RESTful Day #1: Enterprise level application

architecture with Web APIs using Entity

Framework, Generic Repository pattern and
Unit of Work.
Introduction:

I have been practicing, reading a lot about RESTful services for past few days. To my surprise I could not find a
complete series of practical implementations of ASP.Net Web APIs on the web. My effort in this series will be
to focus on how we can develop basic enterprise level application architecture with Web APIs.

Well be discussing less theory and doing more practical to understand how RESTful services can be created
using an ORM, we choose Entity Framework here. My first article in the series is to set up a basic architecture
of REST service based application. Later on in my upcoming articles, Ill explain how we can follow best
standards to achieve enterprise level architecture.

Roadmap:
My road for the series is as follows,

RESTful Day #1: Enterprise level application architecture with Web APIs using Entity Framework, Generic
Repository pattern and Unit of Work.
RESTful Day #2: Inversion of control using dependency injection in Web API's using Unity Container and
Bootstrapper.
RESTful Day #3: Resolving dependency of dependencies with dependency injection in Web API's using Unity
Container and Managed Extensibility Framework (MEF).
RESTful Day #4: Custom URL re-writing with the help of Attribute routing in MVC 4 Web API's.
RESTful Day #5: Token based custom authorization in Web APIs using Action Filters.
RESTful Day #6: Request logging and Exception handing/logging in Web APIs using Action Filters, Exception
Filters and nLog.
RESTful Day #7: Unit testing Asp.Net Web API's controllers using nUnit.
RESTful Day #8: Extending OData support in Asp.Net Web API's.

Ill purposely use Visual Studio 2010 and .net Framework 4.0 because there are few implementations that are
very hard to find in .Net Framework 4.0, but Ill make it easy by showing how we can do it.

REST:

Here is an extract from Wikipedia,

Unlike SOAP-based web services, there is no "official" standard for RESTful web APIs. This is because REST is an
architectural style, while SOAP is a protocol. Even though REST is not a standard per se, most RESTful implementations
make use of standards such as HTTP, URI, JSON, and XML.
I agree to it . Lets do some coding.

Setup database:

I am using Sql Server 2008 as a database server. I have provided the sql scripts to create the database in Sql
Server, you can use the same to create one.I have given WebApiDb as my database name.My database
contains three tables for now, Products, Tokens, User. In this tutorial well only be dealing with product table
to perform CURD operations using Web API and Entity framework.Well use Tokens and User in my upcoming
article. For those who fail to create database through scripts, here is the structure you can follow,
Web API project:

Open your Visual studio , I am using VS 2010, You can use VS version 2010 or above.

Step 1: Create a new Project in your visual studio,

Step 2: There after choose to create Asp.net MVC 4 Web application, and give it a name of your choice, I gave
it WebAPI.
Step 3: Out of different type of project templates shown to you, choose Web API project,

Once done, youll get a project structure like shown below, with a default Home and Values controller.
You can choose to delete this ValuesController , as well be using our own controller to learn.
Setup Data Access Layer:

Lets setup or data access layer first. Well be using Entity Framework 5.0 to talk to database. Well use
Generic Repository Pattern and Unit of work pattern to standardize our layer.

Lets have a look at the standard definition of Entity Framework given by Microsoft:

The Microsoft ADO.NET Entity Framework is an Object/Relational Mapping (ORM) framework that enables
developers to work with relational data as domain-specific objects, eliminating the need for most of the data
access plumbing code that developers usually need to write. Using the Entity Framework, developers issue
queries using LINQ, then retrieve and manipulate data as strongly typed objects. The Entity Frameworks ORM
implementation provides services like change tracking, identity resolution, lazy loading, and query translation
so that developers can focus on their application-specific business logic rather than the data access
fundamentals.

In simple language, Entity framework is an Object/Relational Mapping (ORM) framework. It is an enhancement

to ADO.NET, an upper layer to ADO.NET that gives developers an automated mechanism for accessing and
storing the data in the database.

Step 1 : Create a new class library in your visual studio, and name it DataModel as shown below,
Step2: In the same way, create one more project i.e. again a class library and call it BusinessEntities,
Ill explain the use of this class library soon.

Step 3: Move on to your DataModel project , right click on it and add a new item, in the list shown, choose
ADO.net Data Model, and name it WebApiDataModel.edmx.
The file .edmx will contain the databse information of our database that we created earlier, lets set up this.
Youll be presented a wizard like follows,
Choose, generate from database. Choose Microsoft SQl Server like shown in the following image,

Click continue, then provide the credentials of your database, i.e. WebAPIdb, and connect it,
Youll get a screen, showing the connection string of the database we chose,

Provide the name of the connection string as WebApiDbEntities and click Next.
Choose all the database objects, check all the check boxes, and provide a name for the model. I gave it a name
WebApiDbModel.

Once you finish this wizard, youll get the schema ready in your datamodel project as follows,
Weve got our schema in-place using Entity framework.But few work is still remaining. We need our data
context class and entities through which well communicate with database.
So, moving on to next step.

Step 3 : Click on tools in Visual studio and open Extension manager. We need to get db context generator for
our datamodel.We can also do it using default code generation item by right clicking in the edmx view and add
code generation item, but that will generate object context class and that is heavier than db context. I want
light weighted db context class to be created, so well use extension manager to add a package and then
create a db context class.
Search for Entity Framework Db context generator in online galary and select the one for EF 5.x like below,

I guess you need to restart Visual studio to get that into your templates.
Step 4 : Now right click in the .edmx file schema designer and choose Add Code Generation Item...

Step 5 : Now youll see that we have got the template for the extension that we added, select that EF 5.x
DbContext Generator and click Add.
After adding this well get the db context class and its properties, this class is responsible for all database
transactions that we need to perform, so our structure looks like as shown below,
Wow, we ended up in errors. But we got our db context class and our entity models, You can see them in our
DataModel project. Errors ? Nothing to worry about , its just we did not reference entity framework in our
project.Well do it right away.

Step 6 : Go to Tools -> Library Packet Manager->Packet manager Console.

Youll get the console in left bottom of Visual studio.

Select dataModel project and write a command Install-Package EntityFramework Version 5.0.0 to install
Entity Framework 5 in our DataModel project.
Press enter. And all the errors get resolved.

Generic Repository and Unit of Work:

You can read about repository pattern and creating a repository in detail from my article :
http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/631668/Learning-MVC-Part-Repository-Pattern-in-MVC-App.

Just to list down the benefits of Repository pattern,

It centralizes the data logic or Web service access logic.

It provides a substitution point for the unit tests.
It provides a flexible architecture that can be adapted as the overall design of the application evolves.

Well create a generic repository that works for all our entities. Creating repositories for each and every entity
may result in lots of duplicate code in large projects.For creating Generic Repository you can follow :
http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/640294/Learning-MVC-Part-Generic-Repository-Pattern-in

Step 1: Add a folder named GenericRepository in DataModel project and to that folder add a class named
Generic Repository. Add following code to that class, that servers as a template based generic code for all the
entities that will interact with databse,

#region Using Namespaces...

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Linq;

#endregion

namespace DataModel.GenericRepository
{
/// <summary>
/// Generic Repository class for Entity Operations
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="TEntity"></typeparam>
public class GenericRepository<TEntity> where TEntity : class
{
#region Private member variables...
internal WebApiDbEntities Context;
internal DbSet<TEntity> DbSet;
#endregion

#region Public Constructor...

/// <summary>
/// Public Constructor,initializes privately declared local variables.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="context"></param>
public GenericRepository(WebApiDbEntities context)
{
this.Context = context;
this.DbSet = context.Set<TEntity>();
}
#endregion

#region Public member methods...

/// <summary>
/// generic Get method for Entities
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public virtual IEnumerable<TEntity> Get()
{
IQueryable<TEntity> query = DbSet;
return query.ToList();
}

/// <summary>
/// Generic get method on the basis of id for Entities.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="id"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public virtual TEntity GetByID(object id)
{
return DbSet.Find(id);
}

/// <summary>
/// generic Insert method for the entities
/// </summary>
/// <param name="entity"></param>
public virtual void Insert(TEntity entity)
{
DbSet.Add(entity);
}

/// <summary>
/// Generic Delete method for the entities
/// </summary>
/// <param name="id"></param>
public virtual void Delete(object id)
{
TEntity entityToDelete = DbSet.Find(id);
Delete(entityToDelete);
}

/// <summary>
/// Generic Delete method for the entities
/// </summary>
/// <param name="entityToDelete"></param>
public virtual void Delete(TEntity entityToDelete)
{
if (Context.Entry(entityToDelete).State == EntityState.Detached)
{
DbSet.Attach(entityToDelete);
}
DbSet.Remove(entityToDelete);
}

/// <summary>
/// Generic update method for the entities
/// </summary>
/// <param name="entityToUpdate"></param>
public virtual void Update(TEntity entityToUpdate)
{
DbSet.Attach(entityToUpdate);
Context.Entry(entityToUpdate).State = EntityState.Modified;
}

/// <summary>
/// generic method to get many record on the basis of a condition.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="where"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public virtual IEnumerable<TEntity> GetMany(Func<TEntity, bool> where)
{
return DbSet.Where(where).ToList();
}

/// <summary>
/// generic method to get many record on the basis of a condition but query able.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="where"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public virtual IQueryable<TEntity> GetManyQueryable(Func<TEntity, bool> where)
{
 return DbSet.Where(where).AsQueryable();
}

/// <summary>
/// generic get method , fetches data for the entities on the basis of condition.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="where"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public TEntity Get(Func<TEntity, Boolean> where)
{
return DbSet.Where(where).FirstOrDefault<TEntity>();
}

/// <summary>
/// generic delete method , deletes data for the entities on the basis of condition.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="where"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public void Delete(Func<TEntity, Boolean> where)
{
IQueryable<TEntity> objects = DbSet.Where<TEntity>(where).AsQueryable();
foreach (TEntity obj in objects)
DbSet.Remove(obj);
}

/// <summary>
/// generic method to fetch all the records from db
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public virtual IEnumerable<TEntity> GetAll()
{
return DbSet.ToList();
}

/// <summary>
/// Inclue multiple
/// </summary>
/// <param name="predicate"></param>
/// <param name="include"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public IQueryable<TEntity>
GetWithInclude(System.Linq.Expressions.Expression<Func<TEntity, bool>> predicate, params
string[] include)
{
IQueryable<TEntity> query = this.DbSet;
query = include.Aggregate(query, (current, inc) => current.Include(inc));
return query.Where(predicate);
}

/// <summary>
/// Generic method to check if entity exists
/// </summary>
/// <param name="primaryKey"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public bool Exists(object primaryKey)
{
 return DbSet.Find(primaryKey) != null;
}

/// <summary>
/// Gets a single record by the specified criteria (usually the unique identifier)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="predicate">Criteria to match on</param>
/// <returns>A single record that matches the specified criteria</returns>
public TEntity GetSingle(Func<TEntity, bool> predicate)
{
return DbSet.Single<TEntity>(predicate);
}

/// <summary>
/// The first record matching the specified criteria
/// </summary>
/// <param name="predicate">Criteria to match on</param>
/// <returns>A single record containing the first record matching the specified
criteria</returns>
public TEntity GetFirst(Func<TEntity, bool> predicate)
{
return DbSet.First<TEntity>(predicate);
}

#endregion
}
}

Unit of Work :

Again Ill not explain in detail what Unit of Work is. You can google about the theory or follow my existing
article on MVC with Unit of Work.

To give a heads up, again from my existing article, the important responsibilities of Unit of Work are,

To manage transactions.
To order the database inserts, deletes, and updates.
To prevent duplicate updates. Inside a single usage of a Unit of Work object, different parts of the code
may mark the same Invoice object as changed, but the Unit of Work class will only issue a single
UPDATE command to the database.

The value of using a Unit of Work pattern is to free the rest of our code from these concerns so that you can
otherwise concentrate on business logic.

Step 1: Create a folder named UnitOfWork, add a class to that folder named UnitOfWork.cs,

Add GenericRepository properties for all the three entities that we got. The class also implements IDisposable
interface and its method Dispose to free up connections and objects. The class will be as follows,
#region Using Namespaces...

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Data.Entity.Validation;
using DataModel.GenericRepository;

#endregion

namespace DataModel.UnitOfWork
{
/// <summary>
/// Unit of Work class responsible for DB transactions
/// </summary>
public class UnitOfWork : IDisposable
{
#region Private member variables...

private WebApiDbEntities _context = null;

private GenericRepository<User> _userRepository;
private GenericRepository<Product> _productRepository;
private GenericRepository<Token> _tokenRepository;
#endregion

public UnitOfWork()
{
_context = new WebApiDbEntities();
}

#region Public Repository Creation properties...

/// <summary>
/// Get/Set Property for product repository.
/// </summary>
public GenericRepository<Product> ProductRepository
{
get
{
if (this._productRepository == null)
this._productRepository = new GenericRepository<Product>(_context);
return _productRepository;
}
}

/// <summary>
/// Get/Set Property for user repository.
/// </summary>
public GenericRepository<User> UserRepository
{
get
{
if (this._userRepository == null)
this._userRepository = new GenericRepository<User>(_context);
return _userRepository;
 }
}

/// <summary>
/// Get/Set Property for token repository.
/// </summary>
public GenericRepository<Token> TokenRepository
{
get
{
if (this._tokenRepository == null)
this._tokenRepository = new GenericRepository<Token>(_context);
return _tokenRepository;
}
}
#endregion

#region Public member methods...

/// <summary>
/// Save method.
/// </summary>
public void Save()
{
try
{
_context.SaveChanges();
}
catch (DbEntityValidationException e)
{

var outputLines = new List<string>();

foreach (var eve in e.EntityValidationErrors)
{
outputLines.Add(string.Format("{0}: Entity of type \"{1}\" in state
\"{2}\" has the following validation errors:", DateTime.Now, eve.Entry.Entity.GetType().Name,
eve.Entry.State));
foreach (var ve in eve.ValidationErrors)
{
outputLines.Add(string.Format("- Property: \"{0}\", Error: \"{1}\"",
ve.PropertyName, ve.ErrorMessage));
}
}
System.IO.File.AppendAllLines(@"C:\errors.txt", outputLines);

throw e;
}

#endregion

#region Implementing IDiosposable...

#region private dispose variable declaration...

private bool disposed = false;
#endregion
 /// <summary>
/// Protected Virtual Dispose method
/// </summary>
/// <param name="disposing"></param>
protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
{
if (!this.disposed)
{
if (disposing)
{
Debug.WriteLine("UnitOfWork is being disposed");
_context.Dispose();
}
}
this.disposed = true;
}

/// <summary>
/// Dispose method
/// </summary>
public void Dispose()
{
Dispose(true);
GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
}
#endregion
}
}

Now we have completely set up our data access layer, and our project structure looks like as shown below,
Setup Business Entities :

Remember, we created a business entities project. You may wonder, we already have database entities to
interact with database then why do we need Business Entities?. The answer is as simple as that, we are trying
to follow a proper structure of communication, and one would never want to expose the database entities to
the end client, in our case is Web API, it involves lot of risk.Hackers may manipulate the details and get
accessto your database.Instead well use database entities in our business logic layer and use Business Entities
as transfer objects to communicate between business logic and Web API project.So business entities may have
different names but, their properties remains same as database entities. In our case well add same name
business entity classes appendint word Entity to them in our BusinessEntity project. So well end up having
three classes as follows,
Product entity :

public class ProductEntity

{
public int ProductId { get; set; }
public string ProductName { get; set; }
}

Token entity :

public class TokenEntity

{
public int TokenId { get; set; }
public int UserId { get; set; }
public string AuthToken { get; set; }
public System.DateTime IssuedOn { get; set; }
public System.DateTime ExpiresOn { get; set; }
}

User entity :

public class UserEntity

{
public int UserId { get; set; }
public string UserName { get; set; }
 public string Password { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
}

Setup Business Services Project:

Add a new class library to the solution named BusinessServices. This layer will act as our business logic layer.
Note that, we can make use of our API controllers to write business logic, but I am trying to segregate my
business logic in an extra layer so that if in future I want to use WCF,MVC, Asp.net Web Pages or any other
application as my presentation layer then I can easily integrate my Business logic layer in it.
Well make this layer testable, so we need to create an interface in and declare CURD operations that we need
to perform over product table.Before we proceed, add the reference of BusinessEntities project and
DataModel project to this newly created project

Step 1 : Create an interface named IProductServices and add following code to it for CURD operations
methods,

using System.Collections.Generic;
using BusinessEntities;

namespace BusinessServices
{
/// <summary>
/// Product Service Contract
/// </summary>
public interface IProductServices
{
ProductEntity GetProductById(int productId);
IEnumerable<ProductEntity> GetAllProducts();
int CreateProduct(ProductEntity productEntity);
bool UpdateProduct(int productId,ProductEntity productEntity);
bool DeleteProduct(int productId);
}
}

Step 2 : Create a class to implement this interface.name that class ProductServices,

The class contains a private variable of UnitOfWork and a constructor to initialize that variable,

private readonly UnitOfWork _unitOfWork;

/// <summary>
/// Public constructor.
/// </summary>
public ProductServices()
{
_unitOfWork = new UnitOfWork();
}
We have decided not to expose our db entities to Web API project, so we need something to map the db
entities data to my business entity classes. Well make use of AutoMapper.You can read about AutoMapper in
my this article.

Step 3: Just right click project-> Extension manager, search for AutoMapper in online galary and add to
BusinessServices project,

Step 4: Implement methods in ProductServices class ,

Add following code to the class,

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Transactions;
using AutoMapper;
using BusinessEntities;
using DataModel;
using DataModel.UnitOfWork;

namespace BusinessServices
{
/// <summary>
/// Offers services for product specific CRUD operations
/// </summary>
public class ProductServices:IProductServices
{
private readonly UnitOfWork _unitOfWork;
/// <summary>
/// Public constructor.
/// </summary>
public ProductServices()
{
_unitOfWork = new UnitOfWork();
}

/// <summary>
/// Fetches product details by id
/// </summary>
/// <param name="productId"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public BusinessEntities.ProductEntity GetProductById(int productId)
{
var product = _unitOfWork.ProductRepository.GetByID(productId);
if (product != null)
{
Mapper.CreateMap<Product, ProductEntity>();
var productModel = Mapper.Map<Product, ProductEntity>(product);
return productModel;
}
return null;
}

/// <summary>
/// Fetches all the products.
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public IEnumerable<BusinessEntities.ProductEntity> GetAllProducts()
{
var products = _unitOfWork.ProductRepository.GetAll().ToList();
if (products.Any())
{
Mapper.CreateMap<Product, ProductEntity>();
var productsModel = Mapper.Map<List<Product>, List<ProductEntity>>(products);
return productsModel;
}
return null;
}

/// <summary>
/// Creates a product
/// </summary>
/// <param name="productEntity"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public int CreateProduct(BusinessEntities.ProductEntity productEntity)
{
using (var scope = new TransactionScope())
{
var product = new Product
{
ProductName = productEntity.ProductName
};
_unitOfWork.ProductRepository.Insert(product);
 _unitOfWork.Save();
scope.Complete();
return product.ProductId;
}
}

/// <summary>
/// Updates a product
/// </summary>
/// <param name="productId"></param>
/// <param name="productEntity"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public bool UpdateProduct(int productId, BusinessEntities.ProductEntity
productEntity)
{
var success = false;
if (productEntity != null)
{
using (var scope = new TransactionScope())
{
var product = _unitOfWork.ProductRepository.GetByID(productId);
if (product != null)
{
product.ProductName = productEntity.ProductName;
_unitOfWork.ProductRepository.Update(product);
_unitOfWork.Save();
scope.Complete();
success = true;
}
}
}
return success;
}

/// <summary>
/// Deletes a particular product
/// </summary>
/// <param name="productId"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public bool DeleteProduct(int productId)
{
var success = false;
if (productId > 0)
{
using (var scope = new TransactionScope())
{
var product = _unitOfWork.ProductRepository.GetByID(productId);
if (product != null)
{

_unitOfWork.ProductRepository.Delete(product);
_unitOfWork.Save();
scope.Complete();
success = true;
}
}
 }
return success;
}
}
}

Let me explain the idea of the code.We have 5 methods as follows,

1. To get product by id ( GetproductById ) : We call repository to get the product by id. Id comes as a
parameter from the calling method to that service method. It returns the product entity from the
database.Note that it will not return the exact db entity, instead well map it with our business entity
using AutoMapper and return it to calling method.

/// <summary>
/// Fetches product details by id
/// </summary>
/// <param name="productId"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public BusinessEntities.ProductEntity GetProductById(int productId)
{
var product = _unitOfWork.ProductRepository.GetByID(productId);
if (product != null)
{
Mapper.CreateMap<Product, ProductEntity>();
var productModel = Mapper.Map<Product, ProductEntity>(product);
return productModel;
}
return null;
}

2. Get all products from database (GetAllProducts) : This method returns all the products residing in
database, again we make use of AutoMapper to map the list and return back.

/// <summary>
/// Fetches all the products.
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public IEnumerable<BusinessEntities.ProductEntity> GetAllProducts()
{
var products = _unitOfWork.ProductRepository.GetAll().ToList();
if (products.Any())
{
Mapper.CreateMap<Product, ProductEntity>();
var productsModel = Mapper.Map<List<Product>, List<ProductEntity>>(products);
return productsModel;
}
return null;
}

3. Create a new product (CreateProduct) : This method takes product BusinessEntity as an argument and
creates a new object of actual database entity and insert it using unit of work.

/// <summary>
/// Creates a product
 /// </summary>
/// <param name="productEntity"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public int CreateProduct(BusinessEntities.ProductEntity productEntity)
{
using (var scope = new TransactionScope())
{
var product = new Product
{
ProductName = productEntity.ProductName
};
_unitOfWork.ProductRepository.Insert(product);
_unitOfWork.Save();
scope.Complete();
return product.ProductId;
}
}

I guess you can now write update and delete methods. So I am writing the code of complete class,

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Transactions;
using AutoMapper;
using BusinessEntities;
using DataModel;
using DataModel.UnitOfWork;

namespace BusinessServices
{
/// <summary>
/// Offers services for product specific CRUD operations
/// </summary>
public class ProductServices:IProductServices
{
private readonly UnitOfWork _unitOfWork;

/// <summary>
/// Public constructor.
/// </summary>
public ProductServices()
{
_unitOfWork = new UnitOfWork();
}

/// <summary>
/// Fetches product details by id
/// </summary>
/// <param name="productId"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public BusinessEntities.ProductEntity GetProductById(int productId)
{
var product = _unitOfWork.ProductRepository.GetByID(productId);
if (product != null)
{
 Mapper.CreateMap<Product, ProductEntity>();
var productModel = Mapper.Map<Product, ProductEntity>(product);
return productModel;
}
return null;
}

/// <summary>
/// Fetches all the products.
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public IEnumerable<BusinessEntities.ProductEntity> GetAllProducts()
{
var products = _unitOfWork.ProductRepository.GetAll().ToList();
if (products.Any())
{
Mapper.CreateMap<Product, ProductEntity>();
var productsModel = Mapper.Map<List<Product>, List<ProductEntity>>(products);
return productsModel;
}
return null;
}

/// <summary>
/// Creates a product
/// </summary>
/// <param name="productEntity"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public int CreateProduct(BusinessEntities.ProductEntity productEntity)
{
using (var scope = new TransactionScope())
{
var product = new Product
{
ProductName = productEntity.ProductName
};
_unitOfWork.ProductRepository.Insert(product);
_unitOfWork.Save();
scope.Complete();
return product.ProductId;
}
}

/// <summary>
/// Updates a product
/// </summary>
/// <param name="productId"></param>
/// <param name="productEntity"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public bool UpdateProduct(int productId, BusinessEntities.ProductEntity
productEntity)
{
var success = false;
if (productEntity != null)
{
using (var scope = new TransactionScope())
 {
var product = _unitOfWork.ProductRepository.GetByID(productId);
if (product != null)
{
product.ProductName = productEntity.ProductName;
_unitOfWork.ProductRepository.Update(product);
_unitOfWork.Save();
scope.Complete();
success = true;
}
}
}
return success;
}

/// <summary>
/// Deletes a particular product
/// </summary>
/// <param name="productId"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public bool DeleteProduct(int productId)
{
var success = false;
if (productId > 0)
{
using (var scope = new TransactionScope())
{
var product = _unitOfWork.ProductRepository.GetByID(productId);
if (product != null)
{

_unitOfWork.ProductRepository.Delete(product);
_unitOfWork.Save();
scope.Complete();
success = true;
}
}
}
return success;
}
}
}

Job done at business service level.Lets move on to API controller to call these methods.

Setup WebAPI project:

Step1 :
Just add the reference of BusinessEntity and BusinessService in the WebAPI project, our architecture becomes
like this,
Step 2: Add a new WebAPI controller in Controller folder.Right click Controller folder and add a new controller.
We get a controller as follows,

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Web.Http;

namespace WebApi.Controllers
{
public class ProductController : ApiController
{
// GET api/product
public IEnumerable<string> Get()
{
return new string[] { "value1", "value2" };
}

// GET api/product/5
public string Get(int id)
{
return "value";
}

// POST api/product
public void Post([FromBody]string value)
{
}
 // PUT api/product/5
public void Put(int id, [FromBody]string value)
{
}

// DELETE api/product/5
public void Delete(int id)
{
}
}
}

We get HTTP VERBS as method names. Web API is smart enough to recognize request with the name of the
VERB itself. In our case we are doing CRUD operations, so we dont need to change the names of the method,
we just needed this . We only have to write calling logic inside these methods. In my upcoming articles of the
series, we will figure out how we can define new routes and provide method names of our choice with those
routes.

Step 3: Add logic to call Business Service methods, just make an object of Business Service and call its
respective methods, our Controller class becomes like,

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Web.Http;
using BusinessEntities;
using BusinessServices;

namespace WebApi.Controllers
{
public class ProductController : ApiController
{

private readonly IProductServices _productServices;

#region Public Constructor

/// <summary>
/// Public constructor to initialize product service instance
/// </summary>
public ProductController()
{
_productServices =new ProductServices();
}

#endregion

// GET api/product
public HttpResponseMessage Get()
{
var products = _productServices.GetAllProducts();
var productEntities = products as List<ProductEntity> ?? products.ToList();
if (productEntities.Any())
 return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.OK, productEntities);
return Request.CreateErrorResponse(HttpStatusCode.NotFound, "Products not
found");
}

// GET api/product/5
public HttpResponseMessage Get(int id)
{
var product = _productServices.GetProductById(id);
if (product != null)
return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.OK, product);
return Request.CreateErrorResponse(HttpStatusCode.NotFound, "No product found for
this id");
}

// POST api/product
public int Post([FromBody] ProductEntity productEntity)
{
return _productServices.CreateProduct(productEntity);
}

// PUT api/product/5
public bool Put(int id, [FromBody]ProductEntity productEntity)
{
if (id > 0)
{
return _productServices.UpdateProduct(id, productEntity);
}
return false;
}

// DELETE api/product/5
public bool Delete(int id)
{
if (id > 0)
return _productServices.DeleteProduct(id);
return false;
}
}
}

Just run the application, we get,

But now how do we test our API? We dont have client. Guys, well not be writing a client now to test it.Well
add a package that will do all our work.

Just go to Manage Nuget Packages, by right clicking WebAPI project and type WebAPITestClient in searchbox
in online packages,
Youll get A simple Test Client for ASP.NET Web API, just add it. Youll get a help controller in Areas->
HelpPage like shown below,
Running the Application:

Before running the application, I have put some test data in our product table.

Just hit F5, you get the same page as you got earlier, just append /help in its url, and youll get the test
client,

You can test each service by clicking on it.

Service for GetAllProduct,

For Create a new product,

In database, we get new product,

Update product:
We get in database,

Delete product:

In database:
Job done.

Design Flaws

1. Architecture is tightly coupled. IOC (Inversion of Control) needs to be there.

2. We cannot define our own routes.
3. No exception handling and logging.
4. No unit tetsts.

Conclusion
We now know how to create a WebAPI and perform CRUD operations using n layered architecture.
But still there are some flaws in this design.In my next two articles Ill explain how to make the system loosely
coupled using Dependency Injection Principle. Well also cover all the design flaws to make our design better
and stronger. Till then Happy Coding You can also download the source code from GitHub.

My other series of articles :

MVC: http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/620195/Learning-MVC-Part-Introduction-to-MVC-Architectu
OOP: http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/771455/Diving-in-OOP-Day-Polymorphism-and-Inheritance-Ear
For more informative articles visit my blog.