cpA cpA A vG|

Sakht & Tolid

1386 opy ,koB^ oBy ,oB^ Bu

-ApO :G RBHOB BuoA z : v pl qBPA IcB z

Iran Manufacturing & Production Magazine 15875/8311 PvK l pqpG ld xl
September 2007 ,AkAq@ j, ApO :rp pPk xok@ pqpG ld xl :pGkpu z
Serial No.14 QHS qA pOBG ,A IHc pPk j
License Holder and Editor in Chief: 2lcA,1|0 N ,ApPgA ^ ,AcA :BoqBG RBHO pl z
Mohammad Barzegari
|660289067|8:wO| z W }Bu xl
Commercial & Advertising Manager:
)O BA ok xBO( 44124131
Siavash Jalali
B O oBy pO Ro ok :oBy A AoB z
Correspondence
Ap p qA X lp| ,Bo p^ :Bul
P.O. BOX 15875/8311 Tehran Iran
B O oBy 09121859068 BvcA ,BBGp Bu ,Yg
Tel:
.ly BW Ao llW ,Ap kByp ,l By ,kArcp
(+9821) 66028906-8
www.irmpm.com
Fax: Bo ,B kAk ,WBO lu
[email protected]
| | BDBv pPk ,ApO
(+9821) 66028906-8 G@ p : ApP| z
Bg ,qBu kBu Qpy qA pzO BG
Mobile: o kBy :Bd NB^ z
(+98) 9121859068
Bo Bo pPk
)2 ,|49 j,|14 pP , Zp h kBW(
www.irmpm.com plqXBGBOpzAIB
E-mail: [email protected] .QuAqBXv l|p BoK :fAp| z
Bly HcB Blv p l rpK :Ao@|d| z
.Qv pz p Br

2 RAr orO pHB

6 SpW kGpg|GqA oO 6
9 fA kgCNC
10 @BkpGoB ro CNC oArGA ByB
14 IKID qA yoAr
18 ?kp)R| P(|puqBu oBqp CNC B|BPuk BG AO ^
22 t Bx| pK
26 HuG kplHv^qA pW B|Ao
28 {zBHB ApG kA JBhPA
34 PuKpO QgBy}o ul Bp|K
37 pA
u Bu 38 CATIAoArA|pqA OB
koB^| oBy 42 ?ky| OBGo spK Po GqA UBG Qpy oBBQ|uBuB@
|1386 o py 46 )oB^| Qv( ul Bw | ApO|
ISSN 1735-5419 :BKBy
 RArorO
pIB
Metal Injection Molding
,BBGpBuqA WpO
RoBK kBu QpyqA B ul xByoB
[email protected]
:l -1
:RAr orO pHB -2 oBGok fAp Bul G Buo A cAp BAo A qA l |
r ro RAom @ok QuA lAp M | IM| B RAr orO pHB | | ko GA UdH A. )M | IM(.QuA RAr orO pHB B QGB
h h Iv^ BG QuA 2| 0m| m | | qA pP^B B@ qAlA G GBPukM | IM| lAp qBuG QWok Ao cApok kBPuA
qA HpO kBPuA ko Iv^ .lk zO Ao BPuk Aog ly .lk eO kBPA d
pBu B QupO B PuKpO kA By lAO lA @ kA
oBvG orO yB uO wLu ly PgBu Bg kB .lyBG B|krA
.ky| orO IB |pc gAk G ,QuA PuK orO BPuk GBz
B OoApc RB uO lk zO Ao Iv^ kA pTA wLu
O o gAk RB cp A ok .lo G qA ByOoApc
B |qAlA kpG G qA BA lB BG BO ly kAkoAp yW
%98+ Xc pW BG ly PuAg y G kr B XP .kpG Ao kg 10 Rl G Ao |MIM | RB Bo PpzK B Apu Qpy
A p ok .lyBG pg@ cp lAO cp A G PvG .QuA P A Bp qA kplO ldP RBA kolG ok Bu
.kyBXA @o lBGr pk RB Ro IW BkpGoB qA u G Ao WO |MIM| lAp QB .QuA
pPXAo .QuA kppK oBr B lAp ok Ao g M | IM| }o BAok Ao RBBHOoA ,yrK B lAp A A BoAqBG BA .l
koB^ oBy - l O QgBu

Bg IB BAr p ,ly| A Puk u ok oBr Byo .lyBG|

,Puk ^ RBOA Ro G ^ koAlBPuA oByB B} | o .loAk Aokg qA ZoBg cAppA .QuA BK cAp A | BAo BO B A
sApO ok kBq l`K B l`K BG kBq sApO B lHuB OB ApG }o qA kBPuA z ,lyBG lG RBd ok ly O GA
,kld cAp l`K kBq sApO BG RB A Puk ApG .loAk Pp M | IM| BkpGoBxByoB BG BHOoA ApG .kG lAh M | IM|
l`KoBvG RB BA ky kBPuA yW O RB B xpK qA BHB .lpG xBO ApulvkA Bo QpyBG cAp oBG ok BAo

2
 Metal Injection Molding
lyBG kBPA ppG IB Q ypu lyBG oAl G lBG l
.QuA 10000 lO kAlO ApG Alc lAp A ApG
Ao M
| IM| }o `@ :oB yB ApG oAyk l`K ul p
oBgAou,BP BgAoulO ApG @QGB lB WO IBW
.QuA BS oByB G qB lG PvG BvApO BG gAk Bp
.QuA kpQGB BG P lc A BO Ao M
| IM | }o ,lAp Qg A
lO oByB B p Pho ,kBu oBupK uO lAPG A pA
Bcp G .kG lAg pO kBuoBvG ko M | IM| }o ApG BPcA ,ky
BHB yBG PyAk kBq ul l`K BG Xc BG A P
qA oBvG QuA okB }o A B ` .QuA IhP }o M | IM|
RAr B@ ok |(17-4HP,316L, 304L)| q l Bk
ok l pHB Ao PvO BsB@ w ,|kovar| T pk
.l| kBXA Ao Oz Pu k p Byo

,p BHB ,sApO {ArA BG .ly| lO k p Pho }o BG

B M
| IM| }o .kplAgo@Bq ApAo k pPho }o
@oB yB )+| 10000 | sApO ok( kG BG sApO BG l`K
.kG lAg lku,lyBGoAyk

okK B qAlA ok lBG kB r^ p qA {K :yW O QGB BG kA cAp A -3

ul kA qA oBvG .lyBG xpPuk ok )2| 0m| qApP^( pPzG kplAg E Ao Bypq A qA kBPuA BG cAp
,lyBG xpPuk ok ro B Ak BG okKpA .lkW yA G B@ r G WO BG lAp oBGokpq RB| .lpG M | IM| lAp qA Ao Wpg
ly yW O QGB RAr ApG .kG lAg lG cp yW O :kpoAp WO ko lBG lO QGB
.lyBG lk {A ArWA oAl AoAkokK QuA A G | | :r JBhPA A
| | .ukAoAppB ,B RAr , B lylvA g G pBu.)ApAok (lupPuk ok M | IM| lAp ApG kB@Ro Gpq kA
lvA kBu G u ( pG :lyBG oB pq kA qA lBG P| IM| IpO .lylAg O QuAgok Rook kA
lylvA (r ,)oAp u( Jpu,)oAp u( W ,) ly 1| 7-4PH| ) ly yW O ( q l k|
B ( r ,)B( lu,)oAp ( o ,)loAp @lvA r 1| 7-4 HP| )H | 900| Apy( q l k|
xBA ,) B ( BPBO ,) lylvA ( @,) lylvA | ISI 316L| q l k|
A
oAlBKB ( lA T RAr B lvA ,) lys| inter| lApokoAlBKB ( | ISI 304L| q n k|
A
.) lylvA B ( BPO ) lys| inter | lApok BG g BG w|
koAk Ao orG RB lO QGB M | IM | }o :^BPHv kBGA | -NI-Fe( PvO ur|
| | )W
l qBG kBok Ao pP { kA |r ,kypPorG ^p )k| ovar( F| 15 sB@|
koB^ oBy - l O QgBu

100 q BG OB .l| lHO G lc qApO BK A rGAoM

| IM| }o CuMo (85Cu15Mo)|
PHA .lk {ArA Rly G Ao M | IM| }o o pG lAO pP B p cAp RBc J
qBG Qv kB B@ oBGok lyPBGok `@Qv koA ,qAlA ByM| IM | lApo G cAp ApG lpB
BG BPHv Xc BG RB BT ApG .ky JBhPA B@lO ApG M | IM| .loAk kW lO kAlO l`K
ApBg G Bp ly lOM | IM| }o G BK lO sApO BG OB qBGM
| IM| }o kBPA o pGok Ao { lO Q:BG lO

3
 Metal Injection Molding
PyAk kW B eupA Qv op ko A| :|QhO fu BG Roz AklX .QuA oAyk oBvG Pu Byo G B@ oByB
poAp yW O B ok ,ky A @BG lAPG lyBG yo M| IM | }o B@lpG O kplAg By G BuByoB
p QApG Ao uByoBB r kG lAgpO kBuoBvG . B QuBypko ApG G
.lk {Bky
| IM| lAp ok WoBg B qo gAk B qo | :|B qo
M
ko lAO `K `B gAk qo ko ok .lA lO GB
RB ApG ok Bg RBhz BG gAou B kp oAp kBPuA
.ky kBXA BS
ly kAk y {AlW g ok lAO WoBg B qo
{AlW g pPkBXA UBG BO kycAp lAO ^QhO eu
.kykz

| IM :| oBGok A YAo B {upK

M
OB B pPho ,kBuoBupK BG r Bd Aq lAO M | IM|
sApO l`K pA BA lQGBo ly lO kBu oByB uO
.kG lAg IuB BM| IM | lyBG BG lO
:RAr orO pHB ApG cAp Z| |
koA ,QuA lyPgByIhP lAp A G M | IM| B qA
Ao lAp BlAo BO ly Bd cAp ok lAO lA ly hz
| | .lk {ArA
G ly IB pc koA Q gAk qA lBG kA :B QQ
lk qBWA ky A pO|h o BWok @lAo
?koAk kW yW O xpK lAp M | IM| G OBO ^ BQ | .lGB BpW pc gAk G z I B O lG kB
IB ok Iv^ oAl Ap GrokK yW O xpK lApok ok {OrpO UBG QuA lyA `B B oAk pGo BPv
pPzG M| IM| Bc ok .ky yW O wLu kpz ky Pho .lylAg }W g Pop ,pc kBXA GpX lykB
G ly kAk RoApc BA okK h .QuA PuK orO lAp Hy lG B kyfA xoB QBcok lAO lB BG o QpSA
B RBO .ky orO IB ok G wLu l@ ok pg Qo .kykkq oByB uO r Rook yW O qA
: qA lOoBH }ok A B A ||
kld GBPuk GB ul y yW O xpK }o ok :A| | ok B PuK qA pPly orO r BX@qA :| |qAlA pG QGB
GB HBW ok G Ao BgAou oAk `B B ,B U | ndercut| .QuA ok lBG qAlA pG Aq An lp oAp BoA ko xoB QBc
G qB lG koA A | M| IM | }o BG Bc ok .lPv GBPuk gpG k o ok kG 2| | qApP^lBG Aq A .kyHO IB
.lA GBPuk GB BS oByB .kyA {AlW
M| IM| }ook .QuA GBPuk GB B^okpk A RBO :BBS qA lBG ,QuA lyoAlBPuA BuBpW p ApG oB :kA BpW
}o ok Bc ok kpAlK Quk %98 klc PgA Xc pW G AO G A ok .ky JBPWA lyBG BW p rO B y B H
koB^ oBy - l O QgBu

O xpK }o G OB .QuA %85 BO oAl A yW O xpK kBPuA )B n| otch| ( BoByqA AO ,koAk kW 9| 0 | BAq sBP Rop
) pOBPuArA oBupK ( lyH | IP | lAO ly lO yW kBPuA B y B H ApG 0.005 " By qA ky O .kp
eu BO PHA lk {ArA %92 BO %90 G Ao Xc pW oAl lAO A lc QBh BG ( lyBG QgA B oAk QBh QuA pPG .ky
.Qv QgA lk oAppSBO QdO Ao WoBg pO A QuApPG lyBG op QBhpOpA Ropok .) 00| 30.|
ok lPv 2| 0mq|A pP^M | IM| ok kBPuA ko okK RAom :BTBS .lyBG p XolO

4
 Metal Injection Molding
)p | .0015w
| ApO 0.5in .lyBG p 150 BO 100 qAlA A yW O xpK }o
:IB G Gp B {upK
oBPA AO Ao duQ^M | IM | uO lylO qA PuK orO BHB BG OBO ^ ly PgBukA ^qA BI|B
?QyAk ?loAk
}o qA BPv )p R| a 0.8 | ( aA p R| a 32 | euQ .ly PgBulyoBPhuoArGA k ,A | 2 | k qA BI | B
AO A qApPG PG lG {K Ro ok kpAlK Quk M | IM| eu QgAkpK PuK orO BI | B BI
| B A G A RBO BO
.luo {AlW o G IB fu ApG 8 eu QG B .QuB@
| | .oAk qB Bu@
?QyAkoBPA AO Ao PhuAr ^ M | IM| lApqA
q l k ApG ,BAo o G . koAk PvG kB G A ?ky kBPuA A Bg kB ApG Hv^ ^
29-39HRC PhuBG lyyW O G AO |17- 4HP| A kB Xc %50 lPv B PuK qA h B Iv^ A
38-42HRC G Ar A lG OoApc RB BG PHA .AlK Quk | | | .lk zO Ao
| | .luo lAg ?koAk kW lO IB MBOOpK IB G OBO ^
| | ?ko oBPA lyM | IM| RBqA A Xc pW ^ G MBOOpK IB .OBO a yBG PyAk oBpu lAp BG P BO
.lPv lok 99 BO 97 qBGok B lyM | IM| RB ApG B^ .ky QHTO kg BW ok ky kqBW IB lG ok OpvA Ro
.ko@Quk G MBOOpK IB ok Ao lO IB koA BO AO
| | ?kplO M | IM| }o G Ao B qo AO B@ OBOA Bz`B lAO MBOOpK IB BT ApG
eu . kplO RBc gpG G WO BG Ao WoBg B qo BXA Puko G lBG RB qA gpG lyBG PyAk Ao koAk lO IB
gAk B qo AO ` . lqBu IB {AlW g ok QhO p G .QyAk lAh pBAo Pvu l`K BPMBOOpK IB .ky
kBXA gAk ok jAou B kpkBXA `K `B qA kBPuA BG Ao QB k G .ly O fA pO kBu OpvA BHB A Bc
| | .qo lG RBok Ao @wLu kp lAg pOBG lO BHB G QHv lO u Bq BHB A Puk
BXA Bc ok q cAp B lyBG PyAk llW d pPz pA .kG
.kG lAgpO p G MBOOpK IB ,lyBG

cAp B QuA A MBOOpK IB qA kBPuApk Qr

QgBuBcok lO IB BqBO Ao l RB lO AO lyBXA
oAk B qp G lO Ar ly P BG ok oB .k AkA QuA
?k oBG@Ao lyM| IM| AO B@ kG lAg lO Q lk Bz RB Bc A BG l AlK {B
k p ByopBuBG lylO RB o OBp AO .G .lGB {B@BG GB kyrBW lO IB Bq qA Q
.kAk BXAr RB A o Ao ky BXA
|Morgan Advanced Ceramics - Alberox Products| IB u G lAO ) 20 BO 10 G ( kAlO pP
|225 Theodore Rice Blvd.| QyAk lAg qB pPz ,luo BOA G kAlO A P .kylO MBOOpK
|New Bedford, MA 02745, USA|
|Telephone: 1 508 995 1725| BHB uO ly lO RB Q qA A kqAkpLG Ao lcA Q
|Fax: 1 508 996 6954| .QuApPzG lypm BGok k G lO
koB^ oBy - l O QgBu

|e-mail: [email protected]|
|www.morganadvancedceramics.com/contact.htm| : RBhz
?l AlK Quk BvApO ^ G |
| 0.003" / 1.00" |
p ok ,QyAk Ag Ao | .003| wApO1in p ok B A G (

5
 lBylq RBX G lAO Bc A PvAk| |
|By Larry Dunville, Contributing Writer|
|July 10, 2003|
lO QgBuul lyoA xByoB l ByBgqA WpO|
oBvG Qcok .loAkoAlz Iv^pG Rd BO BHpO qpA
| | .loAk oAlz q B Ap^ ,Iv^pG B@qA
Bylq Pc RArXO c G QuokB oO 6 A qA A
.l

oBG BA
lqBu .kG Ap SpW oBG BA ApG Qv q:QuokB oO
.QuA Pppok BG BA Ip @cAp ok SpW

G l^p .QuA SpW oBGok oO pPBpg A :QA

ko ok A BA ly PgBu BG BA Ip BG SpW BPv
.Qv kB SpW BPvpBu
koB^ oBy - l O QgBu

BA Ip ky PyAn A qBu ok SpW Pyn A qA

Ip PyAk uAG l vX Ao oBG BA BG SpW .koAl GBz
.QuA kBPA Pho p qBu u ,qBu qApOBG BA
lpBc [email protected] lpg lqBu pPAqoA qA qBu SpW| |
pO BA RArXO BPc lqBu pPAqoA oO A BG Ao kg lq

6
 ?llG Quk qA kpG oBG SpW BA ApG Ao QuA lz QuAgok
1974 Bu qA .lyBG oBG BA ApG Bd G rX BpGBG qA gpG BO lAlG QuA
BOA u BSpW ko ok A BA lA lyoBG BA qA QBd Pvu G rX pXq BSpW
| | .QuA kBP
ok .ly I pGBG p o loAk kW IuB Q BG oBG q kp ^ BoArGA
.Qv hO GB @q Ar z^ Ro G lyBG lz oAnP @q vW o Oo
Qv oOApKA uO p aK kp y c ok lyBG ly hz q oBG Ar Bq Pc
G {K ApG E u Q AqoA oBG BA kp ^ oArGA A .l@ {K kBq Rz
.QuA SpW oBG BA qA yB oBHp RApg

B oBG lylz
c @BG Bu@G Ao k AO ApGBG koAk JB BqAlA GpGBG :QuokB oO
.QuApGBG Qp qApPBE q .k
BlqBu vu l G .QuA u BSpW BG oBok RBBHPyA pP qA A :QA
ko@BK kpG BG ApG BpGBG oG BSpW ,Bp@SpW BlqBu XA SpW
| | .ly cAp BvWA k
gAk qA uRBA oBvG A A .l kBXA klP p@pg ApyB oBG lylz
Iu@IW l kBXA {Bu B pk Bu Qpc QW g ok ky ZoBg {o
kBq {O kBXA UBG kg A kog aKod ApA lyZoBg qA uB.ky u
.ky u gAk ok
OByA qA ky G {K GB p zO kBXA UBG B oBG ly lzA pk
pO A oAnoBG ^ p kBuBT A G .QuApOlGr lBG {K uApG QuA
Wok 45 Aq BG vW lz.QuA ly cAp @p qA pPzG @BOoA QuA k Ro G K
K pO Pvy IW QuA Pc l kBXA Sp^ o Bv A k BzO
| | .)lyBG r Sp^ Qp qApP@q QuA @kW BG(ky SpW

)BG lc aDu(BG aDuQ

lc G BW BO BOoA pOBG BO Ap@lAO l lG Ao r^ pGBG P :QuokB oO
.kpHG BG lkogpG SpW BG
ApG SpW ok BG lc aDu .QuA BHPyA oBvG Bc ok l@ Quok pG wc A :QA
oArGA QuA A oArGA @ .QuA ly cAp BG J X kogpG qA pW
r SpW u QB ok lp G J l BG lc aDupA .OB
.ky Bo oBG kplAh
A qA .ky PyAnoBoAk u BS aDu lBG lyBG qB ko OB BG lc aDu pA
koB^ oBy - l O QgBu

oBqA .ky }Bg OBOA SpW lPG oBqA B BG lc OB BG lc aDupA p

oOApKA G IOpO A G l }Bg QuA BW pOBGok Bq Ao SpW ,BG lc aDukBPA
^ kAk hzO AO kz BXA Quok Ro G z upA .QuA l@{K z lB
Ao oBG SpW lPA oBqA aDuk p DBW BO ko {K oB QuA kBPA oBqA A aDu Bq
.l Bo

7
oB k A QuA kBPvB B SpW Bq BO x k kq )oApA(BS rpO
| | .l| lG AO wK loAk oApA rpO BSpW :QuokB oO
ok BA .ly oBG O IW pO l BSpW ok oB A BXA .kpoBoBG kpG BG dpq Iu@qA Ap
BG Ppc py B O p )lx(oOoA BG llW BSpW BA l@ B pG H RAoO lB r oO A| |:QA
BXA ly Pp p ok oB A ApG Qpu {B Mo qA kBPuA A rpO lBG BSpW .QuA Bpg QB G oB A BdPA
lAlK {BQpulBG kBPvA ApG HOA lB Quok .ky| Ro G A rpO pG BSpW .lyBG PyAk oApA
| | .kpz Ao qBAlK lBG Qpu pOBG G luo ApG rpO ,pG p QA Ro ok lG .loAk Ao QuA o rpO
.koAk Ao oBG ky ApHW pG p Bq BO
Aqo uoqBG B BS rpO A G B rpO qA SpW BlqBu gpG
oB ApG r qpA ApGBG QuA kp oB qpk SpW : oO qA )B@ %80 klc( BlqBu pBu .l kBPuA oApA
.QyAk lAh z .l kBPuA | r e g e n e r a t i v e b r a k e
ApG lB pPG Bc ok pO kBu Aqo uoqBG :QA .koAk Ao oBG lPA oB qA A rpO Bq ok B rpO
kAlO BA QuA PuAg BPpyqA Ao @O | SHA| .QuA SpWoBpP qA {G BkpGoBApG l lO kBq BprpO A l^p
oAl upK oc G qB uoqBG A .lA kp QA RBXBgoB qA QuA AprpO A A G .ky kBPuA kBq BOoA ok B O 30
oBA .l QBA BXA ApG Qv ^ PyAk koAl .ky| kBPuA @qA RolG qpA
:kp oBQy AlPGA ok Ao oOApKA Q qA k klc Bq ok QuA A |regenerative brake | oBGok BO GB Qc
Qv Pok SpW [email protected] G duB | | | | .koAk Ao oBG A rpO kp
@qA r^ B@?QuA kBP q o @qA A B@?loBQuok Bq ok oBA BXA .kBPvA oBG c Bc ok SpW pq lBH B`
?ky lk @ok Iu@B kogpG qA A Bz ?QuA Ar@ .ky p r Gp GpX lAO QuA kAq@ly Bo ApG oBG
kB p Al B@ .l } SpW oB G py Al G| |
luo q kr B BG lc aDu G J P B@ ?ly| QpupPApG QzpG k qA kBPuA
A BXA qA H ApGBG loAl DBK lc aDuBSpW PHA( ?lPvA ApG Ao pPPcAo l Qpc QW ok SpW P : oO
Ro Quok K Qpc B@ ).l Roz BoB QupKpu BG QvO .QuA x Qpc k BG Bkq ,Qpu pP
k BO B@?l Qpc Puok G RBW ok SpW B@?kp| SpW Qpu pP ApG Ao Pyn ok }o A :QA
g BPA ok SpW B@?loAk GBO Qpc BG RBW O B qAlA G [email protected] pPu pPorG BoPBP BoO Apq .QuA kG
?lPvA| qpA BoPBP BoO .llApK Ao Bp lkG orG B
Ao llk kB SpW uoqBG ok `@Aqo uoqBG d ok| | xokq kBPA oB qA G B@ok Bp kW lPv pO oW W
pG ok luo BPm G g A ok r^ pA wLu .lrG O | | .QuA RB
.lAoBK BrpO qA kBPuA |(OSHA)|yQA QuoAkA 1970 Buok
QuA koA qA DrW BO ly oByA B@G BXA ok PuokB RAoO .ly A {ArA QW ok B A .kp A oBHWA Ao SpW
lBG A koA By B@BA .ky Pppok lBG SpW A ok Qpu ok Aok kBXA IW Bg oBG Qpu o BrpO O
Ao 6 A BPBApA BylyE wK .lPv lyQBo .ky pk oBG
.loBG py lG lA|kpLupBg G Gg G BrpO xBvc pPA RB qA QBc ApG }O ok
ApG Ph Byo BlqBu ,kp oBHWA Ao B@qA kBPuA O | SHA|
koB^ oBy - l O QgBu

kpDAoApP A| C| lx qA kBPuA BG SpW| s| top| s| tart| kHG

` .lk Ao Qpu {B {ArA B d BoArGA A .lA
oB G Bk Ro G Ao rpO k nc Ao oO BoPBP B@
| | .lqAlA|
Apq .Qv G rpk Qpu pPApG x k kq

8
 l fA Ao ByBpG Bykg C
| NC| B ppP
qBukBu QpyqA WpO
|By Peter Zelinski

.lGB {BBq QynpSA ok R@yB kp p A kpRkB B

RoBH G lk kHG Ao kg kp lfA Ao kg BBg lAO oArGA yB B@BA
?lpPG Ao }kg lAO yB B@pk
PvukoAk kW (| Charlottesville, Virginia)GE Fanuc qA C| NC| yB A
.QuAC| NC| kp fA G okB Pvu A .koAk |"Learning Control"|pkB pPB G
ly ro BpG pv BG Ao A ly kKpv QuA okB C| NC| yB ,p kB pP BG
QW |CNC | yB QuA A G HylG ok .lB HuBd Ao Bg lvB
Ao Bq u G lk kHG Ao Qk BO yB .l| fA Ao kg BpG Bg {B
5 ok pAoPB BT ApG .ly oByB pOBG Qpu BG ByA l G
Qk @ lG lGB {B G QuA lG ApG ky oByB BS
| | .ky oByB
k oByB ok ky py , Pvh oByBqA lG RB kHG A| |
k qApPG u ApG kypPG QpupqA Qkp qA oByB u
|GE Fanuc| upK P G BA .lyBG PyAk AkA 24 BO QuA Ao A ly lAg
.lyBG 8 BO 5 qA lGpTAlc kHG rB
Q AqoA B yB A .lPv fA GB pnKoApO BBg }o A ok PHA
BkpGoBok QuA P AqoA yB p BA .loAl Ao Q Ap B yB Qpu Qk
G .lyBG fA GBko GB lyBG QGBS @BBg pA lyBG Qk BG pu hz
.kAk BXA k BoBQ AqoA R@yB BG AO| |Learning Control| BG pk RoBH
ApG kp kB kg BBg ko ok C| NC| `@lyBG PyAk pBg G
ly pA BA l fA lG B ok B ApG Ao BBg A QuA
BBg BPuk BO ly lO BgBG A RB ky @ApG lBG fA u
koB^ oBy - l O QgBu

A learning feature allows the control to BpG qA AO| ky lO lAhG ly lO H A qA A Puk oBGk pA BA .lGBG Ao kg
find and address the machine's posi-
tion error, allowing the machine to get .kp kBPuA BPuk Bco k ly pgm
progressively better at machining a .QuA lB G kAlO B O lO ApG }o A
particular part.

9
 1
roCNCoArGA ByB
@BkpGoB

Yg lp
pPvAol QpyB ul lyoA xByoB
f| [email protected]
A G Ao B BHcB ,o@ A G Bu@upPuk Br B lyBG By@)kl pP(| NC o@ BG r By BE
.lB kBPuA sO A qA lAPG G PyAkAp G o@ A qA hu BWp BPcA lA ly Ap@B oBG Alc
qB pnKoApO l`K ,kBq O ,BG Qk G @ok l@pp { BPm ok P pK ByB qA pO l@ B
T,|lB okBHP m G Ao kl pPo@ qA kBPuA lA ,lyBG kG Quok H Bu 30 ok Alc oO A QuBy BG c PHA .klG|
BG Qk G qB lBy )oBQH( J^ opG oBlppSA B Qlg ok ArA r BG (| CNC)| o@ A Apq ,QuA
ky UBG Bp l`K BA ,lyBG PyAl Ao P lB W qA ok pu QpzK BG qpA BA ,PyAk oAp orG
B koAkA )oArGA A G( o@ A qA kBPuA G r Ao lp Pc u o@ A QuA PpnK Ro B pPA ,A BAo
G lO A G Ao P RB QvBG BHOp Bv ^B ,orG B qA p lkp IHupA ly A
ApG lAO ,kp oAp lBCO ko BzBcp BO lk DAoA BBpoB ok o@ A BkpGoBA .lppG sO A qA lAPGr
BA B f p ok pO p lB p kBq Q p QgBu ly P kBq B`@ Pp P B B p
G lyBG PyAkAo A Bq B kB Bq p B lyBH pnK QuA PvBy B`@B@ G AO BOoBPy ok yG
.lk oAppl Ao C| NC| o@ poBGr pA QuA k A lAO @BkpGoB qA gpG G BO oByA ,QgAkpK
A qA lAO kBq Bplkphz BTk BG| | .lBpPu o@ A G QHv Ao BBlk pPyo Ao
A oAn Bpu BA Bp A BA ly l pG sO kBPuA ko B B q ok o@ A ly P B
oAn Bpu lAO oArGA O ApG lp T ,loAl kBq W qA lO Bl@p ok @ poBG G AO kp oAp
p A G AooArGA yB hP BcAp Ev A ,lk BXA kBq ... BypPA ,pPA hO ,oByW ,yBK o ,oByB
lyBG o@ A AoAk lB cAp ByB QyAkA ok @qA kBPuA sO A BkpGoB pO l qA .k oByA
pP o@ ol@ k kBPuA ^ B ok ByB A qA APG ko@C| NC| ByB B pA o G ,lyBG oArGA yB B
Qv By@P DBv BG hyPc kyPpoBG kBukl !QuA C| NC| }ApO qp ByB B oO ,ky
ok ok BBuok pB sO lB( .kp Qlg G Ao @lAPG BA Ao oBvG { BAo ,sO A ok lAk oB
koB^ oBy - l O QgBu

uO A Bgp BgrLy@ok @ ly PpoBG B B G @qB o@ A kG QAp k qA Pynok lB

)kp oAp kBPuA ko kBu G oAk Bg Bg oBvG QpzK BG pgA BBu ok .kG pP QW h B BAo
G ,ly ro C| NC| ByB lO cAp G pX BG rA A B BAo ,PpnK Ro oArA p pPA oArA Qhu ok Gg
,P C| NC| ByB G kG Hy kG koAlBPuApG o l@kW G Byrok pz^ {B,BzlypOlOol p
oAn Bpu Alc BG yq@B BoB ^ d ok lAPG {B .QuA ly xpPuk GB kl pP o@ k G
1 -Desktop CNC Machine Tools

10
 .lB BA kg lO BpPAoBK G R@yB A

|(Engraving) | Bc|
Bc l@p ApG B Byo
pO kp oAp kBPuA ko
Byo A .QuA By Byo B@
,loAl Ao q Qk B A pG
By Apy Bd G l@p pP
oBB .QuA oAyk r kp Qpu .lpoAp oAkpG pG ko oBB ByA A
ApG lAO oA By kA BG qB O pG BG PyAl kBq q Xc ByB A
oBvG rBW .lyBG p@ pg oOApKA lyPpoBG lAO BWp ok GB kBuoArA p BG Bg
ByB oByB ,l@p A IuB BOoBK@lcA ok lAPG ByB A Bq lyoO B` lBy
oBG lAO IuB A r BG Gg G QuA ro C| NC| oArGA .ly PpoBG I BPgBu u H ok A
@oB BoArA p BG R@ yB A qA kBPuA BG .ly Pp ok ByB A qA Gg BHPuA r B ozok ApgA BPhHyg
GB )By }o Qkld o( A kB p o pG Bc RB G r oBPy A ok ly u k G QuA ly Ph
,C| NC| sO BG Qpu k G pBc Bc ok .QuA BXA .kkpoByA ByB A BkpGoBqA A lrGpPzG By@QW
oBvG Bc RB ApG ro kl pPoArGA ByB qA kBPuA ro C
| NC| oArGA ByB P BkpGoB
.QuA ly up |(Milling & Turning) | oByApO oBqp|
| puqBu|
|(Rapid prototyping)
ly cAp B Bl lO BAO G pu qBu
ApPpPuA }o,Byo pO YAo qA lyBG BG Qpu BG
l , qA lG u A BAo l kBXA qA wK on }o BG .QuA
G B p ,lk zO Ao p ky q
o BG lkp z O Qhu ,kBXA G qo kA
pK pG }o A .ky PgBu lG u l B A oAn
oArGA ByB qA ApgA k G ,lyBG r pG Bq ,kG r qA BA k )p p qA( l`K RB QgBu }o JBhPA oA
Qk BG Bl kBXA ApG ro C| NC| qp ByB t G C| NC| ApP B lk qA ... J^ ,PuK ,p RAr ` kA
qBu Qkld llW y A BG ky kBPuA IuB Ppu koAk C| NC| k ByB G qB OB ^ QgBup qA .QuA kG
okg A B ok kBu G QuA Po G qA r orG Bl A oAn Bpu pk u qA )BG Qpu p l`K Q G(
}o BG r {BBG .ky kBPuA RB A QgBu QuBG oBvG P CNC ByB lpg ApG
r ^ BPpy wK A qA llW Ao kg { ro CNCoArGA ByB QuBXA .lylAg rpK
H Ao pu qBu lAp lAO Bpu ` Qpu ,Qk Qr k p lB BA Gg G
koB^ oBy - l O QgBu

.lyBG PyAk oBPgA ok kG rpK yo ApP qA oBvG ApgA QupA qA ,lyBG AoAk Ao A oAn
^ kA oByB q ok BT o G loAk Quk A qA BoB
lG uBc qBupAW| R@yB A qA kBPuA G l QB w B @,YpG
|(Jewelry) | qB O pG ^ BoB ok QvB Apq ,lB RokBH
BG p Q QuA B pc qA qBu pAW Q G Ao Qpu Qk pP BO lyBG kW ^B Bg

11
 P BoArGA BG HuBO lAO r @R@oArGA ly Ph@pl
,ly PgBu cAp pc A ok Bl Bcp .lyBG PyAl
R@yB R@oArGA qApA PyAk Ao kg Bg BPAp Bl`K
lAh PgBu BG QBG p Od ,kz Pp pG IuB
Pu QBc qA qBupAW Q ok qBvHB Bq ApGBG .ly
YAo ArA r ol R@yB qA kBPuA ,ly lHO ol QBc G
A cAp qA lAO ro C| NC| BPuk o G ,Qz

|(Electronic) | pPA Q|
kpG oB G r Q A ok Pc ro |CNC| oArGA ByB
By loAk pPA Q ok R@yB A BkpGoB .ly
oByB ,kBq B lO Xcok(| PCB)| KB^oAl BkpG oBgAou
BBK }pG Bc ,Q A ok kBPuA ko P B HW
OApGBh pPA BoPB BPu d oByB pPA
kBXA pPA BkpG QgBu ok Pc ByB A qA .lyBG
kBPuA v BkpG o pG pPA BBA G BHOoA Bpv
Rlok lAO fAp lypuoBvG kpG QgBu}o A BG kkp| .kpoAp kBPuA ko BzOd opG Bc cAp BO qBvHB
|(Model Making) | qBvl|
pc ok ro |CNC| oArGA ByB ApG oBzG BkpGoB
Bl pPho Bl QgBuW qA koAk kW qBvl
.ly PgBu AAp Qcq BG B O l^ Pu }o BG l`K
pk qA r oBLuA Bl ` ppO Bl QgBu

.lyBG ByB A BkpGoB

koB^ oBy - l O QgBu

kpGoBApgA r oB q ok ro C| NC| ByB qA kBPuA| |

G Bpu lyBG B oB xl p o G QuA PB AAp
.lB GBqoA QvO Ao @ PyAk upPuk kpG G BOBq |A G QuAokB ,lkoAp GBqoA ko Ap@ lGB Quk kg f p|
|(Education) | }q@| | RBDrW ,lG 3 Pc lG 2/5 ,lG k oByB }o G ByB|
rAp ro C| NC| oArGA ByB A AoAlpg qA oA .lB DAoA BG oBvG QBG Ao kg f p k|

12
 ly IHu oB|p W qA p B pc ok J^ }pG Pc P g BByq@ BBzAk ,BBPup W qA yq@
.lyBG B JBhPA pPG qA ro C| NC| oArGA ByB BO Xc Bd qA P C| NC| ByB BG yq@rAp rXO .lyBG|
ByB BkpGoBqA zhG BO ,lkpAoA IB ok `@ kBq r BG A oAn Bpup qA l| ByA B
A poBG }pPv ly oByA oBPgA G kG ro C| NC| oArGA rAp A QupA qA Qv p G pk ,RBlg oAl
QBG OAlO G pX RB BlqBu BllO G ok ByB ro C| NC| oArGA ByB BG kg BBoB rXO G RokBH
BO BBpnK O QuA eA .QuA lyB@G QGBo kBXApPG G Gg G Ao |CNC| B A pG on ByB .lB
BA A lyBG| A|u B sO qA kBPuA pok AoAk ,lk {yK Ao P koAlBPuA }q@ lq@ BXzAk
qo o@ BG oArGA ^ IcB QuA okB oAn|Bpu BG pP rAp pTA Bk BW ok .lyBG r yq@ BG A eu
.lO P BW ok Ao A FBG lAO ,kkp kl G BGp lyBG rX R@yB A G PpzK yq@
kW O@yB ^ BllO BcAp r B ozok BPhHyg BXzAk G kBu BGq G Ao Bk qo BsO ,R@yB A
AlAko@ApAoBA^gAkhPBpoBPzKBGloAk {ArA Q G ko qA H Ao BXzAk B|BAO kAk }q@kg
ApAPBWBGIuBPqosOBGozgAkokAoR@yB .lk
poAqBG G ApA ApPoB IvuO QWok lB lO cAp pG l u r RArXO A BlqBu pk u qA|
.lB BHOoA kBXA BG ,kg Rd ok }q@ Bg Apy k QBo
eu ,Rd qA p A BG ApP pPzG By@BG QuA lA RAlO ok kp QBok Ao B@yq@BqB yq@rAp BG Pv
B kg @oB{ArA BG lB QpzK BzA sO hO
.loAkpG ozP AlA kpHzK QW ok lG

pPv Aol Qpy llW RApO lBy qo p yq@rAp IOpO lG lB Bd kg

O BK r .lyBG yq@Apy BG Rd lypO IuBP
P Bd lpg lyQpG lr ByB A
CAD-CAM BoArA|p }q@B|ok lo|ArpG BO yq@rAp ly j v BHpO yq@rp ok @poBG
PowerMill ArtCAMProoArA p }q@ oAnBpuBG BApPzG kAlO G Od ^ lpg G QHv pPzG
fuok .lk Bz kg yq@Q{ArA c QWpP
WWW.SADRAFAN.COM |(Cutting) | lG k ByA oBypG|
}pG ^ BkpGoBok lG k Bp ly l`K Q G ApgA
77652767 -88504984 qv lG J@ BpyA }pG ,OBHO BGBO ok B Bz D
koB^ oBy - l O QgBu

13
 xl BGP
)I| KID( okg ApA P BI
| B QpyBpl
ApA qBvHB Q orG I
pqpG ld xl :O HcB
W }Buxl | |

AA ok .kG kp Al^ lyo kBP k qA H BO kBq Ql kW BG ApA qBvHB Q

B , okg spK pO BG ly py ApA ly qBuokg ApG lW }O kBP k
lO GAW pk Pu qBvHB .lly dPr qBuokg Puk BK PukBG
APzK BG qBvHB llW B Qpy An .lly| PgBu BW BkoAlBPuA BG B|IB lBG kH
{ B QpyA Rl A ok .llywuBO qo sO {Ak BG qBuokg B Qpy
koB^ oBy - l O QgBu

B IB Qpy , B Qpy A qA .lA PyAk ozqBuokg Q lyo G o lo ok

uopG G lyoArpG xl B@ Qpy A Qpl BG Pvz ok .QuA okg|ApA P
B@Qvz A ok .QuA lyPgAkpK ApA qBuokg Q ok BoBg qBuIB pPorG {
IKID Qpyulpl u xl B@ }ppl ArB@ ,RBBHOoApl Bzy
.lPyAk oc r |

14
 | |?QuA lyzO l ^ BG Bu^ ok I| KID| Qpy
r DAk Q B|IB QgBu cAp l BG I| KID| Qpy
oAlpg o kg ApA uO ly zO13 76 Bu o k o kg lG
IKID Qpy|
B pO o kg ApA P B|IB Qpy B G 13 78 Buo k ly
ok QuA okB
.QuA kA k
B|ko BO
,koAk plqBuokg
|?ky PgBuI| KID| Qpyok B IB qA p^
koAlBPuA GB Ao IB
G .kqBu| IB orG uP B|p BO ok I| KID| Qpy
Ao oBA A B kqBvG
l , vO |G5| BO |G1| Puk 5 G Ao B|IB pA ,pk RoBH
r WoBg BpPz ApG
. pO G | 3| G
| 2| ,G
| 1| B|IB ok AO| Ao Qpy B|QB
QuA kAk BXA
ok ,ly PgBu IB ok pA 206 okg I W Jok BT ApG
lp| oAp |G2| xok ,ly PgBu BAlW Alp pA G | 1| x
{y ok IB ok 206 p QuAo M^ RB ,q A ok
ok QuA kppO QpyA ApG okg ApA BOpuGB AlG .kp| oAp |G1| x p ok ly PgBu Qpy A ok cp
| spK o k QuA ly pPorG B IB QgBu koA I| KID lG B spK ApA p B|Qpy pk ok r A|cp BK G uP B|IB
ok A PgBu Ao orG uP IB B )405 B IB qBuqBG spK(D | 7 .ly| PgBuokg
Q BG lkG uBvc oBvG RB p u |B|IB 206 spK
B|IB |L90| spK o k|BO ly BO lo A lydO PgBu Q qBvHB Byp G lA kp pyAo lO qBvHB oBok r By
W lBu|kBG I lBu|kBG ,u ,p`ApPuA By lG A qBvHB oBok lO l r lO BqBvHB pTA B ?Qv qBvK
Qpy A o k ly f p o kg B IB pPorG A G Qpl Quok pA B pk lB qBvHB ?QuA ly PpnK B
.lAly PgBu yB By @BG B r G WO BG BA QuA o@ku Q ky
G lBG BA koAl BG ku hP p ,pGkA ,Q Ap R@
ApAok okg lG B IB BO QgBu Qp XP AO| ApGBG Qpy ok PuK oG pA .kp B @ G okB Q A
|?QuA pnLBA kuQ A kyPgBuIB PuKo G kypO spK qBvHB
,koAk plqBuokg B|ko BO ok QuA okB IKID| Qpy| BoAqBG koAk qBvHB Q Oz qA BA kG lAg o@
r WoBg BpPz ApG Ao oBA A BkqBvG koAlBPuA GB Ao IB ok ky kAk BWoA oB kBq Xc ok .Qv@
.QuA kAk BXA Qpy G B@r XP ok Qv oBBlcA qA G ApG r
Qpy ky A pA l@| kWG oBG ky| dO
?lA PyAk pk B ok PB B@ ,B A ok loHX qBvHB B Qpy An .llG op QuA
kG P RBlg DAoA Ro G pPzG B pBu BG oB lyBG Qpy ApG l@ok H lkBXA qBvHB oBok pk oB
BL Bp B Qpy BG Gg oB pBc Bc o k .QuA lO g ,oBG B kppK ApG qBvHB orG B Qpy
RBlg Ro G pPzG qB Q B ` A|PyAk l@ok gp^ BO loAk qBvHB oBok Ao RB pBu oBupK RB
.QuA kG oByB .loAk QGBS oA Ao kg
koB^ oBy - l O QgBu

PB Q A ok Ap^ koAk kW kBq B IB Bg qA B ok B lPv okg lG B IB BO QgBu G okB BypBc Bc ok B@

?lA|PyAl |?l| koA Z oBg qA Ao okg B IB qA G AqBuokg
BkoAlBPuA lpO kBuokg G QHv Bg qA B IB B Qpyok Gg BOpuokg ApA uO ApHBlpg Bq qA|
ok BA ly PgBu Bl lO kg uO pPzG loAk pO BK QpyA A|spK A QuA PyAk kWokg ApA P B|IB
.koAk Ao GBz B Q A BG oB kB@Qpy A Rop .QuA kG uP B IB ko ok luokg B X | 7| spK kA k BXA

15
BG ) okg lG lBu orG IB(W | 61 spK WqA WoBg spK koAlBPuA A ^ kp| Q A koAlBPuA GB B H
.lyBG| QuA ly BXA o Qpy ApG P| CI | Qpy oB ly A Q kG B Q BG BsApO BG qBuokg Q ApG
g Q BG sApO G qBr B A kH PGBo BpBuApG
?QuA kG ^ L| 90 | spK ok I| KID| { QuA ly pO|IKID| koAlBPuA B G llW oAlBPuA An loAl B
olO spKok A JBhPA BoBg qBvHB pPorG A GI| KID| Qpy| IB ,Q @ B QuBvc lO sApO G WO BG pPz p ApG
By90olOp`ApPuA A RB B IB k G QuA kG 90 | | .lk kBzK Ao Bg
^ BXA .lA ly PgBu Qpy A ok QuA okg A RB pPorG
.QuA kGI| KID| QpyApG orG Q ,QBG euok A|spK G pXoc A B@A|kG lBy WoBg BzB l^ okAo By ocB
? QuA ly|IKID| ok llW B|spK
| |?QuA lyPgBuApA ok |L90|r RB B IB BO B@ ,l Pk BW p ok Ao Qpy A oc I| KID| BO pu
QuA kG gAk AqBu IB AO qA kBPuA pPzG o Qpy l l^ G B }O A XP Pv Ao AlPGA ok A kppy Ao oBA B
| ly oAnA I| KID Qpy G 90olO lG orG B|IB l QgBu
ozqA ZoBg ok pk kAlO gAk BqBvHB pBu uO r kAlO
.lA ly PgBu

pTA luspKok Oook lkpH uL| 90| spKqA ^AqBvHB

|?Qv^ Byp lkG lypok AqBvHB :Arxl
qA G BA lkBPuA gAk qBvHB AO qA QuA PyAk uo| B G llW oAlBPuA
.lkp IvAo q p o GBqoA upK ok AqBvHB A pO| IKID| koAlBPuA
p ApG QuA ly
BW lO gp^ G ApA AqBvHB AqBu kG oAp|L90 | spK ok sApO G WO BG pPz
|?QuA kBPA BOA I| KID| ApG A B@lyP @B|QuBvc lO
BoAqBG ok oc ApG B Qpy BAO koAk Qv k A| Ao Bg IB ,Q
koB^ oBy - l O QgBu

QB lPyAk BAO B Qpy .QuAo Qpy lO pk BW Q lk kBzK

kpkBPuA B@qAo Qpy kBPA BOA A B@qA G ApG lkp QuA PGBo B @
loAk Ao q BAO B QpypBuApG .lPB Ao BW BoAqBG G
BW }lO A G Bo G lAPG o oAlA Qv BykAlO
.lP }kg BW gp^ G Alc Ao BllO A lByLG

16
 oAk BpPz pBc Bc ok .ky BO B q BO ok BpPz |?Qv^ ouluspK 2| 06sd | spK ok I| KID | {
.QuA BXA Bcok PcAo GoBA lAg RBlg QBu qApP IB ok Pp Ro RBDrO ok pPzG ou lu spKok RApO|
oAk l 206 spK ok . QuA lz BXA Al^ RApO lG r B
| ? QuA A|cp ^ ok I| KID| G PvGA kpGoB BzAk .ly PgBuozqA ZoBg ok r kAlO I| KID | ok B IB qA kAlO
BoBPgBupq lyB BG BvA .QuA lyngA BzAk wuBO qX
BzAk A qAlA Ao lBy 86 Bu k ok okg ApA QBc BG |?lyPgBuozqA Z oBg ok oAk l 206 B IB qA G Ap^
.kG Ag kpGoB .QuA kG f p Qpy Qp UdGpPzG Bq @ok|

|?lyBG PyAk oB I| KID BG lAO| ^ AoBBK BC| MM|,odaKBqp.QuAAPpzKRArXOAoAkI| KID|Qpy

p|l Qpy p BO P B|BzB ok I| KID oc qA l B Qpy.loByQzA ApAok OBBApBupuAP ,or ,A qAok
q o k Bg IuB AoBBK BHk G G QuA kH ?lAlA lBG ^ lyBG R@yB A RBlgqA kBPuA BAg
p qA lAO AoBBK .A kG u p|Pho BoBg euok I| KID| Qpyp G kBA RBBA G WO BG
oAppG BHOoA Qpy BG QBu J lB ly pO BHOoA B| DAoA ApG Ph BoB Ao gAk BoAqBG G GBPuk tOApPuA
.ky| kBPuA B@ RBlgqA Pp oAp GB qoA ko l }p lcA BG xBO :By QuA ly kBXA Qpy A o k RBlg
Bl BO AoBBK lG QuA kp |IKID| pv o k Qpy p qA pAn lkqBG ,BP B Qpy uO Qpy
FBOoA ApG hz B|BpG GB o k |IKID| ly| pnK BA | Bz BG Qpy QBu qA kBPuA ,gA k B BzB
.koAk AoBBK .lyBG | w w w . i k i d c o m . n e t

| |?llqB pPzG OBlg ^ G pBc Bcok ApA G P I| KID| ^ l oO AqBvHB B Qpy qA G| |

lPv BG BsBO BG pPho GokB pPho B QpyG B qA G BG ` .kqBu okg|ApA ApG IB QuA okg
orG R@yB AoAk B Qpy G B spKqA G ok l qB PcAo G I| KID| ^ orG Pk QpyqA RBlg PpApP
.oAk qB lPv ozB Aok }ApO zg G BK ^ BykoAl QA ApA .kqoA }pukok G Qv
X ok BPAoB By RBcq qA Ak| q| |:pg@ hu IuB Q,Q BG I| KID ok P RBlg loAk X BHBh
koB^ oBy - l O QgBu

GB oz gAk ok P oBp oAk oBG lG .pzO lOQgBu ?ly BXA lyPuAg Bq ok

By lyBG PyAk kW oB BO ApP G lBG QuA BXA uO OBlg B spK BXA lyBG PyAk kW oO A lBy
lyBG PyAk { B|Qpy G oB pPvG kBXA ok lAO| }O ok I| KID| Qv oA ok BA QuA p|Bq Qhu I| KID|
By ApG lyBG pA A ok Ph B oB BG oAlA A ly pO BoBPgBuoBA QW lgAk B G BO QuA
.oAk Q qo@BPAoB QBo BO QuA PGBo koAlBPuA B BP QuA ly Pp p ok

17
BG AO ^
oBqp| CNC B|BPuk
?kp )R| P(|pu qBu

BXvo ZAok QpyqA B ul xByoB- kArcp BvcA qA WpO

|[email protected]|
|By: Kendrick E. Richardson |
|Al {hGok JA kBXA UBG )R| P|( puqBu o@
| | l@p pG BWA op
p BpG G| STL | B Qp BG| CAD |l kp koA BG l@p BO z BuBP . QuA ly Pyn kk qBu Q qA
G , kpvO f uqA A X GAo l oBkg llW oArA
Pu B|BoB qA gpG BO ly IW RBArA B kBXA , Bpu
lkBXA| CNC | qp BPuk o A cp Ro G Ap@lAPG A
BG B` oByB .l kBPuA| RP B sO qA lAP
| koAlBPuA BpG G Wpg RBA ,f u A .ky py pk pPG eu Q,BG Qpu ,BK r , Qk p BpPAoBK
.ky B oArGA Bpv eu p ApG BO lPv| CAM p kBXA QGB| RP A Qr .QuA| RP }o pG IB yo ,lA
kB lyJuo B Xc B ApWA RB JBO u G lG|u BgO ByA QgBuBT A G QuA l`K y ul BG A
ok rp Q .ky PgBu @f u oByB | | .QvpnK BA Pu oByB }o G
qBWApPzG kB Juo Bl@p ok ,ky| kAkpO l@pQuA luo Ao qA| CNC |pG PH| RP ,llW o@ QBok
RB p qA lG .kykBXA l@ {K B ul B f p lk| CNC | od l^ oBqp koAlBPuA B yB pG kplAg qBX Ao R| P
B@BO W BG BW BO , ky oByB lG eu ,JuokBXA gAk B ul B|pc , BAq , B l@{K .kpnK BXA|
ky| UBG kpG pd l@p A .lupG BBK G QgBu | oByB BG llW }o A u|G oBkg Ro G
pk gAk BXcA , l`K B l@{K koAlBPuA qp BBPuk l G| CNC pG PH| RP }o BXA QW .ly BXA| CNC
p BG Qhu Pu Byo ok Ao B ul Bcp | qp B yB | CAM oArA p ,S| TL B Qp BG| CAD koAlBPuA
pG PH BBp BO llW oArA p BpG .lB kBXA lPv
qA l pG ,Q l .QuA qB kB pIB kB C| NC
AkA G ApGoBQvBcok A l|okB Ao ul kBXA
G kAk }pG Ao| CAD |lBu l QuA ly oArA p
koB^ oBy - l O QgBu

.lqAkpK|| CAM koAlBPuA v BpG oByB RB BXA

,lykBXA }pG pok ,l O ApWA RB qA A|X
A ky BXA B@ oByB kA )Pho( oAnJuo RB
| | kA .ky PgBu BO ky oApO ol@oB
ok kB k qA p pGlqB Alc| CNC pG PH| RP l@p epzO ApG kBu A kBXA }o B A ok ly f p BT
kB(P IB QgBu QW kAqA . lyBG QgBu upK ok QW lyBG oArGA B yB qA kBPuA BG| RP llW }o
oAp kBPuA ko)QgBu kB( lO ApG pk )IB .lB Ao BT AlPGA lAO }opPG

18
 . lp|
G lylHO BO B ul B f p Pho QW HB loAl AG P IBqA
. ky kBPuA QgBu l@p ok
lG BO ky oByB , up B }oqA kBPuA BG ky )Pho(Juo AlPGA IB kB
.ky kBXA IB p IOpO
BG ky ) Pho ( Juo AlPGA r kB A .ky kBPuA p kBXA ApG kB
)BG(pG f u B f p BO p BO ky oByB , B }oqA kBPuA
IphO IW IB kpAlW A G lyBG oBqBu lBG kB k A .kp y
. kz ly BO
koAlBPuA Rd qA p pG BG Gg YBP lPv kBPuA GB l@p A ok oBvG kA
G kA - BOoA qAoBypu@ BOoA K qA kBPuA BG , BT ApG . lyBG c GB kW
. QuA ly BXA pPzG BoB- loAk Bu@pGoB PyAk IuB P ,lA ly PgBy PcAo
h sB@ kB A .lyBG lA qA Jm GB sB@,IB QgBu ApG GBhPA kB
Xc RApO PyAk , J@}W q ApO BK Bk ok ly Jm kp G pd RBhz BG r
. QuA @oByB ok Qu qB B BdPuAok kBA
qA A lyAlW UBG p J@ Bc RArXOok ly BO )PgBu o ( kpGp
qA @lyAlW , p J@Bc ok IB ly p IW IB kBsB@BG B^ ly P IB
Bc B kApG GBz P ok `.ky IB kB klX kBPuA G kB@ ly BO
RBO IHuGoBkg Ro G B BO kp)AlW ( nc BGoBA , lyQBqBG lAO oByBqA
. ky BXA B@kppP , r B BO G Gp QBc ok B ly BXA kA A B^ ok

| | BT
.QuA lykAk Bz lG uA , 1 yok . ky BG lO }o Qv Aok
|

| -A }pG eu- k y
A p ko z - y|

QuA ly kBz ph y G B Qv ok h oAlW BG A AO| Ao A

koB^ oBy - l O QgBu

G QuA kog }pGA | -A | g BG qA Ao @QgBu l@p , lG B|y .kp epzO

BG oAlW .QuA kAk Bz Ao pO ypG ok eu 2 pO .lz pO
| | .QuA ly kAk {B kq Bu
qA IB kA ky O RB @qA lG .lk {BAo IB kB kB 3pO
.ly AlW

19
@oByB ,QgBukB lX ly)Pho( Juo Xc BG Ap
BO BG BK B f p B ul .ky BXA oBkg
PgBu kB @qA wK BG oByB ly p Pho RBDrW
kB 7 y .ky BXA ly Qu Bo G BK ly
Bz zO ApG lB BG klc Ap G Ao ly oByB
| | .lk oB kB IB kA {B A - uy|

QuA IB kB B pPvG AlPGA , QgBu G py ApG

. QuA Qo GB )G@(yo o BG 4 yok ly ) Pho( Juo
Ap .lPvp ko BqppO Aok lykAk {B g
lyoByB kB - Q y
cp A ,IB r kB ly lX )Pho( Juo Xc A BG
Xc .kp y eu A QB ok ky py oByB
pk Xc BG lG cp ok ,ly kBXA B f p BG , kBoBG A lk y Ao pPvG kg , IB r kB qA ly kBXA oByB
kB qA ly kBXA pHB Xc .ky|pK IB r kBqA IB kB 5 y. ky| kBPuA kB)Pho( Juo ApG
. QuA ly kAk Bz 8pO ok ky d Bo G A Bqp yok lykAk {B g lk| Bz Ao lyoByB
| | .lPvp ko

ly) Pho( Juo IB kB -Qz y

| | ly) Pho( Juo IB kB - oB^ y
kA ByH B Xc B Qv ok IB r kB @qA lG
oBoPukok IB kB oBqp lylX ) Pho ( Juo , QgBu IB
IB p IB r kBqA XP ly oByB Xc. .kp| oAp
ok . kqBu| B Ao QgBukB qA lG Xc )pPho( Juo ApG
. QuA lBz GB9 y
| | lyoByB IB kB - YK y
ky lByK kB qA Xc BG , lykBXA B f p BG IB
p euG kB .QuA l@okpO G )rp( pO o BG 6 yok
,B ul B f p BG IOpO lG , lGB BpW IB kBqA lykAk
. ly pHB p ko B Xc
koB^ oBy - l O QgBu

lyoByB IB kB - y

,lA lyPgBucp A BO , kB IB r kB H Xc
kB . ky lByK lG 10 yok kB qA Xc BG
G pX B ul A pHB ,lGB BpW ly kAk p f u G
.ky kB qA Xc A py | | )Pho ( Guo QgBukB - {yy

20
 Q Ap Bor pk A G|,QuA lyp ApC| NC | oBqp
B YK BkA pP l`K B Pvu ,ly O lBG
| RArXO .loAl kW RArXO A ok BG o@ BG oAl pO
.lPv ly lBO E o@C| NC
kBGA k GC| NC |pG PHR| P }
| o .QuApnK BA B qAlA ly) Pho ( Juo QgBukB - k y
l^ YAo B xB qAC| NC | Bqp ,ky| Qkld oB^k
@oBqp , kB ly lX )Pho( Juo Xc BG Ap
.lPv kWodp ok(| | pP ( koB l^ BO(|
| pPPBu(`A ).lB lBz Ao 11 y ( . ky BXA
QpuBGC| NC |pG PHR| P | o@ . QuA O GB QpupPAoBK
BzApW {yBK Qpu B pKO ) ly lX ( Akp Qhu
Ao kB By QuA QpuoAl @qA GBO RApO jp .ky kld
IW pP lLuA oO pPzG oByB . l )nc( AlW
. ky kplOpPpu
.lPv uopG QdO on }o BG kBPuA QW B kA gpG
kpGoBG ok pPzG ^ p BA u O Yo BG kA qA kBPuA QGB | | lyoByB kB - kqB y
RB qA gpG .kpy| qBX Ao B oArA p B BpG J@Bc ok PgBuo BG lBBG IB r kB kpAlW
,B|PuKpO , QupO B PuK wW BG kA qA ly lO J@}W qA pO BK Bk ok IB r kB .kp Ro p
.lyBG B QqLB B Apu ,B {ApA J@qA pO u IB r kB A G BG . ky Jm
.QuA Quk A qA Byo pk qA pPIOAp|G }o A B r Qr . ko| p p J@ Bc ok lyAlW PcAo G kG
zhG A lpg r ,kG BPgA RArXO qA Bg }o A Ap^ Pc , lyBG l@p ok @ klX kBPuA IB r kB BA
QB pBg G A kA r .lyBG B Pvu pk lpg r qA Jm p J@Bc ok o@W AO Ao @ly oByB B|kApG
klX kBPuA GB IB r kB .ky PyAk BK lAO l@p .lA ly kAk Bz 13 12 Byok ly BO .kp
[email protected]| {BAo lO B r pz^o GpA qA kG
B|rB B k spvA B qB BG kA )Pho ( Juo
RB O B B|qB kpp z ky| BXA BzApW
.Qv WO ko BO@Q Ap
BkAkoAp kBAorop B O lB -z B r
lyBO eu| -kqAk y
| qp BBPuk . koAl r }o A ApG - BPuk wpu
.QuA Bu@B@pO kG E , O@yB BC| NC
pHg B vO oc BG uoqBG BPBu G lO }o A B|BPuk
.koAl qB oAl wpu B kAkoAp kBA BpO

| | pXP
lyBO - kruy
oBXO RArXO kA qA p pG BGC| NC | pG PHR| P | sO
koB^ oBy - l O QgBu

u Bok BBoB.lA PgBuB Ao B }qoA kW koAlBPuA | | B Qr

.l lO QkBG kBPA p G Ao RB lAO B qA | }o kqBu| B Ao lDA |CNC pG PH qBu
BG up lO B sO kp H ApG }O BW BoB RArXO qA kBPuA QGB .l kBXA Ap@lAO pkR| P
|pG PH pu qBu l@p koAk kWR| P | }o BPkld AqoA BPHv RArXO BG RB BXA BO lk BA ApGoBG kW
.l qBG Ao kW lO BO P {C| NC RArXO qA kBPuApgA B k ok .kpnK Ro lPv k

21
 t Bx
| pK|
okg ApA BO QpyqA lO QgBuul lyoA xByoBApkByp
F| [email protected]

)|Die rating|( pHB Qu G QHv B|xpK A Qp | | |Die Setting Press|- IB O xpK -1

t l| Qpu xo O Ro G kG BK BBg o IB B QgAkpK QW lPv B|xpK
o lGr B B|xpK qA B .QuA ol B|xpK ,ApG .lo| oBG IB FArWA kp pok QvO lB|BG
.ky| kBPuA ,Bg y kBGA ,p|o p k O ok B|xpK A
lk jp^ pd qA kBPuA( Pv aA p Pvu krA BG .lo| oBG ... {z B|g
ky| kBXA B@ok|Try out | QGB B B|xpK ok )|inching| Try out B |Die development ,|Spotting | Ao B|xpK A B
kpqBG lG AO| Ao lO c ok IB BPcA A IOpO A G | | .lB| r|
.kpppG B|xpK o IB QgAkpK edO ,q@cAp ok r Bq W|p pG
pP^ kBGA ,ol|Try out | B|xpK qA kBPuA Qr RB ,B|IB B dO qA H AO| ,B|xpK A G B|IB
eu BG B B|xpK BG vB ok B|xpK A pP r r B lA kAlO B|xpK A BG koA gpG ok .kp lO
.QuA GBz pHB .ky| lO

koB^ oBy - l O QgBu

22
 O {B QGB BG BA ,R| AM| pu QzpG Qo Qpc*| | ,|inching| OAm QGB G AO| ol B|xpK BArpBu qA
.xoO oBypG c okR| AM | Qpu B BO ok B Qp BA QGB ,luA BK Qpu ,k O
pWo G }pG qA wKR| AM | QzpG QW k *| | .kpoByA p ok O BA xo
.)B| k G( wpOB G Hu kogpG qA oAlo G BGpPvG qA|Try out | ol B|xpK
k QAl B|xpKpk AA qApO|I ,u qBu*| | A|K A Pvu G rX BG pPvG.l| kBPuA IB BG
.E od Qk }BOoA JnW ,BG Bp WO BGR| AM | QBc qA kAq@ol oBz BG kpoB p ok Ao luA QuA
.A RArXO l qA,BB|pP*| | PzpG Qo QpcBG BK pPvG qA BupK A ok.kqBu| ZoBg
A G .ky| kBPuA IB BK oAl QW )xpK ZoBg(
|Transfer presses | BPA B|xpK -3 .lGB| {ArA orG u B|IB ok lO QGB A IOpO
lo|{K B BPA B|IB BG ,RAr k p ok BPA B|O pPvG kp oBkg o G ph B|K ,ol B|l
X t BPA B|xpK opG B B|xpK ok | Q G BpPvG A qA wK ,k od G GBPuk QW Ao
A G t }o JBhPA .ky| BXA ,koAk Ao BPA B|rB ,q u fA RB QW .lk| Q ,lluo|Spotting
xpK IB r ,lO RBr|,wW , cAp By klP Pvu .lk| oAp oBBPvA ok Ao IB B| pd BpPvG
.koAk PvG xpK G GBPuk QGB Qpc B O ,)|inching)| Qpu BG l@BK Qpc ,xpK pP
| | .kqBu| xoqA p ok Ao luA x

|Fine- Blanking Presses| k q B|xpK -2

lB QW cAp uB|xpK Ro G ,B|xpK A
Ph kBGA kld ok B|xpK A .ly| kBPuA Bg
.loAk kW O 25-2500 qA B|Qp

Qpc kG Bq Qpc BG luA l^ B AoAk xpK A

ok .ky| BXA | pd oO uO B@|
qA Ao kg Qpc r lG BPvA G BPvA qA RB BPA Pvu
.kp| A oO
:BAr
{B o|pG {ArA IW xpK opG l^ BXA BK BG r ,r qBu :qA lOoBH B|xpK A pTA A ArWA
G @ lB O RB BPA B|xpK ok .kkp| r Pvu,o lnO ,Rol Pvu ,)IB( oArGA oAl QW
| | .QuA ly nc RB c oBHA ,lO c uoqBG ,BlAp | | .A Pvu ,pPPvu ,oBAo
RBr spA ,BoB B ,oB p {B IW BPA xpK lyBG| PuoB^ BG FArX yW B|qBu ,B|xpK A qBu
pBu qA .ky|T| andem | A|Pyo xpK g G QHv oAl pO IA .loAk p|Pho ^oBL qBu pP^B|xpK G PHA
G kBPuA ,pPAlpu,pPzG A G AO| B|xpK A BAr r A B|xpK PHA ,ly| cAp k Qpc QW B|xpK
koB^ oBy - l O QgBu

qA yBpOBG lO jp lO RB PgA ,QkHG ,Bg kB qA .lyBG| kW

.kpoByA B|xpK G PgBu RB BXGBW ApG lyO Bq nc xpK RBr -
:QuApq koA By k q B|xpK ApG op RBr
:kpGoB -B|O }pG ,lG p RB BXA QW RArXO*| |
4000 qA {G Aqo ky| kBPuA Bq BPA xpK qA .O GB Pv

23
 .lyBG qB ko ,lPv gk @lO ok u qApPzG
B|xpK pTA .QyAk lAg kBPA WO IB O qA {K , 30000-50000 sApO
y ,qAlA| RB qA A|kABg lO ApG ly cAp qA {G QgBu ApG BPA
kBPuA 22 lO ApG B|xpK A qA ,t kpGoBok ,BT A G .lo| oBG QBh
A BG Ao A| APG @pyBO .QuAoBvG oBupK lApok RB y qAlA O .QuA ly
| | .QpAPG B p BG Ao ,p ko| QuA @,kplO B|xpK
| ,|Forming| ,|Pirceing| ,|Blanking| ,p B|xpK pBu opG ApWA GB RB
.lyBG| ApWA GB r B|xpK A ok ... |Trimming

Transfer
Finger

A ok og RB W qA .lyBG| Bg qA okg B ,B|xpK A A ApGoB

BPA RB ,O Bp BqBG ,Ap^ uBX ,BLB :G AO| ,ly| lO B|xpK

.kpoByAt| iming | lk jp^ }Kok ,Rol

.ky ... B||zg ,zuBH ,orp ,B`h :By ,Bg B ok kpGoBkoA
koB^ oBy - l O QgBu

| QBh BO B|G B o qA RB lO ApG O 6000 Qp BO ,BPA B|xpK

pP| 220 BO 200 rp BO rp B BPvA 18 A 3 AoAk B|xpK A .lA|ly lO 9/5|mm
4-40|SPM | klc B|Qpu BG kG pP| 965 A 150 ,|Slide | xo B|BPvA G
.l| oB

24
 Hu G kp lHv^
qA pW B|Ao
|By Art Hedrick |
qBukBu QpyqA WpO
n| [email protected]

B Ao k l |Slug | lPA pG wpOBqA `@p

BArA QuA B B rook B kp QuA ly WpO kp G
kp G lz AlK @ ApG HuB uoB kB ^ Qv kp
.QuA ly WpO
qA lG G QuA oBupK Rz qA HueuG kplHv^
G lPA| BOA l@| pG wpOB qA Hu P ,}pG RB
ooA o B lHv^ Hu G lPBG pG wpOB qA kp @BW
pGApG k qAlA G }pG kp klX }pG IW A .lPA|
A Zpg jAoup ApK K BG lyrX oBgAouHu1 y f u pO ,wpOB Qvy ,Hu Qvy ky o QBh
|ky kBPuA Hukq u ok K PpApG G IB BcAp qA oBvG @IBW .ky| pX Ao kBq Rz
ok kB@Ro G p qAlA pG K GrX oBgAouB Hu| | IB Q {BApG IA AqBvHB .lk QA A
,B Hu A kprO kq u ApG .)1 y( lPv kW oAqBG kp ApK kB@ B wpOB B Hu pPAqoA qA l u
.QuA ly Ppp ok @ly kpz QBc ok K Pvu IA .lkBPuA loAl
ly kBXAp loAk K kpgAk ApG Hu oAk ok ^jAou ok BA QuA YpG oBvG uppK B IB ok Hu G kp lHv^
| | .lyBG r A Z pg ko ApG jAou A .QuA .QuA qBu z rpvApO B IB B orG BPvA O B IB
Qpu A cp O B IB ApG kpqAlA pG Pvu A :lyBGpq A qA yB lAO Hu G kplHv^
.loBGg G ,BG QpuuppK B IBok BA QuA IuB BK .l@ kW G }pG ok Hueu kpG A Fg| |
k G(lyBG ly oAlpg kp ApK Pvu lG Hu pA Bc | | .l Iv^ lB o| |
kpjAou oBLuA BG Ao B@ AO )Bq B B B Qkld qAlA qA {G )wpOB Hu G (wAp| |
kq u p u qA lBG Ao BOoA .QyAn BOoA B Pu ,@gAk ok wpOB qA Hu ly ZoBg Bq ok wpOB Hu G z| |
.lPA BOA
koB^ oBy - l O QgBu

:l kBPuA z A c ApG }o k qA AqBvHB

ApG B }o A PHA .wpOB ok RApO pk Hu ok RApO
.lPv Bz|z BkpGoBBO
G BO kohG uQuuok lBG BOoA Pu 2 y|
Huok RApO :A
.kyvH PcAo :oBgAou Hu gAk p qAlA pG KqA kBPuA

26
 .)2 y(lyBG PyAk Ao ly W Bok Hu gAk ok BvHA BA BO

:Hu ok oBykBXA
kBXA UBG FBdA A .ky| Jld kp AlK FBdA kp ,oBgAou RB B ok
euo oBykBXA .)3 y(ky| HuG kplHv^ GpX lyHu kpG Fg cB
.l pW Fg l@kWG qA Hu
:Hu kpp,kpph ,)ApyQBc( kq iK
qA H ly IHu B }o A BO
ly pk p QdO ky lpG kp A
BvHA IW B A .ky kBq @ d
HuG kplHv^ qA lywpOBok kp
.)4 y(l| pW

:HuB qA A lk
oBgAou Hu B qA A lk
3 y 4 y | | .koAk AlW Hu eu qA Ao kplA|O
:wpOB ok RApO :J
:kploAl wpOB
,lyoByB wpOB ppok Aq QdO ^oByk By)5 y( kploAl wpOB
| | .lPA|p PpoAp Aqok BK QuGoBz QdO vK .ly kpvK IW BoByA lyBG
.QuA ly Ppp ok kp PgAlA p ApG BGq k l c Ao wpOB 6 yok
.lkBXA wpOB gAkok p g }W k lAO lkp AlK Ao koAlBPuA wpOB ApA
:x IyBG wpOB
.l|oBJgBPHvfpAkyPgBuPuokGwpOBpABAluo|pGYpGAlPGAok}oA
{ArA BK Qu G wpOB p oG loAk lB q y YAo B wpOB
BK Qu G @p wLu koAk p {BAlPGA l^ ok x Iy BG wpOB .lGB|
)7y( ky| wpOB ok kpkBPApGpX Iy A .lGB| {ArA

5 y 6 y 7 y
||
Fg }o G kpQyAkpG
koB^ oBy - l O QgBu

Gg G B Q A ^pA .lAlW HueuqA Ao kplAO loAk kW g B Q

| | .lP ApBA l oB
Quk lBH QuA oBypG oBgAouRBok Aq r lW z HuG kplHv^
.QuAlykAkeOBXAokB@qAkAlOkoAkkWzAcApGkBqB}o.kyPp
.QuBRApOBrqAokkppWzAqA AO kpr PyAnQ BG

27
kA JBhPA
{zBHB ApG
| | B kAk
,okg ApA AqBuod cAp RBdO rp B xByoB
D| [email protected]
| | oK ApO Bo
okg ApA AqBuod cAp RBdO rp kA xByoB
T| [email protected]
kAlO o k {zG oBOA l@p .kp| oAp kBPuA ko AO lPv BpA koAlBPuA o k ly JBhPA kA : pnO
l@pp .l| QgA A oAk QBh kBXA pPcAp | | .kpkBPuA k lqA B@B kB kpAlK ApG
Ro G Ao QBh {B Ar pP QuA ly cAp o o k {zHu uO o @o k QuA l@p {z
kr QBh {BoAl pPzG lyBG PyAk {zG o k .ky lz BX }oB^ B B kp Ro G IB
| | .lyBG %35 G kAk Bz 1 yo k kBPuA ko BoArGA {zBHB AA
Q Pp p o k BG {z B|IB ApG IuB kA JBhPA oAlW B PuK ApG klX {z IB oArGA AA 2 y .QuA ly
o k .kp BXA p ApG IB oArGA r Alc J | | .lk Bz Ao qB
pPAoBK 75|mm BO RB QgBu ApG BT A G ( ^ BHB o k Ao p ko {z QuA pPG pBG kBPA lO ApG
PgBu QW kA r o ,koAko Ap QA A c o k kp l@p( )|Ironing|( oBOA l@p .kAk BXA cp pP
r Oo o k lyBG| AoAk QA p qA Ao pPAoBK pP IB wAp Ar pP BG {z l@p uG oAlW oB qB
BHB o k .lyBG| IB r qA % 5 , sB@pK oArGA Bk {z A cp l^ Bl@p o k B )wpOB Hu G

koB^ oBy - l O QgBu

| qB oAlW RB x klX {zBHB ok kBPuA ko BoArGA AA | 2 y klX {zA )BG B( {zcp A ok kBPuA ko IB {B 1| y
{zBHB ok )BK B(

28
 {zok kBPuA ko Bo AA 1 lW
p IuB oBo lG {z BXA Qc o k oAkogpG pPzG QA qA kA r 8|in | - 203|mm | klc pPorG
B qA lG {z IB QgBu kA qBu IB l@p ok .QuA BO r QuA 12|in| - 305|mm | klc BO BHB o k QuA
{Bu pA .lA|ly lrpG ly JBhPA Bo BG QvO HOp l^
Bq Pc ky ko@pG IB r qA kr BO kA
oBG oBAo pPG lyBG PyAk kW )|galling( lDBu B lyBG AAp
| .lyBG sB@l^ IB o k y BG ly Qhu oArGA k By BoArGA
pPG QuA pPG oAyk oBvG B {z ApG .ky kpG |
kBPuA ko B|o By1 lW .kpoAp kBPuA ko AlPGA qA o |)Die performance( IB kp
.lyBG| oAyk oBvG B|{z oBo Bl@p AA ApG
c ok {Bup {Bu oAl u G {z IB kp
BHB {Bu Ar A .ky kq hO lPA BOA IB kp
{zBHB ApG kA JBhPA B|H rO ,{zQW p ko o QBh ,Phu u|G
)|Materials for specific tools( .ky| kq hO euB Q IB IpO ,oBo,IB kp
{z B|o kA AA 2 oBy lWo k| |{z B|o ||
Bp BG y BX RB oBOA {zApG ,QuA ly Qv )|Lubrication( oBo
o k kW RBA .lp oAp kBPuA ko RBP B| G QW G )oBupK( oBo o k oBo ed l@p BXA
B p BG y Gp kp y BX RB ApG 2 lW | | .QuA op {zl@p c o k {Bu lBuo Alc
koB^ oBy - l O QgBu

| lB GqBG Ao 3 y ,lW BG RB QGB ApG| | }oB^ kp RB oBOA {zl@p ok kBPuA ko {zBo ok kBPuA ko kA AA| |- 2 lW

29
QBh {B qA pOBG lo k G luo QW oBOA IB RB
.lyBG qB ko l@p c o k
B Hu o k kBPuA ko oArGA Bk AA Qv 5 lW
eu 4 o k uPBOBq Rl BG RAlO ApG B|wpOB
B Hu kA AA .lyBG oBOA BHB o k QBh {B qA
BHB uO y BX RB lO o k kBPuA ko BvpOB
l@6 lW o k lA ly kq |reverse redraw| x klX {z
| | .QuA
| | {zBHB QgBuok kW BPcA Rz uopG
lk {zBHB o k QuA oAB llK pP {Bu
JBhPA u G AO| Ao {z BHB o k {Bu .ky
BXA uG ` pO Qhu ,pPzG {Bu G QB BG kA
lB du RB uG B p BG eu {yK Bl@p
RBA ly O ApG.kAk {B uApPGp B rAoGp
| | .lyBG kW 6 BO 2AlW o k koA A BK
BHB kA AA Qv 2 lWok . {zIB uO lylz Q 3 y
| QuA l@GBz RB {zApG {z
|)Galling(|yr BA qA yB lyApg B l |-
BG GB RBA ky lBz oB PHA lyBG RBP
: qA lOoBH |galling| kBXA k
.ly O {zlc qA {G o lz| | | | .lyBG RBP {zQW RB kAlO
B rp o k ` ly QW o k IB | | Gp BG y BX orG RB ApG r GBz RBA
2 lW o k ly DAoA 7 kBGA .QuA ly O y A GBPB
| | .p ko o QBh G WO BG IB BB wAp
AAp p^| | | | .QuA l@3 yo k kBPuA QW
l@p Bo o pG kA B|QBh RApO RApSBO 3 lW
BB B IuBB oBo| |
@ lG lPv |galling| lPv oArGA Bk qA kBPuA| | | | .lyBG {zlAp c o k |sheet metal|
kBPuA l B ky BA oArGA Bk o pG du B {yK B|Hu ApG kBPuA ko kA AA :B|p|o B Hu
B|p|o B Hu ApG kA A .QuA ly DAoA 4 lW o k B|p|o
| | .oBo QW BG QBG Bo qA
.Hu lB IB FArWA f u o pG oAB QgAkpK| | RB BG GBz pAk B Gp BG BX RB oBOA {zo k
| | .lp oAp kBPuA ko 3 yo k 7 BO 2
oGpk qA ly PgBu {zB|IB QyAk WO lBG BHB RB pO| p QW BO {Bu G B kA
o k ly Qhu sB@ Bk B p ko l@p qA Bc ly ApG B BG QBh BG o {z Bl@p ,oAyk oBOA {z
QB BG Ao OB IA ,) kld lO ( Rl BOB|kBPuA ApG ` G,ky A kBPuA ko BG kpoB BG BHB
koB^ oBy - l O QgBu

RBP QBh 6 BG lyko Bk {zApG kBPuA ko kA AA 3 lW

30
 .lB GqBG Ao 3 yB lW BG QGB ApG Bp|o B Huok kBPuA ko kA AA 4 lW

| Ph BPBh {BBG p k Bo {zQW BvpOB B HuApG oArGA Bk AA 5 lW

:qA lOoBH ly JBhPA |galling|G B Ro Ao A .l lO ,ky PgBu oArGA Bk uO IB

@p sB@ Bo B Gp k B|o lz ApG| | {z o k B koAk kW B@ o k lly {B oBOA B|IB o k
A G QuA BBO ky Ppp o k |galling| Qv qB PPu@r q k B|o lB loAk {Bu G BO B|o
Bk pA .ly OBp B lpP wpOB Hu BBK RB BHB QuA pm G q PHA .kAk BXA AO| FBTPuA Ro G
koB^ oBy - l O QgBu

JBhPA lPv lH p AoAk A2,D2,D3,D4 lB oArGA ly pm Apy QdO QuA r oArGA Bk BG ly PgBu
W B QgAkpK wLu ly lpP lBG oArGA f u lyBG ly | | .l{Bu G py
| | .ly kAk AoAk IB f u QuA Apy IB p Bq pO|
sB@ k B r q k wW qA OB {z ApG| | QW BG qA QgAkpK QW ` lyBG Gg oBvG eu QgAkpK
pGApG o k Ao QB pPG p o ApG wW pPG lPv pK G oB k H pG lAO {z B|IB kA .lyBG o {z

31
 | x klX {zBHB BvpOB B HukA AA 6 lW

B|IB A .QuA BHB A ApG wW pO kBPA kA ApGpk JBhPA .QuA @rpG wW qA lyBG PyAk |galling|
o k l c %40 klc 500000 {zqA wK Ao kg kBGA B|qAlA {K lpP oBvG f u BG D2,D3,D4 Bk p o
lyBG ly lyK GB o RBv qA IB f u pA Oo l^ p o wW JBhPA ApG r u QBok lyBG ly
lBG .l c %60 klc o k Ao kg kBGA B qAlA BHB B | | .lyBG |HB| 420 BO 400 G @Phu lyBG pLO aDsB@
oBo Ro o k r PBu lGoB {z B|IB QyAk WO
lBG Ao I A PHA .QyAk lAh zhHPBo kp IuBB p{yK
l`K {zB|IB pG Pr lGoBB|IB kpBA kBPuA ko {z B|o p {ArA ApG p {yK
o k BT o G ( loAl |D2| lB oArGA Bk qA ly PgBu Bp {B ly OBp f u QBg A .kp oAp
{B .QuA |Forming| B |Coining| BG {z qA HpO B|IB l@p qA wK {z Hu qA RB kp AlW ` BA
.)lyBG %40 q pPorG {zl@p o k kBGA qA pPr^B oAl G f u kpOBpqA Bc kHG YBP .lyBG
G lyBG pPG oArGA kA G Hu kA O qA Bc kHG YBP
| | o sB@BoArGA r qA pO BK {z Hu kp OBp qA Bc r o
kAlO {zo k lBG BO lPv p BPHv @k G Ao BoArGA A | | .lyBG {zHu kA kpG
ko oBOA lG qB B oAlW orG p BG RB qA o pG lBG p {yK ly OBp Bk pPG kp ApG
RB {z ApG JBhPA pPG o BsB@ .lp oAp kBPuA {yK QBh BdWpO kpoAp 50|HRC | qA pPzG Phu BG f u
o k lyBG @ qA pPzG B 305|mm | p BO ly oB o Jg A .lyBH pP2/5|mm| qA rp 10 BO 5|m|m |G eu o pG p
ko@kW G BO RB ` BG o k lypm Apy Oo ) ly o o(A lG qB ko Phu ly lAg IHu
| | .lyBG PyAl p^ BOlGB {ArA B y o k |chipping | ) yApO ( |Spalling|
ly OBp B|IB f u .lGB {B r BA `
qA Bc kpO BO ly kAk RoApc kAp PBu Wo k 205 BO 150 G lBG
QvO | | .lupG Alc G B@o k solD
koB^ oBy - l O QgBu

BG|B Qynok lO QgBu X

Ao BBp vc xl ,rr oB Quk
BBp k Qpy BoB pPd kABg G
PBu BlGoB
RBWok cp @ ApG BP l Alg qA k p QvO o G PBu BlGoBqA BG kpoBBG {zB|IB ApG
.lqo@| qA pPzG {z ApG PuK lO o k .ky| kBPuA A kpPv
lGoB QuA ly RBHSA IA 203|mm |BO BHB o k

32
 ul
B
| PuKpO
QgByB}
BpK
| o
PuK pvQpy pK ul ApPk BDBv
|[email protected]
09121947510
u Bg qA BKA ,qBuo kg B o k lA PvAO oArGA, RB QgBu QW Ph kA qA kBP BBu o k pzG
ky krA BpK p qo G qo .lyBG PyAk pz^ ,J^ ,kA A pPl .QuA kp kBPuA lq RBr
pTAlc lPv Bo kg lO KBO o k BqBuo kg Jm BAO {O@z qA lG .QuA kG RBAc ArWA ,l kA
,pLu lB DrO B X o k BP lyBG PyAk Ao pK RB RAr A lypO Bu@RAr G GBPuk r B B kp
qA o kg oO X lG o k G pXKW ,o ko ,koHyAk G BpK k G 1860 k qA .loAk Q o k kBq oBvG BkpGoB
oBpu pqo lq o k BpK qA oBvG BG B .lB kBPuA B pK ru BpK AlPGA o k llyrPu pB y
Bul Pyn o k .oAl kBq QgBy B@ G QHv oAk Ao k .lPB uO )|CA)| RBPuA ru )|CN|( RApP ru lB
RBA k Bg RAr qA pA RB cAp ApG B G pX RApP kW k G kG |CN| ly rPu pK A
pK {Ak BG lBH fAp xl qpA kG B lPyAk qA ly PgBu koBG B NO o k koA ly oBXA qu| {O@
oBy l^ o k BO ly @pG o lG lyBG BG B pK QgBy B|Bu o k .ly rPu |CA| ,z A o QW .lkp lBz |CN|
}o PuKpO BpK G BWA Ro G X A Ph .QB uO @lO lyrPu QBBG B lDl@p| 1890 k BBK
BkpGoB,ul Ag ,pK oBPgBu .qAkpLG @QgBy B lBG Ao uBuA dO ,1899 -1860 B Buo k pK rPu py kW BG
pPh By G pK p ApG ArX Ro G B @BuBy }o o k BG rA k A BW B W .kpJv PvG p G
.ly lAg UdG Ao k lkp kBXA 1955 Bu qA H BO B pK lO rPu QpzK
koB^ oBy - l O QgBu

B }o G AO BpK BuBy B }o go k ,BPuA K ,OA K ,u K ,pBPuA K ` BpK G

,c pSA ,pB y ,By {A ,Xu PvAk 1960 k qA .lluo P lO cp G BOpA K KpK K
}o ,ly oByA B }o qA .kp oByA y )|FTIR|(BPuk rPu H BpK ul Ag kHG GpK QpzK lG G
BXA Qk ,Qpu ,Qu Bd qA Ao pO G A G y .QB BPgA ul llW BpK
qA ^ kp Pz qA kBPuA BG y }o .ko oBzG ul Ag O IuB Q ,BK q k G BpK

34
 oB^@HW ,IpLup Gp ,pLu Bk ,pLu PO G ,oy zy QBo BG IuB O BG d o k B k pq l uO pK
.rG BG Ao k BuBy }o UcBH l QuA BXA GB A A
:kpGoBB Qkld pK p ko o k .lyBG y }o G Gp RB qA pu
k G ,PO B|pK qA kBPuA lG BO G pK A o k UcBH BBK o k ky UdG y BuBy gBy BpPAoBK
ul pK A G uP pnK Gp BK B l .ly lAg lG W AlW
IphO UBG Rl o k JBP@ o A .ky O )|PP( KpK K 1
.ky| @rW KpK Bp qA A PuK G pXq KpK K :oBPgBu
| | :BuBy B|}o .ky oApO pXq ok HOp |n | y G |C3H6| QuA
@Phu .QuA RB lu G BP BPvpy G KpK K
| | .QuA OA K qA pO QhupK A kG uP
.loAn pSBO @ o BG BBk o k DO AqAoBK B c
OoBH G .lyBG 0/9 klc @PvAk kG BpK pPHu qA
.lB oBy J@o
^ RAp .koAl BA kg kG koq BG G@@y o
@B ^ .ky| lk ly ^ RB o y lB
Hy r |PP| Pgu qA Bc G kG AoBK y B ^ Hy
lBz BPyA qA wK o lu kk .QuA AoBK y G
.ky|

)|PE|(OA K 2 koAk PBOrA ,PBO lu ,PBOA oBPgBu u

| | :oBPgBu | | .ky kBPuA @pgA Qo k
QuA OA Bp qA PuK G pXq OA K :ul Ag
.ky oApO pXq o k HOp|n| y G |C2H4| BG By QB Bc BqBG ,BluA GB o k pK A
@BPvpy PvAk xBuA pG OA K oBPgBu lG vO @pK .QuA B BPHv r W Apy GB o k PyAk
B l@p o k |PP| k y QGB koAk Gg pnK Gp QBg
.QuA pnK BA Apy pPBu@o k oBo ,kBG ,PuK orO
Bo kK |PP|G AO Ao HuB oBvG PgA A
B|Pu )|GF|( zy BA ).... v RBGp BO(l
pK G lHO Ao |PP| APG BO kp kBXA )|EPR| |EPDM(
.B Q o k kpGoBpK oBvG ul
:BkpGoB
oBvG kpGoBkG Q AqoA lypm Ag k G KpK K
:kpoByA m B G AO| koAk B o k u
u ,ByK ,BgrLy@ qA ,JB ,lG PvG B ,
koB^ oBy - l O QgBu

BkpGoB ,An p ,u {o ,rHu ,oBkg lG ,lHu

koHyAk QuA ,o ko ,o kg oBhG pBB,pLu lB o kg
,l G JB ,Pu JB , lG koHyAk A lG ,oAk
Hy ,koHyAk HW ,q HW Jo k ,A pP GB pP lG
J@ rh ,ApK JB ,oBhG oOApKA d ,zy pq pc

35
 :BkpGoB
v ,orp v lB PuK B v ,lG PvG B
|LLDPE | |LDPE| o k o kg {hK ,BGq v
zuBH yB , ,lHu u ,pG Jo k ,An p ,pG
J@ qBh ,I pLu p|Gp ,BG lB o kg BkpGoB
|HDPE| o k oBhG pBB,o
|HDPE | GB Phu BG BkpGoB o kg oBhG p BB
.ky kBPuA |MDPE| qA |LLDPE|
cApW yrK RArXO lB BG oBvG pnK Gp BG BkpGoB
| | )|UHMWPE|(
A G kG Q AqoA ly pm Ag k G pK A
.QuA ly PgBypBc Bc o k BkpK pOkpGoBpK
QO B pK BG IuB oBqBu l :kpGoB B Qld
G QB l ,BK oBvG B l ` B| l
A QuA ly UBG ,}rg G QB l |(Fatigue)| Pvg
kpGoB kp oAp ul BpK FrW Apy a QdOpK :ky vO Puk u G BOl QuA
.koAl B A o kg Bo k r Al^ B gBy Bc pXq y G Hu OA K :|LDPE| )A
:BuBy B }o .koAl BG BPvp kG BO
.QuA RB klc BO lu G BP BPvp y G OA K BG BPvp AoAk g Hu OA K :|LLPDE | )J
|PP| Phu qA pO BK kGpOBG qA |HDPE| Phu BG BPvp AoAk u OA K :|HDPE| )Z
Quk BG PcAo G kG BK |LDPE| |LLDPE| Phu .QuA | (|MDPE B G uP q BG OA K PHA
.koAn pSA @o gB lk| ypO Q o k pPoAl G r)|Medium Density PolyEthylene
pSBO @o BG BBk o k rG DO ,AqAoBK @B|c .ky| p
.loAn PolyEthylene|(|UHMWPE B G r |PE| qA pk
@ PvAk kG PuKpO pPHu KpK K qA lG BG QuA llW v )|Ultra High Molecular Weight
pP u OA K ApG 0/965 BO Hu OA K ApG 0/92 pW AoAk pK A .ky| lO uBP B QvBOB qA kBPuA
.lB oBy J@o pK A .QuA .QuA 5000000 BG
^ RlzG RAp .koAl BA kG koq BG G@@y o :ul Ag
^ Hy @B ^ .lPv o y ly ^ B G l Bc ,BqBG ,BluA GB o k Ao QB pOBG BHpO pK A
y G Hyr |PP| Pgu qA Bc G kG AoBK y B BG pnK Gp .QuA BG oBvG @|UV| W QB QuAoAk
Qk G qB y pB }o BG|HDPE| |PE| G rO .QuA AoBK Bd qA BpK BO G .Qv ly Qvy GB PcAo G koAk
.koAk Bg QAp .koAkoAp ko pOBG o k k y B l@p Qu
koB^ oBy - l O QgBu

36
 Plastics Profile|
pA
| crylic
A
Pu ,BG Gp G QB,o f QBy BkpGoBApG
ed {Ak .koAk kBq lA pA loAk q Ao d ok QB
lO lAO ed pHB B O pA Ag qA
.ky XP Ao o@ku kqBGpK
Ao By RpG {Gpq B iuBK {upK
:l| kBq pA QHv

{B lG BS 5| .6 Rl ok |12cm| p G 0| .6mm| QBh ?Qv^ B PuK pBuG QHv pA BK BG kA lA

eu BG o Q lBG lO .kp p IB kA Ag QB (| light-stable|( o oAlBK B PuKpk qA pA
G BPXk RBA pTO lk qBWA BO lyBG PyAk BTPuA uBA Ao pA Ag A @ApG B PuK pBu .koAk pPzG }Apg G
| | .ky BXA PcAo .ly BA B|@G du B {yK B loAlBK lBG lyBG PyAk
}Apg G QB ,B QByBkpGoBok pA k G
?l oBGg G qBG orO RB ok pA ^ pA .ko oB G QuA pl {G B o pGApG ok oAlBK
Q BG l oBGg G qBG orO RB ok pA| | HuB rBW k G QuA pPHu pPBy zy qA `
ok q kpAlc ApG OB ApG Bg .QuA Po oBG .QuA A|zy RB qA g ApG
B JBHc }o A ok @ApG .koAk kpGoBky lk qB @gAk pG BkpGoBApG Ao pA ,A J@pok oAlBK QBg
pA ApG .l kBPuA RB kA qA kz lk gAk ok qB pO PvWpG lBy .QuA PgBu @ lA QuA qB ko QBy BW
ApG lK B BG B pA .ky kBPuA @RB sB@qA r kB p qA pPzG pA .QuA @qA oH o f pA QBg
A ApG QuA ByBOAm pA ^ BA ky kBPuA r q {B QgBu ApG Ao pA ,QBg A .lk| oH kg qA Ao o pk
.ky kBzK kBq }o HuB JBhPA or BkpGoB Q BG o BkpGoBpk Br
| | .QuA PgBu
| | ?Qpp ok lBG Ao OB ^ IB cApok pPqB RB lk qBWA pA BdPuA Pu OAm Ag
O pA ApG ^ oBG Q ,BPvpkA g ApG Ao pPkA llO XP ok ly PgBu By B PuK pBu qA
ly kA }pG UBG oBG Q BPvp kA ApG ^pA .ky .l p
kA QA UBG pA kA ApG BA ky Bc kqBG kHG
koB^ oBy - l O QgBu

}huk lBH pA o Ag B Q .ky eu A | ?kpkBPuA D | VD| lB qB oAk RB ApG pAqA AO ^

l^ p eu A {K RApSA .ky IB {K lG Q qA G .koAk kW BpW BlpqA |A|kpPvkld ok pA
.ly P G lyBG jp B pA A .lpPHuB G qA qB RB pHB ApG B@
By G pA .QyAk p l lBG r BdPuA Ag kpGoBA qA Jg BT .loAk Gg OoApc oAlBK BG JAn BpW
| | .lyBG By BG lBH ly cAp RB An .QuA xBvc lpG G A Pok Ao pA lBG D | VD| lO ApG .QuA D
| VD| QgBuApG

37
 CATIA| o|ArA pqA OB
C| ATIA| xolBulxByoBWBOlu
[email protected]

mm |p|240mm | l|II. | upO Pv ApG By BT A G .kG pP lAk| o B

Ao @Q l hz @ApG Ao |110 lA kpoAn qAlA Ao @p ly QGB k |CATIA| oArA p B|t
.l Bl uO |V| |H| G QHv G hz p BG Ao qAlA k A lAO| Buo qo G(|Update | kG pPAoBK
QuAo 120|mm | l o pG|III. | .lyBG p T .l PvGA .lyBG @)B RApO
Formula| Bp |Offset| qA kp v p QGB Ao oArA p o k QGB A oBPgA G QGB k A H B B o k
)1y(.lDB JBhPA Ao |Edit .l k uopG B A DAoA qA l .lly p
kAk {B |Edit Formula| pXK|IV. | uo Pv Ag :BT QGB G QuA oArA p A o k pk QGB
l lAO By QuA ly :lyBG oBP |V| od G QHv z .kkp|pG oArA p kG pPAoBK
PvGA pk p G Ao |C=120mm| | S k e t c h e r| d o k P v | I . | :qA lOoBH t k A
.)lk p(l .lupO )v p(v kB .1
cAp lW .2
: v kB QGB )1
ly pm H RB o k oB
lBG |CATIA| oArA p o k ly kBXA RBupO
BT o G .lyBG pPAoBK Ro G
qAlA Pv p P
ly pO Pv ApG l k ly oAn
oArA p gpG qAlA k A QuA
koB^ oBy - l O QgBu

.lPv oAk pPAoBK k ,|AutoCAD|

Ao v kB QGB Po pOAp Bc
By B . uopG oArA p A o k
oAn|qAlA Bl uO Ao |Sketch|
lAg AoAk Ao pO QGB |Sketch| A l
1 y

38
 |A=240mm | ooB A ApG|.V |
oAn|p pXK k pu o k .lDB
A ApG Bc .ly lAg BA qAlA A
2pG vO ,lyBG |A| BG pGApG |C|
|OK| wLu kpkoA ld uO r Ao
)2y(.l
|C| l W Ro Ao k .|VI|
G A ly pB oAn p Q
RApO BG lyBG pO GB Puk o
.kplAg pO ly kAk p H |A|
odGQHvzAoPvoBABGBy
| | .lA PgBuoBPV| | 2 y
: cAp lW QGB )2
o k pPAoBK QGB QGB A
l^ By B p .QuA |CATIA| oArA p
RB A lyBG PyAk ly cAp
lyBG Hy Bul y p p qA
lyBG PyAk RBO BG qAlA kBGA o k
qA lAO RB A upO ApG By
IOpO lG .l kBPuA cAp lW
BO upO G qB oB A ApG By
qA QuA B .loA l RB
kBGA kp l pPAoBK o G Ao RB
|Excel| B ok Ao RB pBu B qAlA
pPAoBK G Ao |Excel| B kp koA 3 y
B p Ro lG .lk QHv A
qB Ao OB qA Alp lAO lAhG
BO kpAgAp |Excel| B uO loAk
B qAlA kBGA ky|Update| QpuG By
A PHA .kpG kg G Ao qB ko
QuA QuA QGB A kpGoB pPzG
A| p ApG lyBH GBz RB
lAg |Excel| B qA hzpu RBA
r |Excel | B u p ApG .ky|
koB^ oBy - l O QgBu

.kpkBPuA |Excel| Bo GAO qA AO|

: BT
qA kpl |Part| d o k Ao .|I|
Design| r |Knowledge|
)3y(.lJBhPA Ao | |Table
4 y

39
|Creation Design Table| pXK .|II|
:lyBG pq koA By lAg kAk {B
koA Ao cAp lW B A {hG o k .1
.l
koA Ao q OBdO k {hG o k .2
.l
lA kp kB@Ao |Excel| B H qA pA .3
.lkBPuA 3 {hGqA
{hG lA kp kB@Ao |Excel| B pA .4
.lJBhPA Ao 4
o k RBA kp koA 5 {hG o k .5
O A B k o G Ao |Excel| lW 5 y
.l
cAp lW qA A 6 {hG .6
.QuA kphz Ao
lA|kp kB@H qA Ao |Excel| B ^
o G oArA p BO l JBhPA Ao 4 r
.lkBXA Ao B oBkg
|Ok| kp JBhPA Ao 4 r .|III|
qBG |Selected Parameter| pXK .l|
:QuA p q koA By ly lAg
)H d|,4y(
B qAlA kBGA A {hG o k
cAp lWo k lAO Ao BpPAoBK
.QuA ly kAk {B lkoA 6 y
Ao Ahk BpPAoBK lAO By
pPAoBK( l koA cAp lW o k lAg
ul p qA RB BO o k DB
JBhPA)QuA RBP kBGA p qA Bv
Qv G kW B BK uO kp
.lDB k Qv koA 21
pPAoBK u BpPAoBK {B ApG .|IV|
|Ok| kpkoA k Qv GAo BOoA p
| | .l
koB^ oBy - l O QgBu

H cp lW oBGk cp A ok .|V|
BG .ky| qBG |Creation Design Table|
qBG |Save| pXK lW A ok O | k| l kpz
E| xcel| B ApG lAO| By .ky
)5 y(.lDB |Save| Ao @ kpJBhPA Ao B
7 y

40
 lAg qBG pk pXK oB A BG .|VI|
.ly
lW BpPAoBK pXK A A {hG o k
pO BpPAoBK(.lA ly hz cAp
.)6y()A ApG ly
BpPAoBK lAO By u {hG o k
Ao H cAp o k ly pO BpPAoBK
)7y(.llBz
|Edit Table| o pG kp BG
cAp |Excel| B A pXK k Qvo k
)8y(.ky qBG ly
kBGA kAlO p B A G lAO By 8 y
l kp BA lAg Ao A qAlA
.lpgm Ao RApO wLu kAk oBz Ao |Ok|
G lAg Ao pPAoBK ko p Bc
|Ok| kp JBhPA lk QHv kg
.lDB
@kBGA ky| Update lyrp
)9y(.kplAg pO
oBG k |Pad| Bp o pG pA Bc
Qv pO GB @ lk lAg l
.koAk oAp cAp lW @oBo k
lW A o pG lAO By
JBhPA Ao kg p ko pPAoBK kp
| | )10 y(.lDB 9 y

lO||QgBu X
:l| oArpG
rBK pO
| oArA|p hO B|ok

C A T I A
koB^ oBy - l O QgBu

pq B|oBy BG pPzG RBA QW

lpG xBO

660289067 8
10 y

41
 BQ| py oBQ| uBupSA|
OBGo B|spK QpzK lo pG
RoBK kBu QpyqA lO QgBu ul uByoB,Bo p^
09124729311
|[email protected]|

RArXO lpg .koAk Ph A G PvG OBGo spK o k ly

UBG lAO| Qpy oB QuBu oB d Apy .Qv B IuB R@ yB
B|QuBu Apy uopG G B A o k ^ pA .ky OBGo spK Qvy B Q
Apy ko@kWG o k Q QW OAkBzK ly PgAkpK RBGo qA kBPuA o k pS oB
Apl ,BHcB BO ApG lAO| I A BA ;QuA ly DAoA OBGo B|spK IuB
PpzK B| sO qA kBPuA G l B|Qpy Bg|,B|Qpy BPupKpu
.lyBG IBW lPv

| | .ky DAoA B c Ao ly kAk

lBG `G Al AoAlPuBuz" l| WoBg TA|Jp
BgoBoBB u G OBGo spK Q luo| p G ".ly O k G
RBGo kp lyBG A pA A k QuA .ly lAg pnK|Iu@ ko ok W A Qc ok BA , B lyBG A W A BG Ag| |
P B|RBGo JA Bq qA .QuA B|BvA kp G kroBvG Bk QuA kpQGBS GpXO .AoAlPuBu ko ok QuA Quok QuBu
uA G AkBH A qA z RBXBgoB ApoB ,ly qB@{K k k qA Rz ,QBy l .Qv hz By B ol G QuBu
Ap^ ;lA|kG xAp ok lk Quk qA Ao kg yP B|RBGo oc kWG z BW p HBG .ko@| kW G BoBBO ok oBvG
kAk BXA G okB ,qp }ApO p B|yB gpG B|RBGo A ok .k Ao oBQuBu lBG l@
ok BvA Quk Qpc lB G Quok ,Ph B|QB ed "!l@oBB Ao OBGo spK ^" A BG loB H Bok
lypPYolO G xAp A ^pA .lPv AoAk AopnK|BpG Bc GApg UBG koA ,QuA lyNB^ lO QgBu X 12 oByok
B|BgoB BHcB BlqBu B` Ap^ QuA BG B` oByA G BA ,QuA ly ko@ky| OBGo spK
| | .lyBG ApnK qBG y@BG Ao llW sO | | .Qpy oBQuBu :QuA lz
koB^ oBy - l O QgBu

pk A qA pPzG IOAp G Qpy oB QuBu d Apy

oB QuBuqA yB Rz l p Oz .ky OBGo spK l@oBB UBG lAO|
BG kBX ok ,Phu G OBGo sO luo| p G BX@qA Ao OBGo oByW QW IuBB cAp RB pnKoApO
GAo ok Bg WO lBG An ,lyBG| oBdpG Bc Apy QuBu qB oBQuBu qA yB Rz c ApG BA ;kpc AO| PcAo G
BG lk qBWA .kkp Bc q Q BO kpnK Ro OBGo p BG PvuGB BG ppO z lAk| lyBG| ppO G
: k oAp dO ko Ao A Rz AqA gpG BG Bz Rz A qA gpG QuA ly u B A ok .ly lAg WA

42
 .lyBG PpoAp kApA hy B|QpzK BG GB ok oBQuBu .1
QpyAlA G luook BoB{y }O BO Po G qA UBG lAO| oB QuBu
QpzK xBuApG Ao kg Bp QlyoA oB lAO| Qpy |,BT A G .lyBG
oBvG oB ,QlyoA oBGBu ^ pA .lk oAp B|RBGo|w|BpG B|vO B|Q
,Bv|BpG JBhPA ApG oB GBu pA BA ,lyBG| Pvu ok QpzK ApG
A ,ly lAg JBhPA Qc lB kApA ,ky Pp p ok RBGo BoOApKA B|vO
ok B kApA kAkoAp Rook B RBGo kqBG QuA eA .lPA| BOA QuA
.Qo lAg G qA B@qA kBPuA
ApG BgoBok kApA {gp^ }o qA kplBz BApPuA ozok lO RBXBgoBqA ok
kG A }o A z .ly| kBPuAr OBGo B|uoOApKA ApG HBG Ph B|Qv
oB^ J o ,oOApKA ^ |,RArXO BG BlyBy@QW q Qp kp a
oB ,Qp BO BG B@B|RBGo B|a P BgoBpl G .QyAl Ao RBGo PuK kp
PyAkpG Quk kApA zgp^ }o qA Ap ,lpHG Ao kBPuApTAlc B|RBGo qA lAO| kplAh
Qpy oBQuBu qA yB oBz k G B@BA .lJBhPA kg RBGo lcA QW Ao l p l^
oB ,lBG @B|RBGo B a Qv P G qB .lkAk AkA kg zgp^ }o G B`
koB^ oBy - l O QgBu

| | .QyAk lAh Ap G pPz BgoBApG H GB XP kplAh

A Qv A ok .lPv BOBGo kpGoBok ,lP B|BoBqA oBvG|,pk uok BA
lpG Ap lBG Apl BoBQuA A koAk QA , B lyBG lP A G B|Qpy
AlA kpHzK QpyPyAl Buu|G yc QW kg B|QBok Aopl ^
QuA Aq BPyA kBXA QGBo BA G RBGo ,BW kpz QGBo oAqBG ok .lQBc Qpy

43
IuB QuBuBA Rook BA ;QuA c GB @B|zo PB .lyBG| l BpoBApG poBApG
A .kpnc Ao Rz A qA oBvG AO| oBd ok BgoBpPkok B BoBok kppA A|lk BoBG Ao A .2
GB Puok G Rz zo RBA IA .lPA| BOA kBuG z B kp XPvW ok lyBG PyAk z AoB B Q ,lO BG lyBG
{K RAkApA QEv H G pBc w a Ap^ ,lPv hzO BG Apl qA oBvG .lk BWoA @G Ao RApO BO BO QuA k
xpK Qv ok ly lO RB qA z pA BT A G .Qv l@ ,BoOApKA k G l zpu BgoB G qo p lAO| Quk
Jvd oAyk oBBA xpK lcA BoBG RAkApA lH ,lyBG z^ qA ok G BO lPv pk p BHk G ul Pc B|vO
.lyBG lz mBhOA Quok QpyoBQ uBupA Bh .ky BoBqA oBvG B Aok .loAkpG kg B|ByqA Ao QEvoBG Apl
uO lO B|upK ok Rz pPzG BX@ qA A G .lk Bzp l@kW G Rzok Ao B|RBGo l| u
,ly| oBy@B RBGooBc ok ,kpnK Ro OBGo B|X l lAO| @k l JApg Ao }W BOA RBGo Bp ,BT
z .kAk BWoA B|RBGo kg G Ao Rz QuA kBu g An qA }W GApg Q l@| {K Rol G BA ;lyBG RB pnKoApO
,lyp ,xpK ,q iK ,BuK B or }pG ,o wW qA yB lAO| | | .lyBG RBGo ed Q l
,BuBCP .lyBG ,QuA gk lO ok pk B p B `PB Pc r^ @A k ,l| JApg Ao }W RBGo P RBApTA ok
RAqBX qA xpO Q|G lyBG| gk Rz ok BoBqA gpG ,oAl Ao z A k PB Rol P .QuA RBGo qA p pk
B kApA G Ao Rz k ,lyBG| Qpy Q uBu qA yB X B|RBGo .AlG B|RBGo Ao Rzp QuA @Ao pO|kBu
.kz AlK Puok G Rz zo BO ly| IHu lk| BWoApk G .lyBG| BgoB ok uBOA RArXO pk G QHv pO|B
G B@AoBqA BkBPuA kGpOBy@B ApGoBApG B|RBGo k
:c Ao IHu A .lyBG| loAkoBPA @BHcB `@qA pO Qhu IOAp
kpIW kg G Ao By WO Qv A ok "c Ao" qA kBPuA lBy | | .lkAl Ap Ao B|RBGo z ,Qpy BoBBO ky|
ApG c Ao kpG lAg K A GpPO A lk BG ;lyBG .kyIuB oBQ uBu rBW oB|uBu .3
Ap^ ,koAk kW c Ao .lA lzlA Quok .koAk kW z A BG OBGo Pvu ok l@kWG Rz ,lyBG PyAk kB G

koB^ oBy - l O QgBu

44
 B|IO B oB|h qA pW ApG B|Ao pPG qA .1 .QuA QAl @ lk BBK Rz A BO G lAO| B
ko sO BG B By@ BPupKpu Apl QuA A O RBBHPyA lyoBy@qA ,lyBG BqBu eup ok ,oB p p
BRBA {Ak PyAk lG ,kpoByA lBG .lyBG PyAk Ao kBPuA B PyAn}KpuB@ApG BO koAk @pG u kpG puG xAp ok kg
.kpc BoG Ao B RBGo Rz AO| rp qo p lPv l A G BoB B|a .lBupG Alc G Ao B@
BO poBBG .lk BXA pAo OBGo B|QB BO .2 G pA BA .ly {qpu B|BPuk lO g ok l@kWG Rz ApG
oB|h BA A O ok .luo| Alc G hy RBO QHd g Rz RBBHPyA ko ok PcAo G BO ky kAk qBWA B@
AO| p P UdG BG PyAl kW RBBHPyA kpBK B@QpzK BoBzO UBG l@lAg kWG d lUdG
.kpAlK Rz o ApG Ao c Ao pPG @pA A lB .Qo lAg G qA ,pBO ok ly p oBok
p ok RBGo O BA BO ApG Ao oB QpzK rAW |}AkBK .3 A Ap| BG Ao kg BW pBO uKB^ BO ky IHu QuA
.loAkpG BBoBQpzK QW ok BkB BA BO lpG lG Rz A zo kpG G qA QWok B|}O kp
oBIuB ApykBXA )Z B|lA BGpOBK d kBXA ,@XP kpnK Ro BhyA {qpu
B|QuBu RApSA BO lAO| ,qBu By IuB Apy | | .kG lAg }qoA BG
:lyBG ByBlBG m B|o koA .kpHG G qA Ao BK Qvy IHu oBQ uBu Rz pTA lAO| ,qBG lk QAl
.l| B|RBGo ^ .1 ?kplBG ^ ok BA ;lB nc Ao kkp| OBGo B|spK
qA du ^ ?loAk lO g ok B@u B|RBGo qA oBPA ^ .2 | | .loBLvG PvBykApA G Ao OBGo BoBQEv )A
?lA|kpAp OAlO ^ @ApG lA|Ppp ok Ao B|RBGo AoB ApG pPzG GBuoB BG kp JBhPA kpnK| u a
^ BO kG Ar ^ G B|RBGo I qA Bc kuqA ByG {K .3 ,BzAk RdO y A .QuA Quok Qpy B pl Qu
^ G Pvu AoBqA By O ?kpnK Ro W p oBok qAlA .lPv @lB kApA qA oBvG lH| Ao A|t BAO Bg Qhy
qA oBPA ^ QB ok lPv oB ok P ^ BHk G ,QuA Ar | | .QuA kB BOBGo Ev kook B A
?loAk kg BoBApG Pvu A :lyBG|pq f py G BOBGo BG kpoBApG IuB kp JBhPA d
oOApKA B vO|,w|BpG lAO| BPBoB qA ^ .4 lkoAp Bg pok Ao B RBGo vO w|BpG ,oOApKA .1
?ky RBGo .lH| Ao Bg RoB ,p ok kpoB l kry B@G
pPG G luo ApG oAlBK pS BHOoA|,BoBBO ok B G QHv pPzG c RBGo vO B w|BpG QuA
.QuA kB A r B|RBGo qA kBPuA ok An QuA op XP kp G pd B@ Ap^ ,lQBok oByW
BK Ao kW RBA QuA @lk BXA lAO oBpOlG kBPuA RBGo lA RBBA BO qA lBG lyBG| }W QqA pPzG
Pvu qA kBPuA QW ok l kBPA kg BoB G @lG ;l .lyBG BOBGo ApG BG oAn|Bpu GAW BO ky
O ,Pv wDo " }o BG Ao BPB|spK loAkpG l OBGo B Ao B|RBGo qA kBPuA ApG q BAO By BoB qA Al a pA .2
.lB Qpl "k BXA lBG | Ao oB p ,poB B@ApG lrpG Ao IuB kApA ,lyBG ll Ao q B|ok B PyAl
kBG A G l| BPA B RBGo Bg kp G pd QH .lB Ap Ao q B|}q@
.lyBG lHBK lypm BG oB ApG q kAlPuA l| {r Ao kApA A Bq .3
Qv gA Bp Py Py A BzpBg lBG OBg ok lBG kApA A l }Ap .lk oAp {Xu ko B@ok Ao B|RBGo
lAk| B BA kqAkpK| B|RBGo c ok UdG G ^ pA Q|Ap PpzK RArXO qA B Quok kBPuA G QHv
AoB QpzK o k pS { QAl lq RBd O Ook oBAo BPoBQuBu kApA G QHv hy .lyBG pnK|QEv
GB kBu ,By Ao A ;lk AkA BkB ApGBG .koAk B|BvA Qpy` .lB JBhPA Ao @BG IuB kApA Qup ApG loAnG
koB^ oBy - l O QgBu

lA YBP o k ,X kApA lk qBWA ;l o k GAW z k Ap BoBApG Ao RArXO oArGA pPG lBG

Py A QuA lA .lyBG u OBGo uBOA B|Pvu .lyBG BqB BO
,Bq spA Po ol nc ,pPG oB d QgBu QW ok lAPG .lBupG Alc G Ao hyRBO B|BpG )J
ok W G o pS B f u BO ok Q pPG lO ok qA kBPuAok Ao hyRBO lAO| koAk kW Ph A
| .koAkpG G qp A QpzK G o Q .lk {BRBGo

45