..

OesiKJ1: Application of En~ineerin~ PrincipIes 223

2.17.2 Stability Graph Method - Input Parameters

Compute the value of hydraulic radius, HR:

- HR Area (m2) =~ (llnits ofm)

Perimeter (m) 2(H! + h)

where A and B are the two dimensions defining the stope face to be anaIyzed.

Compute the modified stability number, N':

Measure or ca1cu1ate the value of RQD. ln. ir and la

as described in Section 2.14.5
Compute Q'=RQD/ln x lr/la.

From the charts that follow:

Eva1uate Rock Stress Factor A.
Evaluate Joint Orientation Factor B
EvaIuate Gravity Adjustment Factor C
ObtainN'=Q'xAxBxC

PIot point (HR.N') on stabiIity graph and determine stability and design zone.

Rock Stress Factor A

J...
I';'

r
Determine maximum induced tangential stress (compressiveJ acting at the centre n
centre of the stope face being consiaered. Obtain uniaxial compressive strength M

strength far the intact rock. Evaluate Stress Facto(. A . using the graph below: j:
:=::

<
-0.8
Factor A ,.-..
I J~~(}.
.I.~ .-,
J

,g
r
u .(" e ,:.. ~w. ,..,.
~; .. r
~0.6 / ~;---,---:--~--:--
UJ
UJ

,g;
(fJ
-G
0.4

0.2
~__ J
~-----~--
)~er.qthl./~ff~~--:---~--;--~--~--
. ~ ~__

._-;--~--~-----~------~--
I r .
--1--~--~---~----T-----1--
I I
,
I
I
r

r
o r

_L __ ~ __ ~_-~--_~_- __ ~ __ ~ __ ~ __
cr: ! !
o I ! I 1':

O 2 4 6 8 10 12 [:'
Obtain (J.77;X fram 20 or !:'

Ratia: Unia~ial Comp. Strength . U.C.S. (preterably) 3D numerical ::;:

Max. Induced Comp. Stress. U/T,E<- stress modelling. !i

r
Figure 2.17.1: Rack Stress Factor A (Potvin, 1988) for Stability Graph analysis
 224 Cablebolting in Undergrozmd Mines

'.::'
,\ "\ \
Joint
--
\
';<"1
CX
CX
CX=
"
CX Wall
True
ex===30
=0
45
,
between
0.8
JOillt Orientatioll

'r
'p
,~~,
\\B",~
Factor
Vertical
90
60 Potvin
Wall
1.0Inclined
,."."',
0.3
\\
>"1::==j
\\ ..
\ 0.5 "~\
ex,Horizontal
I1II1I11\ Angle
0.2 '"
/~,<~//
,,-,,".
Factor, B

'"

Oetermination of the mnimum or

true angle between two planes
= Angle ex. between poJes

Figure 2.17.2: Determination of Joint Orientation Factor, B,

for Stability Graph analysis
 ::aI1J1~"!.:j,""ca!J""!:lrlf'JII.I"";III1"'i!I"IJiI!ll!.!':!;I'II!:I:1IU.!\I~_ r_

_

Desi;(n: Application of En;;ineerin;; PrincipIes 225

]oint oriJtation ~actor,B:

Example Detennination N

I \ a)

~,
is not irnJrnediatel.Y_given
~ T ~ by the Fa~e
p~e Set 2 .""

\.'\~
relative'dip~and
It The truer am!le(trike5Jof
rnushe-calcula\e~aS' the
two planes.
betweenshown on the
planes /: I\j+
's~\ \ ~ JI;![~
~f'
following page or ~stimated fr?m a,'

stereonet as In thlS ~xamp'le ...

r fl,
Consider the hangingwall face and

associated jint setS (Figure 2.17 .3a).

Determinauon
pole to the faceof and
B involves onlypoles
the rnean the
}.~ ~ nf\'-"
\~
.i\
pI'.tt
.l.:,., POI"
el'"
\..

'\,
.X ~.( . ~
~ / \
j \
'" ~0.'

\
2-----/'
/ .
po/es L
A
Se! 31
r

for each joint set 1,2 and 3. s

N
Using a series of small circles
(canes) centred on the face pole, the
angle (cone angle) from this po le to
each of the joint set poles can be
estimated as in Figure 2.17 .3b).
These small circles (cones) can be
generated by hand (Goodman, 1980;
Priest, 1985) or they may be
automatically generated by a
compuler program such as OIPS
(Hoek et al., 1995) as shown here.
Cones drawn at 10, 30, 45, 60, and
90 degrees provide sufficient
resolulion to determine factor B.
,'1

The true angle between planes is

given by the smallest angle between
poles lO the planes. Figure 2.17.3.b)
illustrates how lO determine that the
angle from the face to set 1 = 200 ,lO
set 2 = 53 o , and to set 3 = 710

In Figure 2.17 .3c), the angle

contours have been replaced by
corresponding Joint Orientation
Factors ( B ). This shows c1early that
joint set A is critical and that the
factor, B, should be set lO 0.2 for the
Stability Graph analysis. Figure 2.17.3: Estimation of true interplane
angle and Joint Factor B

I
 Desi;;n:Application of Enxineerinx Principies 227
'()
~

~ loint Orientation Factor, B v/'-

~ Simplified approach (special cases) ~

\ ~trike
It is important to remember
are made relative tothat measurements
a global coordinatesuch as olp They
system. and Oip Oirection
cannot or
be used
directly to calculate the true angle between two planes since the applicable
coordinate system must be changed to be relative lO one of the faces. Therefore the
procedures discussed on the previous pages must be implemented.

The calculation of interplane angle is simplified, however, when one of the planes
is approximately horizontal or near vertical (Oip ;:; O or Oip :::90). In the case of
true angle calculation for determination of Factor, B, this condition must apply lO
either the stope face or thE;joint plane (or both).

m
Horizontal Joint or
Horizontal Stope Face o 0.8
.8
ro
(Back): LL
e 0.6
Consider only the difference in ro Factor B
Oip between the stope face and
e
CD
0.4
(one plane
the joint plane using the graph 0.2 ~tJorizontal)
at right to determine B. When
eo
es

one plane is approximately J o , I I I

horizontal. then the difference o 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
"
-:)
in Oip approximates the true Difference in Dip
<~ interplane angle. Between Face and Joint

~
Q..)
u'\
_ Near Vertical Joint or
Near Vertical Stope Face:

The difference in Strike (or in

Oip Oirection) must also be
considered in the case of
vertical features. Note that this
relationship as presented by
Potvin (1988) should only be
used when one of the planes is
near vertical. Difference in Dip
Between Face and Joint

Figure 2.17.4: Simplified special cases for

detennining factor B
 228 Cablebolting in Underground Mines

Gravity Adjustment Factor, e

1) Determine the most I ikely mode of structural fai lure in case :

study using the figures below: r

!!
i,:

/i!

i'

~X
, I
1:
("

1:

Gravity Fall GabbirV Sliding

2 ) Next determine the gravity ad justment factor. based on c. 1;

I!
the fai lure mode using Ihe appropri2te chart below. f::

Q)
U
2. 810
u O462
e.9
<{
E
C\J
LL
C\J
TI
>
(5
2;
U)
i
Factor e
E
Gravi/y Fa// &
S/abbing /:
:::

___ . ~ c J l.
n
, "\'J
_~

J
::~
~
r;: \
; : : L"7=3-6c05(DIO) I

- - -~-- - f-----r----T-----l~----~-------F---F-- --l

o 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
_ Dip of Stope Face
11;1
<{
LL
C\J

(5>O
U O
2;2
o
C\J

-2 846
.5
TI
es
as .-------- p, .

: ! ,"
Factor e II~'\
l"

k
\

----;---,--------
I I
,i S//dmg 1':
~:::

---7---T--:----~---,
; I : I J ,
I :;
:::~ ~

---~---T---i---:-------~---
I I I I : II Ef#~
~::: \j

:~~EfT:f~FEELJ
!
~
I I I
---,-_-,-'
I r I
o
,l I~;!
.;::
t.;.
\

o 10 2.0 30 ~~ ~O 610 :'0 80 90 (Iri

.......
:.::.: ::I:.~::~::.:
..~~.I:.::I:~.~:.~
..~~.~~.: ' !1"~
Figure 2.17.5: Determination ofGravity Adjustment Factor, e,
for Stability Graph analysis