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General Conceps Separable Equations Exact Equations Linear Equations Modeling With System of First Order Ode

This document discusses first-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs). It covers general concepts of ODEs including definitions, classifications by type (ODE vs PDE), order, and linearity. Specific topics covered include separable equations, exact equations, linear equations, and modeling systems of first-order ODEs. Examples are provided to illustrate homogeneous vs non-homogeneous equations, initial conditions, solving separable and linear equations, and verifying solutions.

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xxxtoyaxxx
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39 views

General Conceps Separable Equations Exact Equations Linear Equations Modeling With System of First Order Ode

This document discusses first-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs). It covers general concepts of ODEs including definitions, classifications by type (ODE vs PDE), order, and linearity. Specific topics covered include separable equations, exact equations, linear equations, and modeling systems of first-order ODEs. Examples are provided to illustrate homogeneous vs non-homogeneous equations, initial conditions, solving separable and linear equations, and verifying solutions.

Uploaded by

xxxtoyaxxx
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

Chapter 1.

First-Order ODEs

1.1 General conceps


1.3 Separable equations
1.4 Exact equations
1.5 Linear Equations
1.9 Modeling with system of first order ode

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Definition
A dierential equation is an equation that contains one or more
derivatives of the function

d2 x
Mass spring system m + kx = f (t)
dt2

dT
Fouriers Law q = k
dx

da
Fatige Analysis = CK m
dN
! "
d2 d2 w
Beams deflection EI 2 =q
dx2 dx

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Classification by type
ODE
dy
+ 6x = ex
dx
d2 y dy
2
+6 12y = 0
dx dx
dx dy
+ = 3x + 2y
dt dt
PDE
2u 2u
+ 2 =0
x2 y
2u 2 u u
2
= 2
x t t
2
u v
2
=
y x
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Clasification by order
The order of a dierential equation is the highest derivative in the
equation
# $3
d2 y dy
2
+5 4y = ex
dx dx
d4 u d2 u
2 + 2 =0
dx4 dt

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Clasification by linearity

an (x)y (n) + an1 (x)y (n1) + . . . + a1 (x)y + a0 (x)y = g(x)

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Questions
Given the following dierential equations

d2 y % t5 u(4) + t2 u + 2u = 0
= 1 + y2
dt2
Is it a Linear ODE?
A yes
B no
What is the order of the ODE?
A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4

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Homogeneous vs. non homogeneous
A dierential equation can be written as
& '
f x, y, y , . . . , y (n) = g(x)

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Solution to an ODE
Given an norder ODE, F (x, (x), . . . , (n) (x)) = 0,
(x) is a solution if it posseses at least nderivatives that are
continuous in an interval and when replaced in the ODE, it reduces
the ODE to an identity.

Example: Given 3y 6 = 0, is y(x) = 2x + c a solution ?

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Example
Given the following ODE:

3y + 2y = 0

verify that y = ce2x/3 is a solution

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Question
Given the following ODE

y
+y =0
4
verify that y = sin(2x) is or is not a solution
A yes, it is a solution
B no, it is not a solution

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Initial Conditions

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Separable equation, definition
A first order dierential equation

y = f (x, y)

is separable if it can be written in the following form

y = g(x)h(y)

Examples:

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Question
Is the following equation separable?

xy + 2y 2 = 0

A yes
B no

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Solution of a separable ODE

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Example
Find the solution to y = y 2 with initial condition y(0) = 4

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Linear Equations
Given a linear, first-order dierential equation

a(x)y + a1 (x)y = g(x)

if a(x) is dierent from zero anywhere

y + p(x)y = f (x)

Assume that p(x) ans f (x) are continuous over the domain, then
the general solution is:
y = yc + yp

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Homogeneous case, f (x) = 0

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Examples

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