than it really is
the best scanning system for tracking is
242. Points in the microwave system
a) nodding baseband signals either originate or
terminate
b) spiral
c) conical a) terminator
d) helical b) terminal stations
c) terminating equipment
239. A duplexer is used
d) terminal equipment
a) to couple two
different antennas to a transmitter 243. A half wavelength, closed section of
without mutual interference a waveguide that acts as a parallel
resonant circuit is known as _____.
b) to allow the one antenna to be
used for reception or transmission a) half-wave section
without mutual interference
b) cavity resonator
c) to prevent interference between
two antennas when they are c) LCR circuit
connected to a receiver
d) directional couple
d) to increase the speed of pulses
in pulsed radar 244. Decreasing the volume of a cavity
causes its resonant frequency to
240. Type of protection switching
arrangement where each working radio a) increase
channel has a dedicated backup or spare
channel b) decrease
c) remains the same
a) hot swap
d) drop to zero
b) hot backup
c) hot standby 245. The IF bandwidth of a radar receiver
is inversely proportional to the
d) hot diversity
a) pulse width
241. If a return echo arrives after the
allocated pulse interval, b) pulse repetition frequency
c) pulse interval
a) it will interfere with the
operation of the transmitter d) the target will appear closer
than it really is
246. Which of the following devices are 250. The power that leaks out of the back
not being used in microwave power and sides of the transmit antenna
amplifier? interfering with the signal entering with
the signal entering the input of a nearby
a) klystron tubes receive antenna.

b) traveling wave tubes

a) ringaround
c) IMPATT
b) ringabout
d) magnetron
c) roundabout

247. Which is not true? A high PRF will d) turnaround

a) make the returned echoes easier 251. Which of the following is not true:
to distinguish from noise The radar cross section of a target

b) make the target tracking easier

a) depends on the frequency used
with conical scanning
b) may be reduced by special
c) increase the maximum range
coating of the target
d) have no effect on the range
c) depends on the aspect of a
resolution
target, if this non-spherical

248. It is a unidirectional device often d) is equal to the actual cross-

made up of ferrite material used in sectional area for small targets
conjunction with a channel-combining 252. It is a general term applied to the
network to prevent the output from reduction in signal strength at the input
interfering with the output of another to a receiver
transmitter
a) fading

a) circulator b) attenuation

b) magic tee c) absorption

c) isolator d) ghosting

d) rat race
253. Indicate which of the following
cannot be followed by the word
249. Which is not true about the waveguide
following: Flat-topped rectangular pulses
must be transmitted in radar to
a) elliptical

a) allow a good minimum range b) flexible

b) make the returned echoes easier c) coaxial

to distinguish from the noise d) ridged
c) prevent frequency changes in
the magnetron 254. If the ratio of the antenna diameter
d) allow accurate range to the wavelength in a radar system is
measurements
high, this will result in (indicate the false b) 2
statement)
c) 4

a) large maximum range d) 8

b) good target discrimination

259. If the peak transmitted power in a
c) difficult target acquisition radar system is increased by a factor of
15, the maximum range will be increased
d) increased capture area
by a factor of

255. High-power TWTs are replacing what

a) 2
in microwave amplifiers?
b) 4
a) MESFETs c) 8
b) Magnetrons d) 16
c) Klystrons 260. Varactor and step-
d) IMPATT diodes recovery diodes are widely used in what
type of circuit?
256. The most widely used microwave a) amplifier
antenna is a b) oscillator
c) frequency multiplier
a) half-wave dipole
d) mixer
b) quarter-wave probe
c) single loop 261. It is defined as line loss incurred by
d) horn an electromagnetic wave as it
propagates in a straight line through a
vacuum with no absorption or reflection
257. Applies to propagation variables in
of energy from nearby objects.
the physical radio path which affect
changes in path loss between the
transmitter at one station and its a) IRL
normal receiver at the other station. b) FSL
c) RSL
a) ghosting
d) Eb/No
b) absorption
c) attenuation 262. For proper operation, a magnetron
d) fading must be accompanied by a

258. If the antenna diameter in a radar a) cavity resonator

system is increased by a factor of 4, the b) strong electric field
maximum range will be increased by a
factor of c) permanent magnet
d) high dc voltage
a) square root of 2
263. A police radar speed trap functions deteriorates as a signal passes through a
at a frequency of 1.024 GHz in direct line circuit or series of circuits
with your car. The reflected energy from
a) noise factor
your car is shifted 275 Hz in
frequency. Calculate the speed in miles b) signal to noise ratio
per hour?
c) carrier to noise ratio
a) 60 mph
d) dynamic range
b) 70 mph
c) 80 mph 268. What is the peak power of a radar
pulse if the pulse width is 1s, the pulse
d) 90 mph repetition rate is 900, and the average
power is 18 W?
264. It is the ratio of the wideband carrier
to the wideband noise power a) 10 kW
b) 15 kW
a) carrier to noise ratio
c) 20 kW
b) signal to noise ratio
d) 30 kW
c) energy per bit per noise density
ratio 269. The point where the antenna
is mounted with respect to the parabolic
d) noise figure
reflector is called the

265. What is the duty cycle of a radar a) focal point

pulse if the pulse width is 1s, the pulse b) center
repetition rate is 900, and the average
power is 18 W? c) locus
d) tangent
a) 0.09 %
b) 0.99 % 270. The operating frequency of klystron
and magnetrons is set by the
c) 0.90 %
d) 1.00 % a) cavity resonators
b) DC supply voltage
266. A microwave tube amplifier uses an
axial magnetic field and a radial electric c) input signal frequency
field. This is the d) Number of cavities

a) reflex klystron 271. Using a small reflector to beam

b) coaxial magnetron waves to the larger parabolic reflector is
known as
c) traveling-wave magnetron
d) CFA a) focal feed
267. Figure of merit used to indicate how b) horn feed
much the signal-to-noise ratio
c) cassegrain feed
 d) coax feed 276. What is the distance in nautical
miles to a target if it takes 123 s for a
272. If the noise figures and gains of radar pulse to travel from the radar
each of the amplifiers in cascade is 3 dB antenna to the target, back to the
and 10 dB respectively. What is the total antenna, and be displayed on the PPI
noise figure? scope?

a) 2.12 dB a) 10 nmi

b) 3.24 dB b) 5 nmi

c) 1.24 dB c) 20 nmi

d) 4.23 dB d) 15 nmi
277. Waveguides are used mainly for
273. One of the following is unlikely to be microwave signals because
used as a pulsed device a) they depend on straight-line
propagation which applies to
a) multicavity klystron microwaves only
b) BWO b) losses would be too heavy at
lower frequencies
c) CFA
c) there are no generators powerful
d) TWT enough to excite them at lower
frequencies
274. Calculate the maximum ambiguous
d) they would be too bulky at lower
range for a radar system with PRT equal
to 400s. frequencies

278. Calculate the coupling of a

a) 13.8 mi
directional coupler that has 70 mW into
b) 43.5 mi the main guide and 0.35 mW out the
secondary guide.
c) 16.4 mi
d) 32.8 mi a) 13 dB
b) 23 dB
275. When electromagnetic waves are
propagated in a waveguide c) 33 dB
d) 10 dB
a) they travel along the broader
walls of the guide
279. The wavelength of a wave in a
b) they are reflected from the walls waveguide
but do not travel along them
c) they travel through the dielectric a) is greater than in free space
without the walls b) depends only on the waveguide
d) they travel along all four walls of dimensions and the free space
the waveguide wavelength
 c) is inversely proportional to the a) double range echoes
phase velocity
b) double frequencies echoes
d) is directly proportional to the
c) second return echoes
group velocity
d) second time around echoes
280. A rectangular waveguide is 1 cm by
2 cm. Calculate the cutoff frequency 284. Indicate the false statement.
Compared with equivalent transmission
a) 3.5 GHz lines, 3 GHz waveguides

b) 15 GHz
a) are less lossy
c) 7.5 GHz
b) can carry higher powers
d) 4 GHz
c) are less bulky

281. The main difference between the d) have lower attenuation

operation of transmission liners and
waveguides is that 285. The range beyond which targets
appear as second return echoes is called
a) the latter is not distributed, like
transmission lines a) maximum range
b) the former can use stubs and b) maximum unambiguous range
quarter-wave transformers, unlike
the latter c) maximum usable range

c) transmission lines use the d) any of these

principal mode of propagation, and 286. When a particular mode is excited in
therefore do not suffer from low- a waveguide, there appears an extra
frequency cut-off electric component, in the direction of
propagation. The resulting mode is
d) terms such as impedance
matching and standing-wave ratio a) transverse electric
cannot be applied to waveguides
b) transverse magnetic

282. The useful power of the transmitter c) longitudinal

that is contained in the radiated pulses is d) transverse-electromagnetic
termed as ______.
287. In radars, echoes that arrive after
a) rms power the transmission of the next pulse are
b) rated power called _____.

c) peak power
a) second return echoes
d) average power
b) second time around echoes

283. In radars, echoes that are produced c) multiple time around echoes
when the reflected beam is strong d) any of these
enough to make a second trip
288. When electromagnetic waves are a) the group velocity of the signal
reflected at an angle from a wall, their becomes zero
wavelength along the wall is
b) the phase velocity of the signal
becomes infinite
a) the same as the free space
c) the characteristic impedance of
b) the same as the wavelength the guide becomes infinite
perpendicular to the wall
d) the wavelength within the
c) shortened because of the waveguide becomes infinite
Doppler effect
d) greater than in the actual 293. In radars, the duration of the pulse
direction of propagation is

289. A radar mile is equivalent to a) duty cycle

b) pulse width
a) 2000 mi
c) pulse amplitude
b) 2000 m
d) pulse cycle
c) 2000 yd
d) 2000 km 294. A signal propagated in a waveguide
has a full wave electric intensity change
290. As a result of reflections from a between two further walls, and no
plane conducting wall, electromagnetic component of the electric field in the
waves acquire an apparent velocity of direction of propagation. The mode is
light in space
a) TE11
a) velocity of propagation b) TE10
b) normal velocity c) TM22
c) group velocity d) TE20
d) phase velocity
295. In radars, the number of the pulses
291. In radars, the time between pulses transmitted per second is called
is called ______.
a) pulse repetition frequency
a) rest time b) pulse repetition time
b) duration time c) pulse repetition phase
c) delay time d) pulse number of repetition
d) propagation time
296. Which of the following is incorrect?
292. Indicate the false statement. When The dominant mode of propagation is
the free-space wavelength of a signal preferred with rectangular waveguides
equals the cutoff wavelength of the guide because
 a) it leads to the smallest them to each other, which could not be
waveguide dimensions use?
b) the resulting impedance can be
matched directly to coaxial lines a) rat-race

c) it is easier to excite than other b) E-plane T

modes c) hybrid ring
d) propagation of it without any d) magic T
spurious generation can be
ensured

297. It is a mean of employing radio

waves to detect and locate objects such
as aircraft, ships and land masses.

a) detectors
b) radars
c) repeaters
d) beacons

298. A choke flange may be used to

couple two waveguides

a) to help the alignment of the

waveguides
b) because it is simpler than any
other join
c) to compensate for
discontinuities at the join
d) to increase the bandwidth of the
system

299. The resonant frequency of a cavity

may be varied by changing any of these
parameters except:

a) cavity volume
b) cavity inductance
c) cavity capacitance
d) cavity resistance

300. In order to couple two generators to

a waveguide system without coupling
Answers 21. Velocity modulation at the input
cavity creates density modulation at
1. Attenuation the output cavity

2. 8493 km 22. The dimension of each cavity

resonator
3. towards the earth
23. mode
4. S = 3R/L
24. Depends on the formation of
5. 10 GHz charge domain

6. Sixth 25. Circulator

7. Slow fading 26. A narrow, antenna-beam width in

the horizontal plane
8. Slow fading
27. Which may be used to tune the
radar receiver
9. Large reflector
28. A silicon crystal
10. Delayed spreading
29. 3000 to 30000 MHz
11. SONAR
30. By bunches of electrons passing
12. Is equivalent to an LC resonant the cavity grids
circuit
31. Ferrite emitter
13. 2000 Hz
32. Local oscillator
14. All of the above
33. All of these
15. magnetron
34. Indicates both the range
16. The absorption of energy by the and azimuth of a target
signal from an electron stream
35. Its physical dimensions
17. To keep the electrons from
spreading out
36. The interval between transmitted
pulses
18. Both B and C
37. The frequency will decrease
19. 1 to 100 GHz
38. Adjusting the flexible wall of the
20. Degree of emission from resonant cavity
the cathode
39. Reduce interference from the 60. Targets range and bearing
effects of sea return
61. Radio frequency
40. Allow the transmitter and the
receiver to operate from a common 62. Maintain the desired klystron
antenna frequency

41. 100 watts 63. Cathode end of the helix

42. As a second anode and to prevent 64. Both lower antenna rotation
the build-up of secondary field speeds and higher pulse repetition

43. May be decreased 65. LF band

44. Its resonant cavity 66. To act as the second anode

45. No noticeable effect 67. 8000 MHz

46. Isolator 68. More spectrum space for signals

47. All of these 69. NTC

48. The shortest possible time 70. Higher-cost equipment

49. Magnetron 71. 22 GHz

50. Loran C: 100 kHz 72. Mobile radio

51. Circulator 73. High loss

52. Duty cycle/pulse width 74. PCBs

53. Produce a trigger pulse for the 75. Rectangle

transmitter
76. 5.9 GHz
54. Pulse frequency and antenna
rotation rate
77. 15 GHz

55. circulator
78. Electric and magnetic fields

56. 156.76 MHz and 156.8 MHz

79. Transverse electric

57. Frequencies of the duty cycle

80. TE 1.0

58. Can reduce sea-return response

81. Probe
59. Isolator
82. Cavity resonator 105. Infinity

83. Decrease 106. 9.7 nmi

84. Hot carrier 107. Antenna directivity

85. Frequency multiplier 108. 0.013 %

86. Gunn 109. Speed

87. Tunnel 110. Frequency

88. Reflex klystrons 111. Magnetron

89. Cathode-ray tube 112. Gunn diode

90. Catcher cavity 113. Spark gap

91. Oscillator 114. Horn and parabolic reflector

92. Permanent magnet 115. PPI

93. Cavity resonators 116. Phased array

94. Oscillator 117. 10 GHz

95. Radar 118. The distances involve are grater

96. Helix 119. Waveguides

97. Wider bandwidth 120. K-band

98. Klystrons 121. 92.4 + 20 log f + 20 log d

99. Horn 122. High pass filter

100. MTBF 123. Frequency diversity

101. 142.55 dB 124. Litz wire

102. Baseband repeater 125. Antennas operating on the same

frequencies
103. More
126. Frequency diversity
104. 0.6
127. Flattening 148. 1300

128. Electron gun, helix and collector 149. 6 AND gates and one 4-bit
binary adder
129. Shorten waveguide length
150. Radio Detection and Ranging
130. The lowest frequency the
waveguide operates 151. Prevent oscillations

131. Decreased 152. Is not a good low-level amplifier

because of noise
132. Greater than in free space
153. 2839.31 W
133. 54
154. Generating SHF signals
134. 183 GHz
155. Cross-field amplifier
135. 60 GHz
156. Frequency pushing
136. Attenuation due to water vapor
and oxygen 157. 4.92 GHz

137. 12.78 158. A hollow tube that carries HF

138. Terrestrial 159. Has a greater bandwidth

139. Prevent oscillation 160. Frequency pulling

140. Space diversity 161. Post-tuning drift

141. K x 4000 miles 162. -60 dBm

142. Pulse width 163. 11.6 m

143. Electronic Altitude and Director 164. Both a and b

Indicator
165. 8500 km
144. DME
166. -20 dBm
145. 43500 MHz
167. Combiner
146. Terrestrial Flight Telephone
System 168. 2 GHz

147. Automatic Direction Finder 169. 10 W

170. Prevent mode-jumping 190. Ensure that the electors will orbit
around the cathode
171. Phase velocity
191. -82 dBm
172. All of the above
192. 4.3 GHz
173. 17 m
193. 19.29
174. 140 dB
194. VTM
175. Baseband repeater
195. Through electromagnetic and
176. 6.575 - 6.875 GHz electrostatic fields in the walls of the
waveguide
177. Transverse-magnetic
196. Prevent the oscillations that
occurs in two-cavity klystrons
178. Should not have long horizontal
runs
197. Reduce the axial velocity of the
RF field
179. 205 K

198. Isolator
180. To compensate for discontinuities
at the join
199. To improve the noise
performance
181. Suitable for use as a microwave
switch
200. Rectangular waveguide
182. Lower attenuation
201. heterodyne receiver
183. Allows one antenna to feed two
separate microwave transmitters and 202. system gain
receivers at the same time
203. Doppler effect
184. 140.90 dB
204. a nonconductor with magnetic
185. Because it cannot operate at properties
room temperature
205. reduce the axial velocity of the
186. Provide attenuation RF field

187. Radome 206. prevent oscillations

188. Hollow metal conductors used to 207. oscillator

carry high-frequency current
208. traveling-wave tube
189. Backward wave oscillator (BWO)
209. PCBs 230. provide attenuation

210. Cathode-ray tube 231. hybrid diversity

211. circuit simplicity 232. it does not give the target range

212. 53 degrees 233. quad diversity

213. 10 234. monopulse

214. baseband repeater 235. is not good low-level amplifier

because of noise
215. ridged
236. protection switching
216. more accurate tracking enemy arrangement
targets
237. flap attenuator
217. diversity
238. conical
218. vary the RF
239. to allow the one antenna to be
219. LOS used for reception or transmission
without mutual interference
220. help in subtracting
a complete scan from the previous 240. hot standby
scan
241. the target will appear closer than
221. frequency diversity it really is

222. intermediate frequency 242. terminal stations

223. Tunnel 243. cavity resonator

224. gain increases 244. increase

225. 10.5 dB 245. pulse width

226. space diversity 246. magnetron

227. moving-target plotting on the PPI 247. increase the maximum range

228. polarization diversity 248. isolator

229. the target range, but not position 249. make the returned echoes easier
to distinguish from the noise
250. ringaround 272. 3.24 dB

251. is equal to the actual cross- 273. BWO

sectional area for small targets
274. 32.8 mi
252. fading
275. they are reflected from
253. coaxial the walls but do not travel along them

254. increased capture area 276. 10 nmi

255. Klystrons 277. they would be too bulky at

lower frequencies
256. horn
278. 23 dB
257. fading
279. is greater than in free space
258. 4
280. 7.5 GHz
259. 2
281. transmission lines use the
260. frequency multiplier principal mode of propagation, and
therefore do not suffer from low-
frequency cut-off
261. FSL

282. peak power

262. permanent magnet

283. double range echoes

263. 90 mph

284. are less bulky

264. carrier to noise ratio

285. any of these

265. 0.09 %

286. transverse magnetic

266. CFA

287. any of these

267. noise factor

288. greater than in the actual

268. 20 kW direction of propagation

269. focal point 289. 2000 yd

270. cavity resonators 290. phase velocity

271. cassegrain feed 291. rest time

292. the wavelength within the 297. radars
waveguide becomes infinite
298. to compensate for discontinuities
293. pulse width at the join

294. TE20 299. cavity resistance

295. pulse repetition frequency 300. E-plane T

296. the resulting impedance can be

matched directly to coaxial lines