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Power Generation and Didstribution: Molefhi B. O. C. (MR)

This document provides an overview of power generation and distribution. It discusses topics like transmission lines, different types of power plants, power control, distribution equipment, and supply irregularities. It also includes examples of load curves and load duration curves which are used to understand power demand over time and assist with capacity planning.

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155 views

Power Generation and Didstribution: Molefhi B. O. C. (MR)

This document provides an overview of power generation and distribution. It discusses topics like transmission lines, different types of power plants, power control, distribution equipment, and supply irregularities. It also includes examples of load curves and load duration curves which are used to understand power demand over time and assist with capacity planning.

Uploaded by

foster
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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POWER GENERATION AND

DIDSTRIBUTION

CODE: EEB 413

Molefhi B. O. C. [Mr]
Delivery & Assessments
Weekly Lectures [Molefhi] Seven (7) Encounters
Weekly Tutorials [Assistants & Molefhi]
Smaller Groups Laboratory Work [Assistants]
Consultations [Molefhi & Assistants]
Tests x 2
Lab Work x 2
Assignments x 2
Final Exam - [Structured Questions]
Final Assessment
EEB 413 POWER GENERATION AND DISTRIBUTION
COURSE CONTENT

Transmission Lines: T, - equivalent circuits, voltage regulation, power-


angle characteristics. Power generation: Conventional Types: Identification
of location, operation, feed water cycle, fuel and ash handling, cooling water
cycle. Reactor: Operation. Renewable Energy.

Power control: characteristics, control of generation, power interchange.


Distributors: D.C. and three-wire distributors fed at one end, distributor fed
at both ends, uniformly loaded distributor, ring distributor, A.C. distribution,
division of load between lines in parallel, substation layout.

Distribution equipment: switchgear, fuses, transformers, D.C. equipment.


Supply irregularities: interruptions, voltage dips of short durations, voltage
irregularities (e.g. flicker), frequency variations and solutions to voltage
irregularities. Standby supplies.
Introduction A Power System
o Electrical power is generated at voltages of 3.3kV at power stations
o Various power stations exist [thermal, hydro, Nuclear, Geothermal,
and other Renewable Plants]
o Electrical power is conveyed to load centres via overhead or
underground transmission lines
o Substations are strategically placed to smoothen transfer, change
over, interconnection and regulation of supply
o The combination of elements such as Power Generation Plants,
Transmission Lines, Substations, Feeders and Distributors facilitating
continuous generation, conveyance and supply to end-users is called
a POWER SYSTEM
o A power system network consisting of several power generation units
of various voltage levels, transmission lines, substations at various
voltages is called a GRID
Layout of a Power System

66kV, 110kV, 132kV, 229kV, 330kV, 400kV


Primary Distribution,
Busbars Sub-station Sub-station 3.3kV, 6.6kV, 11kV
Transformer Transformer
Transmission Line Loads,
Consumer
connections
Distribution Transformer
Ste-up Transformer Ste-down Transformer
Loads
3.3kV, 6.6kV, 11kV and 33kV
Distribution Sub-station
Secondary distribution:
3,3kV, 400V, 220-240V
LOAD CURVE or LOAD DURATION CURVE
A load curve or load profile or a demand curve is a
chart/graph illustrating the variation in demand for
electrical power over a specific time.
Electrical Power drawn by the end users varies
between low and high demand extremes
depending:
the types of loads (domestic, commercial,
industrial, agricultural, process, institutional)
Season (summer, autumn, winter, spring)
Time (night, day, early evening, late evening)
Demand Curve (Daily Load Curve)
Winter Peak Demand
Summer Peak Demand

Summer Profile Winter Profile

Demand (kW,
MW, GW)

Time (hrs, Days, Months)


Load Curves Cont
Power demand blocks necessitate three types of generating
systems to meet demand:
1. The Base Power Plant a plant that can deliver power
throughout the year [coal fired plant, nuclear power
plant]
2. The Intermediate Power Plant a plant that can respond
relatively quick to changes in demand of lengthy
durations. [e.g. Conventional hydropower plant, diversion
of run off river]
3. The Peak Power Plant a plant that can respond quickly
to changes in demand, short switching time and can
supply power for short intervals at reasonable costs [e.g.
gas turbine, diesel genset, pump storage system]
Seasonal Load Curve
Peak demand (peak load) occurs less
Peak demand at same times than 2% of the generation time

The difference between the two extremes forms the intermediate loads. These do not
need demand for more than 50% of the time.

Annual demand never less than 6MW (base load)

Minimum demand
Load Duration Curve
A load duration curve is a chart/graph illustrating the
duration of a type of load or the duration of consumption
It must be noted that:
1. the LDC is an arrangement of all load levels in a
descending order of magnitude.
2. the area under the LDC represents the energy
demanded by the system (consumed).
3. can be used in economic dispatching, system planning
and reliability evaluation.
4. it illustrates the relationship between generating
capacity requirements and capacity utilization
Load Duration Curve
LD or LDC INFORMATION
Consumption or demand patterns
Units generated or consumed
Average load
Load factor
Selection of supply systems (generating unts)
Tariff determination
Future expansion planning
Example - 1
Princess Marina Load Data Determine the base load
Time Average Load [MW] Time Average Load [MW] Average load
1 13
33 32
Maximum demand
2 29 14 28

3 26 15 25 The load factor


4 31 16 30
Average annual units
5 32 17 31

6 34 18 33
generated
7 37 19 36 Peak load
8 20
Plot a load duration curve
33 32

9 33 21 32

10 34 22 33

11 35 23 34

12 31 24 30

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