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7 2 Solubility

Solubility describes how much of a solute can dissolve in a solvent, and is affected by temperature, with most solids becoming more soluble at higher temperatures except gases, whose solubility decreases with rising temperature. The rate of dissolution describes how fast a solute dissolves and is increased by higher temperature, smaller particle size, agitation, and decreasing concentration of the solution. A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature, while an unsaturated solution can still dissolve more and a supersaturated solution contains more solute than expected.

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Jordan Bautista-Espiritu
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47 views

7 2 Solubility

Solubility describes how much of a solute can dissolve in a solvent, and is affected by temperature, with most solids becoming more soluble at higher temperatures except gases, whose solubility decreases with rising temperature. The rate of dissolution describes how fast a solute dissolves and is increased by higher temperature, smaller particle size, agitation, and decreasing concentration of the solution. A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature, while an unsaturated solution can still dissolve more and a supersaturated solution contains more solute than expected.

Uploaded by

Jordan Bautista-Espiritu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Solubility and Rate of Dissolution

Jordan Espiritu
1
Solubility

describes whether a certain solute


can be dissolved in a specific
solvent.
the maximum amount of solute that
dissolves in a specific amount of
solvent at a fixed temperature

2
Factors Affecting Solubility

Temperature
The effect of temperature on
the solubility depends on the
nature of the solute and the
type of solution.
3
Factors Affecting Solubility
Maximum Solubility at 100 g of Water
Solute
0C 20C 50C 100C

Salt 35.7 36.0 37.0 39.2

Sugar 179 230.9 260.4 487

Lithium
1.5 1.3 1.1 0.70
carbonate

Oxygen gas 0.0070 0.0043 0.0026 0.0

Carbon dioxide
0.335 0.169 0.076 0.0
gas 4
Effect of Temperature on Solubility

Solubility
Depends on
temperature.
Of most solids
increases as
temperature
increases.
Of gases decreases
as temperature
increases.
5
Solubility and Pressure

Henrys Law states


the solubility of a gas
in a liquid is directly
related to the
pressure of that gas
above the liquid.
at higher pressures,
more gas molecules
dissolve in the liquid.

6
Rate of Dissolution

Dissolution the process in which


solutes mix the solvent to form
solutions.
describes how fast a certain solute
dissolves in a solvent.

7
Factors Affecting the Rate of Dissolution

Temperature
Particle size or surface area
agitation/ or stirring
Amount of solute or concentration of
the solution

8
Temperature

The rate at which a solute dissolves in a


specified solvent increases with
temperature.
Gases dissolve faster at higher
temperatures even though their solubility
decreases, because the particles of both
solute and solvent move faster at higher
temperatures.
9
Particle size or surface area

Increasing the surface area in


contact between the solute and
solvent increases the rate at which
the solute dissolves.
This is the reason smaller particles
dissolve faster than larger ones.

10
Agitation or Stirring

Increases the contact surface


between the solute and the solvent
Agitating the solvent increases the
rate at which solute dissolves in it.

11
Amount of solute /concentration of the solution

The amount of solute a certain


solvent can dissolve at a given
temperature is fixed.
Dissolution rate decreases as the
amount of solute dissolved in the
solvent increases.

12
Concentration of Solutions
refers to the amount of solute
dissolved in a given solution or
solvent.

13
Diluted and Concentrated solutions

Diluted solutions solutions with


very small amounts of solute
dissolved in it.
Concentrated solutions solutions
containing larger amounts of
dissolved solute.

14
Saturated solution

A solution becomes saturated when


the solvent has already dissolved
more solute, without changing
certain conditions such as the
temperature of the solvent or the
pressure.

15
Unsaturated solution

Contains lesser amount of solute


than a saturated solution.
Can still dissolve solid solutes until it
reaches saturation.

16
Supersaturated solution

A solution that contains more than


the expected maximum amount of
solute.
Can be prepared by heating a
saturated solution that contains
undissolved solids.

17
Supersaturated solution (cont.)

The increase in temperature will


cause these solids to dissolve.
The temperature of the solution will
be lowered gradually to minimize the
reformation of the dissolved solute
back to its solid form.

18

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