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Excercise & Solutions PDF

The document discusses several laws and concepts relating to radioactive decay and dose measurements. It defines the radioactive decay law, activity, half-life, inverse square law, and dose rate equation. It provides the gamma factors for different radioactive sources. It then presents 10 exercises involving calculations of decay constants, activities, dose rates, and total doses using the equations and principles summarized.

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Md Ashikur Rahman
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442 views

Excercise & Solutions PDF

The document discusses several laws and concepts relating to radioactive decay and dose measurements. It defines the radioactive decay law, activity, half-life, inverse square law, and dose rate equation. It provides the gamma factors for different radioactive sources. It then presents 10 exercises involving calculations of decay constants, activities, dose rates, and total doses using the equations and principles summarized.

Uploaded by

Md Ashikur Rahman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Radioactive Laws:

Radioactive Decay Law: N = N0e- λt here,


N0 is the initial number of nuclei
N is the number of nuclei at time t
λ is the decay constant

Activity: A = A0e- λt here,


N0 is the initial number of nuclei
N is the number of nuclei at time t
λ is the decay constant

Half-life: T1/2 = ln(2)/ λ=0.693/λ


Dose Measurements:

Total Dose = Dose Rate x Time


Inverse Square Law:
I1d12 = I2d22 here,
I1 is the Dose rate at distance d1 from source
I2 is the Dose rate at distance d2 from source
Dose Rate = ( Γ × A)/d2 here,
Γ is the Gamma Factor
A is the activity of the source
d is the distance from the source

The value of Gamma Factor for different sources

Radioisotopes Gamma factor


Ir-192 0.13
Co-60 0.351
Cs-137 0.081
Yb-169 0.0007
Excercise-01: Krypton-85 (kr-85) has a half life of 10.75 years.
a) What is the decay constant of Kr-85?
b) What will be the activity of a 1 Ci Kr-85 source after 20 years?

Answer:
a) Given, T1/2 = 10.75
We know, T1/2 = 0.693/λ
or, λ=0.693/ T1/2
λ=0.693/ 10.75=0.0645 per year
b) Again, we know, A = A0e- λt
Given, A0= 1 Ci, t = 20 years and we found λ=0.0645 per year
Then,
A = A0e- λt = 1× e- 0.0645×20 =1× e- 1.29=1×0.275=0.275 Ci

Excercise-02: Cobalt-60 has a half-life just over 5 years. If we start with


100 Ci Co-60 source, how much we will have after 10 years?

Answer:
We know, A = A0e- λt
Given, A0= 100 Ci, t = 10 years.
For the value of λ, we know, T1/2 = 0.693/λ
=> λ=0.693/ T1/2 =0.693/5 years =0.1386
Therefore, A = A0e- λt
=> A=100× e- 0.1386×10 = 25 Ci
Excercise-03: Given the decay constant of Ra-226 is 4.38×10-4 per year.
Calculate the half-life of radium.

Answer:
Given, λ = 4.38×10-4 per year
We know, T1/2 = 0.693/λ
=> T1/2 =0.693/4.38×10-4 per year = 1582.1 Years

Excercise-04: a) The annual dose limit for occupational worker is 20


mSv. What will be value of the limit in µSv/h?
[In a year, 50 weeks, 5 days,8 hrs]
b) A worker is working in a facility where radiation dose level is found 1
µSv/h. If the worker works about 8 hrs per day, is the dose received by him
in a year within the regulatory limit or not?

Answer:
a) The dose limit for occupational worker = 20 mSv/y
= (20×1000µSv)/(8×5×50)h
= 10 µSv/h
b) The worker works 8 hrs per day.
Therefore, total time that he works per year = 8×5×50 =2000 h
We know, Total Dose = Dose Rate x Time
= 1 µSv/h×2000 h =2000 µSv = 2mSv.
That means, the received dose of the worker is within regulatory limit.
Excercise-05: a) A worker is working in a radiation field for 50 minutes
and the radiation survey meter is showing the dose rate of 5 µSv/h. What
dose of radiation does the worker receive?
b) If he wants to get dose not more than 1 µSv knowing the above
condition, what is the maximum time that he can stay there?

Answer:
a) We know, Total Dose = Dose Rate x Time
Given, Dose Rate = 5 µSv/h and Time = 50 minutes =50/60 hr =0.833 hr
Therefore, Total Dose =5 µSv/h×0.833 h = 4.165 µSv

b) If total dose is 1 µSv, then Total Dose = Dose Rate x Time


=> Time = Total Dose/ Dose Rate
= 1 µSv/5 µSv/h = 0.2 h =12 minutes

Excercise-06: A dose rate of 800 × 10-6 Sv/hr is measured at 4 m from a


gamma emitting source. What will be the dose rate at 8 m?

Answer: We know, I1d12 = I2d22


Given, I1= 800 × 10-6 Sv/hr , d1= 4 m, d2=8m

I1  d1  I 2  d 2
2 2

I1  d1
2
 I2  2
d2
6 42
 800  10  2
8
 200  10 6

Ans : Dose Rate 200  10 6 Sv/hr


* * Dose Rate decrease 4 times when distance increase 2 times.
Excercise-07: The intensity of radiation is 530 Sv/h at 5 m away from a
source. What is the intensity of the radiation at 10 m?

Ans: We know, I1d12 = I2d22


=> I2 = I1 × d12 / d22
Plug in the known values
I2 = 530Sv/h ×(5m)2 / (10m)2
Solve for I 2
I2 = 132.5 Sv/h
In this instance the distance has been doubled and the intensity at that
point has decreased by a factor of four.

Excercise-08: A 20 Ci Ir-192 is to be used in open place to perform


Industrial radiography.
What distance is to be maintained to produce control area boundary
layer keeping dose level within 7.5 µSv/hr ?
[Gamma Factor for Ir-192 is 0.13 mSv/hr/m2/GBq and 1 Ci=37 GBq]

Answer: We know, Dose rate = (Gamma factor × Activity)/distance2


Dose rate = ( Γ × A)/d2
1 Ci  37 GBq
20 Ci  37  20 GBq  740 GBq Hence, A  740 GBq
Dose Rate  7.5 Sv/hr  0.0075 mSv/hr
A
Dose Rate 
d2
A
 d2 
Dose Rate
A 0.13  740
d    12826.667  113.25 m
Dose Rate 0.0075

Ans : Distance 113.25 m


Excercise-09: A dose rate of 100 mSv/hr is measured at 0.15 m from a
Cesium -137 source. What is the source activity ?

Answer: Here, Does Rate = 100 mSv/hr, Distance = 0.15 m


Gamma Factor, Γ = 0.081 mSv/hr/meter2/GBq
Gamma Factor  Source Activity
Does Rate 
(Distance) 2
0.081  Source Activity
 100 
0.15 2
100  0.15 2
 Source Activity   27.78 GBq
0.081

Ans : Source Activity 27.78 GBq

Excercise-10: For Scanning Vehicle/ Container, it takes 03 minutes and


the radiation dose rate at driver’s position is 50 µSv/h. Every month if
this vehicle with the same driver undergoes scanning in 03 times,
annually how much dose will he receive?

Answer: Here, Time of getting dose per year = 03min×3×12=108min


= 108/60 h = 1.8 h
Dose Rate = 50 µSv/h
We know, Total Dose = Dose Rate x Time
Therefore, Total dose received by the worker per year = 50 µSv/h×1.8 h
= 90 µSv.

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