EECS 3480

ELECTRICAL
ENERGY
CONVERSION LAB
MANUAL
S.NO EXPERIMENTS

1 DC MOTOR OPERATION

2 DC SEPARATELY EXCITED GENERATOR

3 DC COMPOUND GENERATOR

4 SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR OPERATION UNDER LOAD

5 O C, S C AND LOAD CHARACTERISTIC OF 3 SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR

6 VOLTAGE REGULATION OF THE THREE-PHASE SYNC. GEN.

7 WRIM CONNECTION AND EFFECT RMF UPON THE INDUCED VOLTAGE

8 WRIM SPEED-TORQUE CHARACTERISTICS

9 THE CAPACITOR START MOTOR

10 THREE-PHASE TRANSFORMER BANK

EXPERIMENT-1 DC MOTOR OPERATION

OBJECTIVE:
To discover all the different to connect the field coils of a DC motor, the factors that affect the direction in
which it rotates.
MACHINES AND MATERIALS REQUIRED:

Power Supply Module (120Vac, 0-120Vdc) EMS 8821

DC Motor/Generator Module EMS 8211
Electrodynamometer Module EMS 8960-20
Connection Leads EMS 8941
Timing Belt EMS 8942

PROCEDURE:
A. Field Connections:
Step 1: Connect the series field in series the motor's armature, as shown in Figure 1. Have the Lab Instructor
check and certify all connections are correct.
Step 2: Turn the main AC supply circuit breaker and slowly increase the supply until there is 50 volts across
the series combination of the armature and field coil. Do not apply any more than 50 volts. Measure and
record Speed, Current and Voltage in Table 1.
Step 3: Turn the supply knob back to zero and turn OFF all circuit breaker.
Step 4: Connect the shunt field in parallel the armature as in Figure 2. Increase the supply until there is 115
volts across the parallel combination of the armature and the field coil. Measure and record Speed, Current
and voltage in Table 2. Repeat the measurements for 50 volts.
Step 4: Turn E supply knob back to zero and turn OFF all circuit breaker switches.
Step 5: Connect the compound motor circuit as in Figure 3. This is the cumulative compound connection.
Step 6: Slowly increase the supply until its output reads 115 volts. Measure Speed, current and voltage and
record them in Table 3.
Step 7: Turn E supply knob back to zero and turn OFF all circuit breaker switches.
Step 8: Reverse the connections to the shunt field as shown in Figure 4. This is the differential compound
connection.
Step 9: Slowly increase the supply until its output reaches 15 volts. Measure and record Speed, Current
and voltage in Table 4. If the armature is not rotating, see what happens if you try to rotate it by hand. If
the armature still does not rotate by itself, skip the next step and go to Step 10.
Step 10: With the armature turning, increase the supply to 15 volts. Make a note of how the motor behaves
at the lower voltages.
Step 11: Turn the supply knob back to zero and turn OFF all circuit breaker switches. Disconnect all leads.
 B. Direction of Rotation:

1. Direction of rotation of a shunt motor

Step 12: Connect the motor to the supply as in Figure 5.
Step 13: Turn ON the main AC circuit breaker and slowly increase the voltage until the armature starts to
turn. The clockwise and counter clockwise direction is determined by viewing the LCD panel of
dynamometer coupled to motor. Make a note of the direction of rotation.
Step 14: Turn OFF all circuit breaker switches.
Step 15: Disconnect the shunt field leads and reconnect as in Figure 6. Note that polarity of the shunt field
connections reversed, the direction of the main magnetic field is reversed.
Repeat steps 13 & 14
Step 16: Disconnect the shunt field leads and reconnect them as they originally. Disconnect the armature
leads and reconnect them as in Figure 7. Note that the polarity of the armature leads reversed, the direction
of the armature's magnetic field is reversed.
Repeat steps 13 & 14
Step 17: Disconnect the armature leads and reconnect them as they were originally. Disconnect the supply
leads and reconnect them as in Figure 8. Note that the polarity of the supply leads reversed, the directions
of both the main field and armatures magnetic field are reversed.
Repeat steps 13 & 14
Step 18: Disconnect all leads.
2. Direction of rotation of a series motor.
Step 19: Connect the series field in series with the armature and hook up the motor to the power supply as
in Figure 9. Do not turn the on yet.
Step 20: Turn ON the main AC circuit breaker switch and slowly increase the voltage until the armature
starts to turn. Do not exceed 30 volts. Make a note of the direction of rotation.
Step 21: Turn OFF all circuit breaker.
Step 22: Disconnect the series field leads and reconnect then-r as shown in Figure 10. Note that the polarity
of the series field connections reversed. The direction of the main magnetic field is reversed.
Repeat steps 20 & 21
Step 23: Disconnect the series field leads and reconnect them as they were originally. Disconnect the
armature leads and reconnect them as in Figure 11. Note that with the polarity of the armature leads
reversed, the direction of the armatures magnetic field is reversed.
Repeat steps 20 & 21
Step 24: Disconnect the armature leads and reconnect them as they were originally. Disconnect the supply
leads and reconnect them as in Figure 12. Note that with the polarity of the supply leads reversed, the
direction of both the main magnetic field and the an-nature's magnetic field are reversed.
 Repeat steps 20 & 21
Step 25: Disconnect all leads.
DATA AND RESULTS:

Table 1

Speed (RPM) Current (A) Voltage (V)

Table 2

Speed (RPM) Current (A) Voltage (V)

Table 3

Speed (RPM) Current (A) Voltage (V)

Table 4

Speed (RPM) Current (A) Voltage (V)

FIGURES:

Figure 1&2
Figure 3&4
Figure 5,6,7&8
Figure 9,10,11&12
REPORT QUESTIONS:
1. Step 1, you connected the armature in series with the series field winding. What would happen to the
field current if the armature current decreased? Explain why.
2. In step 4, you connected the armature in parallel the shunt field winding. What happen to the field current
if the armature current decreased? Explain why.
3. Did the series motor appear to run faster or slower than the shunt motor, when you applied 50 volts?
4. In step 5, you had a cumulative compound motor connection. Was its behavior more like a series motor
or shunt motor?
5. In step 9 and 10, you observed the behavior of a differential compound motor. What did you notice
different about its operation, particularly at voltage? Why did it act that way?
6. Using the abbreviations CW for clockwise and CCW for counter clockwise indicate the direction of the
armature's rotation for each of the connections listed below.

Fig 1 Fig 2 Fig 3 Fig 4 Fig 5 Fig 6 Fig 7 Fig 8

7. Was there any difference in the effect that reversing leads had on the series motor and the shunt motor?
Explain why.
8. Did reversing the incoming leads reverse the direction of either the series motor or the shunt motor?
Explain why.
9. Knowing that some DC motors are series wound, some are shunt wound, and some are compound wound,
what do you think be the best to reverse a DC motor, if you had to set up a standard method? Explain why.
EXPERIMENT-2 DC SEPARATELY EXCITED GENERATOR
REQUIRED EQUIPMENT:

Power Supply Module (120/208V 3, 120 Vdc, 0-120Vdc) EMS 8821

DC Motor/Generator Module EMS 8211
Synchronous Motor/Generator Module EMS 8241
Resistance Module EMS 8311
Connection Leads EMS 8941
Timing Belt EMS 8942
PROCEDURE:
NO LOAD CHARACTERISTICS
Step 1: Because of its constant running speed, the synchronous motor will be used to mechanically drive
the dc generator. Using your EMS Power Supply, the Data Acquisition Interface (DAI) modules in the EMS
workstation and Synchronous Motor Modules, connect the circuit shown in Figure 1

Figure 1
Step 2: Terminals 1, 2 and 3 on the power supply provide fixed three-phase power for the three-stator
windings. Terminals 8 and N on the power supply provide fixed dc power for the rotor winding. Set the
rheostat control knob to its proper position for normal excitation. The normal position of the rheostat is that
by controlling the DC excitation, the stator currents are at their minimum values.
Step 3: a) Using your EMS DC Motor/Generator and the Data Acquisition Interface (DAI) modules in the
EMS workstation, connect the circuit shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2
b) Connect the shunt field of the generator, terminals 5 and 6, to the variable dc output of the power supply,
terminals 7 and N, while connecting the 500mA meter in series with the positive lead.
c) Connect the 200Vdc meter across the generator output (armature terminals 1 and 2).
d) Couple the synchronous motor and the dc generator with the timing belt.
e) Make sure the brushes are in their neutral position.
f) Have your instructor check your circuit.
Caution: The switch in the excitation circuit of the synchronous motor should be closed (up position) only
when the motor is running.
Step 4: a) Turn on the power supply. The synchronous motor should start running.
b) If the synchronous motor has switch S, close it at this time.
c) Vary the shunt field current IF by rotating the voltage control knob on the power supply. Note the effect
on the generator output (armature voltage) EA as indicated by the 200 Vdc meter.
d) Measure and record in Table 1 the armature voltage EA for each of the listed field currents.
e) Return the voltage to zero and turn off the power supply.
f) Can you explain why there is an armature voltage even when the field current is zero?
Step 5: a) Reverse the polarity of the shunt field by interchanging the leads to terminals 5 and 6 on the dc
generator.
b) Turn on the power supply and adjust for a field current IF of 300mAdc.
c) Did the armature voltage reverse its polarity?
d) Return the voltage to zero and turn off the power supply.
Step 6: a) Interchange the leads to the 200Vdc meter.
b) Turn on the power supply and adjust for a field current IF of 300mAdc.
c) Measure and record the armature voltage.
EA= ______________ Vdc
d) Is the armature voltage approximately the same as in Procedure 4 (at an IF of 300mA), except for reversed
polarity?
e) Return the voltage to zero and turn off the power supply.
Step 7: a) Reverse the rotation of the driving motor by interchanging any two of the stator lead connections
(terminals 1, 2 or 3) to the synchronous motor.
b) Turn on the power supply and adjust for a field current IF of 300mAdc,
c) Did the armature voltage reverse its polarity?
d) Return the voltage to zero and turn off the power supply.
Step 8: a) Interchange the leads to the 200Vdc meter.
b) Turn on the power supply and adjust for a field current IF of 300mAdc.
c) Measure and record the armature voltage.
EA = ________________ Vdc
d) Is the armature voltage approximately the same as in Procedure 4 (at an IF of 300mA), except for reversed
polarity?
e) Return the voltage to zero and turn off the power supply.

LOAD CHARACTERISTICS
Step 9: Using your EMS Resistance Module, connect the circuit shown in Figure 3. Place the resistance
switches so that the total load resistance is 120 ohms.
 Figure 3
Step 10: a) Turn on the power supply. The synchronous motor should start running.
b) Adjust the shunt field current IF until the generator is delivering an output voltage of 120Vdc. The
ammeter IA should indicate 1Adc.
c) Record the shunt field current
IF = ____________________ mA.
This is the nominal IF at the rated power output (120V x 1A = 120W) of the dc generator.
Step 11: a) Adjust the load resistance to obtain each of the values listed in Table 2 while maintaining the
nominal IF value found in step 10.
b) Measure and record EA and IA for each of the resistance values listed in the Table 2.
NOTE: Although the nominal, output current rating of the generator is 1Adc, it may be loaded up to 1.5Adc
(50% overload) without harm.
Step 12: a) With the load resistance adjusted for an output current IA of 1.5A, turn the field current IF on
and off by removing the connecting lead from terminal 6 of the dc generator.
b) Do you notice that the driving motor is obviously working harder when the generator is delivering power
to the load?
c) Return the voltage to zero and turn off the power supply.
Step 13: Calculate and record the power for each of the values listed in Table 2
Step 14: a) Place a dead short across the armature (terminals 1 and 2).
b) Make sure that the power supply voltage control knob is turned down for zero field current.
c) Turn on the power supply.
d) Gradually increase the field current IF until the motor stalls.
Caution: Do not leave the motor in the stalled condition for more than a couple of seconds.
e) What value of shunt field current IF is needed to stall the motor?
IF = _________________ mA
f) Turn off the power supply.
NOTE: With a short-circuit across the armature, its current becomes very large; this produces a strong
braking effect sufficient to stall the driving motor.
Can you explain why there is an armature voltage even when the field current is zero?
Record the armature voltage. EA= ______________ Vdc
Is the armature voltage approximately the same as in Procedure 4 (at an IF of 300mA), except for reversed
polarity?
Did the armature voltage reverse its polarity?
Record the shunt field current IF = ______________ mA.
What value of shunt field current IF is needed to stall the motor? IF = ___________ mA

If
EA
(Mill amperes)
(Volts)

50

100

150

200

250

300

400

Table 1
 RL IA EA
Power
(Ohms) (Amps) (Volts)
(Watts)

600

300

200

150

120

100

80

75

Table 2

REPORT QUESTIONS:
1) Plot the magnetization curve (open circuit voltage vs. field current) from data in in Table 1.

2) Plot the external characteristics (voltage and current at RL) from the data obtained in Step
in Table 2.

3) For this separately excited generator, did equal changes in load result in equal or unequal
changes in terminal voltage? Explain if this was expected and why.
EXPERIMENT-3 DC COMPOUND GENERATOR

REQUIRED EQUIPMENT:

Power Supply Module (120/208V, 3, 120Vdc, 0-120Vdc) EMS 8821

DC Motor/Generator Module EMS 8211
Dynamometer Module EMS 8260-20
Resistance Module EMS 8311
Connection Leads EMS 8941
Timing Belt EMS 8942
PROCEDURE:
Caution: The switch in the excitation circuit of the synchronous motor should be closed (up position)
only when the motor is running.
Step 1The dynamometer will be used to drive the dc generator at a speed of 1800 RPM. Couple the
dynamometer to DC motor module with a timing belt.
Step 2: The dynamometer speed can be controlled either way (manually or through computer).
Step 3: a) Using your EMS DC Motor/Generator, the Data Acquisition Interface (DAI) modules in the EMS
workstation and Resistance Modules, connect the circuit shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1
b) Couple the synchronous motor and the dc generator with the timing belt.
c) Turn the dc generator field rheostat control knob full cw for minimum resistance.
d) Make sure the brushes are in their neutral position.
e) Place the resistance switches for no-load (all switches open).
Step 4: Turn on the power supply. Set the dynamometer speed at 1800 RPM.
Measure the open circuit armature voltage. EA = ____________Vdc
Step 5: Vary the field rheostat and notice if the armature voltage EA changes. Explain
Step 6: Adjust the field rheostat for a no-load current (IA = 0A) output voltage EA of 120Vdc.
Do not touch the field rheostat control for the remainder of the Laboratory Experiment!
Step 7: a) Adjust the load resistance to obtain each of the values listed in Table 1.
b) Measure and record EA and IA for each of the resistance values listed in the Table.
NOTE: Although the nominal output current rating of the generator is 1Adc, it may be loaded up to 1.5Adc
(50% overload) without harm.
c) Turn off the power supply.
d) Calculate and record the power for each of the resistances shown in Table 1.
Step 8: a) Change the connections to the series field only, so that the armature current flows through it in
the opposite direction.
b) Complete the drawing shown in Figure 2 showing your proposed circuit change.
c) Have your instructor check your circuit and youre drawing.

Figure 2
Step 9: a) Turn on the power supply
b) Adjust the field rheostat for an EA of 120 Vdc.
c) Do not touch the rheostat after this.
Step 10: a) Adjust the load resistance to obtain each of the values listed in Table 2.
b) Measure and record EA and IA for each of the resistance values listed in the Table.
c) Turn off the power supply.
d) Calculate and record the power for each of the resistances shown in Table 2.
Record the open circuit armature voltage. EA = _________________Vdc
Explain why varying the field rheostat the armature voltage EA changes.

IA EA
(Ohms) Power
(Amps) (Volts)
(Watts)

600
300
200
150
120
100
80
75

Table 1
IA EA
(Ohms) Power
(Amps) (Volts)
(Watts)

600

300

200

150

120

100

80

75

Table 2
REPORTS QUESTIONS:
1. Sketch the main components of a dc generator.
2. How do we adjust the voltage of a dc generator?
3. Explain the difference between separately excited, shunt, compound, differential compound and series
dc generator.
4. Explain why the output voltage of series generator increases but the shunt generators voltage is reduced
when increasing load.
5. Look in your textbook for the parallel dc generator conditions and write them in your report.
6. Plot the generator characteristics curves (armature voltage vs. armature current) of all the dc-generators
experimented in the same graph. Discuss the reasons for the shape of the curves.
EXPERIMENT-4 SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR OPERATION UNDER LOAD

REQUIRED EQUIPMENT:

Synchronous Motor/Generator Module EMS 8241

Electrodynamometer Module EMS 8960-10
Power Supply Module EMS 8821
Hand Tachometer EMS 8920
Connection Leads EMS 8941
Timing Belt EMS 8942
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Examine the construction of the Synchronous Motor/Generator Module EMS 8241, paying
particular attention to the motor, slip rings, rheostat, connection terminals and the wiring.
Step 2: Viewing the motor from the rear of the module:
a) Identify the two slip rings and brushes.
b) Note that the two rotor windings are brought out to the two slip rings via a slot in the rotor shaft.
c) Identify the dc damper windings on the rotor. (Although there are only two windings, they are connected
so that their magneto motive forces act in opposition, thus, creating four poles).
d) Identify the four salient poles just beneath the damper windings.
e) Identify the stator winding and note that it is identical to that of the three-phase squirrel cage and wound
rotor motors.
Step 3: Viewing the front face of the module:
a) The three separate stator windings are connected to terminals _____ and _______and ________.

The rotor winding is connected through the 150 rheostat (and a toggle switch S) to terminals
____________ and ______________.

STARTING CHARACTERISTICS
Step 4: Using your EMS Synchronous Machine, Power Supply and Data Acquisition Interface (DAI)
modules in the EMS workstation, connect the circuit shown in Figure 1. Note that the three-stator windings
are wye connected to the fixed 208V 3 output of the power supply, terminals 1, 2 and 3.
Step 5: a) Turn on the power supply. Note that the motor starts smoothly and continues to run as an ordinary
induction motor.
b) Note the direction of rotation.
 Figure 1

c) Turn off the power supply and interchange any two of the leads from the power supply.
d) Turn on the power supply and note the direction of rotation.
Rotation =_____________, I1 =_______________Aac
e) Turn off the power supply.
Step 6: Using your EMS Electrodynamometer and Synchronizing Switch Modules, connect the circuit
shown in Figure 2. Couple the motor to the electrodynamometer with the timing belt.
 Figure 2
Step 7: a) The synchronizing switch module will be used as an on-off switch for the 3 power to the stator
windings. Set the switch in its off position.
b) The electrodynamometer is connected to the fixed 120Vac outlet of the power supply using the 120/24
Vac adapters. Set the dynamometer control knob for approximately 40 percent excitation.
c) The rotor of the synchronous motor is connected to the fixed 120Vdc output of the power supply,
terminals 8 and N. Set the field rheostat for zero resistance (control knob turned fully cw).
d) If the synchronous motor has switch S, close it at this time.
Step 8: a) Turn on the power supply. Then apply 3 power by closing the synchronizing switch and observe
what happens. DO NOT LEAVE THE POWER ON FOR LONGER THAN 10S.
b) Describe what happened

Step 9: a) Connect the rotor of the synchronous motor to the variable 0-120Vdc outputs of the power
supply, terminals 7 and N. Do not disturb any of the other connections or change any control settings.
b) With the variable output voltage control at zero, turn on the power supply. Apply 3 power by closing
the synchronizing switch and observe what happens.
d) Carefully adjust the power supply output to 120Vdc as indicated on the power supply meter.
f) Return the voltage to zero and turn off the power supply.
Step 10: a) Connect the circuit shown in Figure 3. Note that the synchronous motor is wired in its normal
starting configuration (as a three-phase squirrel cage induction motor).
b) Set the dynamometer control knob at its full cw position (to provide a maximum starting load for the
synchronous motor).
c) If the synchronous motor has switch S, close it at this time.
Step 11: a) Turn on the power supply and quickly measure El, E2, I1 and the developed starting torque.
Turn off the power supply.
E1 = _________ Vac, E2 = _________ Vac, I1 = __________Aac
Starting torque = ______________.Lbf. in
b) Calculate the apparent power to the motor at starting torque.
Apparent power = __________ VA
c) Calculate the full load torque corresponding to hp at 1800 r/min.
Full load torque =__________________lbf.in
d) Calculate the ratio of starting torque to full load torque.
Ratio _________________
.
Step 12: With your circuit unchanged, turn on the power supply and slowly turn the dynamometer control
knob ccw to reduce the loading. The motor will come up to full speed and run as a squirrel cage induction
motor. Note the effect upon the induced voltage E2.
Step 13: a) Using your EMS Synchronous Machine, Power Supply and Data Acquisition Interface (DAI)
modules in the EMS workstation, connect the circuit shown in figure 4. Note that the stator windings are
connected, through the wattmeter, to the fixed 208V 3 output of the power supply, terminals 1, 2 and 3.
The rotor winding is connected, through the ammeter, to the variable 0-120Vdc output of the power supply,
terminals 7 and N. The voltage adjust control knob should beat zero.
b) If the motor is equipped with switch S, open it at this time.
c) Set the field rheostat for zero resistance (knob turned fully cw).
 Figure 3

Figure 4
Step 14: a) Turn on the power supply; the motor should be running. Note the value of ac current I1. The
motor is drawing positive reactive power from the power supply at zero dc excitation and looks like an
inductor.
b) If the motor is equipped with switch S, close it at this time.
c) Gradually increase the dc excitation until the ac current I1 is at its minimum value. Both wattmeters
should have equal positive indications, and, as far as the power supply is concerned, the motor looks like a
resistor.
d) Note I1, I2, W1, and W2.
I1 = ---------- Aac I2 = ---------- Adc ,
W1 = ----------W W2 = ----------W
e) Increase the dc excitation and note that the ac current I1 begins to increase again. The motor is drawing
negative reactive power from the power supply and looks like a capacitor.
Step 15: a) With the dc excitation at zero, measure and record E1, I1, W1 and W2 in Table 1.
b) Repeat for each of the dc current values listed in Table 1.
TAKE YOUR MEASUREMENTS AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE WHEN THE EXCITATION
EXCEEDS 0.6 Adc. Remember to note the polarity of the wattmeter indications.
c) Return the voltage to zero and turn off the power supply.
Step 16: Complete Table 1 by calculating the apparent power (remember to multiply by 1.73) real power
and power factor for each of the dc currents listed.
Step 17: a) From the results of Table 1, calculate the reactive power at zero dc rotor
Current = ____________ Var
Step 18: a) From the results of Table 1, calculate the reactive power at maximum
Dc rotor current. = _____________ var
TABLES:

DC E1 I1
POWER W2 POWER
(amps) (Volts) (Amps) W1 PF
(VA) (Watts)

0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
Table 1
REPORT QUESTIONS:
1. How does the synchronous motor must be started? Can it start as a synchronous motor? Find out the
different starting methods of a synchronous motor in your textbook and explain them briefly in your report.
2. What is a synchronous capacitor? How can the power factor of a synchronous motor be changed?
3. Plot the synchronous motor curve line current vs. field current. Divide the curve, according to the input
power factor, in three regions: lagging, unity power factor, and leading.
 EXPERIMENT-5 OPEN CIRCUIT, SHORT-CIRCUIT AND LOAD CHARACTERISTIC OF
THE THREE-PHASE SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR
REQUIRED EQUIPMENT:

Synchronous Motor/Generator Module

Dynamometer/Power Supply EMS 8221
Power Supply Module EMS 8821
Connection Leads EMS 8941
Timing Belt EMS 8942
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Using your EMS Synchronous Motor/Generator, Dynamometer, Power Supply and Data
Acquisition Interface (DAI) modules in the EMS workstation, connect the circuit shown in Figure 1. The
dynamometer will be used to drive the synchronous motor/generator as an alternator. Its speed will be
assumed constant during this Laboratory Experiment. The rotor of the alternator is connected to the variable
0-120Vdc outputs of the power supply, terminals 7, N.

Figure 1
Step 2: a) Couple the dynamometer to the alternator with the timing belt.
b) Set the alternator field rheostat at its full cw position (for zero resistance). Open Switch S.
c) Set the power supply voltage control at its full ccw position (for zero dc voltage).
Step 3: a) Turn on the power supply.
b) Set the speed of dynamometer to 1760 RPM
c) With zero dc excitation measure and record El, E2 and E3.
El = __________ Vac, E2 = _________ Vac, E3 = _________ Vac
d) Explain why there is an ac voltage generated in the absence of dc excitation.
Step 4: a) If the motor has switch S, close it at this time.
b) Gradually increase the dc excitation from zero to 0.1Adc.
c) Measure and record in Table 1 the three generated voltages E1, E2 and E3.
d) Repeat (b) for each of the dc currents listed in Table 1.
e) Return the voltage to zero and turn off the power supply.
Step 5: Calculate and record in Table 1 the average output voltage of the alternator for each of the listed dc
currents.
Step 6: a) Turn on the power supply and adjust the dc excitation until El = 208Vac.
Measure and record E2 and E3-E1= 208 Vac, E2= _________ Vac, E3= ________Vac.
b) Turn off the power supply without touching the voltage adjust control.
c) Reconnect the three-ac voltmeters so they will measure the voltages across each of the three-stator
windings.
d) Turn on the power supply. Measure and record the generated voltages across each of the wye connected
stator windings.
E 1 to 4 =_____________Vac E 2 to 5 =______________Vac
E 3 to 6 = _____________ Vac
e) Return the voltage to zero and turn off the power supply.
Question 1: Compare the results of (a) and (d). Do the results correspond to what you would expect to find
coming from a normal three-phase power supply?
Step 7: Using your EMS Synchronizing Switch, connect the circuit shown in Figure 2. The
dynamometer/prime mover will be connected as a prime mover Note that the switch is wired to present a
dead short across the alternator windings when it is closed.
Step 8: a) Set the synchronizing switch to its open position. Adjust the speed to 1800 RPM by adjusting the
variable dc input of the prime mover.
b) Turn the power supply and adjust the dc excitation until E=208 Vac. The motor should be running and
the three lamps on the synchronizing module should be illuminated.
c) Measure and record the dc exciting current I1.
I1 = _______________A dc
 Figure 2
d) Apply a short-circuit to your alternator by closing the synchronizing switch and note the behavior of the
ac current I2.
e) Return the voltage to zero and turn off the power supply

I1 E1 E2 E3 Eac
(Amps) (Volts) (Volts) (Volts) (Avg.)

0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
Table 1

A. Test under Load

Step 6: Connect the synchronous machine as shown in Figure 3 and be sure the synchronous switch is set
at position 1 around 1800 RPM before load test is performed.

Step 7: Connect the resistance load as shown in figure to produce unity power factor

Step 8: Set I2 (field current) to 0.5A by adjusting E2.

Step 9: Holding speed and I2 constant, turn on Load steps 1 through 9 on resistance load bank and record
V3, I3 in Table 3 - 1 Note: I3 (load current) should not exceed 1.5 A

Step 10: Turn OFF the load step 9 through 1 (resistance load).
Step 11: Set V3 to 90 volts (L-L) by adjusting E2

Step 12: Holding speed and V3 constant, record I3, I2 in Table 3.2 as the load 1 through 9 on the resistance
are turned ON. Note: I3 should not exceed 1.5A

Step 13: Turn OFF the load and disconnect it from circuit.

Step 14: Now connect the inductance load bank to the alternator to produce lagging power factor and repeat
steps #8 through #13.

Step 15: Connect the capacitor load bank to the alternator for producing leading power factor load and
repeat steps #8 through # 13.

Step 16: Turn OFF power supply and disconnect all leads.

Figure 3

TEST RESULTS:

Table 2.1: Unity power factor load with constant I2

Speed = RPM and I2 = 0.5A.

V2

V3
Table 2.2: Unity power factor load with constant V3

Speed = RPM and V3 = 90V.

I2

V3

Table 3.1: Lagging power factor load with constant I2

Speed = RPM and I2 = 0.5A.

V2

V3
Table 3.2: Lagging power factor load with constant V3

Speed = RPM and V3 = 90V.

I2

V3

Table 4.1: Leading power factor load with constant I2

Speed = RPM and I2 = 0.5A.

V2

V3

Table 4.2: Leading power factor load with constant V3

Speed = RPM and V3 = 90V.

I2

V3
REPORT QUESTIONS:

1. Plot the opencircuit and shortcircuit characteristics for the synchronous generator. Determine
the synchronous reactance of this machine for terminal voltages of 50, 75, 100 volts.

2. Plot the external characteristics for the synchronous generator at unity, leading and lagging factors
(plot on same axis).

3. Plot the compounding curves for the synchronous generator at unity, leading and lagging factors
(plot on the same axis).

4. What is the significance of these curves (in items 1, 2 and 3)?

5. When would you use the external characteristics?

6. When would you use the compounding curves?

EXPERIMENT-6 VOLTAGE REGULATION OF THE THREE-PHASE SYNC. GEN.

REQUIRED EQUIPMENT:

Synchronous Motor/Generator Module EMS 8241

Electrodynamometer EMS 8960-10
Resistance Module EMS 8311
Capacitance Module EMS 8331
Inductance Module EMS 8321
Power Supply Module EMS 8821
Hand Tachometer EMS 8920
Connection Leads EMS 8941
Timing Belt EMS 8942
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Using your EMS Synchronous Motor/Generator, Prime Mover/Dynamometer (PMD), Resistance,
Power Supply and Data Acquisition Interface (DAI) modules in the EMS workstation, connect the circuit
shown in Figure 1. Note that the balanced resistive load is wye connected to the three-phase output of the
alternator. The alternator rotor is connected to the fixed 120Vdc output of the power supply, terminals 8
and N. The prime mover dynamometer is connected to the variable 0-120Vdc outputs of the power supply,
terminals 7 and N.

Figure 1

Step 2. a) Couple the prime mover/dynamometer (PMD) to the alternator with the timing belt.
b) Toggle the PMD mode switch to prime mover.
c) Set the alternator field rheostat at its full ccw position (for maximum resistance).
d) Adjust each resistance section for a resistance of 300.
Step 3: a) Turn on the power supply and, using your PMD display, adjust the de motor rheostat for a motor
speed of 1800 r/min. Note: This speed must be kept constant for the remainder of this Laboratory
Experiment!
b) If the synchronous motor has switch S, close it at this time.
c) Adjust the dc excitation of the alternator until the output voltage E1 = 208Vac.
Measure and record the full load I1 and I2.
I1 = _______________ Aac, I2 = ________________ Adc
d) Open the three resistance load switches for no load on the alternator and measure and record the no load
El and I2. REMEMBER TO CHECK THE MOTOR SPEED AND READJUST TO 1800 R/MIN IF
REQUIRED.
El =______________ Vac I2 = _______________ Adc
e) Return the voltage to zero and turn off the power supply.
f) Calculate the alternator regulation with resistive loading.
%Regulation= ((NL volts - FL volts)/ FL volts) x 100% = ___________ %
Step 4: a) Using your EMS Inductance module, replace the resistive load with an inductive load.
b) Adjust each inductance section for a reactance XL of 300.
c) Repeat step 3 and record the full load values of I1, and I2.
I1 =______________ Aac, I2 =______________ Adc
d) Measure and record the no load values of El and I2.
E1 = ______________ Vac, I2 = _______________ Adc
e) Return the voltage to zero and turn off the power supply.
f) Calculate the alternator regulation with inductive loading. = ____________%

Step 5: a) Using your EMS Capacitance Module, replace the inductive load with a capacitive load.
b) Adjust each capacitance section for a reactance Xc of 300.
c) Repeat Step 3 and record the full- load value of I1 and I2.
I1 = _______________ Aac I2 = ___________________ Adc
d) Measure and record the no load values of El and I2.
E1 = _________________ Vac I2 = _______________ Adc
e) Return the voltage to zero and turn off the power supply.
f) Calculate the alternator regulation with capacitive loading =______________

Step 6: a) With a capacitive reactance load of 1200 per phase, turn on the power supply and adjust for a
motor speed of 1800 r/min.
b) Adjust the dc excitation of the alternator until the output voltage E1 = 208Vac.
c) Increase the capacitive loading by placing an additional reactance of 600 in parallel with each of the
1200 sections and observes what happens.
d) Increase the capacitive loading further by placing an additional reactance of 300 across each section
and observe what happens.
e) Return the voltage to zero and turn off the power supply.
f) Explain, the phenomenon you have just observed.
Step 7: a) Connect the circuit shown in Figure 2. Note that only one of the alternator phases has a load.
b) Turn on the power supply and adjust the dc motor rheostat for a motor speed of 1800 r/min.
c) Adjust the dc excitation of the alternator until the voltage across the 600 load El = 208 Vac.
d) Measure and record the two other phase voltages E2 and E3.
E2 = __________________ Vac, E3 = ______________ Vac

Figure 2

e) Turn off the power supply without touching any of the variable controls.
f) Reconnect the three-ac voltmeters so they will measure the voltages across each of the three-stator
windings.
g) Turn on the power supply. Measure and record the voltages across each of the alternator windings.
E 1 to 4 = ____________ Vac
E 2 to 5 = ____________ Vac E 3 to 6 = ____________ Vac
g) Return the voltage to zero and turn off the power supply.

REPORT QUESTIONS:

1) Explain voltage regulation in alternator based on experiment inference.

2) Explain alternator characteristics at three levels (under excitation, overexcitation and normal
excitation) of excitation.

3) What is load angle?

EXPERIMENT-7 WRIM CONNECTION AND EFFECT OF THE REVOLVING FIELD UPON
THE INDUCED VOLTAGE
REQUIRED EQUIPMENT:

Power Supply Module (208, 3-phase, 0-120dc) EMS 8821

Connection Lead Set EMS 8941
Wound Rotor Induction Motor Module EMS 8231
Electrodynamometer EMS 8911
Timing Belt EMS 8942
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Examine the construction (structure) of the wound-rotor induction motor module.
Step 2: Identify the three rotor slip rings and brushes.
Step 3: Identify the stator windings and rotor windings. Note the small spacing of air gap between the rotor
and the stator.
Step 4: Examine the front face of the module.
Now you will see the effect of the revolving field and rotor speed upon the rotor induced voltage.
Step 5: Connect the circuit shown in Figure 1 Couple the wound rotor to the dynamometer with a timing
belt. See appendix to see how the dynamometer works.
[ASK YOUR INSTRUCTOR FOR HELP IF YOU NEED IT].
Note: the prime mover is connected to the variable dc terminals of the power supply; the stator of
the wound rotor is connected to the fixed ac output of the power supply.
 Figure 1

Step 6: After you couple the wound rotor and the prime mover/ dynamometer, complete the first column in
table 1 (zero speed rotor).
Step 7: The speed at the prime mover is controlled by the variable dc source. Increase, the dc voltage until
you read 900 rpm, if, the value of V2 at 900 rpm is greater than at zero speed, turn off the power supply
and interchange any two of the three-stator leads.
Step 8: Complete table 1 at 900 RPM.
Step 9: Increase the speed to 1200 rpm, complete table 6.2.
Step 10: Repeat step 9, but at 1800 rpm.
Step 11: Calculate the following for each case in table 1, and complete Table 2 with these results.
a) Apparent power
b) Real power
c) Power factor
d) Reactive power.
 I1 (amps) I2 (amps) I3 (amps) E1 (volts) E2 (volts) W1 W2
Stator Rotor (watts) (watts)
0 rpm

900 rpm

1200 rpm

1800 rpm

Table 1

S3 P3 Pf Q3

0 rpm

900 rpm

1200 rpm

1800 rpm

Table 2

REPORT QUESTIONS:

1) What is the significance of WRIM?

2) Explain how speed effect power factor, real power, reactive power and apparent power.
3) What are the different methods to improve starting torque in WRIM?
EXPERIMENT-8 WRIM SPEED-TORQUE CHARACTERISTICS

REQUIRED EQUIPMENT:

Power Supply Module EMS 8821

Connection Lead Set EMS 8941
Wound-Rotor Induction Machine EMS-8231
Resistance Module EMS-8311
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Connect the circuit shown in Figure 1. Since the dynamometer and not the prime mover is needed,
use the 120/24 AC Adapter and connect the output to the dynamometers low power input.
Step 2: Couple the dynamometer to the motor with the timing belt and set the dynamometer control knob
at its full cw position (to provide a maximum starting load for the motor).

Figure 1
Step 3: Turn on the power supply and adjust the voltage from line to neutral of 100 Vac at the stator
windings. Connect Van and measure 100V.
Step 4: Measure the three rotor currents and the developed torque. Record this data at table 1.
Step 5: Gradually, reduce the load on the motor by slowly adjusting the dynamometer control knob. As the
load is reduced the motor speed will increase.
Step 6: Measure and record in table 1 the rotor currents at a torque of 1 lbf.in.
Step 7 Return the stator voltage to zero and turn off the power supply.
Step 8: Connect the circuit shown in Figure 2.
Note that the fixed 3-phase output of the power supply, terminals 1, 2, and 3 are now being used.

Figure 2
Step 9: Set the dynamometer control knob at its full cw position (to provide a maximum starting load for
the motor).
Step 10: Turn on the power supply and quickly measure E1, I1, I2 and the developed starting torque.
Step 11: Turn off the power supply.
Step 12: Fill the table 2 with your measures and calculate the apparent power to the motor at starting torque.
Step 13: Now you will experiment with the wound rotor with external resistances connected to it. See how
the speed control rheostat module works in the appendix
Step 14: Connect the circuit shown if Figure 3. Do not couple the motor to the electrodynamometer at this
time!
Step 15: Set the speed control rheostat knob at its full ccw position for zero resistance. Turn on the power
supply and adjust the line-to-line voltage in the power supply to 208 Vac. The motor should be running.
Step 16: Measure and record in Table 3, the three line currents, the two-wattmeter indications (remember,
to observe the polarities) and the motor speed using the hand tachometer.
Step 17: Return the voltage to zero and turn off the power supply.
Step 18: Couple the motor to the electrodynamometer with the timing belt.
Step 19: Set the dynamometer control knob at its full ccw position, and repeat the step 16 to for each of the
torques listed in Table 3 maintaining the input voltage at 208 Vac.
Step 20: Turn the voltage to zero and turn off the power supply.
Step 21: Set the speed control rheostat knob at its full cw position for maximum resistance. Uncouple the
motor form the electrodynamometer.
Step 22: Turn on the power supply and adjust the line-to-line voltage to 208 Vac. The motor should be
running.
Step 23 Measure and record in table 4, the three line currents, the two-wattmeter indications and the motor
speed using the hand tachometer.
Step 24 Return the voltage to zero and turn off the power supply.
Step 25: Couple the motor to the electrodynamometer with the timing belt. Set the dynamometer control
knob at its full ccw position.
Step 26: Repeat steps 23 to 24 for each torques listed in table 4, maintaining the input voltage at 208 Vac.
Step 27: Return the voltage to zero and turn off the power supply.
Step 28: Connect the circuit shown in Figure 4. Set the dynamometer control knob at its full cw position
(to provide a maximum starting load for the motor).
Step 29: Set the speed control rheostat knob at its full cw position (to provide maximum resistance).

Figure 3
 Figure 4
Step 30: Turn on the power supply and quickly measure the line to neutral voltage at the power supply, the
line current, the current at the rotor, and the developed starting torque.
Step 31 Turn off the power supply.
Step 32: Calculate the apparent power to the motor at starting torque and complete the Table 5.
TABLES:

TORQUE I1 I2 I3

Full load

1 lbf.in

Table 1

TORQUE I1 I2 E1 S (VA)

Table 2
Torque I1 I2 I3 W1 W2
Speed
Lbf.in Amps Amps Amps Watts Watts
r/min
0

12

Table 3

Torque I1 I2 I3 W1 W2
Speed
Lbf.in Amps Amps Amps Watts Watts
r/min

12

Table 4
 I1 I2 V TORQUE

Table 5

REPORT QUESTIONS:

1) Calculate slip S from Table 4 and plot Slip vs Torque (Note: take torque on Y axis)

2) What happens if slip goes negative?

3) Why Induction machine is not preferred to power generation?

EXPERIMENT-9: THE CAPACITOR START MOTOR

REQUIRED EQUIPMENT:

Split-Phase/Capacitor Start Motor Module EMS 8251

Power Supply Module EMS 8821
Electrodynamometer Module EMS 8911
Single-Phase Wattmeter Module EMS 8431
Hand Tachometer EMS 8920
Connection Leads EMS 8941
Timing Belt EMS 8942
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Connect the circuit shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1
Step 2: Close the power supply switch and measure the current through the auxiliary winding as quickly as
possible within 3 seconds.
Iauxiliary winding = _____________ Aac
Step 3:
a) Connect both main and auxiliary windings in parallel as shown in Figure 2.
b) Couple the electrodynamometer to the capacitor-start motor with the timing belt.
c) Connect the low input terminals of the electrodynamometer to the 120Vac outlet of the power
supply using the 120Vac/24Vac.
d) Set the dynamometer control knob at its full cw position to provide a maximum starting load for
the capacitor-start motor.
e) Close the power supply switch and measure the starting current as quickly as possible within 3
seconds.
 Istarting = __________ Aac

Figure 2
Step 6: Using your Data Acquisition Interface (DAI) modules in the EMS workstation, and
Electrodynamometer, connect the circuit shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3
Note that the module is wired as a standard capacitor start motor.
Step 7: Set the dynamometer control knob at its full ccw position to provide minimum starting torque for
the capacitor start motor.
Step 8:
a) Turn on the power supply and adjust for 120Vac.
b) Measure and record in table 1, the line current, the power and motor speed.
c) Repeat (b) for each of the torques listed in the table 1.
 d) Return the voltage to zero and turn off the power supply.
Step 8:
a) Calculate and record in the Table 1, the apparent power delivered to the motor for each of the listed
torques.
b) Calculate and record in the Table 1, the developed horsepower for each of the listed torques.
Step 9: You will now determine the maximum starting torque developed by the capacitor start motor.
a) Disconnect the wattmeter and metering modules from your circuit.
b) Connect the input of your capacitor start motor to terminals 2 and N of the power supply (fixed
120Vac).
c) Set the dynamometer control knob to its full cw position (for maximum loading).
d) Close the power supply switch and quickly measure the developed torque on the dynamometer
scale. Open the power supply switch.
Starting Torque = _____________ lbf in

TORQUE
I P
(LBF * IN) SPEED
(Amps) VA (WATTS) HP
(r/min)

12

Table 1

REPORT QUESTIONS:

1) Explain a single-phase induction motor an additional starting device is not a self-starting.

2) What is the function of the centrifugal

3) Using the data obtained, plot:

a- The torquespeed characteristic.
b. The torquemotor current curves for the SPLITPHASE and VALUE CAPACITOR motors.
Compare the curves and comment.

4) What is the function of the auxiliary (starting Explain using a phasor diagram and in terms of the
flux linkage.
EXPERIMENT-10: THREE-PHASE TRANSFORMER BANK

REQUIRED EQUIPMENT:

Power Supply Module EMS 8821

Connection Lead Set EMS 8941
Three-Phase Transformer Module EMS 8348
Resistance Module EMS 8311

PROCEDURE:

The Wye-Wye Three-Phase Transformer Bank:

Step 1: Connect the circuit shown in Figure 1. Neutral connection will not be used. Use the fixed
output of the power supply as your power source. The single-phase transformer ratio to be used is
1:1.
Step 2: Find out both phase and line currents at primary's and secondary's windings.
Step 3: Connect the AC voltmeters according to the measurements you need to make.
Step 4: Turn on the power supply and complete the columns marked as Y-Y in the
Table 1.
Step 5: Turn off the power supply.

Figure 1
 The Wye-Delta Three-Phase Transformer Bank:

Step 6: Connect the circuit shown in Figure 2. Neutral connection will not be used. Use the fixed
output of the power supply as your power source. The single-phase transformer ratio to be used is
1: 3. The 120v winding is the primary and the 208v winding is the secondary.

Caution: The delta should never be closed until a test is first made to
determine that the voltage within the delta is zero. If not, and the
delta is closed on itself, the resulting current will be of short-circuit
magnitude, with resulting damage to the transformers.

Step 7: Substitute the AC ammeters by the marked leads (one at a time).

Step 8: Connect the AC voltmeters according to the measurements you need to make.
Step 9: Turn on the power supply and complete the columns marked as Y- in the Table 1.
Step 5: Turn off the power supply.

Figure 2

The Delta-Wye Three-Phase Transformer Bank:

Step 10: Connect the circuit shown in Figure 3. Neutral connection will not be used. Use the
variable output of the power supply as your power source. The single-phase transformer ratio to
be used is 3:1. Adjust the power supply line-to-line voltage to 120 V. R=771.4 and L=300
 Figure 3

Step 11: Measure the secondary winding's line and phase currents. Also, measure the primary
winding's line and phase currents.

Step 12: Connect the AC voltmeters according to the measurements you need to make.

Step 13: Turn on the power supply and complete the columns marked as -Y in the Table 5.1.
Step 14: Turn off the power supply.

The Delta-Delta Three-Phase Transformer Bank:

Step 15: Connect the circuit shown in Figure 4. Neutral connection will not be used. Use the fixed
output of the power supply as your power source. The single-phase transformer ratio to be used is
3:1.
Caution: The delta should never be closed until a test is first made to
determine that the voltage within the delta is zero. If not, and the
delta is closed on itself, the resulting current will be of short-circuit
magnitude, with resulting damage to the transformers.

Step 16: Substitute the AC ammeters by the marked leads (one at a time).
Step 17: Connect the AC voltmeters according to the measurements you need to make.
Step 18: Turn on the power supply and complete the columns marked as - in the Table 5.1.
Step 19: Turn off the power supply.
 Figure 4

The Open Delta Three-Phase Transformer Bank:

Step 20: Remove one of the transformers from the previous configuration conserving
the same load. Neutral connection will not be used. Use the fixed output of
the power supply as your power source. The single-phase transformer ratio to
be used is 3:1.

Step 21: Substitute the AC ammeters by the marked leads (one at a time).

Step 22: Connect the AC voltmeters according to the measurements you need to make.

Step 23: Turn on the power supply and complete the columns marked as open in the Table 1.

Step 24: Turn off the power supply.

 Y-Y Y- -Y - OPEN
SINGLE TRANSFORMER
VL-L
RATIO
TRANSFORMER BANK
VL-L RATIO
W1

W2

PF
SECONDARY WINDING'S
VL-L
SECONDARY WINDING'S
V
SECONDARY WINDING'S
IL
SECONDARY WINDINGS
I
PRIMARY WINDING'S VL-L

PRIMARY WINDING'S V

PRIMARY WINDING'S IL

REPORT QUESTIONS:

1) Compare the differences and similarities of all different three-phase transformer

connections. You can consult any reference you have.

2) Determine the VL-L/Vl-l ratio (primary-secondary line to line voltage ratio) for each three-
phase transformer connection in terms of (single-phase transformer ratio). Determine
the ratio of line currents too for each one. Use some lab data to support your expressions.

3) Find out about harmonics and the effect of them in the power systems. Explain why is so
important to eliminate the third harmonic and why three-phase delta connected
transformers eliminate the 3rd harmonic.