IRC:37-2012 TENTATIVE GUIDELINES FOR THE DESIGN OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS (The Official amendments to this document would be published by the IRC in its periodical, ‘Indian Highways’ Which shall be considered as effective and as part of the code/guidelines/manual, etc. from the date specified therein) IDIAN ROADS CONGRESS 2012IRe-37-2012 TENTATIVE GUIDELINES FOR THE DESIGN OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS Published by: INDIAN ROADS CONGRESS Kama Koti Marg Sector-6, R.K. Puram, ‘New Delhi-110 022 December 2012 Prise 690 (Plus Packing & PostageIRess7-2012 Eton in December 2012 (AU Rights Reserved. No part ofthis publication shall be reproduced, translated or transmitted in any form or by any means witout the ‘pormission ofthe Indian Roads Congress) PPonted at: Inia Onset Pass, At- Mayopun ind. Area Phase |, New Dein (1000 Copies} CONTENTS Personne of Highways Specifications and Standards Committee Introcuetion Scope of Guidelines General Trac 41 General 42 Trafic Growth Rate 49° Design Lite 44 Vehicle Damage Factor 45. Distroution of Commercial Tac Over the Cartlagoway 48 Computation of Desion Taf Subgrade 5.1 Requirements of CBR for Sub 52 Ellecve CBR 5. Determination of Resilient Modulus Principles of Pavomant Design 6.1 Pavement Md! 62 Fatigue in Bottom Layer of Bituminous Pavement 63 Ruttng in Pavement {64 Top Down Cracking in Bituminous Layer 65 Cementious Sub-base and Base Pavament Composition TA General 72 Subbase Layer 7a Base Layer 7.4 Bituminous Layer Perpetual Pavernent Pavement Design Procedure 9.1 Using WTPAVE 82 Using Design Catalogue 9.3 Material Properties iRear-2012 Page No.Ro7-2012 IRe-a7-2012 10, Pavement Design Catalogues a PERSONNEL OF THE HIGHWAYS SPECIFICATIONS 10.1. Granutr Bacar Grankar Sub-base 2s ‘AND STANDARDS COMMITTEE 102 Commented Base and Comenied Sub-baso wit Crack Rl! decade iebec Bi tnertayer of Aagreoate 29 , 7 1 indore, RP DecerGanra (Road Devore} & Spt Sat 10. Cemented Base and Cemented Subbed wih SAM athe face ie a oe nao a Inoracs of Comerted Base andthe Bituminous Layer 2 2 ‘Kandasamy.C. AS Draco Gerra Mero Road Tago & 104 Foamed Bitarenfotumen Emulsion Treated RAP 38 cams = oe 10.5 Cemented Base and Granular Sub-base wih 3. Kumar ana Ch Engine) SRT, Mey o Riad Tarp & Crack Rb Layer ot Aggregate rorayer 38 (MomberSereon) olay: New Dah 108 Other Pavement Composition 41 ener 11. tntral Daingo in Pavement fm) aerersone e-Prsdnt Hindustan Conn. Co, i Mumbai ' 12, Design in Fos Afected Aros 4% 5 bausB Chie Engnaor td) MoRTAN, New Dot 13. Summary of Design Procadure and Use of ITPAVE Sofware 486 nga PL LAT Mi ‘mex! Consideratin in Design of umn Pavement 49 Barta Chir Engine) Asam, Guwaha Anvox!: Worked out Examples lusting the Design Method 578 —_Chanrosektar DF. .P_ Decree) Natal Rural Race Dowopmant Ageey {tana of wat Dovenpren, Now Dat Avoexil: —Equvlone of Thickness of Bturinous Mos of 3 1 Now O Deen Mod 6 8st PK Esecuve Decor, Conuting Eng, Srv () Pv. Li. ‘onextY: Preparation of Loboratory Test Specimens fr CBR Tes Popa ee ee ce | 10. Gargopacyey. 015. Deck Cerra Road Research inti, Now Dat Annex: Drainage Layer th Guta recor General (RO) BAS (Ret. MoRT, New Oa Arwes'l: Recommendation fr Stuminous Wearing Couses fr 12 Gita kk nt Enger td), Hoyo PHD, Faesbad Fone Pavemart 2 | deneK Chia Engineer td) Haryana PHO, Sones AenexVil: Selection of Grade of Bindrs and Mocs or Btuminous Courses «744, Jan. BS ee ee coon 1 Anne»-Vill: Resilient Modulus of Granular Materials 75 i | 1 soins. ha gious) MORTEM, New Bath fedotmed Asphalt Pavement anc Mx Design 7 teen aaa te | 18 Kadyah, OCR. Cin Exoove LR Kai & Asoc, Naw Oa 1 Kate. ctr Pret) Nalonal ira Roads = Roads Constructed in nia wit erate Materale ® Metae, PX er rf) Meer Fe Rn pet = 18. Krishna, Prabhat Chef Engineer (Retd.) Ministry of Road Trarsport & Highways, 19 KumavAshok Chin Enger (Rt My of Road Trspr & Highs z ow ota 20, Kumar, Manos EEngineern-Chit, Haryana PHD, ChandigarhIROT-2012 21 Kus, Jose 22 Momin. SS. 23 Nashtar SS 24 Patanar VL 25, Prathan, BC 25. Prasad, DN. 2 Raju, On. GVS. 23. Rathore. SS. 2, Redey OTS 30. Reddy, K Sia 31. Sharma, Or VM. 52 Shama, S¢. 33 Shull RS 34. Singh, Neral Je 38. Siona. AK. 36 SmaAV. 37. Singh. BN 38 Sioha, 398. Yadow, De VK. (Chie Engines (Pi) President IRC vector Genera (RO) & Spl. Secretary ‘Secretary General RC Borge, VB, Chet Enginee, OTTO Lit, New Det Former Member. Maharasita Publ Service Commission, ‘uum (Chat Engine (NM), PW (R) West Banga, Kolkata ‘Membor (ech), Naonal Highways Authorey of nda, (Chiat Engicer (NH), PO Orisa, Bhubaneshwar (Ciel Engieer (NH). RCD, Patna (Chief Engirer (RB), PWD Andhra Pradesh, Hyseratad Prnopal Secretary to the Govt ef Guat. RB Dept Gandhinagst ExSeint, Contra! Road Resaaten inte, New Deas Engneerr-Chiet (R&B), PWD Ardra Pradesh, Hyderabad Constant, AIMIL New De Doctor General (RD) AS (Rett), MaRTAH, Now Doh ExScinti, Conral Rot Resnatch insttite, New Det Doctor General (RD) 8 5 (Rett), MoRTSH, New De Chie Enginoor, (NH), UP PWD, Lucknew Drocor Geoural (RD) & SS (Rett) MoRTAH, New Deh Member Pojet), Nationa Highways Auton of a, New Doth Add. Chet Transporation Engineer CIOCO, Navi Mural Add. Director General, DGBR, New Delt Nir of oad Transport & Highways, Now Oot (Yay, OK), Adel Dieetor General, DGBR. New Dati (ledonia, RP), Miney oF Road Transport & Highways New th Corresponding Members ments Fallon, Bangalom Unworsy, Gangalore Constant Runa Conte, Mumba EEngineorin. Chit et), Haryana PWO Secrotay (Roads) (Rel), Maharastra PMD, Mumba iRos7-2012 ABBREVIATIONS [A symbols are explained where they occur fist. Some ofthe symbols are, AMT ARPT AMAT AMPT AASHTO. asTM AUSTROADS Bc Bis eM ° car cro craic oa ‘Average Annual Air Temperature Average Annual Pavement Temperature [Average Monthy Ait Temperature ‘Average Monthly Pavement Temperature ‘Ameriean Association of State Highway ond Transporation Ofciats American Society of Testing and Materials Association of Australian and New Zealand Road “Transport and Trae Authorties. [Btuminaus Concrete ‘Bureau of Indian Standards Bituminous Macadam ‘Spacing of Transverse Cracks CCakforia Bearing Ratio ‘Cumulative Fatigue Damage Cement Treated Base - includes al ype of Cement Chemical stabitzed bases Dense Bituminous Macadam Elastic Modulus of Cementitious Layer Granular Base Gross Domestic Product Granular Sub-base (Crack tnfitaion Rate Per Unt Length Indian Roads Congress Infitration Rate Per Unt Area of Un-Cracked Pavement Surface Resient Modulus Modulus of Rupture Mechanistic Empirical Pavement Design Guide ion Standard AxlesiRos7-2012 IRosr-2012 0. Pavement Design Catalogues: = PERSONNEL OF THE HIGHWAYS SPECIFICATIONS 10.1. Ganutor Base acd Granular Sub-base 25 [AND STANDARDS COMMITTEE 102. Comonted Base and Cemented Sur-base wi Crack Rei Waeadi* treat 50) Ieateye of Apart 2 1 nda ‘Decor General (Road Developmen & Sl Secon, 10.3. Cemented Base ond Cemented Sub-base wih SAM at tha (Convener) Misty of Read Transpo & Hignways, New Doin Intrfao of Comontod Bao andthe Bituminous Layer 2 2. Kandasamy.c. Ad rotor Genera Misty Rood anspor 8 104 Foard Bitumerititumen Emsion Treted RAP a (Gocomeroy——Hagaya New Dot 105 Cemented Base and Granular Sub-base wth 2. uma an Chia Enger) SRAY. Mis of Rood Transpo & Crack Ree! Layer of Agaregateinorayor 8 (WomberSeereay) Yaghays New Dt 106 Other Pavemert Composition a Mersbers 11, tiara Drainage in Pavement 43 | Amarr Vin rant, Hncotn Conn Co. Lt, tbat 12 Design in Fost Acted Aras | 5 base Chie Engine (od) MeRTSH, New Dat 13. Summary of Design Procedure and Use of ITPAVE Software 46 Bonga PL Adin LAT, Mumba fonox: — Consiteration in Design of Bituminous Pavement 49. bordokiac Chia npner (NH Assam, Gat i fonoesl: Worked out Examples Ihsan he Design Method 57 | &—_charrasetna.0F 8, Deedar {0h} Nana url Roads Development Agere} Annexctit Equivalence of Thickness of Bituminous Mixes of ce Se LA ARSE Deron ed 6 | 8 tap Excite Dic Const Egg. Servs () Pid Nowa fenoxiV:— Properaton of Laboratory Tet Specimens or CBR Tot nd Soocton of Sb-qrado CBR ca | 10. Gangopadyay. Or: 8. Drader, Cail Road Research inte New hi | tena: Ora ayer | Gani 0 Dac General (RO) 8 AS (eld) MoTBH, New Dei Fras; Recommendation for Btuarinous Wearing Curses or 12 Guta Ki nat Eagan (Rts), Mana PWD, Fndtad Fionble Paveront Rar Chat Eagi (ts) Haars PO, Sonepat Jenax.it: —Seecion of Grad of Binders and Maes for Bituminous Couses «74a, 02 58 otemor & Coordna, Cerro ranaporaon Egg Aanex-Vill- Resilient Modulus of Granular Materials. 5 a = a 6 tan Ch Enger (Ret). MORTEM, Now Ooh onexX> —Paverent Layers wth Chemical Stabized Matis e318 —_Kaya. Oe LR, Cie Exon, LA Kayo & Assocs, New Dh nex XI: Roads Consiructed in India with Alternate Materia bide Sista opted Rial este Dececast Fares: Heese Ge or le wa ornate Wl e ‘geno, (nist of ura Oevaloprant New Dah References: » 8. Krishna, Prabhat Chie! Engineer (Retd ) Ministy of Road Transport & Highways, Nom Cob j 12. Kumar Aah Chel Ener (Ret) Mrs of Road Transport & Highways, Rowton 2. Kumar, Manes Enginear-n-Chit, Haryana PWD, ChandigarhiRear-2012 MORTH spac 80 oP, ues Ministy of Road Transport & Highways ‘Mixed Seal Surfacing ‘No. of Longitudinal Cracks Cumulative No. of Repatiions for Fatigue Failure Cumulative No of Repetiions for Ruting Falure Premix Carpet Water nfitration Rate Pet Unit Area Stress Absorbing Membrane inlerayer Recleimed Asphalt Pavement Rolabitty Factor ‘Semi-Dense Bituminous Concrete Surface Dressing State Domestic Product Unconfined Compressive Strength ‘Volume oft Voids ‘Volume of Bitumen Vehicio Damage Factor Viscosity Grade \waeth of Pavement Subjected to infitrton Longth of Transverse Cracks Water Bound Macadam Wel Mx Macadam Horizontal Tensile Strain Vortical Subgrade Strain Poisson's Ratio Micro Strain iRes7-2012 ‘TENTATIVE GUIDELINES FOR THE DESIGN OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1.4. The guidelines on design of foxble pavement wore fist brought out in 1970, which ‘were based on California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of subgrade anc traffe in terms of number ‘of commercial vehicles (more than 3 tonnes ladon weight). These guidelines were revised in 1984 in which design traffic was consideredin torms of cumulatve number of equivatent ‘slandatd axle load of 80 KN in millions of stendard axles (msa) and design charts were provided for trafic upto 30 msa using an empiical approach. 4.2 The quidalines were revised again in 2001 when pavements were required to be designed for trae as high as 150 msa. The revised guidelines used a semi-mectanistic ‘approach based on tho results of the MORTH's research scheme R56 implemented at IIT Kharagpur. The software, FPAVE was developed for the analysis and design of fexible pavements. Multiayor elastic theory was adopted for sttss analysis ofthe layered elastic System. Alorge number of data collected fom diferent parts of India under various research schemes of MORTH were used fr the devolopment of fatigue and rutting criteria from field performance data 1.3 The tafe pattern has changed since then and 80 has the technology. The volume cof tandem, idem and mul-aie vehicles has tcreased manifold and heavier axe loads are ‘common. Experience has been gained on the use of new form of construction and materais seh a8 stone matt asphalt modified bitumen, foamed bitumen, Bitumen emulsion, warm asphalt, comentiious bases and sub-bases since the publication ofthe last revision ofthe ‘Uidelines. Conventional as wells commercaly avaiable chemical sol stabilizers are being successfdly usad in val sections. Attention is focused on fatigue resistant bituminous mixes with high viscosty binders for heavy tafe wih a view to construct high performance fang lie bituminous pavements. The guidelines contained in this document raflect the current, knowledge in the subject, 14 Conventional construction material ike aggregates 's becoming progressively scarce on account of envieonmentalconcems as wal as legal restrictons on quarrying white the construction activity has expanded phenomenally. This Nas shifted focus from large scale Luce of conventional aggrogatos to use a ocal,recycied an engineered marginal aggregates in construction. 1.5 itis recognized that research as well as performance tials have rot been very extensive India for some of thenew materials out these have been includedin the guidelines In the fight of extensive performance reports and current practice in Australia, South Arica ‘and other courtios wth due safeguards in design for heavy axle loads, Some tals in India hhave performed weil (Annex XI)IRe7-2012 Accordingly this guidelines of IRG:37 incerporates some ofthe ew and alternate materia in the current design practices. A designer can use his sound engineering judgment consistent wi eal envionment using a sem-mackaniste approach for éesign of pavements 1.6 Tho inal drat was prepared by Prof. B.B. Pandey of |IT Kharagpur and resented before the Flexibio Pavement Committee (}-2) of RC during its meeting held on 46.2011, Thore after the draft after fuer revision, was presented atthe joint meating of Flee Pavement Committee and Composite Pavement Commitee (H-9) under the joint Cconvenorship of Sh A.V. Sinha and Shi PL. Bongirwar held on 12.9.2011 and the draft was finally approved inthe joint mesting. The name of the personnel of Flexble Pavernent Committee (H-2) are given below: Sinha, AV, = Convenor ‘Bose, Dt Sun Co-Convenor Nema, SK. Member-Secretary Members Basu, Chandan Kata, PX. Bhanwala, Col. RS, krishna, Praohat Bongirwar Pl. Lal, Chaman Das. Dr. Animesh Nigam. Or. Sx. Dushaka, Vanlal Pachaun, 0K Gajra, Maj, Gon. KT. Pandey, RK. Jain, De MC. ‘Saima, Or Sharam 6 dain, RK Sharma, S.C, sain, Rajesh Kumar Tyagi, BR, dain, DE SS. Wasson, Ashok Kardhal, Pot. Pri Singh Yadav, Dr. VK. (Rep. of 0GBR) Correspending Members Bhattacharya, CC. Justo, Be CEG. Dorgre, Dr. Ra} Sharma, SK ExOffcio Members President, IRC (Yadav, Dr VK. VSM) Director General(RD) & SS, MORTH! Secretary General, IRC Andoria, RP) 1.7 The finalized document was submitted to the Highways Specifications and ‘Standares Committea (HSS) of IRC for tier cansideraton, The document was approved Rear-2012 by the Highways Specifications and Standards Commitee (HSS) in ts meotng hold on 239-2011, The Executive Comite ints meeting heldon 710.2011 approved ne document {for placing betore Councl. The dacument was approved by the IRC Counc nits meeting held on 3.112011 at Lucknow. The DG (RD) & SS authorized the Convenor of the Flexible Pavement Committe (H-2) to Incorporate the comments offered by the Counc members ‘The comments have been incorporated and the document has been fralized 2s one ofthe revised Publications of IRC. 2 SCOPE OF THE GUIDELINES 24 The Guidelines shat apply to the design of now flexible pavements for Expressways, National Highways. Stato Highways, Major Dsict Roads and other categories of roads predominantly carrying motorized vehicles. These guidelines do not form a rigid Mandar fad sound engineering judgment considering the Jocal environment and past pavement performance inthe respective regions should be given due consideration whie selecting 2 pavement composition 22 For the purpose of the guidelines, fexble pavements include pavements with Bituminous surfacing over: 0 w Granular base and sub-base Cementitious bases and sub-bases with @ crack rliot layer of aggregate ‘ntorlayer below the bituminous surfacing Cementitious bases and sub-bases with SAM! in-between Bfuminous surfacing and the comentitous base layer for retaring the election cracks into the bituminous layer Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) with or without additon of fresh aggregates treated wih foamed bitumervbtumen emulsion i w Use of deep strngt long lie bituminous pavement sas included. 23 These guidelines shall not be straightway applied to overlay design fr which IRC:81-1997(21) or a more suitable procedure based on evaluation of in sit properties of pavement layers by Paling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) should be used (25.56) 24 The guidelines may requita revision from time to time in the light of future ‘developments ond experience in the felt, Towards this ond, iti suggested that all the ‘organizations Infending to use the guidelines should keep a detailed record of the year of constuction, subgrade CBR, sol characteristics including resilent modulus, pavement Composition and specifications, traf, pavement performance, overiay history. climatic ‘onions etc. and provide teedack tothe Indian Roads Congress fr futher revision.iRes7-2012 Re37-2012 fatigue damage of such bases for heey trafic. Following information isneeded for estimatijga Vehicle Damage Factor ee ec} 7a guainee use atlas Dring rack (Ue sin cf aii (i) Initia traffic after construction in terms of number of Commercial Vehicles | ‘thickness design of pavements. In case of cemented bases, cumulative damage principle day (CVPO). [> sod for eterraring fatigue tte ot cementsious bases lrheavy afc and or thal spectrum (1) Te grow te te eign en prerage, jostede wend Magee: 14.4.2 The Vehicle Damage Factor (VDF is a multiplier to convert the number of commercial (iv) Spectrum of axe loa. fees rr xe eas and ee contareton ioe numberof poe of (¥) Vehicle Damage Factar (VDF), [standard ade load of magnitude 80 KN. Its defined as equivalent number of standard axles (wi) Distribution of commercial talc over the cariageway. |per commercial vehicle, The VOF varies with the vahicieaxte configuration and axe loading. 4.1.2 Only the number of commercial vices having gross vehicle weight of 30 kN 4.3 The equations for computing equivalency factors for single, tandem and tem more and ther ale-loading is considered fr the purpose ef design of pavement. [axles given below should be used for converting diferent axle load repetitions nto equivalent lcandard axlo load repotiions. Since the VOF values in AASHO Road Test for flexible and 42.3 Assessment of the present day average Waffic should be based on sever' 30 msa, VG 40 bitemen is recommended for Caswell as OBM in India. Thickness of BM for 50 msaislower than thatfor30.msa for afewcases ve fer btumen. Loner DBMs compacted fo anal void of 3 percent after rong with volume, lumen close to 13 per cent (Bitumen content may be 0.5 per cant to 0.8 per cent higher the optimum), Thickness combinations up to 30 msa are the same as tose adopted in 37-2001. GSB consists ofa separationfiter(F) inthe bottom and a drainage layer (0) ng the gradation 4 of Table V-t in Annex V. Coarse graded GSB of MORTH with fines than 2 per cent may also be used. 25 aRea7-2012 PLATE 1 (CBR 3%) = PLATE 4 (CBR 6%) PEELE a os ‘ee a é : oBRERERRES os ‘ee cBERSERAE : ee ‘aeiRea7-2012 Ro-s7-2012 3 PLATE 7 (CBR 9 & 10%) ()Atowable Horizontal Tensilo Strain in Bituminous Layers 169 x 10+ for VG 440 mixes (Allowable valve is 178 x 10° from 9, 6.1 for a mix with VG 30, used in IRC: 37-2001), {i Atowable Vertcal Compressive Strain on Subgrade is 291 x 10° (Aowable value is 370 x 10 fom Eq, 6.4 used in IRC: 37-2001) = 3000 MPa Ce jr PLATE7, BC = 50 mm, DBM = 125 mm, WHIM =250 mm, GS8-200 mm. The computed eae ins From ITPAVE Software are (Horizontal Tensile Strain in Bituminous Layer is 149 x10 < 183 x10 so GT a. “— ce the Pavement Composition is Safe. Bituminous Pavements with Cemented Base and Cemented Subbase with Crack RelitInterayer of Aggregate PLATE 8 (CBR 15 %) pean s Subgrade CBR = “0%, Exggany = 17}6x CBROS = 75 MPa Ma guns * 0.2% Egnte XP Mg ganar =02 X75 x A508 7 i) Vertical Compressive Strain on Subgrade is 244 x 10°° < 251 x 10-° } i © Fig, 10.2 Bituminous Surfacing, Coment Treated Base and Coment Trsatod itustration ‘Sub-Base with Aggregate Interayer Yeatfe: 150 msa | 10.2 shows a fve layer elastic since consisting of bituminous surfacing, aggregate hs modulus and poissons rato ave the input parameters apart fom loads and gecmet'y @ pavement for the ITPAVE software. For trafic > 30 mea, VG 40 bitumen is used for DR. muting. DBM has ak void of 3 per cent ater roling (Bitumen content is 0.5 per {I-06 per cent higher ran the optimum). Cracking of camented base is taken as the For the civen composition ef Pavement thicknesses, 90% Rellabilty is adopted ie, Eqahlife of a pavement. For trafic greater than 30 msa, minenum thickness of bituminous and Eq. 6.5 are used (Equrions 6 1 and 64 with 80% reliably are used for design pe Bonlating of DBM and BC layers is taken as 100 rm (AASHTO-1993) even though the Up to 30 ms, ness requirement may bo less from structural consideration Residual fe ofthe bituminous Against fatigue cracking fs not considerad since i rack faster ator the facture ofthe base. Upper 100 mm of the cemented subioasa (D) having the gradation 4 ofthe = 234 MPA. Mg umm 20iRear-2012 Rc ar-2012 ee ‘ars gulod Gob. HORT wh ener an pe con comainng oma Z3 per] fe | PLATE 11 (CBR 10%) somanesieoh : = jog BE Be A | > PLATE 9 (CBR 3%) = ; | re} d=: bso] foo] fasol fsa) fase] so) 4 y i ee er I: - sm fi eh ie 5 : S| fap ecxteceseun) ena) taming Nel hl feo-= = | ot z — — - i 3 8 8 8 & a = [crsubbnafE6OOMps) CT BaseEaSOODMos) ——_-mMAguegte Layer E50 MoH) 3 om smsosciuetSmsa/s¢ j i ‘ren ~ ee - (ES EEE =n 7S 5 eis 5 sft a =H E oo | Trans f= = =| Fc samnsntn) cttins weromine in) =| = SS oe i J x0! ie = = oT) : ie a a msa = Ge aw ww PANNE 100 c tanga =12SCERC = 7 Train sa on re = 9000 MPa crap He lene mtg MND MPa), Cemented base = 110 mm (E = 5000 MPa), comented subbase = 250 mm Pa) 8 6.3, 6 5 and 6.6 are used as design citer. | aoe (S308 upto mea i] 30 atRes7-2012 | ()Alowable Horizontal Tensile Strain in Bituminous Layer is 153 x 10% iRos7-2012 Jn the optinum). Cracking of cemented hase is taken as the life of pavement. Minimum of bituminous layer fr major highways is recommended as 100 mn as per the SHTO 93 guidelines. Stress on the underside of the bituminous layer over un-cracked layers compressive (il) owabie Vertical Compressive Strain on Subgrade is 291 x 10° th) lewabie Tensile Stain in Cementitious Layeris 64.77 x 10-* From ITH Software the computed strains ae 400 mm of the cemented subbase having the gradation 4 of Table Vet of Annex Vis (2) Horizontal Tensile Strain in Bituminous Layers 13x10 eg ee errr ace erate beonaticen b} Vertical Compressive Strain on Subgrace 6 213 x 10%, (©) Tensile Strain in Cementitious Layer is 52 x 10% PLATE 13 (CBR 3%) ‘ech Pevne Cortese Deas tee pec g 2 S Be Ae senasirossuaare Aiea @ a i 103 Cameo Sean Card saan win SA a 6 tare Cineneggns onde iro tne j onc eat ee bel fem| fos) lw) te) tll lmspaciote smavoc Cement rested subse so] fase] fm) | ee) fsa] aso! [aso] fasol aso} aso) as Fig, 10.3 Bituminous Surfacing with Cemented Granular Base and Cemented Granul 2 5 wD mm mw ‘Sub-base with Stress Absorbing Membrane nterlayer (SAMI) seit: Fig. 10.3 shows a four layer pavement consisting of tituminous surfacing, cemented cemented subbase and the subgrade. For traffic > 30 msa, VG 40 bitumen is used. has air void of3 per cant ater roling (Bitumen content is 0.5 per cont 1006 per cent TCTSubbsef-C00Mos) ECT BofS600Nps} DAM mSOACuoteSmaEC x2 33