CONJUNCTIONS WORKSHEET

EXERCISE 1: Combine the following sentences using the correlative conjunctions.Use both ... and.
1. The country has been suffering from political unrest. The country has beensuffering from an economic crisis, too.

2. Body sprays are effective against mosquitoes. Electrical devices are effective against mosquitoes as well.

3. Leonardo da Vinci lived during the Italian Renaissance, a period known for its creative activity. Michelangelo lived during
the Italian Renaissance, too.

4. The building we choose for our cafe must be close to the shopping area. It must also be reasonably priced.

Use not only... but also.

5. Cutting down large areas of tropical rain forest destroys the habitat of wild animals.It also destroys the homeland of native
Indian tribes.
6. Honey is delicious on its own. It is also delicious when added to puddings

7. The protection of the environment is essential for people today. The protection of the environment is also essential for future
generations.

8. She inherited a vast fortune upon her father's death. She also became the sole authority to run her father's companies upon
his death.
Use neither... nor.
9. She wasn't efficient enough to take charge of the office. She wasn't keen enough to take charge of the office either.
10. The solution didn't satisfy the management. The solution didn't satisfy the union.

11. The actors weren't good enough to hold the audience's attention. The play itself wasn't good enough to hold the audience's
attention either.
12. This football player doesn't panic under pressure; nor does he argue with the referee.

Use either... or.

13. The manager must employ a new assistant, or he must train one of the existing staff for the position.

14. I will lend you my car for the day, or I will drive you to the conference myself.

15. I'll meet you at the airport myself, or I'll send someone, if I can't make it.

16. I might have left my umbrella at work, or I might have left it on the bus.

EXERCISE 2 Choose the correct one in parentheses.

1. Not only the young but also the old (was/were) interested in the fashion show.
2. Both developed and developing countries (have/has) some common problems.
3. Either one of the members or the chairman (is/are) going to declare the items of the agenda.
4. Both skill and patience (is/are) needed for good teaching.
5. Not only smoking but also drinking alcohol (is/are) claimed to cause cancer.
6. Either the ignorance or the carelessness of parents (causes/cause) a good many household accidents to children.
7. Neither diseases nor natural disasters (does/do) as much harm to man as man does to himself.
8. Not only his parents but also his brother (is/are) sure of his success.
9. Not only his brother but also his parents (is/are) sure that he will succeed.
10. Not only his sister but also his brother (knows/know) that he is capable of doing better work.
11. Neither the passengers nor the driver (was/were) injured in the accident.
12. Neither the driver nor the passengers really (knows/know] how the accident happened.
13. Not only the painting but also the sketches (was/were) bought by an unknown dealer at the auction.
14. Either you or someone else from the department (is/are) going to have to attend the meeting to represent the company.
15. Both great courage and patience (has/have) helped Michael achieve his aims so farin life.
EXERCISE 3*. Complete the sentences with the correct verb form. Pay attention to whether the verb Is active or passive.
1. They got down to business as soon as they (introduce)................................ to each other.
2. When I (meet) .............................. him about three months ago, he (not, yet, get)............................. his degree.
3. By the time school (be)............................... over next June, I (save) ................................up enough money to buy a bike.
4. Last year, I (save) .............................. up enough money to buy a bike by the timeschool (be) ........................... over in June.
5. Hardly (the race, start)............................... when one of the cars (crash)............................. into the barriers.
6. As he (lock) .............................. the door, he suddenly realized that he (leave)............................. his wallet inside.
7. No sooner (they, buy) .................................... a house in the country than oldMr. Johnson (die) .....................................
8. While I (look) .................... through the drawers, I (find) ......................... aletter which I (put) ...................... there years
before
9. Scarcely (she, finish) ................. preparing the meal when her friends(telephone) ............... to say they (not, be able
to) ................... come.
10. By the time the conference (reach) ................................its conclusion next week, overfifty topics (discuss) ..........................
11. A: Now that you (obtain) ............................... your law degree, I expect you (start)............................ your own firm soon?
B: Well, actually not. I (plan) ............................... to take a master's degree and stay at the university for a few more years
before I (set up) ................................ my ownbusiness.
12. How can you remember so clearly the first time you (take).................................. to a fun fair by your uncle when you
(be) ................................... only four, even though it(happen)............................... more than thirty years ago?
13. No sooner (she, join) .............................. the company than it (buy)............................. by a larger company.
14. Just as I (get)............................... on the bus, a friend of mine (get)............................. off, so we (hardly,
have).................................time to say hello to each other.
15. The manager of the company has informed me that they (not. confirm)................. their offer of employment until I
(undergo) ...................... the compulsory medical examination, so I'm not a hundred percent sure whether
I(employ) ...................... or not.
EXERCISE 4: Using the given words, combine the j) (owing to the fact that)
following Ideas. 1. 2. He drove too fast. He had an accident.
There were strong currents In the river. I decided not to a) (so ... that) .......
swim. b) (result in) .........
a) (since) ......... c) (result from) ......
b) (therefore) ... d) (as a result ofl..
c) (so...that) .... e) (therefore) ........
d) (such...that) f) (on account oft..
e) (for) .............. g) (the reason for).
f) (due to) ......................... h) (because) .........
g) (so) ................................... (as) ......................
h) (as a consequence of\.. j) (be a result o/J...
1) [consequently] ..............

EXERCISE 5: Choose the correct completion.

1. (Because/Because of\ his many hours of practice every day, he is now quite good at skiing.
2. (Because/Because of) he practised regularly every day, he became quite good at skiing.
3. She started to play the piano at a very early age, (so/for) she is an accomplished pianist now.
4. (Due to/Due to the fact that) the huge crowd waiting to see the President, the police took very strict security measures in the
square.
5. (Owing to/Owing to the fact that) a huge crowd was waiting to see the President,the policemen were all on alert.
6. All her attempts to convince her father to let her go on holiday alone (resultedin/resulted from) failure.
7. The country suffered a serious economic crisis a few months ago; (therefore /for)there has been considerable unemployment
ever since.
8. Unemployment is getting bigger, (therefore/because) the economic crisis thatstarted a few months ago is still going on.
9. Many creative thinkers and scientists throughout history were put on trial(because/because ofl their ideas, (therefore /for)
they were courageous enough to express them in public.
10. (For/As) the weather has been favourable since the beginning of the season, the villagers are expecting good crops.
11. She rejected the job, not (because/for) the pay was low, but (because/since) the working hours were very long.
12. The company is now on the verge of going bankrupt (as a consequence of/consequently) having tried to expand too quickly.
13. All the residents of our street rushed to their windows or balconies last night to seewhat was happening, (as a result/for)
there was a tremendous noise just in the middle of the night.
14. According to the statistics, a great percentage of traffic accidents (result in/result from) speeding.
15. Life is now much more complicated compared with the past; (thus/owing to) people have to learn a good many things to
keep pace with it.
EXERCISE 7: Rewrite the sentences with the same meaning, using the word(s) inparentheses.
1. Although this material is cheap, I won't buy it because it doesn't look good enough.
(despite)
2. She failed to give up smoking though she attempted repeatedly, (in spite of)
3. In spite of some bad qualities she has, she is quite popular with her friends.(even though)
4. Despite my offer to help him, he insisted on doing the job on his own. (although)
5. Although the road was rough, he kept on driving fast, (despite)
6. Though he performed unsuccessfully, the audience applauded him eagerly,(in spite ofl
7. I believe television has many beneficial advantages despite the claims that itdiminishes creativity, (though)

8. Although she has been warned twice before, she still keeps coining to work late.
(in spite ofi
9. The villagers are expecting good crops this year despite the unfavourable weather conditions continuing for some time,
(although)
10. Although the library has an enormous number of books, Keith couldn't find the book he needed,
(despite)
EXERCISE 8: Choose the correct completion.
1. (Despite/Although) the drought and famine that Africans have been suffering from for years, their population is still
increasing.
2. In my opinion, she was the most attractive of all the contestants. (Despite/Although) this, she wasn't chosen Miss World.
3. (Although/In spite of\ her mother's attitude was a bit discouraging, she decided to take the job anyway.
4. A good many people just continue smoking, (though/despite) it's known to cause cancer.
5. (Even though/In spite ofi the fact that technology adva^0^ considerably rapidly in Turkey, traditions seem to change very
slowly.
6. (In spite of/Though) its many disadvantages, such as noise, pollution and housing problems, many people are coining to
Istanbul in the hope of better living conditions.
7. Most of the students didn't understand the subject very well (despite/even though) the teacher's clear explanations.
8. (Despite/Although) the teacher explained it quite clearly, only a few of the students understood the subject well.
9. (In spite of/Even though) the many good suggestions his friends had given him about how to improve his job, he stuck to his
own guns and failed miserably.
10. (Despite/Although) the fact that his friends had given him several good suggestions,he took no notice of them and followed
his heart.
11. I think the accident was entirely his fault; I do feel sorry for him, (though, despite)
12. (Despite/Although) his real name was Aleksei Maksimovich Peshkov, the extreme poverty and arduous labour of his early
life led the Russian writer to choose the name Gorki, meaning "bitter", as his professional name.
13. (Even though/Despite) the long journey to the nearest beach, Daniel goes waterskiing every weekend.
14. (Even though/In spite ofi there was a stiff breeze blowing across the beach, sitting outside was still pleasurable.
15. Less money was raised at this year's school fund-raiser than at last year's; I don't think we did badly considering the awful
weather, (though/although).
EXERCISE 9: Write sentences with the same meaning using the word(s) In parentheses.
1. However famous the actor is, the film's plot was rather poor, (no matter)

2. She is a very difficult person to please: regardless of what you buy for her, she
never shows any sign of appreciation, (whatever)
3. No matter how many hours we work, we never seem to get everything done.
(however]
4. However fast we run, we won't be able to catch the train, (no matter)
5. Although the case was very important, no one dealt with it seriously enough, (no
matter)
6. It is still cheaper to go by coach no matter how much discount the airlines may be
offering, (however)
7 . 1 won't change my mind, no matter who tries to persuade me. (whoever)
8. No matter which subject you choose to study at university, you'll have to work
hard, (whichever)
9. The sofa will seem ugly in this room wherever you place it. (regardless of)
10. Regardless of when I call on my father, he is always busy in the garden, (whenever)

EXERCISE 10: Rewrite the sentences with the same meaning, using the word(s) In parentheses.
1. In spite of his being punished several times before, he keeps doing the same naughty thing again and again, (nevertheless)
2. Despite rehearsing for weeks, they were all extremely nervous on the opening night,
(nonetheless)
3.She has a responsible job with a high salary; even so, she feels discontented,
(inspite ot\
4. He is intelligent and has a. good sense of humour; all the same, he has very little
self-confidence, (despite)
5. He has a speech impediment; even so, he sings beautifully, (even though)

EXERCISE 11: Combine the Ideas In the two sentences, f) (yet...stilD .........................................................
using the given words. Pay attention to correct punctuation. g) (even so) .....................................
1. They cultivated the land very well. They couldn't get 2. He is talented. He has never become a success.
good crops. a) (as) ...................
a) (though).................................... b) (much as) ......
b) (despite) ............................................... c) (although) .....
c) (but... anyway) ........................................................... d) (nevertheless)
d) (howevei) ............................................... e) (in spite oft ....
e) (in spite of the fact that) ............................................. f) (but..still} .....
g) (all the same)

EXERCISE 13: Rewrite the sentences with the same meaning, using the word(s) In parentheses.
1. Whereas some people live in extravagant affluence in some parts of the world, in other parts, some starve to death,
(however)
2. The accommodation at the hotel was awful, whereas the service was superb,(on the other hand)

3. Some people have an optimistic view of life, while others are rather pessimistic.
(however)
4. Whereas sea fishing requires a boat, which is expensive even to rent, fishing from the riverbank costs very little, (on the
other hand)
5. Scuba diving requires some very expensive equipment, but snorkeling, which is just as enjoyable, requires only a snorkel
and some flippers, (on the other hand]
EXERCISE 14: Complete the sentences with "on the other hand" or "on the contrary".
1. Many people argue that television does harm to the child's intellectual development................................. I believe it makes
the child aware of a vast amount ofknowledge which he can't be taught through books or any other method.
2. Living in the centre of town would be extremely expensive ..................................... it would provide easy access to my
workplace as well as to leisure facilities.
3. I don't agree with her parents when they say she is slow ................................... ,1 findher quick-witted and capable of picking
up even the most complex ideas.
4. Many people consider that author to be exceptionally talented. I,................................ think he writes without perception or
depth and shows no skill
in crafting his plots.
5. Cars cause a great deal of damage to the environment ..................................... they bring freedom to many people whose
lives would be quite restricted without them.
6. The new factory will cause some pollution and look unsightly ....................................it will provide over one hundred jobs.
EXERCISE 16: Change the adverbial clauses to modifying phrases.
1. Because I haven't read the report myself, I am unable to comment on it.
2. When you are loading these boxes, make sure that they remain in an upright
position.
3. If this disease is detected early enough, it can easily be cured.
4. Before she sealed the envelope, she checked the contents of the letter once more.
5. She fell asleep while she was listening to the lecture.
6. When he opened his wallet, he realized he didn't have enough money to pay the bill.

7. You should write your name at the top of the page before you answer any of the questions.

8. Because he had driven through a red light, he wasn't at all surprised when the police stopped him.

9. As there were no seats left on the flight, we were obliged to travel by train.
10. Since he started his own business two years ago, he has been doing remarkably well.
11. Although stamp collecting isn't so popular as it used to be, it is still a favourite hobby of many youngsters.

12. Because the children had never seen an elephant before, they were really excited when they saw one at the zoo.
13. As they are amphibians, frogs can live both in water and on land.
14. If this flood is not brought under control, it could destroy the homes of thousands of people.

15. When you receive a new credit card, you should always check the expiry date.

16. As there was heavy congestion at that time of day, we decided to walk rather than drive.

17. Unless they are supported after treatment, alcoholics often suffer relapses.

18. Until wearing a seatbelt was made compulsory by law, it had often been ignored by drivers.
19. When he was asked who the job had been given to, the manager refused to
comment.
20. Although my sister's job is much less stressful than mine, it provides her with a higher salary.