WORKED SOLUTIONS

9 Integration

Answers 7
1
x4
= x 4 ; 1
4 + 1
x 4+1 + C = 1 x 3 + C =
3
1
3x 3
+C

1 1
Skills check 8 x 12 ; x 121 C 1 x 11 C 1
C
x 12 12 1 11 11x 11
5
1 a (2i 2
) = 2(1)2 + 2(2)2 + 2(3)2 + 2( 4 )2 + 2(5)2 1

1 31 1

1 43 3 3
4
i =1 9 3 x x ; 3
x C x C x C
= 2 + 8 + 18 + 32 + 50 1 1 4 4
3 3
= 110

6 3 1 73 1 1 10 10
7
10 7
x x ;
3 7
x C
x 7 C
x 7 C
b (3k 2) = [3(2) 2] + [3(3) 2] + [3(4 ) 2]
k =2

3
1
10

10
7 7
+ [3(5) 2] + [3(6) 2]
1 1 1 1 1 45 4
11 x 5 ; 11 x 5 C x C 5 5
x C
= 4 + 7 + 10 + 13 + 16 5
x 1 4 4
5 5
= 50

5 1 2 2
1 3 1 1 31 1
12 x 3; x C x C 3x 3 C
c (i ) 2 2 2
g ( x i ) = (1) g ( x1 ) + (2) g ( x 2 ) 3
x 2 2
1
1

i =1 3 3
+ (3)3 g ( x 3 ) + ( 4 )4 g ( x 4 )
+ (5)5 g ( x 5 ) Exercise 9B
= g ( x1 ) + 4g ( x 2 ) + 9g ( x 3 ) 1 x 3dx 1
x 31 C 1 4
x C
3 1 4
+ 16 g ( x 4 ) + 25 g ( x 5 )
3
d f ( x j )( x j ) = f ( x1 ) ( x1) + f ( x2 ) ( x2 ) 2
1
dt = t 2dt 1 t 21 C 1 C
t 1 C
t2 2 1 t
j =1
+ f ( x 3 ) ( x3 ) 4
1 1 4
5 5
9
3 5
x 4 dx x 5 dx 4
x5 C x C
9
2 a A = 1 b h = 1 9 4 = 18 mm2 5
1
2 2
b 1
A = r2 = 1
(4 )2 = 8 cm2 4 2du = 2u + C
2 2
3 a V = r2h = (4)2(10) = 160 m3
5 (3x 2 2 x 1)dx = 3 x 2dx + 2 xdx + 1dx
b V = 1 r2h = 1 (3)2(14) = 42 ft3
3 3
3 1 1 11
x 21 2 x x C
2 1 11

Exercise 9A x 3 x 2 x C
4
1 1
x 71 C 1 8
x C 6 dx 4 x 3dx 4
= 4x 3dx 1
x 31 C
7 1 8 x3 3 1

2
1
x 4 1 C 1 5
x C 2 x C
2
22 C
4 1 5 x
1 1
3 x 21 C 1x 1 C 1 C 7 t 2 4 t dt t 2dt + t 4 dt
2 1 x

1 12 1 1 12 1 1 5
4 x C x C 2x 2 C 1 21 1
t 1 1 t 4 C 1 3 4 4
t t C
1 1 1 2 1 1 3 5
2 2 4

1 31 1 1 43 4

dx
3 3 2 2
5
1
x C x
4
C x C 8 3
x2 1 x 3 dx
1dx 1 1
x 3 x C
4 2
1 1
3 3 3
3 3
5
1 25 1
C
1 75 5 5
7
x x C
6 x x C x C 5
2 1 7 7
5 5

Oxford University Press 2012: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchasers institute Worked solutions: Chapter 9 1
 WORKED SOLUTIONS

5 a v (t) 20 5t
9 (5x 4 12 x 3 6x 2)dx
5 x 4 dx 12 x 3dx
a(t ) 5 ms2
v (t )

+ 6 xdx 2dx b s(t) = v(t)dt = (20 5t )dt 20t 5 t 2 C

2
5 = 20(0) 5 (0)2 + C
5 1 4 1
x
1 31
12 x 2
4 1 3 1 C =5
1 11
6 x 2 x C 5 2
s (t ) = v (t )dt = 5 + 20t 2 t
11
x 5 3x 4 3 x 2 2 x C
Exercise 9D
10 dt = 1dt = t + C
1 2 dx = 2 1
dx = 2 ln x + C , x > 0
11 a f (x ) x 3 4
x 3 4 x 2 ; f '( x ) 3x 31 4 2 x 21 x x
x2
3e 3 e dx
x x x
3x 2 8x 3 3x 2 8 2 dx 3e C
x3
1 dt = 1 1 1
dt = ln t + C , t > 0
b f ( x )dx = x 3 4 x 2 dx
x 3dx 4 x 2dx 3
4t 4t 4

1 1
x3 1 4 x 2 1
+C 4 e ln x dx = xdx = 1 x 2 + C
3 1 2 1 2
1 4 4
x C
4 x
5 (2x + 3)2 dx = (4 x 2 + 12x + 9)dx = 4 1 x 3
1 1 1 3
12 a g ( x ) 30 5 x 30 x 5; g( x ) 30 1 x 5 6
4
5 x 5
+ 12 1 x 2 + 9 x + C = 4 x 3 + 6x 2
3
1
2
b g ( x )dx =
30 x dx 5
1 1 1
30 1 x C
5 + 9x + C
1
2 x 6 x 5 dx
3 2
2 5
5 6 2 x 6 x dx
5 6 6 x x
30 x 5 C 25x 5 C 1 3 1 2
6 2 x 6 x 5ln x C
3 2
Exercise 9C 2 3
x 3x 5ln x C , x 0
2

1 f ( x ) = (4 x 5 + 8x )dx = 2 x 6 + 4 x 2 + C 3
3
7 lne u du = u2du = 1 u3 + C
2

2 6
f (0) = 8 = (0) + 4(0) + C
2 3
3
C =8 8 ( x 1)3 dx = ( x 3 3x 2 + 3x 1)dx
f (x ) = 2 x 6 + 4 x 2 + 8
3
4 1 5 = 1 x 4 3 1 x 3 + 3 1 x 2 x + C
2 y= (x 4
+ x ) dx
4
=

x +x4 dx

= 1 x5 + 4 x 4 +C 4 3 2
5 5
= 1 x4 x 3 3 2
+ x x +C
5 4 2
10 = 1 (1)5 + 4 (1) 4 + C
5 5 ex +1
C =9 9 dx = 1 (e x + 1)dx = 1 (e x + x ) + C
2 2 2
5
1 5 4 4
y= x + x +9 3 1

1
5 5 x2 x 1
10 dx x2

x2 x 2 dx

x
3 s (t ) = v (t )dt
5 3 1
15 x 2 31 x 2 11 x 2 C
s (t ) = (3t 2 2t )dt = t 3 t 2 + C 2 2 2
5 3 1
2
12 = 3 3 + C
3
52 x 32 x 2 x 2 C
2 2

C = 6
s (t ) = t 3 t 2 6
V (t ) = 2 (4t 2 + 4t + 1)dt = 2 (4t 2 + 4t + 1)dt
Exercise 9E
4
(2x + 5) dx = 1 1 (2 x + 5) + C = 1 (2 x + 5) + C
2 3 3
=2 4 3 2 1
t + 2t + t +C 23 6
3
4 3 2
=2 (0) + 2(0) + 0 + C
(3x + 5) dx = 1 1 (3x + 5) + C
3 4
3 2
3 4
C=
= 1 (3x + 5)
4
4 3 2 +C
V (t ) = 2 t + 2t + t +
12
3 1
x 3 1
x 3 1
x 3
4 3 2 3 e2 dx = 11 e 2 + C = 2e 2 +C
V (3) = 2 (3) + 2(3) + 3 + = 2 (57) + = 115 cm 3
3 2
Oxford University Press 2012: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchasers institute Worked solutions: Chapter 9 2
 WORKED SOLUTIONS

4
1
dx = 1 ( ln ( 5x + 4 ) ) + C 2 3x 2 2
dx u x 3 2 x ; du 3x 2 2
5x + 4 5 x 3 2x dx
= 1 ln(5x + 4 ) + C , x >4 du
5 5 3x 2 2 1
dx dx dx
du ln u C
3 x 3 2x u u
5 dx =3 1
dx = 3 1
ln(7 2x ) + C
7 2x 7 2x 2
ln( x 3 2 x ) C , x 3 2x 0
= 3 ln(7 2 x ) + C , x <7
2 2
3 (6 x 5) 3 x 2 5 x dx u 3 x 2 5 x ; du 6 x 5
dx
dx = 4 e 2 x +1 dx = 4 1 e 2 x +1 + C = 2e2 x +1 + C
2 x+1
6 4e
2 1 1
du 2
(6 x 5) 3 x 2 5 xdx
u dx u du
2

dx
66(4x3) dx =
(4 x 3)7 dx = 66 (4
(4x3) dx
7 7
7
x 3)7 dx 3 3

= 6 1 1 (4 x 3)8 + C 2 2
3
u C 2
3
3x 2
5x 2 C
48
3 8 4
du
= (4 x 3) +C 4 4 x 3e x dx
u x 4 ; 4x3
16 dx

3
1
1 1
4 du 4

8 (7 x + 2) dx 2
= 3 (7 x + 2)2 + C 4 x 3e x dx e u dx e u du e u C e x C
7
dx
2
3
12 2 2x 3
= (7 x + 2) + C 5 dx u x 2 3x 1; du 2x 3
73 ( x 2 3 x 1)2 dx
3 du
2
= (7 x + 2) 2
+C 2x 3 2 1 1
dx dx
21 dx u du u C
2
( x 3 x 1)
2
u
2
1
4x 4 1
9 e + dx = e 4 x dx + 4 dx
3x 5 3x 5
1 C 2
1
C
u x 3x 1
= 1 e4x + 4 1 ln(3x 5) + C
4 3 x 1 1

e 1 1
= 1 e4x 4
+ ln(3x 5) + C , x >5 6 dx u x x 2 ; du x 2
4 3 3 2 x dx 2 2 x

2
10 dx 2 (4 x 5)3 dx e
x 1 du
(e x ) dx e u dx e u du
3(4 x 5)3 3 dx
2 x 2 x dx
2 1 1 2
(4 x 5) C
3 4 2 eu C e x
C
1

C du 1 du
12(4 x 5)2 7 x 2 (2 x 3 5) 4 dx u 2 x 3 5; 6 x 2 ; x 2
dx 6 dx
3 2
11 a f ( x ) (4 x 5) ; f ( x ) 3(4 x 5) (4) 12(4 x 5)2
1 du 4 1
x 2 (2 x 3 5) 4 dx u dx 6
6 dx
u 4 du
3 1 1 4
b f ( x )dx (4 x 5) dx
(4 x 5) C
44
11 5 1
1 4
(4 x 5) C u
C (2 x 3 5)5 C
16 65 30

12 v (t )
e 3t 6t ; s (0)
4 8
2x 1
dx u x 2 x ; du 2 x 1
4
x x
2 dx
s(t) = (e 3t 6t )dt 1 e 3t 6 1 t 2 C 1 e 3t 3t 2 C du
3 2 3
2x 1 1
4 34 4 2 3
dx u 4 C (x x )4 C

dx dx du u
4 1 e 3(0) 3(0)2 C 4 1 C C 13 1
4
x x
2 3 3
u 4
3 3 3
s (t ) 1 e 3t 3t 2 13 9
3
(8x 3 4 x )( x 4 x 2 ) dx u x x 2 ; du 4 x 3 2 x
4
3 3
dx

Exercise 9F 3
2(4 x 3 2 x )( x 4 x 2 ) dx
(8x 3 4 x )( x 4 x 2 )3 dx
1 (2 x 5) (4 x )dx u 2 x 5; du 4 x
2 2 2
dx
du 3
=2 u dx 2 1 u 4 C
du dx 4
(2 x 2 5)2 (4 x )dx u 2 dx u 2 du
dx
1 (x 4 x 2 ) C
4

u C 1 (2 x 2 5)3 C
1 3 2
3 3

Oxford University Press 2012: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchasers institute Worked solutions: Chapter 9 3
 WORKED SOLUTIONS

4 3x 2 3 Use the area formula for a rectangle to verify

10 dx u x 3 4 x ; du 3x 2 4; du 4 3x 2
x3 4x dx dx your answer.
3
du
3dx 12; 4(3) 12

4 3x 2 dx 1 1
dx dx = du
ln u C y
x 4x
3 u u 4
f(x) = 3
ln x 3 4 x C ; x 3 4 x 0
3

2
1

11 f ( x ) 8x

4x2 1
; f 0 4
2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 x
8x du
dx u = 4 x 2 + 1; = 8x
4 Find one-fourth the area of a circle to verify your
4x 2 +1 dx

du answer.
8x 3
dx = dx dx = 1
du ln(4 x 2 1) C 9 x 2 dx 7.07; 1 (3 ) 7.07
2
4x 2 +1 u u 4
0
y
ln(4(0)2 1) C 4 ln1 C 4 C 4 4
3 f(x) = 9 x2
f
( x ) ln(4 x 2 1) 4
2

12 f ( x )
3x e (1, 5e)2 x3 1

4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x
du
f (x) = 3x 2e x dx
u x 3; 3x 2
3

dx 3
1
5 dx 1.10; no area formula
du u x
f (x) = 3x 2e x dx e dx e udu
3
1
y
dx
3
eu C e x C
3
2 1
f(x) =
1 x
e C 5e C 4e
13

3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x
f ( x) e x 4e
3

1
2
3
6 Use the area formula for a trapezoid to verify
Exercise 9G your answer.
1 Use the area formula for a triangle to verify your 6
1
x 2 dx 18; 1 (2 4)(6) 18
answer. 0
3 2
6
1

2

x 1 dx


16; 1
8 4 16
2 4
y
1
2 f(x) = 3 x + 2
3
y
4 2
1
f(x) = 2 x + 1
3 1

2
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x
1
Exercise 9H
3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
1 Use the area formula for a trapezoid.
0 8

2 x 3 4 x dx
4; no area formula f ( x )dx 1 (4 2)(4) 12
2
2 4
y
y (6, 4) (8, 4)
4
3 3
2 f(x) = x3 4x 2
1 1

3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x
1 1
2
2 (3, 2)
3
3

Oxford University Press 2012: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchasers institute Worked solutions: Chapter 9 4
 WORKED SOLUTIONS

2 Find the area of the triangle above the x-axis, 4

12 a We know that f ( x )dx 16 and so
subtract the area of the triangle below the x-axis 0
and then add the area of the trapezoid. 4
1
4
8
1
f ( x )dx 1 f ( x
)dx 1
(16) 4

f ( x )dx (2)(4) 1 (2)(2) 1 (4 2)(4) 0
4 4
0
4
2 2 2
4
0
4 2 12 14 b i We know that f (x)dx = 16 and since
In questions 310 we are given that 0

6 10 6 y = f (x 3) is the translation of the graph

f ( x )dx 3, f ( x )dx 8, g ( x )dx 4, and of y = f (x) to the right 3 units and the limits
1 1 1
of integration x = 0 and x = 4 are translated
10
b
g ( x )dx 8 to x = 3 and x = 7. So if f (x 3)dx = 16,
6
a
6

( x ) + 1 g ( x ) dx = we can deduce that a = 3 and b = 7
3 2 f
2 4 4 4
1
6 6 ii f ( x ) k dx ( f (x))dx + kdx 16 4(k )
2 f ( x )dx 1 g ( x )dx 2(3) 1 (4) 4 0 0 0
2 2 4
1
6
1
10
and f ( x ) k dx 28 16 4 k 28 k 3
4 g ( x )dx g ( x )dx 8 0

10 6

Exercise 9I
10 6 10
5 g ( x )dx g ( x )dx g ( x )dx 4 8 12
1
1 1 6 1 1
1 1 2 1 2
a 10 1 2xdx = 2 x dx 2 x 2 2 (1) (0) 1
6 f ( x )dx 0 f ( x )dx 0 0 0 2 0 2 2
a 10 1 1 3
6 10 10 10 2 (u 2 2)du 1 u3 2u 1 (1) 2(1)
7 f ( x )dx f ( x )dx f ( x )dx 3 f ( x )dx 3 1 3
1
3
1 6 1
10
6 (1) 2(1) 5 5 10
1
3 3 3 3
=8 f ( x )dx 11
2 2
3
3x 2 1 dx
3x 1 x
6 2
6 3 2 1 dx
8 We know that f ( x )dx 3. The graph of x 1
1 1
3
2 3 1 7 4 1
1

y f ( x 4) is the graph of y f ( x ) translated 4

2 2 2
units to the right and the limits of integration 8
1 2 4 5 8 4 5
x = 1 and x = 6 are translated to x = 5 and x = 10, 4 x 3 x 3 dx

3 x 3 3 x 3 3 (8) 3 3 (8)3
10 6 0 4 5 0 4 5
so f ( x 4)dx f ( x )dx 3 4 5

5 1 3 (0) 3 (0) 12 96 0 36
3 3
9 The graph of y = g (x) + 3 is the graph of y = g (x) 4 5 5 5

translated up 3. This adds a rectangular region of 8 8

e x dx 4 e x 4 e 3 e 0 4(e 3 1)
3
length 4 and height 3 to the area under the curve, 5 4e dx = 4
x
0
10 10 10 0 0

so (g(x) + 3)dx = g(x)dx + 3dx = 8 + 4(3) = 20 e2

e2
dx ln x e ln e 2 ln e 2 1 1
1
6 6 6 6
6 e
x
10 We know that g(x)dx = 4. The graph of 1 1
1 7 (t + 3)(t + 1)dt = (t2 + 4t + 3)dt
y = g (x + 2) is the graph of y = g (x) translated 0 0
1
2 units to the left and the limits of integration 1 3
3 t 2t 3t
2

x = 1 and x = 6 are translated to x = 1 and x = 4, so 0

2
1 3
4 4 6
3 (1) 2(1) 3(1)
3g(x + 2)dx = 3 g(x + 2)dx =3 g(x)dx = 3(4) = 12
2
(0) 2(0) 3(0)
1
1 1 1 3 16
2 5 3 3
11 Given that h( x )dx 2 and h( x )dx 6
9 9 9
0 2
2 x +3
1
1

5 2 5
8 dx = 2 + 3 x 2
dx = 2 x + 6 x 2

a h(x)dx = h(x)dx + h(x)dx = 2 + 6 = 4 4 x 4 4
0 0 2
5 5 5 1
1

b (h(x) + 2)dx = h(x)dx + 2dx = 6 + 3(2) = = 2(9 ) + 6(9 ) 2 2( 4 ) + 6( 4 ) 2 = 36 20 = 16
12 2 2 2

Oxford University Press 2012: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchasers institute Worked solutions: Chapter 9 5
 WORKED SOLUTIONS

9 a Given that
2
f ( x )dx 8, when t 3, u 2(3)2 3(3) 2 7 and when
2 0 2

t 4, u 2(4)2 3(4) 2 18
3 f ( x )dx 3 f ( x ) 24
dx 3(8) t = 4 du
4 u =18
0
2
0
2
4t 3
= dt dt = 2 1
b Given that f ( x )dx 8, 2 dt 2 du
3 2t 3t 2 u u =7 u
0
2 2 2
t = 3
f ( x ) x dx
2
2
f x dx x 2dx 8 1 x 3 = 2 [ ln u ]7 = 2 [ ln 18 ln 7 ] = 2 ln
18 18
3 0
0 0 0 7
3 3
8 1 (2) 1 (0)
32 1 1 du
4 xe dx = 2 2 xe
x 2 +3 x 2 +3
3 3 3 8 dx u = x 2 + 3; = 2x;
0 0 dx
k
10 1
ln 6 ln x 2
dx
k
ln 6 when x 0, u 02 3 3 and when x = 1, u = 12 + 3 = 4
2 x x =1
du u
dx = 2
1 u =4
2 2 xe x dx e dx = 2 u =3 e du
2
+3 u
k k
ln k ln
2 ln 6 ln ln 6 6 k 12 0 x =0
2 2
4
= 2 e u = 2(e 4 e 3 )
Exercise 9J 3
y
1 1 1
1
9 a f (x )
2 x ( x 2). 2

1 dt = ln ( t + 2 )
1
t +2 1 1 f (x) cuts the x-axis
= ln (1 + 2 ) ln ( 1 + 2 ) = ln(3) ln
n(1) when f (x) = 0, so
= ln(3) 0 = ln 3 2 x 2 ( x 2) 0 x 0,2
4 4
1 2
2 x ( x 2)dx
Area 2
2 e x +1 dx = e x +1 = e 4 +1 e 3+1 0 x
3 1 3 0
1 1
= e 3 + e 2 = 2 2
e
2
e
3
b Area = 2 x 2 ( x 2)dx = 2 ( x 3 2 x 2 )dx
2 2 0 0
1 1 4
3 (2 x 1)3 dx
2 4 (2 x 1) 1 2
2
1
1 = 2 x 4 x 3
1 (2(2) 1) 1 (2(1) 1)
4 4 4 3 0

8 8
1 4 2 3
81 81 0 4 ( 2 ) 3 ( 2 )
8 8
1 = 2
1
1 1 4 2 3
4 (e + e )dx = e x + e x = e 1 e 1
x x
(0 ) (0 )
1 1 1 4 3
1 1 1 16 8
e 1 e 1( 1) = e e = 2 e = 2 4 0 =
e e e
3 3
1 1 1
k
5 6 x 4 dx (6 x 4) 2 dx 1
10 dx ln 4
1 1
2 2 x 1
1 2 3
k
(6 x 4) 2
ln( x 1)2 ln(k 1) ln(2 1)
1 1 k
6 3 dx
0 2 x 1 1
1 3
1 3

(6(2) 4) 2 6(0) 4 2
ln(k 1) ln 1
ln(k 1)
9 9 ln(k 1) ln 4 k 1 4 k 5
64 8 56
Exercise 9K
9 9 9
2
du 1 1 x 2 2 and
y y 1 2
x 2
6 ( x 2 x )3 (2 x 1)dx u x 2 x ; 2 x 1; 2 2
1 dx Find the x-coordinates of the intersection points.
when x 1, u 1 1 2 when x 2, u 22 2 6
2
1 x 2 2 1 x 2 2 x 2 4 x 2,2
2 du
x 2 u 6 2 2
1 ( x x ) x 1)dx u 3
(2 dx u 3 du
2 3
y
x 1
dx u 2
4
6
1 1 1 4 3
u 4 (6) 4 (2) 324 4 320 2
4 2 4 4
4 4
1
8t 6
dt
2(4 t 3)
7 dt 4 3 2 110
x
3 2t
2
3t 2 3 2
2 t 3t 2 1 2 3 4
4 2
2
4t 3 du
dt u 2t 2 3t 2; 4t 3 3
3 2
2 t 3t 2 dt 4

Oxford University Press 2012: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchasers institute Worked solutions: Chapter 9 6
 WORKED SOLUTIONS

(3 2 x x ) ( x 1) dx
2 2 2
1 2 1 2 (2 x x 2 )dx
2
x 2 4 dx
2
2 x 2 2 x 2 dx
2
2
1
2
1

2 2 x 1 x 2 1 x 3
1 3 2 3 1

3 x 4 x
2

2(2) 1 (2)2 1 (2)3 2( 1) 1 ( 1)2 1 ( 1)3
1 3 2 3 2 3
3 (2) 4(2)

6 8 2 1 1
3 2 3
1 ( 2)3 4( 2)
3 10
7 27 9
16 32 16 3 6 6 2

3 3 3 5 a f ( x
) x4 x2
2 f ( x ) x 2 and g ( x ) x y
2 x 4 x 2 0 x 2 ( x 2 1) 0 x 0, 1,1
The x-intercepts are (0, 0), (1, 0) and (1, 0).
1
b i f ( x ) 4 x 3 2 x .
2 1 0 1 2
x ii f ( x ) 4 x 3 2 x
Find the x-coordinates of the intersection points. 4 x 3 2 x 0 2x 2 x 2 1 0 x 0, 1 1
,
2 2
x 2 x x 4 x x 4 x 0 x ( x 3 1) 0 x 0,1 signs of f' + +
1 1
1 3
x x 2 dx
1
x 2 x 2 dx 2 x 2 1 x3 x 0

0
0
3

3
0
1
2 12
2 3 3
1 3 2 3 1
(1) 2 (1) (0) 2 1 (0) 1
f
(0) 0; f
1 1


1
;
1
f
1 1


1
3 3 3 3 3 2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4

3 y = 2x 4, y = x 3 between y Relative minimum points: 1 1 1 1

, , ,
x = 2 = and x = 2 8 2 4 2 4
6 Relative maximum points: (0, 0)
Using GDC, We see
4
2x 4 = x3 has no roots 2 c i and ii y
f(x) = x4 x2
for 2 < x < 2. x
2
4 3 2 120 1 2 3 4
At x = 0, x 3 > 2x 4,
4 1
so we can use
2 6 (0, 0)
2 x 3 (2x 4)dx to find 8 0 x
bounded area. 2 1 1 2
2
2 ( x (2 x 4)) dx
3 2
2 ( x 2 x 4) dx
3 (
1, 1
2

4 ) 1 ( 1 , 1
2

4 )
2 2
4 g(x) = 1 x2
1 x x 2 4x
4 2
(1 x ) ( x 4 x 2 ) dx
1 1
(1 x 4 ) dx
2
d
4 2 1 1
1 (2) (2) 4(2) 1
4 1
x x 5
1 4 2 5 1
4 ( 2) ( 2) 4( 2) 1
1 (1)5
8 ( 8) 16 5
4 g ( x ) x 1 and h ( x ) 3 2x x 2 1
1 ( 1)5
Find the x-coordinates of the intersection points. 5
x 1 3 2x x 2 x 2 x 2 0 4 4 8

( x 1)( x 2) 0x 1,2 5 5 5
y
6 y = lnx and y = x 2
4
3 Use a GDC to help sketch the graph, find
2 x-coordinates of the points of intersection and to
1
evaluate the definite integral.
0 x 3.146
4 3 2 11 1 2 3 4
0.1586
( ln( x ) ( x 2) ) dx 1.95
2
3

Oxford University Press 2012: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchasers institute Worked solutions: Chapter 9 7
 WORKED SOLUTIONS

y
10 a f ( x ) = x and g ( x ) = 2 x
2
Use a GDC to help sketch the graphs.
1
y
x 4 g(x) = 2x
1 0 1 2 3 4
1 3
2 2
f(x) = x
1
3
x
2 110 1 2 3 4 5 6
7 f ( x ) = x 2 3 x + 1 and g ( x ) = x + 3 2
Use a GDC to help sketch the graph, find 4

x-coordinates of the points of intersection and to b i 0

(2 x x )dx
evaluate the definite integral. ii Use a GDC to evaluate:

( ( x + 3) ( x 3 x + 1) ) dx 6.93 (2 )
2.732 4

x x dx 2.67.
2
0.7321 0

( 2 x x )dx
y k
5 c i
0
4 k
1
( )
k
3 ii 2 x x dx = 2 x 2 x dx
0
2 0
1 k
3
x = 4 x 2 1 x2
2 1 0 1 2 3 4 3 2
0
1
3 3

8 f ( x ) = e x and h ( x ) = 2 x x 2 = 4 k 2 1 k 2 4 (0 ) 2 1 (0 )2
Use a GDC to help sketch the graph, find 3 2
3 2

3
x-coordinates of the points of intersection and to = 4 k 2 1 k2
evaluate the definite integral. 3 2

3
( (2 x x ) e x ) dx 2.68 Use a GDC to solve: 4 k 2 1 k 2 1 (2.66667)
0.3841

2
1.952 3 2 2
y 1.333 k 1.51 or 6.22
3 Since 0 < k < 4, we know k 1.51
2
1 Exercise 9L
x 1 y = x 3 2 x 2 and y = 2 x 2 3 x
3 2 1 0 1 2 3
1
Use a GDC to help sketch the graph and find the
2
points of intersection and evaluate the definite
3
integral.
y
9 y = x + 2 and y = 1 x + 6 12
x 1 2
10
Use a GDC to help sketch the graph, find (3, 9)
8
x-coordinates of the points of intersection and 6
to evaluate the definite integral. 4
2
9.275 (0, 0)
1 x +2
2 x + 6 x 1 dx 9.68
x
3 2 120 1 2 3 4
1.725 4
(1, 1)

y
( ( x 2 x ) (2 x 3x ) )dx +
1
3 2 2
8 0

( (2 x 3x ) ( x 2 x ) ) dx 3.08
6 3
2 3 2

4 1

2 2 f ( x ) = ( x 1)3 and g ( x ) = x 1
4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10
x Use a GDC to help sketch the graph and find the
2 points of intersection and evaluate the definite
4 integral.

Oxford University Press 2012: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchasers institute Worked solutions: Chapter 9 8
 WORKED SOLUTIONS

y
ii f ( x ) = 1 x 2 f ( x ) = 1 x
2 4 2
1 (2, 1) m = f ( 4 ) = 2
1 0 1 2 3
x tangent to f (x) at x = 4 is given by
1
y 4 = 2( x 4 ) y 4 = 2 x 8
2
y = 2 x 4 = h( x )
( ( x 1) ( x 1) )dx +
1
3
0 Thus, h(x) is a tangent to f (x) at the
( ( x 1) ( x 1) ) dx = 0.5
2
3 point Q.
1
2
b i Use a GDC to find the intersection of
3 f ( x ) = xe x and g ( x ) = x 3 x g and h: P (1.236, 1.528)
Use a GDC to help sketch the graph and find the ii Area of shaded region =
points of intersection and evaluate the definite 1.236 4

integral.
0
f (x) g(x)dx +
1.236
f (x) h(x)dx.
1.236
y 1 2 2
4 x ( x ) dx +
2 0
1 4
(1.131, 0.3149) 1 2
x 4 x (2 x 4 ) dx 2.55
2 1 0 1 2 1.236
(1.131, 0.3149) 1
2
Exercise 9M
( ( x x ) ( xe ) ) dx + f (x) = 4 and the x-axis between x = 0 and x = 5
0
1

3 x2
1.131 y

( ( xe ) ( x x ) ) dx = 1.18 5
1.131

2
x 3
f(x) = 4
0 4
3
4 g ( x ) = x 4 + 10 x 2 9 and h ( x ) = x 4 9 x 2
2
Use a GDC to help sketch the graph and find the y=4
1
points of intersection and evaluate the definite
integral. 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
y 5
20

0
(4 2 )dx 251
15
10
The solid formed is a cylinder with
5 = V (4 2 )(5) 251
2 f (x) = 6 2x and the x-axis between x = 0
x
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 and x = 3
(0.7071, 4.25) 5 (0.7071, 4.25)
y
10
7
15
6 f(x) = 6 2x
20
5

( ( x + 10 x 2 9 ) ( x 4 9 x 2 ) )dx
0.7071

4 4
3
3

((x 9 x 2 ) ( x 4 + 10 x 2 9 ) )dx
0.7071
+ 4
2 y = 6 2x
0.7071
1
( ( x + 10 x 2 9 ) ( x 4 9 x 2 ) )dx 110
3
+ 4
0.7071
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
5 y 3
(6 2 x ) dx 113
2
6 0
1 2 1
4 f(x) =
4
x Q =
The solid formed is a cone with V (62 )(3) 113
2 3
h(x) = 2x 4 3 f ( x ) = 4 x 2 and the x-axis
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 x y
2 P g(x) = x2 3
4
f(x) = 4 x2 2
a i Use a GDC to find the intersection of 1 y = 4 x2
f and h: Q(4, 4)
3 2 1 0 1 2 3 x

Oxford University Press 2012: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchasers institute Worked solutions: Chapter 9 9
 WORKED SOLUTIONS

2 2
2
( 4 x 2 )2 dx 33.5 2 2 1 7
1 ( x ) dx = 1 x dx = 7 x 1
3 2
6

4
=
The solid formed is a sphere with V (23 ) 33.5
3
= 1 (2)7 1 (1)7
4 f ( x ) = 16 x and the x-axis between x = 0 and
2
7 7
x=4
y = 127
7
5
4 f(x) = 16 x2 2 y = x 2 + 1 axis between x = 0 and x = 1
3 y
2 y = 16 x2 3
1 2
x 1
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 y = x2 + 1

4 2 1 0 1 2 x
0
( 16 x 2 )2 dx 134 1 1
(x + 1)2 dx
= (x + 2 x 2 + 1)dx
2 4

The volume of a half of a sphere is 0 0

1

=V 1 4 (4 3 ) 134 = 1 x5 + 2 x3 + x
23 5 3 0
5 f (x) = x and the x-axis between x = 2 and x = 4
= 1 (1)5 + 2 (1)3 + (1)
y 5 3
f(x) = x
4
3
1 (0)5 + 2 (0)3 + (0)
5 3
2
1 y=x = 28
15

3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 x
1 3 f ( x ) = 3 x x 2 and the x-axis
2 y
3 3
4
( x )dx 58.6
2 2
2
1
y = 3x x2
The solid is a frustum, a truncated cone. Find the
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 x
volume of the cone formed by rotating the region 1
under the curve from x = 0 to x = 4 minus the
3 3
volume of the cone formed by rotating the region
(3x x ) dx = ( 9 x 2 6 x 3 + x 4 ) dx
2 2
0 0
under the curve from x = 0 to x = 2:
3
V = 1 (4 2 )(4) 1 (22 )(2) 58.6
3 3
= 3 x 3 3 x 4 + 1 x 5
2 5 0
Exercise 9N
= 3(3)3 3 (3)4 + 1 (3)5
2 5
1 f ( x ) = x 3 and the x-axis between x = 1 and x = 2

y 3(0 )3 3 (0 )4 + 1 (0 )5
9 2 5
8
7
f(x) = x3 = 81
10
6
5 4 y = 1 axis between x = 1 and x = 4
x
4
3 y
2 3
1 y = x2
2
1
2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x 1 y=
x
1
2 0 1 2 3 4 5 x

Oxford University Press 2012: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchasers institute Worked solutions: Chapter 9 10
 WORKED SOLUTIONS

4 2
t=3 t=4
1 4 4 t=0
x x 2 d
x d x x 1 s(t)
1 1 1
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

4
1 1
4
3
4
c Displacement: ( 2t 6 )dt = 8 m
0

5 a y
On the motion diagram we see that 0 8 = 8
4
Total distance: 0
2t 6 dt = 10 m
y = e( 4 )
1
x
On the motion diagram we see that
1 8 + 0 ( 1) = 9 + 1 = 10
0 ln 4 x
ln 4 2 2 s (t ) = 1 t 3 3t 2 + 8t ; 0 t 6
3
1
x
a e 4
dx
a v (t ) = s (t ) = t 2 6t + 8
0

ln 4
1 x
2
b v ( t ) = 0 t 2 6t + 8 = 0
b e 4 dx k (t 2)(t 4) = 0 t = 2,4

0 s (0) = 0
ln 4
ln 4
1
x 1x
e dx 2e 2
2
s (2) = 1 ( 2 ) 3 ( 2 )
3 2
0
0 3 signs of v + +

+ 8(2) = 6 2
1 1
(ln 4 ) (0) t0 2 4 6
2e 2
2e
2
3 right left right

s (4) = 1 ( 4 ) 3 ( 4 ) + 8 ( 4 ) = 5 1
3 2

2e 2e ln 2 0
3 3

(4 2) 2 s (6) = 1 ( 6 ) 3 ( 6 ) + 8 ( 6 ) = 12
3 2

3
k 2 k 2
6 a y t=4
t=0 t=2
s(t)
0 53 63
1 2 12

(t 6t + 8 ) dt = 12 m
y= 6
2
x
c Displacement:
0

On the motion diagram we see that 12 0 = 0

0 1 a x 6
a
1
2 Total distance: 0
t 2 6t + 8 dt 14.7 m
dx On the motion diagram we see that
1 x
a 2 6 2 0 + 5 1 6 2 = 12 5 1
b 1 3 3 3 3
dx 3 20 4 20
1 x = + +
3 3 3
a 2
a 44
1 = 14.7
dx ln x 1
1 a
dx 3
1 x 1 x
3 s ( t ) = ( t 2 )3 ; 0 t 4
ln(a ) ln(1) ln a
ln a 3 ln a 3 a e 3 a v (t ) = s (t ) = 3(t 2)2 (1) = 3(t 2)2
b v (t ) = 0 3(t 2)2 = 0 t = 2
Exercise 9O signs of v +
s (0 ) = (0 2)3 = 8 signs of v + +
1 s (t ) t 2 6t 8; 0 t 4
t0 3 4 s (2) = (2 2) = 0 3
a v (t )
s (t ) 2t 6 t0 2 4
left right
s ( 4 ) = ( 4 2) = 8 3 right right
b v ( t ) 0 2t 6 0 t 3
t=0 t=2 t=4
s (0) 8
s(t)
s (3) 32 6(3) 8 1 8 0 8

s (4) 4 2 6(4) 8 0

Oxford University Press 2012: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchasers institute Worked solutions: Chapter 9 11
 WORKED SOLUTIONS

4 16
c Displacement:
0
3(t 2)2 dt = 16 m c total distance traveled = 0
v (t ) dt = 1 (2)(4)
2
On the motion diagram we see that
8 (8) = 16 + 1 (8)(4)
2
4
3(t 2) dt = 16 m 2
Total distance:
0
+ 1 (6 + 2)(2)
On the motion diagram we see that 2
|8 (8)| = 16 = 28 m
12
4 a Displacement: 2
v (t )dt 6
5 Exercise 9P

v (metres per second)

4 t
1 1 10
= (6)(6) ( 4 + 2)(2)
2 2
3
2
1 0
18.4 e 20 dt 239 billions of barrels

(1375t t 3 ) dt 1546 spectators

= 12 m 1 t (seconds) 1.5
2
0 2 0
12 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Total distance: 2
v (t ) dt 1
2
3 36.5 + 5te ( 0.01t
8 4
+ 0.13 t 3 0.38 t 2 0.3 t + 0.9)
dt 240 cm3
0
= 1 (6)(6) + 1 ( 4 + 2)(2) = 24 m 20
2 2
4 4000 + 133 1 t dt 1780 gallons
5 0 60
b Displacement: v (t )dt = (2)(2) + (3)(6) 1 1
0 2 2

5
Total distance: v (t ) dt = 1 (2)(2) + 1 (3)(6)
= 11 m
Review exercise

(4 x 8 x + 6)d
= x 4 1 x 4 8 1 x 2 + 6x + C
0 2 2 3
1 a
= 11 m 4 2
12 = x 4 x + 6x + C
4 2

1
c Displacement: =
v (t )dt (2)(2) + 1 (6)(6) 4 7 7
0 2 2
x 3 dx=
1 3
b
3
x 4 dx= x 3 + C= x3 +C
7 7
1 (4 + 2)(2) =
14 m 3
2
12

Total distance: v=
(t ) dt 1
(2)(2) + 1 (6)(6) c
3
4 dx =3 x 4 dx =3 1 x 3 + C = 13 + C
0 2 2 x 3 x

+ 1 (4 + 2)(2) =
26 m d
5x 4 3x
6 x 2= dx 5 2 1 1
6 x 2 x dx
2
5 a v (t ) = t 2 9 51 3 1
= x ln x + C
63 2
a (t ) = v (t ) = 2t 5 3 1
= x ln x + C , x >0
a (1) = 2 ms 2 18 2

e =
1 4x
b s( t ) = v ( t ) dt = ( t 2 9 ) dt = 1 t 3 9 t + C e dx 4x
e +C
4
3

x ( x 3 + 1)4 dx u = x 3 + 1;
2
f
12 = 1 (0 )3 9(0 ) + C C = 12
3

1 3
du
= 3 x 2 ; 1 du = x 2
s (t ) = t 9t + 12 dx 3 dx
3
1 du 4 11 5
u dx = 3 u du = 3 5 u + C
8 1 4
c distance travelled = 2
t 2 9 dt 119 m 3 dx
6 a Acceleration at t = 3 is the gradient = 1 5
u +C = 1
(x 3 + 1)5 + C
15 15
of v (t) at t = 3. a(3) = ( ) = 2 ms2
4 4
40 1= 1
g dx ln(2 x + 3) + C , x >3
2x + 3 2 2
b The particle is
4 ln x dx
traveling to the h u ln x ; du 1
v(t) (meters per second)

3 x dx x
right when v(t) > 2
1 du
1 t (seconds) ln x x dx u dx
0 which is the 0 dx
interval 2 < t < 10 1 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 1 2
2
ud
u u C
2
3 1
4 (ln x )2 C , x 0
2

Oxford University Press 2012: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchasers institute Worked solutions: Chapter 9 12
 WORKED SOLUTIONS

1 1
i (3x 2 1)(6 x )dx u 3x 2 1; du 6 x 1
1 1
(3 x 1) dx = 1) = 1 (3 x 1)4
3 4
dx e (3 x
1 34 1 12 1
du 1 2 1
u dx u du u C (3x 2 1) 2
C
dx 2 2

= 1 (3(1) 1)4 1 (3( 1) 1)4
j
x
2e dx u e x 3; du e x
x
12 12
e 3 dx
x
2e dx 2 1 (e x )dx = 16 256
12
= 20
x x 12
e 3 e 3
2
1 du 1
2
dx 2 du f = 1
dx 1
[ ln(2 x + 1)]0
2
u dx u
0 2 x + 1 2
2ln u C 2ln(e x 3) C
1 = 1
[ ln(2(2) + 1)] 21 [ ln(2(0) + 1)]
3 2 x 5dx= 3 (2 x 5) dx 2
k 2

= 1 (ln 5) 1 ln1= ln 5
3
2 2 2
= 3 1 2 (2 x 5) 2 + C
2 3 y
3
3 f (x) = x 2 1
3
= (2 x 5) + C 2
a Area of region B 2
2

2 xe dx 2 xe = ( x 2 1)dx
2 2
l
2x 2x
dx 1
1
B

1 du 3 2 1 0 A 1 2 3 x
x 2 ; du 4 x ;
u 2 x
4
1
dx dx 2

2 xe 2x2
dx 2 1 du e u dx b Area of region B
4 dx 2
2
( x 1)dx = 1 x 3 x
2
=
e du
2
1 1 2x
u 1 eu C e C 1
3 1
2 2 2
2
2 1 3 2 = 1 (2)3 2 1 (1)3 1
0 (3x 6)dx =3 3 x 6 x 0 = x 6 x 0
2 3
2 a 3 3

= 2 2 = 4
(2) 6(2) (0) 6(0) =
= 4
3 3
3 3 3

16

16
16
1
12 c
2
( x 2 1)dx ( x 2 1)dx
1

4
4
b =
d t 4= t 2
d t 4 2t 1 1
4 t 4 2
16 d ( x 2 1)2 dx
12 1
1
1
= =8t 8(16) 8(4)
2 2

4 4 f ( x ) = 3 x 2; (2, 6)
= 32 16 = 16
e 2
e 2
f ( x )= (3x 2 ) dx= 3 1 x 2 2x + C
2
c

1x dx 4 [ ln x ]1
4x dx 4=
=
e2

1 1 = 3
x 2 2x + C
2
= 4 ln e 2 4 [ ln1]
3
= 4(2) 4(0) = 8 (2)2 2(2) + C =6 6 4 + C =6 C =4
2
1
6 xe
3 x 2 +3 du 3
d dx u = 3 x 2 + 3; = 6x ; f (x ) = x 2 2x + 4
0 dx 2

when x = 0 then u = 3(0)2 + 3 = 3 and 5

when x = 1 then u = 3(1)2 + 3 = 6

5 1
f ( x )dx = 20
5
1
x =1 a Given f ( x )dx = 20 .
6 xe
2
3 x +3
dx = d u e u dx 1
0
x = 0 dx
5
5
u =6 6
1
1
4
f ( x )dx = 1
f ( x )dx = 41 (20 ) = 5;

4
= e du= e = e e
u u 6 3 1
u =3 3

Oxford University Press 2012: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchasers institute Worked solutions: Chapter 9 13
 WORKED SOLUTIONS

5 5 5 2 a v (t ) = 2t 2 11t + 12 , t 0
b 1 [ f ( x ) + 2]=
dx
1
f ( x ) dx + 2 dx
1
a (t ) = v (t ) = 4 t 11 signs of v + +
= 20 + [ 2 x ]1 = 20 + (10 2) = 28
5

t0 1.5 4
right left right
6 v (t ) = 4 e + 2; s (0 ) = 8
2t

b Particle moves left for a < t < b

t ) ( 4 e + 2 )=
s (= dt 4 1 e 2 t + 2 t + C
2t
v (t ) = 2t 2 11t + 12
2
= 2e + 2 t + C
2t 2t 2 11t + 12 = 0 x = 1.5, 4
a = 1.5 and b = 4
2e 2(0) + 2(0) + C =8 2 + C =8 C =6
5
s ( t )= 2e 2 t + 2t + 6 c 2
2t 2 11t + 12 dt 7.83 m
k
1 3 a f ( x ) =x 3 2 f ( 1) =3
7 dx = ln 5
1 2x 1
f ( x ) = 3 x 2 m = f ( 1) = 3

k
1 dx 1
k
y + 3= 3( x + 1) or y= 3 x
ln(2 x 1)
1 2 x 1 2 1 b Use a GDC to solve : x 3 2 = 3 x
x =2
1 ln(2(k ) 1) 1 ln(2(1) 1)
2 2
f ( 2 ) = 23 2 = 6
1
ln(2k 1) The point is (2, 6)
2
c y
1
ln(2k 1) ln 5 ln 2k 1 ln 5 8
2
6 y = 3x (2, 6)
2k 1 5 2k 1 25 k 13 4
2 y = f(x)
Review exercise y 0 x
2 1 2 1 2
(1, 3)
1 f (x ) = 4 x 2 4 4
3
V = ( 4 x 2 ) dx 107.2
2 2
2
2 2
1
d 1
3 x ( x 3 2) dx = 6.75

x
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4
1

Oxford University Press 2012: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchasers institute Worked solutions: Chapter 9 14