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What Is Thermal Analysis?

Thermal analysis refers to techniques that measure a physical property of a substance as a function of temperature during a controlled temperature program. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) specifically measures changes in a sample's mass, and can be used to study thermal stability, characterize materials, and perform compositional analysis. TGA instrumentation includes a thermobalance, furnace, temperature programmer, sample holder, and enclosure to control the atmosphere. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) measures the temperature difference between a sample and reference material during a temperature program, and can be used to construct phase diagrams and study phase transitions.

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12 views

What Is Thermal Analysis?

Thermal analysis refers to techniques that measure a physical property of a substance as a function of temperature during a controlled temperature program. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) specifically measures changes in a sample's mass, and can be used to study thermal stability, characterize materials, and perform compositional analysis. TGA instrumentation includes a thermobalance, furnace, temperature programmer, sample holder, and enclosure to control the atmosphere. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) measures the temperature difference between a sample and reference material during a temperature program, and can be used to construct phase diagrams and study phase transitions.

Uploaded by

Mahmoud Mahmoudm
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Thermal Analysis

What is thermal analysis?

A group of techniques in which a physical property of a substance"


and/or its reaction products is measured as a function of temperature
whilst the substance is subjected to a controlled temperature program

1-Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) or


Thermogravimetry

Principle

1- Changes in the mass of a sample are studied while the sample is

subjected to aprogramme.

2-The temperature programme is most often a linear increase in

temperature, but,also be carried out, when the changes in sample mass

with time are followed.

3-TGA is inherently quantitative.

Instrumentation

1-Thermobalance/microbalance

2- Furnace

3- Temperature programmer

4-Sample holder/pan

5- An enclosure for establishing the required atmosphere

6-Microcomputer/microprocessor
Data Analysis

Thermogram is graph of mass versus temperature. Sometimes given as %

of original mass.
Applications of TGA
1- Thermal Stability: related materials can be compared at elevated

temperatures under the required atmosphere. The TG curve can help to

elucidate decomposition mechanisms.

2-Material characterization: TG and DTG curves can be used to

"fingerprint" materials for identification or quality control.

3-Compositional analysis:
2-Derivative thermogram (DTG)

plots change in mass with temperature, dm/dt, and resolves changes more

clearly.

Factors affecting TG Analysis

1-heating rate and sample size


2-particle size and packing of the sample

3-crucible shape

4-Gaseous atmosphere

3-Differential Thermal Analysis

What is Differential Thermal Analysis?

Difference in temperature, DT, between a sample and a reference material

is measured when they are subjected to a controlled temperature program

(usually T increases linearly with time).

Applications of DTA

1. To construct phase diagrams and study phase transitions.

2. To find H

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