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Principles of Data Visualization

Animated Data Visualization

 Exploratory Data Visualization
! It is an analytical technique
! Purpose is to communicate and/or leverage human capabilities
! Data is the bridge
! Visualizations are representations of phenomena
! Objective is effective communication of insights

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Tukeys Boxplots

Tukeys(Boxplots(
Good(Ques2on,(A6tude,(Flexibility,(Reliance(on(Display((

3
 Financial Exploratory Visualization

Candles2ck(Charts(
Trend,(4(metric(markings(

Steve Nison, Beyond Candlesticks 4

 Edward Tuftes Sparklines

Word((+((Number((+((Context(of(the(Measurement(

Edward Tufte, Beautiful Evidence 5

 Sparkline for Baseball

Edward Tufte, Beautiful Evidence 6

 Time Series Mareys Trains

Mike Bostock, E.J. Marey 7

 Exploratory Visualization Process

Card,(Mackinlay,(and(Shneiderman(
(
Data(Transforma2on((table(of(cases(
(
Visual(Mappings((convert(case(values(into(structures(
(
View(Transforma2ons((convert(structures(into(graphics(

Card, Mackinlay, and Shneiderman Readings in Infromation Visualization 8

 Iterative Loops

Ben(Fry(Itera2ve(Loops((Visualizing(Data(
(
Itera2ve(Loops(Create(Cross(Discipline(Skills(
(
Represent(((Programmer(Analyst(consults(Sta2s2cians(
(
Interact((Designer(consults(with(Programmer(Analyst(
(
Interact((Designer(consults(with(Sta2s2cian(
(

Ben Fry Visualizing Data 9

 Information Seeking Mantra

Ben(Shneiderman(
(
Visual(Informa2on(Seeking(Mantra(
(
Overview,(Zoom,(Filter,(Details(on(Demand(
Overview,(Zoom,(Filter,(Details(on(Demand(
Overview,(Zoom,(Filter,(Details(on(Demand(
Overview,(Zoom,(Filter,(Details(on(Demand(
Overview,(Zoom,(Filter,(Details(on(Demand(
Overview,(Zoom,(Filter,(Details(on(Demand(
Overview,(Zoom,(Filter,(Details(on(Demand(
(

Ben Shneiderman The Eyes Have It 10

 Data Visualization
! New objectives
! Visualization literacy
! Adjusting form to meet audiences
! Significant shift to different forms of media

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 Data Visualization
Visual representations of a phenomena using data measurements
as the defining characteristics for communication of evidence

-Judd D. Bradbury

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 Visualization
! Can be a representation of insights (descriptive)
! Plots
! Charts
! Diagrams

! A method of analysis (exploratory)

! Leverages human capabilities
! Study of relationships
! Utilization of animation or motion for analysis

! Form of Communication
! Data Stories
! Narrative Visualization
! Documentary Narrative Visualization

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 Multiple Avenues of Communication
! Internal Communication
! Dashboards
! Scorecards
! Portals

! Journalistic Frameworks
! New York Times
! Guardian
! Economist
! Pro-publica

! Video Based Communication

! YouTube
! New York Times
! Guardian

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Time Series Death Cross

Marketwatch, FactSet 15
 Hans Rosling
hUp://www.gapminder.org/videos/200[years[that[changed[the[world[bbc/(

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 GAPMINDER

Hans Rosling, www.gapminder.org 17

 GAPMINDER MAP

Hans Rosling, www.gapminder.org 18

 Visualization of GAPMINDER
! Each country is represented as a bubble
! X & Y Axis visually encodes variables with plotted points
! X & Y Axis use axis labeling for variables
! Z axis is encoded with a size variable
! Variables used in the Z axis utilize a tooltip for exploration

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 Visualization of GAPMINDER
! Global regions are visually encoded with color
! Variable of country is used for highlight selection
! Meaningful whole number increments on X & Y scales
! Calendar year in large background display
! Note the source links within the visualization

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 User Experience
! Animation of frame increments using play button
! Interpolation creates the smooth flow of the bubbles
! Speed can be increased or decreased
! Variables can be changed with drop down
! Axis scales can be changed from linear to logarithmic

Image(Source:(hUp://json.org/example.html((
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 Linear vs. Logarithmic Scales
! Linear scale has an increment of one
! Logarithmic scale multiplies by a factor of 10

cs.sfu.ca 22
 User Experience
! Selectable countries of interest
! Size of Z axis bubbles can be scaled
! Variable assigned to Z axis bubbles can be changed
! Color encoding can be assigned to groups or variables
! Clicking trails allows you to follow country selections

Image(Source:(hUp://json.org/example.html((
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 Telling a Story
! Initial situation What is going on in 1800?
! How is tension created?
! What are the points of tension?
! What are the relationships?
! Health and money?
! Are there exceptions?
! Healthcare improvements in 1950?
! East catching up?
! Oil boom?
! HIV in 1980?

Image(Source:(hUp://json.org/example.html((
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 Animation Principles
! Moving frames of visualization in rapid succession
! Series of visual changes between frames
! Objects moving in the same direction and speed will form groups
! Objects moving in different directions are considered isolates
! Principle of 5 or less, also applies to Powerpoint

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 Descriptive vs. Exploratory

Danyel Fisher, Beautiful Visualization 26

 Objectives of Exploratory

Danyel Fisher, Beautiful Visualization 27

 Moving Plotted Points

! Orientation distance
from the center remains as
constant as possible
Keep the rings

! Order maintain
consistent neighbors as
much as possible
keep the neighbors

Danyel Fisher, Beautiful Visualization 28

 Compatibility
Choose a type of visualization that emphasizes and manages the motion

Robert Kosara, Visual Metaphors - Danyel Fisher, Beautiful Visualization 29

 Focus the Motion
! Help the user maintain their orientation
! Animate direction in a manner that the user would expect
! Restrict motion that does not add value

Arrow of Time

Cultural Expectation

Video Play

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 Jonathan Harris
hUp://www.ted.com/talks/jonathan_harris_tells_the_web_s_secret_stories?
language=en#t[164222(

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We Feel Fine Application

Jonathan Harris, We Feel Fine 32

 Visualization User Experience
! Scrapes all blog entries that include I feel
! Presents multiple modes of animated data point exploration
! Madness
! Montage
! Mobs
! Metrics
! Mounds
Data Filtering

Jonathan Harris, We Feel Fine 34

 Summary
! Exploratory data visualization is an analytical technique
! Visualization has many objectives
! Descriptive
! Exploratory/Analytical
! Communication
! Select a type of visualization that emphasizes the insight
! Align the animated motion with cultural expectations

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