SMART E-VOTING SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION
Electronic Voting Machine (EVM) is used to record votes by replacing ballot papers and ballot
boxes which were used in earlier traditional voting system. The situation was changed after the
arrival of EVM. No more ballot paper, ballot boxes, stamping etc. all these are undiluted into a
simple box called ballot unit of EVM. In this application Biometric identifiers are used to
provide better security in EVM.

By using Biometric identifiers like Face Recognition and Fingerprint Sensor which are linked
with Adhaar card. Votes are stored electronically in EVM ballot box. Thus, it cannot be hacked
easily because Biometric identifier cannot be easily misplaced or shared. This application can
also be used by Handicapped person by just clicking their picture and matching it with the
provided information which is stored in the Database.

EVM is a simple Electronic device which is used to record votes in place of ballot papers and
ballot boxes which were used in earlier conventional voting system. EVM is a tool for making
the electoral process more efficient and affected to increase trust in its management. It increases
the security of the ballots, it speed up the processing result and make voting easier. The EVM
was designed by Election Commission of India in partnership with 2 public sectors: Bharat
Electronics Limited, Bangalore and Electronics Corporation of India Limited, Hyderabad.
EVMs are more voter-friendly and much simpler from Paper ballot. EVMs voting save time,
energy and money and thus save million of trees in this process.
Securities of the E-voting systems:
The main goal of a secure e-voting is to maintain the privacy of the voters on one hand and
accuracy of the votes on other hand. A secure e-voting system satisfies the following
requirements:
Eligibility: Only votes of legitimate voters shall be taken into account.
Authentication: Only authorized voters should be able to vote.
Uniqueness: No voter should be able to vote more than once.
Accuracy: Voting systems should record the votes correctly.
Integrity: Number of casted votes must not be modified.
Fairness: Partial tabulation must be impossible.

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ECE DEPARTMENT, SRMGPC, LUCKNOW
 SMART E-VOTING SYSTEM

Literature Review on Voting Trends in India

Paper based Voting System:
Before 2004 voting system was based on paper. Voter had to go to polling booth on the day of
election. For casting his vote, he had to mark seal in front of the symbol of any candidate for
which he wanted to cast his vote on ballot paper. For results, all votes were counted and
maximum vote gainer was declared as winner. India has population more than 120 crores so if
ballot paper voting is used then it will be very hard to count the vote and there are also problems
like replacement of ballot paper boxes with duplicate, damage of ballot paper, marking stamp
seal for more than one candidate hence it was mandatory for India to overcome this problem.
Electronic Voting System:
In 2004, India adopted Electronic Voting Machines (EVM) for its elections [4] (e-voting). EVM
is called Direct-Recording Electronic (DRE) voting system. Votes are recorded correctly and no
problem is there in counting, scalability and robustness of system. Problem lies in authentication,
the person who is voting may not be the legitimate person. There are other problems like booth
capturing by political parties, voting done by less aged children and fraud voting. A person is
identified by voter list provided by the Election Commission of India and Voter ID card issued
by Indian government. There are a lot of problems in voter ID card like name misprinting,
missing of name, no clear photo on photo id card, etc. 2
Current Voting System
To design a voting system, to be able to overcome these shortcomings, we need to analyze the
current voting system.
How the system works?
Voting is done by secret EVM. Polling stations are usually set up in public institutions, such as
schools and community halls. To enable as many electors as possible to vote, the officials of the
Election Commission try to ensure that there is a polling station within 2 km of every voter. On
entering the polling station, the elector is checked against the Electoral Roll, and allowed to cast
his/her vote by EVM. Currently voting is done by EVM in India and voter is allowed to only cast
his/her after complete authentication. Authentication is done by voter list at that polling station
and Voter ID card. Both Voter ID card and voter list are issued by the Election Commission of
India (ECI), a government and constitutional body of India to control and take care of the Indian
election. If voter name matches with the name with that on the voter ID card and he has not

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 SMART E-VOTING SYSTEM

casted his/her vote before, then the voter is allowed to vote. This authentication is completely
paper based.
Issues with Present Voting System:
There have been several studies on using computer technologies to improve elections. These
studies caution against the risks of moving too quickly to adopt electronic voting system,
because of the software engineering challenges, insider threats, network vulnerabilities, and the
challenges of auditing.
Problems encountered during the usual elections are as follows:
Improper validation of voters.
Capturing of Polling Booth.
Even brief access to the machines could allow dishonest election insiders or other frauds to
alter election results.
The voters finds the event boring resulting to a small number of voters.
Deceitful election mechanism.
Constant spending funds for the elections staff are provided.
Also, there is no procedure to give voters a way to verify their vote and ensure transparency.
So, the proposed electronic voting system has to be addressed with these problems.
Different Stages of Election:
1. Registration
2. Authentication
3. Vote Casting
4. Vote Tallying

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ECE DEPARTMENT, SRMGPC, LUCKNOW
 SMART E-VOTING SYSTEM

PROBLEM DEFINITON
There have been a lot of problems associated with the conventional voting systems. They have
been presented as:

Paper based voting is the traditional voting process and was used by many countries. In
this type of voting system the votes are registered on paper, punch cards and result are
generated on paper. In this kind of voting system election Administrators can go back and
manually recount the ballots.
The problem with this kind of voting system is that it is more likely to record over votes
which end up being cast as no vote.
Over vote occurs when voter accidently marks on ballots more than one time in a
particular race. Voters cannot vote for more than one candidate.
Beside the over vote problem, paper ballots can be lost, misplaced, miscounted.
Paper ballot it takes lot of time to count the votes before declaring the result

PROJECT OBJECTIVES:

1. To develop the algorithms for the face detection and database management in the
MATLAB.
2. To design and develop GUI for the EVM interface and administrative login for voting
caste. The GUI is to be developed in MATLAB. The interface to be developed for the
hardware interfacing
3. To design and develop the hardware circuitries for the interfacing the microcontrollers,
fingerprint sensors, GSM, and USB to TTL interface.
4. To final validate and test the complete system developed for the final EVM system

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ECE DEPARTMENT, SRMGPC, LUCKNOW
 SMART E-VOTING SYSTEM

PROPOSED METHDOLOGY

In our proposed work Biometric identifiers are used to provide better security in EVM.
By using Biometric identifiers like Face Recognition and Fingerprint Sensor which are
linked with Aadhar card.
Votes are stored electronically in EVM ballot box. Thus, it cannot be hacked easily
because Biometric identifier cannot be easily misplaced or shared.
This application can also be used by Handicapped person by just clicking their picture
and matching it with the provided information which is stored in the Database

EVM ARCHITECTURE:

Figure 1

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ECE DEPARTMENT, SRMGPC, LUCKNOW
 SMART E-VOTING SYSTEM

FLOW CHART:

Fig 2: Flow chart of proposed system

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ECE DEPARTMENT, SRMGPC, LUCKNOW
 SMART E-VOTING SYSTEM

WORKING:

STEP 1: Voter going to login on the GUI using Matlab.

STEP 2: Then Voters detail page will open. Here voter has to write his/her Mobile no. and
Adhaar no. If Mobile no. and Adhaar no. are matched with the provided Database then image
capture will be done.

STEP 3: Image will be captured and matched with the provided picture in the Database. If it
matches, next step will be done. If not again we will have to capture image.

STEP 4: For biometric clearance user will put his finger on finger print scanner if finger will
match successfully then this system will allow to go further stage.

STEP 5: Now OTP is send to the users mobile no. through GSM (global system for mobile
communication)

STEP 6: Enter OTP and click on submit button. After clicking the Submit button voter can vote
for its candidate.

STEP 7: At last admin will show the result. The whole system proceed in same manner.

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ECE DEPARTMENT, SRMGPC, LUCKNOW
 SMART E-VOTING SYSTEM

HARDWARE/SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS AND

SPECIFICATIONS
Hardware Requirements:
Fingerprint Sensor
EVM Controller
GSM
Webcam (Face Recognition)
Microcontroller
TTL to USB
Software Requirements:
MATLAB 13

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ECE DEPARTMENT, SRMGPC, LUCKNOW
 SMART E-VOTING SYSTEM

BIOMETRIC IDENTIFIERS
Biometric means a human generated signal or attributes for authenticity or a person identity.

BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGY

Physical Behavioural

A physical Biometric feature includes:

Face detection
Fingerprint detection
Iris detection
A Behavioural Biometric feature includes:
Signature detection
Voice detection

Fingerprint Detection: Fingerprint detection is a biometric Technology. Fingerprint is unique

for every individual. Every individual person has different fingerprint patterns. A fingerprint is a
collection of many Ridges and Furrows (Valleys).This is the main Objective what makes
fingerprint such an amazing tool for fingerprint identification

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ECE DEPARTMENT, SRMGPC, LUCKNOW
 SMART E-VOTING SYSTEM

Likewise we cannot change DNA, in the same way we cannot change our fingerprint. The scars
formed in the process of identifying fingerprint become a tool for identification in them. They
are a unique id.
Fingerprints are same for whole lifetime. They dont change with time.

Face Recognition: Biometric face recognition, otherwise known as Automatic Face Recognition
(AFR), is a particularly attractive biometric approach, since it focuses on the same identifier that
humans use primarily to distinguish one person from another: their faces. One of its main goals
is the understanding of the complex human visual system and the knowledge of how humans
represent faces in order to discriminate different identities with high accuracy. Face Recognition
technology is a well advanced, that it can be applied for many commercial application such as
personal identification, security system, image file processing, psychology, computer interaction,
entertainment system, smart card and so on.

GSM: The GSM system is the most widely used cellular technology in use in the world today. It
has been a particularly successful cellular phone technology for a variety of reasons including the
ability to roam worldwide with the certainty of being able to be able to operate on GSM
networks in exactly the same way - provided billing agreements are in place.
The letters GSM originally stood for the words Groupe Speciale Mobile, but as it became clear
this cellular technology was being used worldwide the meaning of GSM was changed to Global
System for Mobile Communications. Since this cellular technology was first deployed in 1991,
the use of GSM has grown steadily, and it is now the most widely cell phone system in the
world. GSM reached the 1 billion subscriber point in February 2004, and is now well over the 3
billion subscriber mark and still steadily increasing.
The GSM system was designed as a second generation (2G) cellular phone technology. One of
the basic aims was to provide a system that would enable greater capacity to be achieved than the
previous first generation analogue systems. GSM achieved this by using a digital TDMA (time
division multiple access approach). By adopting this technique more users could be
accommodated within the available bandwidth. In addition to this, ciphering of the digitally
encoded speech was adopted to retain privacy. Using the earlier analogue cellular technologies it

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ECE DEPARTMENT, SRMGPC, LUCKNOW
 SMART E-VOTING SYSTEM

was possible for anyone with a scanner receiver to listen to calls and a number of famous
personalities had been "eavesdropped" with embarrassing consequences.

MATLAB: MATLAB described as a strong 4th generation programming language. It is an

environment for numerical computing. It is use for plotting any function or data, it is very strong
tool for matrix manipulation and it is the best program language for algorithm implementation.
MATLAB provides a number of toolbox such as image acquisition and database toolboxes.

COMPARISON TABLE
PREVIOUS WORK PROPOSED WORK

Less secured Secured

Ballot paper misplaced No concept of ballot paper.

Instead votes are stored in
EVM database.

Over vote recording Single user single vote

Problem.

No facility for handicap. Face recognition facility for

Handicap.

Time consuming task Time saving task

Recall and record of data Recall and record of

was not possible data with consistency speed

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ECE DEPARTMENT, SRMGPC, LUCKNOW
 SMART E-VOTING SYSTEM

FUTURE SCOPE/ADVANTAGES/LIMITATIONS

FUTURE SCOPE:

In this EVM application is used to enhance security by eliminating bogus voting and vote
repetition using finger print based authentication and Face Recognition based authentication.

If Finger Print and Face Recognition is authenticated then it produces OTP (One Time Password)
on the voters mobile with in linked with their Adhaar card. In future, security of this application
can still be enhanced if finger-print data and face recognition data can be stored and accessed
from central server, voting ballot unit is separately placed from control unit.

ADVANTAGES:

This project enables secured voting and reduces man power efficiently. In this system we
are introduce some new concepts and that is implementing by Biometric Identifier.
Throughout the project, we have been able to develop a Electronic Voting Software
which manages and maintains the voters information and biometric data of the voters.

Also this voting software eliminates the need of and transportation of ballot papers to
various designated polling stations, thereby removing any expenses that would have
been caused as a result of this. Finally, this voting software does the task of automating
the collation of results in real-time that is as the election is being conducted.

LIMITATIONS:

Due the immense development of Aadhar card system it can be further improved by the
addition of Iris recognition system for more secured polling.

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REFERENECES
[1]. S. Prabhakar, S. Pankanti, and A. K. Jain, Biometric Recognition: Security and Privacy
Concerns, IEEE Security and Privacy Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 33-42, 2003.
[2]. A. Villafiorita and K. Weldemariam, and R. Tiella, Development, Formal Verification, and
Evaluation of an E-Voting System with VVPAT, IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and
Security, vol. 4, no. 4, 2009.
[3] https://www.slideshare.net/asertseminar/electronic-voting-machine-33017323
[4].Amanpreet kaur, Yashkalyani, Singh Kushagra Harila, Rahulmadhesiya,Microcontroller Based
Voice Activated Mobile Controlled Electronic Voting Machine, International Journal of Advanced
Research in Computer and Communication Engineering Vol.2, Issue 3, March2013, pages 1331-1333.
[5]. D. Ashok Kumar, T. Ummal Sariba Begum, A Novel design of Electronic Voting System Using
Fingerprint, International Journal of innovative technology & creative engineering (ISSN:2045-8711)
vol.1 no.1 January 2011, pages 12-19)
[6].Gomathi. B, Veena priyadarshini. SModernized Voting Machine using Finger Print Recognition,
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 5, May-2013.
[7]. J. Nagi, Design of an Efficient High- Speed Face Recognition System, Department of Electrical
and Electronics Engineering College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, March 2007.
[8].Diponkar Paul and Sobuj Kumar Ray, Member, IACSIT, A Preview on Microcontroller Based
Electronic Voting Machine, International Journal of Information and Electronics Engineering, Vol. 3,
No. 2, March 2013.

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ECE DEPARTMENT, SRMGPC, LUCKNOW