12 2017

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AN APPENDAGE TO A BUILDING, AN AF TERTHOUGHT, AN ACCESSORY.

Invertible Shade by Ehsan Fatehifar is a tensile shade system of repeating geometric shapes that can be adjusted to allow varying amounts of light inside the building.
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OF SHADE
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I N S U S TA I N A B L E
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Increasingly, shade structures begin the design conversation especially for
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warming planet (this one) and architects looking for new ways to create built
environments in harmony with nature’s forces. The future includes a conscious
intention toward shade structures.

T H E E VO L U T I O N O F S H A D I N G FA B R I C S
In order to appreciate the future of shade and position oneself on the leading
edge of this movement, it helps to review the past, the long history of using
fabrics as architectural add-ons and how the practice has evolved.

Prior to the 1960s, most awnings and shading fabrics were made of cotton
canvas, which the sun broke down quickly. In 1961, the owners of one of the
oldest, most respected fabric brands decided to change the nature of shading
materials the company had been making since the 1880s. They replaced cotton
with acrylic fibers and pre-extrusion pigments and offered an unheard-of
warranty of five years. They were dubbed “performance fabrics.”

In the 1970s, performance fabrics got the attention of boaters, and the outdoor
furnishings industry exploded with these new, long-lasting yet pliable fabrics. Frames to Shams-Ol-Emareh by Nastaran Torabi and Zahra Noori Jamshidi is a series of
In 1988, BMW became the first car brand to adopt this company’s fabrics for orange-fabric-covered frames suspended in the forecourt of the historic Shams-ol-Emareh
its convertible models. mansion in Tehran. The frames provide shade and seating, while also offering visitors a new
framed perspective on the mansion.

By the early 2000s, as the green building movement gained momentum with
the U.S. Green Building Council’s LEED rating program, more attention was
paid to the sustainable nature of performance fabrics. As high-performing
shade fabrics last longer, people use less fabric and thus generate less waste
as compared to other fabrics that might fade, lose strength or give in to mildew
and atmospheric chemicals. In fact, some fabrics can be recycled through
manufacturer recycling programs, reducing impact on landfills.

S I G N AG E A N D B R A N D I N G W I T H FA B R I C S
As the use of shading fabric continues its trajectory in modern architecture,
its use as a business branding strategy spans the decades. Historically, a print
canvas canopy over a cigar shop or beauty parlor signaled the establishment’s
presence to passersby. While that design practice continues today, modern
corporate branding with fabric is often spectacular, with enormous printed
banners moving in the breeze. They are a signal to passersby and even passing
aircraft that business or cultural events are happening there. The colors of the
shading fabric convey their own branding message, tying into the corporate,
company, educational or nonprofit organization’s identity.

E X PA N D I N G S PAC E
Shading strategies in corporate, cultural and residential settings create copious
amounts of added space for meetings, gatherings, meals and leisure. While
the cost of walls and a roof could be prohibitive, and most likely exceeding a
particular lot’s allowable square footage of structure, the addition of shaded
Cotton Hill by Sergii Borodenko and Aljona Kolesznikova uses Sunbrella fabric to
“rooms” becomes a possible way to expand the amount of usable space. Fabric create a modular shading system that doubles as a no-soil planting system for urban
enclosures in commercial spaces such as restaurants can help boost profits by areas that lack space for landscaping.
increasing the amount of outdoor seating available year-round.

S H A D E S T R U C T U R E S F O R H E A LT H A N D U V P R OT EC T I O N
Protection from the sun has always been important to humanity, but never
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change occurs gradually, giving organisms the opportunity to evolve their own AT SU N B R E L L A .CO M / FOSC EU.
protections, the speed of this man-induced climate change requires man-made
protections. Ideally, we don’t want sunlight to be totally “on” or “off,” and that
is where UV-resistant shading fabric (as well as shade itself) comes into play.
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Photograph: Rafael Gamo

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Building a better wall at

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How the
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Faced with a countdown After more than three decades of intensive use, the
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project managers turned
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to an innovative new wall UF wanted the entire project completed with minimum
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mat gypsum sheathing panel has an requirements and schedule.
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“It was a unique, atypical building. It was also done. Fewer steps make it faster.”

an aggressive schedule with just eight months While there was little chance the temporary wall
would leak during its approximately six-month service
to do the majority of the construction work.” life, the 12-month limited warranty for exposure to
– Courtney Pittman, vice president, normal weather conditions provided the other project
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*For complete warranty details, visit denselement.com 133 Peachtree Street, N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30303
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 Indian Mountain Student Arts and Innovation Center
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12 2017
NEWS 55 INTERIORS TECHNOLOGY
56 PETER MARINO’S LOBSTER CLUB
23 NEW BLOOMBERG HQ BY FOSTER + PARTNERS 100 ACOUSTICS FOUR NEW COMMUNITY GATHERING
By Pilar Viladas SPACES RAISE THE BAR ON SOUND QUALITY.
OPENS IN LONDON By Chris Foges 58 ALLIED WORKS’ ELEVEN MADISON PARK By Katharine Logan
26 STRATEGIES FOR PUBLIC DESIGN AT INNOVATION By Wendy Moonan
CONFERENCE IN NYC By Fred A. Bernstein
RECORD PRODUCTS 2017
28 ARCHITECTS BRING SOLAR TO HURRICANE-
BATTERED PUERTO RICO By James Russell
DESIGN VANGUARD 2017
107 INTRODUCTION
61 INTRODUCTION
30 THE BIENNIAL MONTEREY DESIGN CONFERENCE
108 FURNISHINGS
HOSTS 750 ARCHITECTS By Josephine Minutillo 62 AMBROSI ETCHEGARAY By Jennifer Krichels
110 LIGHTING
32 NEWSMAKER: CHRISTIAAN DINKELOO 64 LEVER ARCHITECTURE By Joann Gonchar, AIA
By Suzanne Stephens 114 OPENINGS
66 DAVID KOHN ARCHITECTS By Pilar Viladas
116 KITCHEN & BATH
68 LAND ARQUITECTOS By Miriam Sitz
DEPARTMENTS 70 STPMJ ARCHITECTURE By Clifford A. Pearson
118 FACADES & ROOFING
120 FINISHES
18 EDITOR’S LETTER: CITIES AND CULTURE 72 UUFIE By Alex Klimoski
122 BUILDING SYSTEMS COMPONENTS
35 HOUSE OF THE MONTH: ERIC ROSEN ARCHITECTS’ 74 FREELANDBUCK By Cara Greenberg
BARRINGTON RESIDENCE IN LOS ANGELES
76 MAX NÚÑEZ ARQUITECTOS By Laura Raskin
By Deborah Snoonian Glenn 163 CALL FOR ENTRIES
78 BRUTHER By Andrew Ayers
41 EXHIBITIONS: GORDON MATTA-CLARK AT THE
164 DATES & EVENTS
BRONX MUSEUM OF THE ARTS 80 ALAN TSE DESIGN By Derek De Koff
By Peter Plagens 168 SNAPSHOT: SITE SANTA FE By Linda C. Lentz
45 GUESS THE ARCHITECT BUILDING TYPE STUDY 989
47 BOOKS: GREATER GOTHAM MUSEUMS
Reviewed by Anna Shapiro
85 INTRODUCTION THIS PAGE: DISSOLVING ARCH, BY STPMJ ARCHITECTURE.
49 BOOKS: MONOGRAPHS PHOTO COURTESY AMOREPACIFIC MUSEUM OF ART.
Reviewed by Suzanne Stephens 86 LOUVRE ABU DHABI, ABU DHABI ATELIERS JEAN
NOUVEL By Josephine Minutillo COVER: LOUVRE ABU DHABI, BY ATELIERS JEAN NOUVEL.
PHOTO BY ROLAND HALBE.
94 ZEITZ MOCAA, CAPE TOWN HEATHERWICK
See expanded coverage of Projects and Building Type Studies as well as
STUDIO By Sarah Williams Goldhagen Web-only features at architecturalrecord.com.
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18 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017
editor’s letter

Cities and Culture

A look at innovative architecture—and an
artist’s take on the cycles of urban growth.
Here’s a milestone for you: the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao
celebrated its 20th anniversary this fall. Besides launching a major
transformation of a sleepy Spanish industrial city, the museum’s open-
ing unleashed a global arts race to elevate urban fortunes with radical
cultural architecture—a phenomenon still very much with us today.
Before Bilbao, there were innovative modern museums, of course—the
first Guggenheim (1959), by the first Frank, and Marcel Breuer’s
Whitney (1966) are just two examples—but Frank Gehry’s building was
far more influential for the field of architecture at large, prompting a
flood of high-profile competitions and game-changing commissions for
the many contemporary designers who were scrambling to mount the
world stage.
Some of these architectural forays glorified the urban past, converting
moribund industrial buildings into arts facilities for the digital age—like
the Tate Modern by Herzog & de Meuron (2000)—while others, such as
the MAXXI museum in Rome by Zaha Hadid (2009), left history in the
dust, though responded to some aspects of the local surroundings.
Now two new, ambitious, far-flung museums reflecting these trends
have opened, and in this issue, we are pleased to publish firsthand re-
ports on both of them. In the Middle East, the Abu Dhabi Louvre by Jean
Nouvel (page 86), is finally complete after 11 years in the making—the Heatherwick’s work at the Zeitz is grand, refined, and dependent on
first arts facility on Saadiyat Island in the capital of the UAE, long sophisticated engineering.
planned as a cultural destination (though the other anticipated facilities, Matta-Clark (1943–78), on the other hand, who crossed the other way,
designed by Gehry, Hadid, Ando, and Foster, seem to be on indefinite from a Cornell architecture degree to art, was an outlier—a renegade
hold). Nouvel can be hit or miss with cultural buildings—it’s not easy to artist with a political and social agenda. He possessed a Duchampian
square his exquisite Parisian jewel, the Fondation Cartier (1994), with the sense of humor (the son of artists, he had as his godmother Marcel’s wife)
dreary Musée du Quai Branly (2006). But in Abu Dhabi, the architect has and a capacity for outrageous behavior: he once shot out some windows
reinterpreted an Arab idiom, creating an immense, magnificent dome, at the Institute of Architecture and Urban Studies in New York with an
made of thousands of metal elements installed in a lattice-like pattern, air rifle—a comment, some said, on contemporary architectural practice.
that hovers over the lavish galleries like the mother ship in Close Still, he remains a touchstone and inspiration for many architects,
Encounters of the Third Kind, sprinkling the public spaces with beautifully including Eric Rosen of Los Angeles, who designed record’s House of the
dappled light. Month (page 35). A new exhibition at the Bronx Museum of Art, Gordon
In Cape Town, South Africa, Thomas Heatherwick has transformed an Matta-Clark: Anarchitect (page 41), explores the artist’s work: with his
early 20th-century industrial-scale granary on the waterfront into the toolbox of chainsaw and chisels, he cut voids, holes, and slices into der-
dramatic Zeitz Museum of Contemporary Art Africa (page 94). At the elict buildings in the Bronx and elsewhere, letting in light and revealing

P H O T O G R A P H Y: © M I C H E L A R N AU D
core of his design is one extraordinary move: he cut into the clusters of their naked innards. The city was his canvas—and his work a kind of
poured-in-place-concrete grain silos—some as high as 200 feet—to create protest against the inevitable urban cycle of decay and rebirth.
a towering atrium of immense vaults and curves, an awe-inspiring space
that is both elegant and a bit eerie. The London-based designer is deeply
engaged in making architecture these days, though he is the first to
point out that, as a student, he avoided architecture school and studied Cathleen McGuigan, Editor in Chief
3-D design at Manchester Polytechnic and the Royal College of Art. His
crossing of disciplines—and cutting up of an obsolete old building—has
echoes of the late conceptual artist Gordon Matta-Clark, though
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 perspective
ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017
news 23

D A I LY U P D AT E S
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twitter.com/archrecord

We have to be vigilant, even when the world today is a cowardly place.

—Mahesh Ramanujam, president and CEO of the U.S. Green Building Council, speaking about sustainability at Greenbuild 2017 in Boston.

New Bloomberg HQ
by Foster + Partners
Opens in London
BY CHRIS FOGES

BloomBerg’s new London headquarters,

designed by Foster + Partners, reflects a con-
cern for neighbors, both near and far. It is billed
as the world’s most sustainable office building,
and, “in the 21st century, being a good neighbor
means being a good steward of the environ-
ment,” says Mike Bloomberg. As a “guest” in the
city, being a good neighbor also means making
an effort to “fit in,” he notes, which has in-
formed the character of the 1.1 million-square-
foot building.
Its 3.2-acre plot lies in the heart of the City
of London financial district. Though it was
possible to build up to 22 stories on part of
the site, Bloomberg opted to conform to the
10-story height limit imposed elsewhere to
protect views of St Paul’s Cathedral; in fact,
the top two floors are set back, so only eight
are visible. A pedestrian street divides the building,
Within the tight urban grain, where streets which contains 1.1 million square feet of
office and retail space for Bloomberg’s
follow ancient patterns, “we were very con- 4,000 London-based employees
scious of the need to deliver some breathing (above). At its core, a spiraling,
space,” says project architect Michael Jones. triple-helix ramp spans 700 feet and six
The building is split into two, reinstating a floors (left).
public route through the site along the line of
an old Roman road. Cutbacks at the corners the building, where cores would
form public plazas, edged by restaurants. conventionally be found, a giant
A deep sandstone frame lends a “classic” void allows clear views across
scale and order to the facades while reflecting floors and vertical circulation
P H O T O G R A P H Y: © N I G E L YO U N G / F O S T E R + PA R T N E R S

the materiality of nearby buildings. Bronze via elliptical ramps. “I’ve always
fins are inset within the frame, angled to give been a believer in open offices,”
an impression of solidity when viewed oblique- says Bloomberg. “Walls get in
ly and oriented to provide solar shading. For the way of people coming to-
Norman Foster, the project represents “a new gether to solve problems.”
kind of balancing act between the use of The serpentine coil of the
weighty materials—of layering, depth and reveal, in which the building emerges as visi- ramps also provides a point of visual interest
solidity—and the quality of lightness which tors move through it.” The double-height lobby that is vital to a building with limited outward
has been a preoccupation of the office over comprises a ring of three curving, oak-clad views, says Michael Jones. “You need some-
decades.” shells, each leaning on the next. Overhead, a thing to visually and ‘spiritually’ elevate the
While the building’s exterior might be as work of art by Olafur Eliasson is one of many place. Everyone focuses on one place in the
sober as a well-cut City suit, “Mike Bloomberg site-specific commissions in the building. interior, rather than looking out at different
was clear that the interior should reflect the The so-called “Vortex” lobby disperses visi- things—it’s a communal experience.”
dynamism of the company,” says Jones. Bloom- tors to banks of elevators located against the The skylit void is a vital part of the natural
berg also wished to avoid the grandiosity of facade. On the upper floors, the reason for ventilation system, funneling stale air to roof-
typical office foyers, preferring a “gradual perimeter cores becomes clear: in the heart of top vents. Fresh air is admitted through the

Visit our online section, architecturalrecord.com/news.

24 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017
perspectivenews
bronze facade fins, which contain “We tried to reinterpret some quintes­
attenuators to remove traffic sentially British details that you find
around the City of London,” says project
noise. Norman Foster refers to architect Michael Jones about the Vortex.
these breathing wall elements as “This is literally a wood­paneled lobby with
“gills,” and another organic meta- a twist.”
phor is clearly suggested in the
office ceilings, which comprise building otherwise offers few of
2.5 million polished aluminum the amenities with which similar
“petals.” Arranged like flower- companies try to keep staff on
heads, in tessellating clusters of their premises. Instead, the 4,000
six, they are folded to reflect light occupants are encouraged to ven-
from integral LEDs and to modify ture outside for lunch or enter-
acoustics. Integrated cold-water tainment: helping local businesses
pipes allow the ceilings to chill is another part of being a good
incoming air in an energy-effi- neighbor, says Michael Jones.
cient way without creating The public is also invited in, to
condensation. Compressing all visit a basement museum where
services into this 4-inch-deep layer the subterranean remains of the
made it possible to fit 10 stories within the teamwork and research that has gone into it.” Roman Temple of Mithras will be presented
building’s permitted envelope, each with Technical studies were extensive and, no alongside some of the 14,000 archaeological
floor-to-ceiling heights of at least 9½ feet. doubt, expensive (no costs have been re- items recovered during construction. In
Technological ingenuity is expressed only leased). Ventilation calculations included the restoring Roman heritage and responding to
subtly: to minimize visible lifting gear within construction of a full-scale prototype of a context, the Bloomberg building shows itself
glazed elevator enclosures, glass cars are piece of the building, large enough for 30 conscious of history while writing the next
cantilevered from the inside of the stone workstations, which was subjected to Arctic chapter. In its material weight and crafted
facade, and rise as if by magic. “The building and tropical temperatures. character, this well-behaved “guest” gives a
is the tip of an iceberg,” says Foster. “What While a double-height social space dubbed clear indication that it will be around for a
you don’t see is the enormous amount of “the pantry” serves coffee and snacks, the long time to come. n

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26 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017
perspective news

Strategies for Public Design at Innovation Conference in NYC

BY FRED A. BERNSTEIN
The seTTing, an ornate auditorium in Man­ preserving the public realm,” said Rogers.
hattan’s Masonic Hall, was designed for semi­ Chris Reed, the founding director of Stoss
secret rituals, but architectural record’s Landscape Urbanism, presented work that
latest Innovation Conference was the opposite, similarly folded functional solutions into
focusing on ways that architecture can benefit public amenities—including the Plaza at
society at large—the public. Harvard University, built on an overpass, and
Michael Kimmelman, the architecture critic part of a post–High Line crop of public spaces
for The New York Times, articulated some of the that make the most of their entanglements
challenges of what he called “the first urban with infrastructure.
century,” including climate change and envi­ But to pursue such projects, a city first
ronmental devastation. “These are problems needs to survive. Amy Chester, the managing
we designed our way into and can design our director of Rebuild by Design, spoke with
way out of,” he said, adding that “the world Simon David of Bjarke Ingels Group about the
has a profound appetite for the problem­solv­ “Big U,” the firm’s plan for protecting Lower
ing skills that only architects can offer.” Manhattan from storm surges, and with

P H O T O G R A P H Y: © S T E V E H I L L
Those problem­solving skills were demon­ David Waggonner about Waggonner & Ball’s
strated by Brendan MacFarlane, Marion Weiss resiliency plans for New Orleans and
and Michael Manfredi, Sharon Johnston and Bridgeport, Connecticut. In each case,
Mark Lee, and other speakers. Rob Rogers, the Waggonner said, the projects require meet­
founder of New York–based Rogers Partners ings with countless agencies. His description
Architects + Urban Designers, showed a series of those meetings could just as easily have Shohei Shigematsu, who runs the 85-person New York
office of OMA, is master-planning a new campus for
of projects for pedestrian zones around impor­ applied to the record conference: “If we’re in
Facebook that eschews suburban office-park conventions.
tant public buildings. “You can solve the the room, it’s because we want to make a “We are trying to create urban fabric, to stitch this back
specific demands of counterterrorism while difference through design.” n into the city,” he said.

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28 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017
perspective news

Architects Bring Solar to Hurricane-Battered Puerto Rico

BY JAMES RUSSELL

On OctOber 22, the Buena Vista community

center in San Juan, Puerto Rico, switched off
one of the many noisy generators that became
an inescapable part of life after Hurricane
Maria devastated the country on September
20. For the first time in weeks, fans in the
center turned through the blessed silence. A
refrigerator hummed and lights glowed.
This small miracle on an island staggering
to recover was powered by a 5-kilowatt photo-
voltaic (PV) solar array and battery pack. It
was the first installation by an ambitious
nonprofit called Resilient Power Puerto Rico
that aims to rapidly restore electrical service
by installing permanent solar arrays on the
island, which lost almost its entire grid to the
hurricane. Full restoration of the electrical
system could take years.
Puerto Rico’s economy was spiraling down-
ward before the storm, a plight largely ignored
by Congress and the rest of the U.S. The local
power company, PREPA, which had discour-
aged solar and largely depended on costly
imported oil, declared bankruptcy in July.
Resilient Power Puerto Rico launched only

P H O T O G R A P H Y: © P U E R T O R I C O N AT I O N A L G UA R D ( T O P ) ; C O U R T E S Y R E S I L I E N T P O W E R P U E R T O R I C O ( B O T T O M )
a week after the hurricane, when the full
extent of the tragedy became evident. Its
principals are architect Jonathan Marvel, More than two months after Hurricane
urban designer Walter Meyer, landscape archi- Maria pummeled Puerto Rico (above),
millions of residents still lack electricity.
tect Jennifer Bolstad, and attorney Christina New solar arrays, like this one on the roof
Roig. Though all are New Yorkers, each has of a community center in San Juan
close ties to the island. (right), provide a sustainable power
The partners are targeting community source.
facilities including health clinics, food kitch- Martín Peña area of San Juan,
ens, and nonprofit service providers, to play a critical role in storm re-
increase each installation’s impact. The group covery: each serves from 20,000
raised $150,000 in days, permitting rapid to 50,000 people. Volunteers
deployment of solar-panel and battery-pack share information, help storm
kits to the island. victims apply for aid, and give
With at least 25 PV arrays nearing comple- out tarps, food, medicines, and
tion by press time, the organization is other necessities.
ramping up fund-raising and training to bring The PV arrays charge phones
100 sites all over the island online in 100 days, and operate computers, water
according to Meyer, a cofounder with Bolstad purifiers (since all the reservoirs have been at cost, Resilient Power Puerto Rico can
of Local Office Landscape and Urban Design. polluted by the storm), and refrigerators that deliver the 5-kW solar arrays for around
To attract larger funders, “We had to take the store medicines and make ice. With battery $25,000, less than half the market rate.
fear factor out” by showing they could deliver packs supplied, “the centers can operate on Meyer and Marvel expect the development
the installations quickly, said Marvel, princi- three shifts if they want,” said Meyer, since of solar hubs to grow rapidly, linked together
pal of Marvel Architects, which has offices in volunteers are abundant. to form microgrids that could mix solar with
Manhattan and San Juan. The sun-drenched climate makes the island other renewable sources. The road to energy
This plan was not unprecedented: in 2012, a perfect candidate for PV at large scale. Local independence could be a source of skilled
Meyer directed the installation of solar gen- people, working with a licensed electrician, jobs—sorely lacking before the storm—as well
erators at neighborhood facilities in the are being trained to mount the arrays on the as a clean-energy alternative that can survive
Rockaways, an ocean-side community of New flat concrete roofs that top most nonresiden- future hurricanes.
York hard hit by Hurricane Sandy. tial buildings. The arrays can resist 150-mile- “When they see the installations on the
Community centers in Puerto Rico, such as per-hour winds, according to Marvel. community centers,” said Marvel, “people will
the long-established Buena Vista in the Caño With donated labor and materials acquired say, ‘I could have that.’” n
30 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017
perspective news

The Biennial Monterey Design

Conference Hosts 750 Architects
BY JOSEPHINE MINUTILLO

EntEring its fourth decade, the highly regarded Monterey Design

Conference (MDC) bills itself as an intellectually vibrant weekend that
promotes casual conversation among attendees and its illustrious present-
ers, which in the past have included Pritzker Prize laureates Rem Koolhaas,
Shigeru Ban, and Thom Mayne. This year’s MDC did not disappoint.
The three-day event, organized by the AIA California Council, took
place in October at a historic Monterey Peninsula conference center,

P H O T O G R A P H Y: C O U R T E S Y A I A C A L I F O R N I A C O U N C I L
where a number of the structures were designed by Julia Morgan. Over
900 attendees, 750 of them architects, were treated to thought-provok-
ing, inspiring, and often amusing lectures by some of today’s leading Attendees gather in the Julia Morgan-designed Merrill Hall, located on the beachfront
Asilomar Conference Grounds, originally built for the YWCA.
practitioners from around the world, including Copenhagen-based
Dorte Mandrup and Paris-based Dominique Jakob. Tokyo-based Sou Gere Kavanaugh. Looking ahead to the future of design, it also show-
Fujimoto, along with New York–based Shohei Shigematsu of OMA, cased emerging talent from throughout California, including 2017
brought the house down with respective presentations that, in both record Design Vanguard winner Alan Tse (page 80).
cases, were visually stunning as well as hilarious. Emcee Reed Kroloff While there was no theme to the conference, one that emerged from
set the tone for the relaxed affair, which also included fireside festivi- the works presented is the growing importance of integrating landscape
ties, a film screening, house tours, and a reception sponsored by design into the design of buildings—in some cases, the two becoming
architectural record honoring 2017 AIA Architecture Firm Award indistinguishable. The focus on landscape was all too present during
winner Leddy Maytum Stacy Architects of San Francisco. MDC as the catastrophic fires of Northern California raged on through-
As it always does, MDC carved out time within that busy schedule to out that weekend, affecting a number of attendees and communities
look back on the careers of the elder statesmen and -women of design— within a three-hour drive from the conference grounds.
this year honoring Beverly Willis and hosting talks by Ed Fella and The next MDC will take place from October 25 to 27, 2019. n

THE SKYSCRAPER MUSEUM

JEDDAH TOWER 2020

WORLD’S TALLEST BUILDINGS IN 1908 from, A HISTORY OF THE SINGER BUILDING CONSTRUCTION (1908) SINGER BUILDING 1908 METROPOLITAN LIFE TOWER 1909 WOOLWORTH BUILDING 1913 40 WALL STREET 1930 CHRYSLER BUILDING 1930 EMPIRE STATE BUILDING 1931
WORLD TRADE CENTER 1974 SEARS TOWER 1976
PETRONAS TOWERS 1998 TAIPEI 101 2004 BURJ KHALIFA 2010

SLENDER RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN NEW YORK CITY

A new form in skyscraper history has evolved in New York since 2007: the super-slim, ultra-luxury residential tower. All 50 to 90+ stories in height,
DUBAI SLENDERS these buildings use a strategy of small floor plates and slenderness to pile their limited FAR high in the sky. The 18 buildings here, completed or under
construction in 2017, are similarly slender, though of very different heights.
The government of Dubai, one of the United Arab
2003 Emirates, has invested in and encouraged the
1970 GROUND ZERO MASTER PLAN construction of supertalls, especially for residential
WTC WIND TUNNEL TESTING developments and vacation properties. Dense clusters
The Lower Manhattan Development Corporation (LMDC) of buildings, such as Dubai Marina, dubbed “the tallest
1907 “HOW FAR CAN NEW YORK Insert caption here! was created after 9/11 to oversee the rebuilding and to block in the world,” crowd towers of 80 to 100+ stories SHANGHAI SKYLINE 2020
1903 1908 CLIMB INTO THE SKY?” 1917 1947-52 administer the expenditure of federal funds for the World onto small sites overlooking the Gulf. Unlike New York’s
1908 super-slender condos, the Dubai towers often contain JEDDAH TOWER
FLATIRON BUILDING CITY INVESTING BUILDING 1915 HALLIDIE BUILDING, SAN FRANSICO UNITED NATIONS SECRETARIAT Trade Center site. In 2003, the LMDC organized an Shanghai, China’s largest city, is home to a trio of
500 or more apartments.
SINGER BUILDING The New York World, with Joseph Pulitzer as publisher
EQUITABLE BUILDING 1998 1999 international competition for a master plan for Ground supertalls at the center of the master plan of the A kilometer-tall tower – 1,000 meters/ 3,281 feet – was
Rising 285 feet, the Flatiron Building was shorter than The City Investing Company Building rose on the same from 1883 to 1911, was one of the most widely read
1913 Credited as the first pure glass curtain wall in America, 1930 1932 Designed by a multinational team of architects, but 1974
Zero that would determine the location of the memorial, Lujiazui Finance & Trade Zone. Completed in 2016, an obvious target height for the next world’s tallest
newspapers of its day. The Sunday edition featured PETRONAS TOWERS, KUALA LUMPUR JIN MAO TOWER cultural buildings, and rebuilt office space. Daniel the Shanghai Tower rises 632 meters/ 2,073 feet,
several contemporary skyscrapers, but it remains a The headquarters of the Singer Manufacturing Co. on block as the Singer tower and was completed the same
colorful artwork, including this cover of the magazine 1908 WOOLWORTH BUILDING Built to replace the first Equitable Building, destroyed by the Hallidie Building prefigured the late-20th century 40 WALL STREET ROCKEFELLER CENTER credited principally to Le Corbusier, the UN Secretariat
SEARS TOWER building in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Designed by Adrian
New York favorite due to its dramatic triangular “flat- year, when together the two represented the tallest and Libeskind won with his concept “Memory Foundations,” exceeding the previous record holders – the Jin Mao
lower Broadway were expanded–upward–with a tower by
section of January 20, 1907, “How Far Can New York METROPOLITAN LIFE TOWER fire in 1912, the massive 40-story office block rose 542 aesthetic of a glass membrane or “skin.” The design by 1930 established the primacy of the post-war International
When the twin Petronas Towers were completed in 1998, The tallest building in China and a symbol of Shanghai’s 2008 which included a large area for the memorial, edged on
Smith + Gordon Gill Architecture, the tower’s Y-shaped,
iron” shape that narrows to just 6 feet at Fifth Avenue architect Ernest Flagg that became the tallest building in largest office buildings in the world. architect Willis Polk engaged the cantilevering capacity of At 927 feet, the 70-story 40 Wall Street was the world’s The most ambitious private construction endeavor of Style in the U.S. The simple slab form and expansive Tower and Shanghai World Financial Center – to buttressed core of reinforced concrete applies the same
and Broadway at 23rd St. The official name, the Fuller the world at 612 feet. The tower’s slenderness required
Climb into the Sky?” by illustrator Louis Biedermann. Dubbed the “Cathedral of Commerce,” the neo-Gothic feet at 120 Broadway, casting its neighbors into perpetual
a reinforced concrete frame and relied on thin mullions to HEIGHT COMPARISON, FORTUNE glass façades marked a striking contrast to the brick and At 1,454 feet to its rooftop (1,730 feet to the tip of the the title of world’s tallest building passed for the first ascendancy as the “head of the dragon” when it was BURJ KHALIFA CONSTRUCTION the north and east by five skyscrapers. The tallest he become the tallest buiding in China.
In the early 1900s, New York was the world’s only true tower designed by Cass Gilbert for five-and-dime store shadow. The last major skyscraper constructed before tallest building for only a month before the completion the era, Rockefeller Center replaced three low-rise city time outside the U.S. Named for the national petroleum completed in 1999, Jin Mao was a harbinger of the Asian structural strategies that Smith pioneered with the Burj
Building, referred to Fuller Construction Co., the major costly caisson foundations and innovative wind bracing Built as the expanded headquarters for the “world’s hold the glass exterior in place. stone-clad towers of the twenties. antennae) , the 110-story Sears Tower was the world’s called the “Freedom Tower,” which would rise 1776 feet
skyscraper city, for Chicago restricted its high-rises to a magnate Frank W. Woolworth soared 792 feet on a building regulations were instituted in 1916, with 1.2 of the Chrysler Building. The tower required a complex blocks between Fifth and Sixth Avenue with over a dozen Khalifa. The 330 meters above the 167th-floor – the top
skyscraper builders who erected, owned, and had designed by engineer Otto F. Semsch. largest insurer,” the Metropolitan Life Building stretches
millsion square feet of rentable space it was the world’s strategy of simultaneous wrecking and foundation work
Featured in the September 1930 issue of the business magazine Fortune as part of a five-article series on skyscrapers, this drawing compares the structural
high-rise buildings. The complex created a multi-level, STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS tallest building until 1996 when the title moved to company of Malaysia, the principal client, the project was supertall tower. While its pagoda-like form referred to Insert caption here! to reference the year of American Independence. occupied level – is a structure as tall as the Chrysler
headquarters in the speculative office building. maximum 260 feet. Just announced at the time of this 700 feet into the midtown skyline at Madison Square. full block of Broadway at City Hall Park to become the
that builders Starrett Bros. & Eken–who erected the
heights of the world’s tallest buildings. The same month, the Empire State Building topped out its main structural frame at 1,050 feet on the 86th floor, poised
mixed-use development for business, entertainment, and
Malaysia’s Petronas Towers, leaving Sears (now Willis designed by American architect Cesar Pelli. Chinese tradition, its structural engineering and mixed- 2010
cartoon, the Metropolitan Life Tower would rise to 700 world’s tallest building. At evening ceremonies on April largest office building. Tower) as America’s tallest skyscraper. use program were new. Offices fill the lower 52 stories, Building. The tower will contain a five-star hotel, luxury
feet.
Designed by Napoleon LeBrun & Sons, the tower’s
24, 1913, electric lights that illuminated the ornate terra Empire State Building–called “the most complicated and
to overtake the 1,046-foot tall Chrysler Building.
shopping, integrated with mass transit, that has served Insert caption here!
while from 53 to 87, hotel rooms occupy the perimeter of BURJ KHALIFA apartments, office space, and the world’s highest
slender shaft clad in white Tuckahoe marble and ornate the most difficult” of all their projects; still, demolition and an a paradigm for recent projects worldwide.
high-pitched roof and lantern evoke the Campanile cotta facade and the offices within were switched on from the tower and a large open atrium creates a vertiginous observatory on 157, the sky terrace.
Washington, D.C. by President Woodrow Wilson. erection took just 12 months. central space. Insert caption here!
of San Marco. Today the tower stands stripped of its
classical detailing after a 1960 modernization remodel. 2004
1967 1976 TAIPEI 101
SKY LOBBY CN TOWER, TORONTO
Tallest building in the word on its completion in 2004,
The 1,815-foot CN Tower functions as an antenna, Taipei 101 stretched 509 meters to the tip of its
Devised for quicker and more space-efficient elevator antenna spire. Designed to resist typhoon winds, the
broadcasting TV and radio signals above surrounding
transport in the WTC, the sky lobby system functioned
skyscrapers. The tower includes a restaurant, gift tower was a hybrid structure of steel and concrete that SLENDERNESS RATIO
like subway lines, with express elevators carrying used outrigger trusses to tie its steel-braced core to
shop, and two observation decks. It was the tallest free-
passengers to transfer floors where passengers could
standing structure in the world from 1976-2010. eight perimeter mega-columns. Slenderness is an engineering definition that refers to
switch to local elevators. The system was appealing for the ratio of the width of the base to the height. Engineers
supertalls since local elevator shafts could be stacked consider towers with a minimum 1:10 or 1:12 ratio, like
atop one another, minimizing unrentable space. 1971 the ruler at left, to be “slender.” Many very tall buildings
WTC TUBE CONSTRUCTION are not slender: the original World Trade Center (middle) 2018
2011 was designed at a ratio of about 1:7, while 432 Park 111 WEST 57TH STREET
Insert caption here! GROUND ZERO RECONSTRUCTION Avenue (right) has a ratio of 1:15.
1929 1969 2012 With an extraordinary ratio of 1:23 – the most slender
NYC ECONOMIC HEIGHT CTBUH The underground levels and foundations of large MAKKAH ROYAL CLOCK TOWER building in the city and the world – the apartment tower at
111 W. 57th St. has a footprint just under 60 x 80 feet. and
The economic height of a skyscraper refers to the 1974 skyscrapers often have vast areas devoted to
crests at 435 meters/ 1,428 feet. Referencing romantic
The Council on Tall Bulidings and Urban Habitat, an mechanical systems, transportation, retail, parking, The centerpiece of a seven-building complex that
number of stories that will produce the highest rate SEARS TOWER and other uses. Few are as complex as the “bathtub” skyscrapers like the Woolworth Building, architects SHoP
organization that studies and reports on the design overlooks the Kaaba, the Makkah Royal Clocktower is
1908 1909 of return on the money invested. At some point in the faced the concrete shear walls, engineered buy WSP, with
LATE 1950s and construction of tall buildings, has since the 1980s of the World Trade Center, which keeps out Hudson built of steel and reinforced concrete atop a 15-story
RIVETERS AT SINGER BUILDING HUDSON TERMINAL BUILDINGS construction of every highrise, the law of diminishing
1952 refereed the definition and rankings of the heights
Engineer Fazlur Khan developed the “bundled tube”
River water and accommodates the 9/11 Memorial hotel that serves as a podium. German firm SL Rasch
decorative patterns of glazed terra cotta.
returns sets in, and rents for additional stories do not COMPOSITE STEEL DECKS of buildings worldwide according to several criteria:
structural system for Sears Tower in which a block of
and Museum and PATH trains, as well as services the designed the clock and spire portion of the tower, which
The highly competitive contract for the provision and When completed in 1909, the pair of 22-story structures cover costs. The 1930 study, The Skyscraper: A Study
1931 LEVER HOUSE architectural top; highest occupied floor: and the top of
nine tubes, each 75 feet on a side, worked together to
commercial towers. By the tenth anniversary of 9/11,
in the Economic Height of Modern Office Buildings Composite steel decks were introduced as a new type of stiffen the structure and afford large areas of column-free 1998 tops out at 601 meters/ 1,972 feet. The hilal, the golden
erection of the Singer Building’s steel frame was awarded built for the Hudson & Manhattan Railroad was the
compared eight different building heights on a 200 x 405- EMPIRE STATE MOORING MAST The seminal “glass box,” Lever House initiated a series permanent formwork, used to support wet concrete floors
spires or antennae.
space. In elevation, above the 50th floor the extruded PETRONAS TOWERS, KUALA LUMPUR
most of the 70-foot deep foundations of the site were crescent that crowns the structure, contains the world’s
to Milliken Brothers, Inc., which had a large mill facility in world’s largest office building, covering a ground area of built up to street level or above. highest occupied built space (592 meters): a prayer room
foot lot and determined that, for land valued at $200 a of high-rises built on Park Avenue in the 1960s and as they dry. Various types of metal deck systems had squares push up in pairs or separately to create the
Staten Island. Gangs of four highly skilled workers were 70,000 square feet. The complex rose above the terminal for the royal family.
required to join the I-beams with red-hot rivets. connecting Jersey City and lower Manhattan; the Hudson 1916 1922 square foot, the economic height was 63 stories. The equivalent of 102 stories, the top 200 feet of the
1970s that would remake Park Avenue as a corridor of existed since the 1890s, but it was only in the 1950s that tower’s stepped form. The 88-story Petronas Towers were designed in a style
Empire State Building was an ornamental spire called
1905 & Manhattan tunnels later became the PATH system.
1911 NYC ZONING LAW WRIGLEY BUILDING corporate modernism. Designed by Gordon Bunshaft strong decks became integrated into the floor system by that made reference to Islamic architecture in its play with 1999
the mooring mast, where passenger dirigibles might dock engaging concrete. XXXX geometric forms and to Chinese traditions in its symbolic SHANGHAI TOWER
NEW YORK TIMES TOWER
The Hudson Terminal Buildings were demolished for the
WOOLWORTH BLDG WIND BRACING (though they never did). The extra structure above the
of SOM, the headquarters for the soap company Lever
1963-66 TV TOWERS use of “lucky eights.” The complex site necessitated the
JIN MAO TOWER SUPER COLUMNS
World Trade Center. 19XX The New York City Zoning Resolution of 1916 restricted The tallest building in Chicago until 1924, the chewing- the 85 floors of offices and observation deck ensured
Brothers rose only 24 stories, but its all-glass curtain wall
Incorporating sustainability into skyscraper designs
the use, height, and bulk of buildings, in districts 1932 and ceiling planes of fluorescent lighting made the tower DEWITT-CHESTNUT APARTMENTS world’s deepest foundations–friction piles that vary in
The New York Times headquarters was completed in NEW YORK CITY SKYLINE At 55 stories and 792 feet, the Woolworth Building or “zones.” Its provisions for segregation of uses–
gum company headquarters comprised two towers
1930 the skyscraper would command the title of world’s tallest
a model of transparency. Some of the tallest manmade structures in the world are length up to 394 feet to reach the bedrock that sloped
Built around an octagonal concrete core surrounded
rethinks traditional aspects of floor and programmatic Innovations in high-performance structural systems
connected by walkways. The ornate clock tower of white building by topping out at 1250 feet. RCA BULIDING by eight main super-frame columns and eight
layouts. To tackle problems of congestion, pollution, and that integrate daring architectural form with the
1905 on a triangular site at the intersection of Broadway, was an exceptionally tall and slender structure that commercial, residential, and unrestricted–compared with terra cotta reaches 425 ft. CHRYSLER BUILDING The 43-story reinforced concrete Dewitt-Chestnut TV and radio broadcasting towers that double as tourist sharply underground.
exterior columns, Jin Mao’s pagoda-like form rises in
demands of complex loading criteria have assisted the
Seventh Avenue and 42 St., an area soon dubbed Times Insert caption here! required substantial bracing to withstand lateral attractions and observation platforms, in the tradition extreme weather conditions, skyscrapers like the Shanghai
Square. The Times claimed that at 476 ft, the building wind pressures. The majority of the building, up to
several American cities in the first decade of the century.
Designed by a consortium of architects led by modernist
Apartments was the first to employ a framed-tube
of the Eiffel Tower. Of the five current tallest, Ostankino
mathematical increments of eight. Its 88 stories reflect XXXX Tower designed interior spaces functioning as communal skyward rise of efficient megatall towers. Shanghai
was the “City’s Tallest Structure from Base to Top,” the 27th floor, featured portal bracing and the upper
Its important innovation was the concept of the “zoning In a much publicized race into the sky with the 40 Wall icon Raymond Hood, the RCA Building took the form of
structural system of closely spaced perimeter columns
Tower in Moscow at 540 m/ 1772 ft is the oldest,
the symbolic “lucky eights” that signify prosperity. 2004 CANTON TOWER gathering spots, gardens, and a place for fresh air. Tower and Ping An Finance Center both rely on super-
envelope,” a formula that restricted the maximum mass Street tower, the Chrysler Building clinched the title of and stiff spandrel beams at each floor. This was the first
inflating its standard curb-to-top measurement of 363 ft floors used corner bracing. that could be constructed on a given site. world’s tallest building. Designed by architect William Van
a thin slab rather than the typical stepped pyramid form
of many structural innovations led by Fazuler Khan of constructed from 1963-1967. The most recent is Tokyo TUNED MASS DAMPER columns that reach sizes of 17-by-14 feet and 10-by-
by including its basements and flagpole. 1929 Alen, the flamboyant art deco icon reaches a total height
while achieving a total volume of over 2 million square
SOM that made supertall construction more economical. Sky Tree which topped out at 634 m/ 2080 ft in March 1997 Insert caption here! 20 feet respectively. These massive steel members
feet—comparable only to the Empire State Building. 2011. are embedded within reinforced concrete to form a
Designed to ensure a measure of light and air on city
STOCK MARKET CRASH of 1,050 feet with its 185-foot “vertex,” the stainless steel THE SKYSCRAPER MUSEUM To counteract sway, Taipei 101’s engineers Thornton
streets, the law required that after a fixed height above Tomasetti designed a 660-ton tuned mass damper that component of core wall-outrigger-mega frames.
the sidewalk (usually 100 or 150 feet), a commercial
needle spire. The following year, it was overtopped by
moves in opposition to the building. The pendulum, a TUNED MASS DAMPER
the 1,250-foot Empire State, which also contained twice
building must be stepped back within an “angle of light”
The Wall Street crash of October 1929 signaled the end
the area of floor space.
1970 The Skyscraper Museum mounts its first exhibition,
“Downtown New York,” in a vacant space at 44 Wall sphere 18 feet in diameter and composed of 41 circular
of the Roaring Twenties, an era of rampant speculation Tall, slender buildings sway in the wind. To prevent motion
drawn from the center of the street. A tower of unlimited
that fueled the construction of many skyscrapers.
WTC OPEN FLOOR PLAN Street. steel plates, is suspended from the 92nd to the 88th floor
sickness in sky-high residences, engineers invented
height was permitted over 25% of the lot. The resulting and doubles as a tourist attraction.
Despite the disruption of financial markets, construction opposed-pendulum tuned mass dampers (TMDs) that
“setback” massing, with or without a tower, became the
continued in major projects such as 40 Wall Street, the
Insert caption here! 2011 cram over 1,000 tons of dynamic mass into tight spaces at
characteristic form for the New York skyscraper from the 1996
Chrysler Building, and the Empire State Building, and TOKYO SKY TREE the tower’s top. TDMs allow architects and developers to
1920s through the 1950s.
slowed in general after 1930. MANDATORY REFUGE FLOORS overcome sway without adding exorbitant structural costs
The Tokyo Sky Tree topped out at 634 meters / 2,080 or sacrificing valuable interior space.
Hong Kong revised its building code in 1996 after a feet on 18 March 2011, making it the tallest tower, and
deadly fire in the 16-story Garley Building. The new second tallest structure in the world.
code required all tall buildings to include refuge floors to
protect building inhabitants. These measures have been
adopted across Asia.
2015
432 PARK AVENUE
1922 WIND TUNNEL TESTING
FERRISS FOUR STAGES 1951 1977 Designed by Rafael Vinoly, the minimalist white grid
WELDING & HIGH-STRENGTH BOLTING CITIGROUP CENTER Engineering against wind is one of the primary concerns of 432 Park Avenue reveals its structural system of
Hugh Ferriss’s drawings “The Four Stages” illustrated in the design of supertalls. To test performance, three exterior walls of high-strength concrete, framing 10-foot
the step-by-step shaping of the maximum mass High-strength bolting replaced riveting, allowing faster Standing on five points above train tracks, the complex types of wind tunnel models are used: pressure tap, force- square windows. With a 93-foot square plan, the all-
allowed by the New York zoning law into a profitable construction using less material and labor. Welding, engineering of the Citigroup Center included the world’s balance, and aeroelastic. Pressure tap models measure residential tower rises 425.5 meters/ 1,396 feet – higher
commercial structure. They made clear that block-sized first permitted by NYC Building Code in 1951, increased 1970 first large-scale tuned mass dampers, which are large forces on the façade to determine the necessary strength than the roof of One WTC – to command spectacular
1909 lots made possible imposing towers. The rendering of material efficiency and created less rigid connections, an concrete or steel weights that move on pendulums or views of Central Park and the skyline.
JOHN HANCOCK CENTER of materials. Force-balance models are used to calculate
BURNHAM PLAN 1909
the final stage imagined a structure with a central tower advancement that enabled tube structures. fluids to counteract sway in high winds.
shear and overturning forces. Aeroelastic testing gauges
1911 of 1,000 feet, around 70 stories, flanked by 40-story 1961 Architect Bruce Graham and structural engineer Fazlur
2014 dynamic response under wind loading to suggest ways
“KING’S DREAM OF NEW YORK” setback wings–far larger than any building of 1922, but
1902 In 1909, architect Daniel H. Burnham and Edward Bennett published “The Plan of Chicago” for the business group the Commercial Club. They envisioned
the future city of uniform blocks and radial avenues and a great, classical Civic Center, in contrast to the actual heterogeneous skyline. BANKERS TRUST BUILDING prefiguring the scale of the Empire State Building. 1931 1 CHASE MANHATTAN PLAZA Khan of SOM further developed the perimeter tube ONE WORLD TRADE CENTER to “confuse the wind,” as engineers term disorganizing
system with diagonal bracing, boldly expressed on the vortex-shedding. Together, these tests inform both AIR RIGHTS
CINCINATTI INGALLS BUILDING The drawing featured on the cover of the 1908/9 King’s EMPIRE STATE CONSTRUCTION façade of the John Hancock Center. The 100-story As built, One World Trade Center underwent significant the shape and structure of skyscrapers, resulting in
In search of a stylistic language for verticality, New York Completed in 1961, One Chase Manhattan Plaza was
Views of New York by delineator Harry Pettit envisioned
changes from the first design of the Freedom Tower. innovations like the stepped, triangular massing of the Burj HIGH HOTELS
Insert caption here! the future Broadway as a canyon of motley office City architects often relied on historical precedents. This
Designed for efficiency of construction, the Empire State 1930 the first major postwar development in lower Manhattan tower, a mixed-use program of office floors below and
1994 The 1961 NYC zoning law reformed the 1916 setback
AUSTRALIAN TOWERS
Scientific American cover observes the exaggerated and a major reinvestment in the declining fortunes of the 1959-64 apartments above, rises on Chicago’s Miracle Mile. The footprint became square, and the base was moved Khalifa or the spiraling outer shell of Shanghai Tower. regulation, premised on limiting bulk, and substituted a
blocks with bridges springing from one rooftop to the
scale of the Bankers Trust Building as compared to the
Building was erected in just 11 months from the setting CHICAGO BOARD OF TRADE BLDG historic financial district. A “tower in the plaza” in advance ORIENTAL PEARL TV TOWER farther from West Street. The simple symmetrical maximum floor area with a formula of Floor Area Ratio
Most 21st-century supertalls are mixed-use buildings
CHINESE MEGATALLS
next or tunneling through upper floors. At a time when of the first steel columns on April 7, 1930 to the fully MARINA CITY massing tapers and slants toward the top to form (FAR). The law allows the purchase and transfer of
The fast-growing Australian cities of Melbourne (top that combine office space with deep floor plates on lower
no zoning laws limited heights or lot coverage, the Venetian Campanile of San Marco. 1916 enclosed structure on March 31, 1931. At the peak of Insert caption here!
of the 1961 zoning law, 1 CMP occupied just 30% of its
Tallest building in Shanghai and Asia, until surpassed by alternating triangles. Designed by SOM, with David row) and Brisbane (bottom row), as well as the resort floors with a luxury hotel at the top. Since hotels need
cartoonist’s projection simply enlarged the problems of
NYC ZONING LAW construction the tower rose at the rate of a story a day.
lot and created a new public square.
Designed by the innovative modernist Bertrand Goldberg, 1964 2003
unused FAR from one lot to an adjacent site–one for
center Gold Coast, have embraced sky living and have only a shallow perimeter of rooms, tower shapes tend
Nearly half of the world’s 300+ meter skyscrapers are
the Shanghai World Finance Center, the Oriental Pearl Childs as principal architect, the glass tower disguises one. This device enables developers to concentrate located in China and Hong Kong. Most are mixed-use
the contemporary city such as building density and traffic
1913 the twin towers of Marina City were both the tallest KANGAROO CRANES 2008 approved all-residential towers of 80 stories and taller. to either taper or hollow out the center with an atrium.
congestion.
TV Tower was the first major structure in Lujiazui, the HIGHCLIFF SHANGHAI WORLD FINANCIAL CENTER
an immensely rigid base and core of concrete and steel. many square feet in a single supertall tower.
Melbourne’s planned tallest, Australia 108, will contain Pioneered by Jin Mao in Shanghai, the atrium model was
buildings that combine offices, serviced apartments,
WOOLWORTH BLDG TERRA COTTA The map of lower Manhattan indicates the different residential buildings and the tallest reinforced concrete master-planned economic development district across When opened in November 2014, with a roof height of and a hotel, stacked in zones. The speed and scale of
buildings in the world when completed in 1964. Rising Also known as jumping cranes, kangaroo cranes 1,105 apartments and top out at 327 meters/ 1,040 feet. adopted by IFC Guangzhou, where the 33-story hotel
1902 zones for height (in numbers) and use (letters) districts.
65 stories, 587 feet, at the edge of the Chicago River,
the river from Puxi, the city’s historic core. Completed
With an extraordinary slenderness ratio of 1:20, the 1,368 feet – the same as the original North Tower – and a
zone features the agate-like rings of atrium balconies
growth in Chinese cities, most of which exceed New
Architectural terra cotta–clay baked into building blocks– The most liberal height restrictions were in the heart of 1932 originated in Australia and were used for the first time in in 1994, at 468 m/ 1,535 ft, it is now the fifth tallest TV The first design for the tower dates to 1993 when the spire reaching 1,776 feet, it was officially declared by the York in population, fuel the rise of of towers such as the
ELECTRIC AIR CONDITIONING UNIT is an ancient material that became popular in New York the financial district where buildings were allowed to rise the circular “corncob” towers stacked 40 floors of the U.S. on the WTC. Sitting atop a long leg that runs tower in the world.
luxury apartment tower Highcliff rises 828 feet, seventy
Japanese Mori Building Company and architects KPF 2007 CTBUH the tallest tower in North America. and corridors that culminate in a triangular skylight and
LOWER MANHATTAN SKYLINE apartments above a parking garage and mixed-use down the elevator shaft, they have high lifting capacities
stories, and is the world’s thinnest residential building.
won a government competition for the Lujiazui site. crystalline crown.
mixed-use 530-meter Guangzhou CTF Centre (right)
The first electrical air conditioning unit was invented
in the mid-19th century when demand for both fireproof straight up to 2 1/2 times the width of the street before
stepping back. complex that contained a marina, theater, gym, stores, and hoist themselves straight up the rising structure,
Hong Kong’s high land values and liberal zoning laws
Foundations were laid in 1997, but construction was
SUPERTALL SURVEY and the 636-meter Wuhan Greenland Center (left).
materials and mass-produced ornament expanded. On encourage the development of pencil-thin towers and
by Willis Haviland Carrier to control temperature and By the 1930s, the City’s Zoning Resolution of 1916 had transformed lower Manhattan into a landscape of pyramidal masses and pinnacle towers. and restaurants. speeding construction time. halted due to the Asian financial crisis. When plans At 599 meters, the 118-story Ping An Finance Center
humidity of a printing plant in Brooklyn, New York. XXXX its façade the Woolworth Building used buff-colored
glazed tile molded into Gothic-style forms by the Atlantic
great vertical density.
resumed in 2001, changes included an increased
In 2007, The Skyscraper Museum made its first Supertall Survey of buildings taller than 380 meters and found 35 that were completed, under construction, (middle) is devoted entirely to offices.
or had planning approval to begin construction. The projects were arrayed on two globes of the North and South American hemispheres and of Asia, the
Workplaces were the Carrier Company’s primary market. CHICAGO SKYLINE VIEW Terra Cotta Company. height of 32 meters and a new open shape at the top.
Middle East and Europe.
Completed in 2008, the mixed-use tower soars 101
Insert caption here! stories and is the third tallest building in the world at
1999 492 m/ 1614 feet.
XXXX JIN MAO TOWER
1903
BLURB PLACEHOLDER 1963
GEARLESS TRACTION ELEVATOR In the building’s upper zone, occupied by the Shanghai
Insert caption here! IBM BUILDING, PITTSBURGH Grand Hyatt Hotel, a spectacular circular atrium space
Introduced by the Otis Elevator Company in 1903, the extends more than thirty stories to the 87th floor.
gearless traction elevator became the industry standard. A prototype for later diagrid skyscrapers, the innovative
With the combined weight of the elevator cab and a 1913 13-story IBM Building designed by Leslie E. Robertson
Shanghai high-rises use substantial beam-supported
floor slabs that compensate for possible errors made by
counterweight attached to a steel woven hoisting cable, CITY HEIGHT LIMITS employed a diagonal-grid load-bearing steel wall and a less skilled workforce.
the system provides the necessary traction as the a concrete core. It was the first building to use steel of
sheave turns. Before drafting the legislation for the 1916 New York three different strength levels in its structure: 100,000 psi,
1973
JARDINE HOUSE 1990s-2010
zoning law, a committee conducted research into building C. 1930 1932 50,000 psi, & 36,000 psi quenched and tempered steels.
XXXX 1976 CONCRETE PUMPS
height limits in European and American cities. A page
1911 CHICAGO SKYLINE MIDTOWN SKYLINE Insert caption here!
2001 SLENDER RESIDENTIAL SUPERTALLS WORLDWIDE
from their 1913 report is pictured.
BLURB PLACEHOLDER 1932 1938 JOHN HANCOCK BULIDING, BOSTON SEPTEMBER 11TH
BANKERS TRUST BLDG CONSTRUCTION Introduced in the mid-1960s, concrete pumps eliminate
Insert caption here! Insert caption here!
70 PINE STREET 1932 FLUORESCENT LIGHTS old-style chutes and hoppers and today are ubiquitous on Very tall residential towers are rare worldwide because they are expensive to build and, in most cities, prohibited by height caps or other zoning
1910 Insert caption here! Insert caption here! XXXX regulations. This chart shows the six places in 2017 where tall and slender apartment towers have stretched beyond 305 meters/ 1,000 feet. Apartments
Even as competing steel mills rolled larger and larger BANKER’S TRUST ANNEX construction sites. Their booms reach over, around, and The World Trade Center Twin Towers were destroyed in
2008
GILLENDER BUILDING DEMOLITION beams, riveted sections remained the norm in skyscraper Built for the City Services petroleum company, 70 Pine Leading a group of General Electric researchers, George HONG KONG MID-LEVELS below to place concrete in the desired locations. Pumps a terrorist attack that claimed nearly 3000 lives. They are
FRICTION PILES
range from many small rentals to large luxury condos, and from fewer than 100 units to nearly 800.
construction. The massive, riveted steel frame of the Street was the last spire added to the lower Manhattan Inman and Richard Thayer produced an improved 1961 are also used to deliver concrete to great heights using a the tallest buildings ever to have been demolished.
Twenty years after completing its Wall Street tower, the
Demolition of the Gillender Building commenced Bankers Trust Building represented state-of-the-art skyline before World War II. The 66-story structure Banker’s Trust Company expanded and modernized fluorescent lamp at an affordable price in the late 1930s. NEW YORK CITY ZONING LAW Beginning in the 1970s, Hong Kong’s high land crane and hopper. Above, pumps create the foundation
Shanghai’s mud cannot support large loads, so 2021
construction in 1911. featured the first double-decker elevator in order to Fluorescent bulbs provided high levels of illumination in values and liberal zoning laws spawned districts of of the Shanghai Tower.
on April 29, 1910 and was completed in six weeks. with the art deco Annex building, designed by architects engineers design long concrete and steel shafts called
provide sufficient service to its slender tower. Shreve, Lamb and Harmon. The photograph shows buildings without excessive heat, making it possible to The 1961 zoning resolution, a sweeping revision of extraordinarily slender, densely-packed towers. On the ONE VANDERBILT
The careful deconstruction provided evidence of the friction piles to transfer loads through friction along the
rent space much deeper than the sunlight standard of New York’s 1916 law, established the principle of FAR, mountainside above Central, the Mid-levels is a luxury
structural durability of the steel frame, which proved free the prefabricated curtain-wall cladding that, as with the surface of the shaft. Shanghai World Financial Center is
Empire State Building, speeded the construction process. 28-30 feet. This allowed for as much as 80 percent of or Floor Area Ratio, which keyed the maximum floor residential district that is perhaps the world’s most At 427 meters/ 1,401 feet to the tip of its spire, One
of oxidation. On the site and adjacent lot, the 40-story supported on more than two thousand 275-foot piles. A
rentable space on each floor, as compared to 65 percent space permitted in a building to a multiple of the area of densely developed square kilometer, where even tiny Vanderbilt stretches its 58 floors 40 percent higher in
Bankers Trust tower began construction.
in older buildings with light courts. the lot. It also created “incentive zoning,” which traded
1965 sites could be built on at a ratio of up to 18 times the area
thick reinforced-concrete mat transfers the column loads 2017 the sky than the nearby Chrysler Building. The full-
to the piles.
bonus stories in the sky for public amenities such as BRUNSWICK BUILDING of the lot. WORLD TRADE CENTER block structure contains 1.7 million sq. ft., about half of
plazas, arcades, and subway entrances. By increasing which was gained through bonus air rights earned by:
the allowable area for a sheer tower from twenty-five Insert caption here! By 2017, the build out of the master plan was nearly underground access to the subways and Grand Central;
to forty percent of the lot, the 1961 code encouraged complete: One World Trade Center, 4 WTC, 7 WTC, public space inside and in front of the tower; and by
the modernist paradigm of the tower in the plaza. The the Oculus transportation hub, and the 9/11 Memorial & using Transferred Development Rights (TDRs) from the
urbanistic effect was dramatically demonstrated in Museum have opened, and with Liberty Park, nine acres landmarked Bowery Savings Bank.
midtown’s Sixth Avenue towers.
of new public space have been created. While 3 WTC
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32 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017
perspectivenews noted
[ NEWSMAKER ] I felt I had a wealth of experience and want- Frank Gehry to Design a New Youth
ed to apply that to differently scaled projects, Orchestra Center in Los Angeles
Christiaan with a small firm—we started with four and The facility will house a 10-year-old program,

Dinkeloo
expanded to 10. The size has advantages: proj- established by the L.A. Philharmonic’s artistic
ects get executed more rapidly, and we director, Gustavo Dudamel, that provides musical
developed a real hands-on experience with training to students in underserved neighbor-
BY SUZANNE STEPHENS residential, office, retail, and university work. hoods. The program is modeled on a similar one
The new documenTary, Kevin Roche: The Quiet Then you came back to Roche Dinkeloo in in Venezuela, through which Dudamel first
Architect, shown last month at the Architecture 2013. What happened? received training.
and Design Film Festival in New York (record, Kevin and I had been talking for a number
November 2017, page 30), naturally brings up of years about my returning. Two of his part-
the question about the future of the firm, ners were almost 80 and looking to retire, and
Oregon Adopts Broad Mandate for
Kevin Roche John Dinkeloo and Associates. I wanted to practice again with him. Net Zero Energy Buildings
Roche is 95. What plans for succession are in But 80 is young in your firm! How is it working Governor Kate Brown has signed executive orders,
place at the Hamden, Connecticut, office? It with a 95-year-old? starting in the fall of 2020 and 2022 respectively,
has been functioning since 1966, although Kevin is amazing. He comes to work every requiring that new homes and commercial
partner John Dinkeloo day, five days a week. buildings must be equipped for solar panel
died in 1981 at age 63. I enjoy collaborating installation. Brown has also directed the state’s
Dinkeloo, trained as an with him. With our building codes division to require by fall 2023 that
architect and engineer, level of experience, all new homes be zero-energy-ready.
was instrumental in we have a wonderful
establishing the firm’s synergy in spite of Diller Scofidio + Renfro to Design
reputation for such the 35-year age differ- 2018 Costume Institute Exhibition
technical advances as ence. In terms of his The New York–based firm will design the
the use of metal design approach, each Metropolitan Museum of Art’s 2018 Costume
deposit mirror glass project is unique. Institute exhibition Heavenly Bodies: Fashion and the
and of Cor-Ten steel in No matter what the Catholic Imagination. Opening May 10, the show will
its buildings. After his commission, the take place at the Met Fifth Avenue and the Met
death, there were Kevin Roche (left), with Christiaan Dinkeloo
solution starts with Cloisters in upper Manhattan.
fewer similar innova- the end user. Kevin
tions, although Roche Dinkeloo continued spends a long time on the concept. Then the
garnering important commissions for cultural staff develops it, and he critiques it. dRMM’s Hastings Pier wins
institutions, universities, and office buildings. And your role? RIBA Stirling Prize
Currently another Dinkeloo has emerged at I execute Kevin’s designs to the best of my— The Royal Institute of British Architects has
the helm. A recent reorganization of the al- and everyone’s—ability. This is much the same recognized the London-based practice for its
most 50-person practice led to John’s son as my father, who knew how to turn Kevin’s restoration of a dilapidated historic pier in the
Christiaan’s returning to the firm after almost concepts into reality. English Channel. The firm added a visitors center
20 years to assume the role as principal along There will be a day when Kevin is not here. and observation deck to the 145-year-old structure,
with Roche. He supervises design through What is the plan then? and reinforced existing ironwork.

P H O T O G R A P H Y: C O U R T E S Y K E V I N R O C H E J O H N D I N K E L O O A N D A S S O C I AT E S
construction of their projects—the biggest one We have a handful of designers who have
currently is for two buildings in Capitol worked closely with him. I can’t name names 60
Crossing, a mixed-use complex in Washington, now, but some have been working with 60 60 60 60
D.C., along with Skidmore, Owings & Merrill Kevin—and the clients—for years, as part of 56
(the master planner) and Kohn Pedersen Fox. the design process. We look on our place as a 50
Christiaan Dinkeloo was born in Detroit in palimpsest, where you can see the underpaint- 51 52 52
50 51
1956, when his father and Roche were with ing beneath the newly painted surface.
Eero Saarinen’s office in Bloomfield Hills, You have an unusual situation. What are the 40
O N D J F M A M J J A S O
Michigan. The son went to the University of challenges you see? 2016 2017
Michigan, as had his father, and graduated in This is really one of the few postwar firms to INQUIRIES BILLINGS
1981 with a B.Arch. Immediately after school, still operate under a founding partner. When
Christiaan headed to Roche Dinkeloo in this firm started, getting work depended on After Small Dip, Demand for Design
Hamden. record recently talked with the relationships and reputation—a chairman of Services Sees Slight Uptick
younger Dinkeloo about the firm’s future. the board would just call Kevin. Now real-estate The AIA reports signs of greater demand for
You joined the firm right after your father’s and facilities people do that. Many firms are in design services, as the October Architectural
death. It must have been daunting to arrive at their second and third generations, but there is Billing Index (ABI) increased to 51.7 from 49.1 in
this time. no personality guiding them or the vision. Firm September. (Any score above 50 indicates an
I had been working with the office since the names are given initials instead of the names of increase in billings.) The new projects inquiry
seventh grade. This was my architectural the principals, and marketing and publicity index also increased slightly, while the new
home. people handle getting new commissions, which design contracts index eased. AIA chief economist
However, you left in 1989 to start your own come shaped by the market. It’s a different Kermit Baker predicts that construction
practice in New Haven. Why? world, but we plan to make it work. conditions should remain healthy through 2018.
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 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017
perspectivehouse of the month 35

INSPIRED BY ITS SITE, A SURPRISING LOS ANGELES HOUSE IS DESIGNED TO BE

EXPERIENCED FROM THE TOP DOWN. BY DEBORAH SNOONIAN GLENN

It’s not often that a house tour begins on the roof. But as
you step past the entry gate of the Barrington residence in
Los Angeles’s Brentwood neighborhood, you find yourself
facing several artificial-turf-covered steps leading to the
structure’s summit, which boasts a commanding view of the
Getty Center, the mountaintop museum complex designed
by Richard Meier. “This vista wasn’t accessible at all from
the original house,” says architect Eric Rosen, who designed
its surprising, multiterraced replacement for a couple and
their two children.
A combination of site, context, and the work of a 1970s
conceptual artist inspired Rosen to develop the new house’s
zigzagging form and counterintuitive massing. As the steep
lot was cleared, exceptional sight lines to the east and north
emerged. Rosen saw an opportunity to cut a deep east–west
channel into the hillside to permit a view clear through the
structure, echoing Gordon Matta-Clark’s “Splitting,” a photo
series documenting an abandoned house the artist had
sliced through with a chainsaw (see Exhibitions, page 41).
The channel became the floor plan’s organizing principle,
The house’s small
and its placement allowed Rosen to reuse existing pool turf-covered presence
footings and a retaining wall running roughly north–south. at grade belies its true
The new pool and its surrounding decks, perched on the size (top). A light well
northern portion of the property, pinwheel outward from off the lower-level
guest bedroom is
the roof, counterbalancing the new three-story dwelling formed where two
carved into the hillside. These outdoor spaces step down concrete walls meet
gradually in elevation to meet the house’s top floor on its (above, left). A
fully glazed east side. Their staggered heights and crisp cantilevered concrete
stair descends from
orthogonal motifs echo both the land’s rugged contours and the roof deck (above).
the massing of the Getty Center on top of the mountain to The pool and its
the north. surrounding decks are
perched on the
P H O T O G R A P H Y: © J O E F L E T C H E R

The house’s three floors were also shaped by terrain and

northern portion of the
function. On the west, street-facing elevation, the main property (left).
entry to the top floor follows the line of the channel cut:
a gentle descent down floating concrete steps to a glass
door that opens onto a skylit vestibule. This transitional
space separates two zones: a generous kitchen and the
family room that flows seamlessly into the adjacent deck,
and a more intimately scaled dining room, bar nook, and
living room. Balancing the daylight that spills indoors,
dark-toned ceilings and floors in mahogany and concrete
 36 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017
perspectivehouse of the month

The house’s three stories are fully visible from the sloping rear yard (above). Skylights, light wells, and
clerestory windows bring daylight into all parts of the residence (right).

create a welcoming sense of enclosure.

From the channel-cut area of the top floor, a handsome cantilevered concrete
stair descends one flight, ending at a gathering room. The master suite, kids’
bedrooms and bathrooms, and guest suite spill into this area, giving the family
and guests a multipurpose hangout spot that’s secluded from the open, public
rooms above. Houseguests also enjoy an outdoor sitting nook off the guest bed-
room, at the bottom of a light well where two deep, board-formed concrete walls
meet. The third and lowest level contains living quarters for household help,
and a playroom that opens onto a terraced backyard. It’s from the yard that the signed. Construction began simultaneously on the house’s
stucco- and zinc-clad assembly becomes fully visible. While the interiors maintain northern and southern edges, moving inward toward the
an intimate, domestic scale, from this vantage point, the 9,500-square-foot struc- channel—a risky technique, but one that would enable the
ture looms large on the hilltop. house to take shape as envisioned. “There came a point
Rosen is quick to credit top-notch subcontractors for their painstaking work on where we had to jump in, trusting that all our work would
the challenging site, including a concrete sub who carried the architect’s physical pay off,” says Rosen. “When the two sides came together
model of the cantilevered stair in his truck as he figured out how to sequence the within a ⅛-inch tolerance, we all breathed a sigh of relief.”
pours. But the key project role here was Rosen’s dual one as architect and general For a house so obviously inspired by and
1
sprung forth from
1
contractor, which gave him full responsibility to build the bold structure he de-
5
its site, it was5a singular achievement. ■

2 1 2
5
10 10
10 10
10 4 4
3 2 3
10
11 11
11 4 3

12 A 12 A
12 A
0 15 FT. 0
8 SECTION A - A SECTION A - A
9 8 5 M.
97
P H O T O G R A P H Y: © J O E F L E T C H E R
7
8
A 4 9 7
A 4 7 0
7
SECTION A 1- A GREEN ROOF/ENTRANCE 7 KID’S BEDROOM
A 4
7
2 UPPER FLOOR 8 LOWER DEN
3 MIDDLE FLOOR 9 GUEST BEDROOM
4 LIGHT WELL 10 BATH
5 POOL HOUSE BEYOND 11 MASTER SUITE
6 LAUNDRY 12 LOWER DECK
0 30 FT. 0 30 FT.
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 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017
perspectiveexhibition 41

light shifted—was perhaps his best

Cut Loose in the Decaying City manifestation of that working philosophy. He
made the work without permission, left the
A new exhibition on Gordon Matta-Clark underscores his building open as a kind of people’s park, and
enduring artistic and social relevance. absconded with a rowboat from Central Park
to photograph the results from the water. The
BY PETER PLAGENS building is long gone, but the Whitney
Museum has recently commissioned a work of
In 1971, I came to New York to have my first chopped in the walls and floors of derelict public art by Mac Arthur recipient David
solo art exhibition at the Reese Palley Gallery in buildings could be a two-way signaling system Hammons (born the same year as Matta-Clark)
SoHo. The neighborhood seemed to me—an L.A. saying, in effect, “Here’s what the powers that that will be a steel outline-in-the-air duplicat-
boy—a war zone, its gritty streets only recently be have done to your neighborhood, and here’s ing the pier building’s dimensions.
colonized by a few galleries and artists, many of what we can do back.” The Bronx Museum’s iteration of Garbage
whom were living on the edge. I was fascinated Selected by Antonio Sergio Bessa, curator at Wall, originally made for the first Earth Day,
by a communal artists’ restaurant called Food the Bronx Museum, and Jessamyn Fiore, co- in 1970, is the most elegant object in the exhi-
that was about to open near the gallery, though director of Matta-Clark’s estate, and daughter bition, with its lovely bits of Lego-block walls
I knew nothing then of the subversive propri- of the artist’s widow, the works now on view and a vintage portable cassette player poking
etor behind it, Gordon Matta-Clark. range from a few actual three-dimensional art through the concrete. Matta-Clark’s ever-pres-
P H O T O G R A P H Y: H A R RY G R U YA E R T © 2 0 1 7 E S TAT E O F G O R D O N M AT TA- C L A R K /A R T I S T S R I G H T S S O C I E T Y, N E W YO R K , A N D DAV I D Z W I R N E R , N E W YO R K

That was only a year after ent wit—a necessary

Matta-Clark had made his leavening of his social ear-
first Garbage Wall—trash nestness—comes through
embedded in concrete as a most in a small graffitied
cheap and handy guerilla metal panel from his van.
building material, and just a When his art was rejected
year before he’d begin work- from a Washington Square
ing—as an “anarchitect”—in show, he parked his vehicle
the desolate borough of the as a “protest van” nearby,
Bronx, rife with condemned allowed all comers to graf-
buildings. fiti it, then blowtorched
The son of the Chilean segments of the body and
surrealist painter Roberto gave them away.
Matta and an American New York has transformed
artist, Anne Clark, Matta- itself mightily since Matta-
Clark earned an architec- Clark’s guerilla art of nearly
ture degree from Cornell a half-century ago. Galleries
in 1968 (and studied Decon- have been priced out of
structionist literary theory SoHo, and gentrification is
in Paris) before turning to the villain that desolation
art. His canvas was always once was; even in the once-
the city and its detritus of burning South Bronx, rents
abandoned buildings—from are rising, faster than any-
Gordon Matta-Clark (above) working on Conical Intersect, his installation at the Paris Biennale in 1975,
a mundane frame house in for which he drilled a telescope-like hole so people could peer inside two derelict 17th-century houses. where else in the city. Yet
New Jersey, which he sliced the precedent of Day’s End
in two, to a pair of 17th-century houses in objects (including a chunk of that Bronx floor- laid the way for the recycling sensibility that
Paris, into which he cut a huge conical void ing and a brick made from melted beer bottles) gave us New York’s High Line and many recent
before they were razed, near the site of the through a plethora of photographs, short public artworks. It makes one wistful to pon-
controversial new Pompidou Center. A new films, offset prints, and documents demon- der what Matta-Clark might have gone on to do
exhibition at the Bronx Museum of Art, Gordon strating Matta-Clark’s pioneering work in what had he not died so young—of pancreatic can-
Matta-Clark: Anarchitect, documents that period are now called architectural “interventions.” cer, in 1978, at age 35.
of the artist’s work (on view through April 8, It’s a brave story of an outside-the-box artist Still, he remains a powerful and provoca-
the show will travel to the Rose Art Museum in working in the face of a nearly bankrupt New tive figure. Although, nominally, he
Waltham, Massachusetts; the Jeu de Paume in York City and, through his art, casting a light deconstructed neglected architecture, his
Paris; and the Kumu Art Museum in Talinn, on disastrous social policies that led to the most salient contribution to our sense of the
Estonia). It makes a wonderful case for Matta- marginalization and displacement of thou- built environment is a heightened conscious-
Clark’s artistic and social importance. sands of people. ness of who and what gets bulldozed by the
The anchors of the exhibition are the first Matta-Clark’s working parameters, Bessa endless tide of new building—and of the aes-
chainsaw-and-chisel “cuts” Matta-Clark made says, were “we make places” versus “places thetic possibilities hidden in what we are
in the Bronx. At first, he excised chunks of make us.” Day’s End (1975)—involving five about to destroy. n
floor (e.g., Bronx Floor: Threshole, 1972) and, as Ellsworth Kelly–type shapes cut into the emp-
with his later Conical Intersect in Paris (1975), ty Pier 52 building on the Hudson River in Peter Plagens is an artist and critic whose last book
his genius was to see that openings sawed and Manhattan, through which the play of sun- was Bruce Nauman: The True Artist (Phaidon).
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 45

Guess the Architect Contest

ENTER NOW! A monthly contest from the editors of RecoRd asks you to
guess the architect for a building of historical importance.
P H O T O G R A P H Y: © B E T H C A S T E L O/ F L I C K R ( T O P ) ; C A R O L M . H I G H S M I T H /A M E R I C A , L I B R A RY O F C O N G R E S S , P R I N T S A N D P H O T O G R A P H S D I V I S I O N ( B O T T O M )

CLUE: WHEN A GOVERNMENT BUILDING WAS CONVERTED INTO A MUSEUM, AN

OVOIDAL CONCRETE STRUCTURE WAS ADDED BY THE SAME ACCLAIMED
ARCHI TECT WHO HAD DESIGNED THE ORIGINAL EDIFICE DECADES EARLIER.
THE MUSEUM NOW BEARS THE ARCHITECT’S NAME.

The architect for the November issue’s contest is WALTER ANDREW NETSCH JR., a partner at
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill when the firm was hired in the 1950s to design a new U.S. Air Force
academy in Colorado Springs. His tetrahedral Cadet Chapel (left), with its aluminum and stained-
glass cladding, opened in 1963 and quickly became the campus highlight.

By entering, you have a chance to win an iPad mini.

See the complete rules and entry form online at architecturalrecord.com/guessthearchitect.
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perspectivebooks

If You Can Make It There

Greater Gotham: A History of New York City from 1898 to 1919, by Mike
Wallace. Oxford University Press, 1,182 pages, $45.
Reviewed by Anna Shapiro

This book, about the radical transformation of New York in the early
20th century, makes you exclaim of the result, “Nothing’s changed!”
For today’s New Yorkers, the names of the main players in that meta-
morphosis are part of daily life, if only because of Rockefeller Center
and Carnegie Hall, not to mention J.P. Morgan Chase banks every-
where. Less obviously but more consequentially, New Yorkers of
Morgan’s class and era invented the American corporation and engen-
dered the structures of government
that support its power. The primary
reason the boroughs were consolidat-
ed into New York City—the celebration
of which, in 1898, opens the book—
was essentially so that these robber
barons could have more efficient
hegemony over their means of ship-
ping (the harbor in particular), much
as they had amalgamated myriad
companies in order to centralize and
control their copper, sugar, steel, or
railroad businesses.
This volume, a sequel to the Pulitzer
Prize—winning Gotham: A History of
New York City to 1898, which covered 375
years, uses nearly as many pages for its
21. The book’s many sections range in topic from commercial-political
finagling to the changes in planning and building type that resulted,
as well as to public transportation, including bridges and tunnels;
zoning; housing; factories; retail; and cultural centers from libraries to
opera houses. Greater Gotham also goes into popular culture, crime, and
the organization of labor. Reformers, radicals, and feminists are not
neglected either. It ends with the aftereffects of World War I.
The plutocrats’ most visible effect was the skyscraper, which they
made the iconic building type of the city in this period. Though high-
rise structures also developed in Chicago, their rampant growth in
New York was a means of branding for the gargantuan corporate busi-
nesses. And as residences became vertical, such development increased
the value of real estate—which in turn became an outsize force on city
government. The same fights were being fought then as now, of preser-
vationists versus developers and the pols who enabled them; of those
who wanted zoning to shape the city for beauty and ease of living and
those who wanted it bent in the direction of immediate monetary
profit—“capitalist urbanism undermining civic patriotism,” as Wallace
puts it. The Municipal Arts Society, still engaged today on the civic side
of these battles, has been at it for more than a century.
Though beautifully organized, and written with grace and humor,
the author does not build stories so much as compile compendious
chronologies. The pictures are as skillfully researched as the text but
convey their information with considerable punch, as with a photo-
graph of little boys playing on the curb next to a dead horse (ca. 1903)
or a shot of Ota Benga, an African Pygmy who found himself exhibited
in a Bronx Zoo cage, with a baby orangutan. These tell stories indeed—
and, thankfully, are a measure of some change for the better. n

Anna Shapiro has reviewed books for The New Yorker, The New York Times,
The Guardian, and others.
ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017
perspectivebooks 49

Presenting Your Work in Print

David Adjaye-
Constructed
Narratives, edited by
A plethora of volumes showcase architects’ accomplishments. Peter Allison. Lars Müller
BY SUZANNE STEPHENS Publishers, 320 pages, $49.
In clear, unpretentious
Some of uS think architectural monographs photos and a range of drawings (and a foreword prose, Adjaye explains
are vestiges of days gone by: now potential by Kenneth Frampton). In case you wonder his views on topics such
clients—perhaps the most important readers— what buildings Piano completed between his as architectural form,
along with students and colleagues, can just go breakthrough Centre Georges Pompidou in materials, and urban
to a website. Yet the monograph lives on. Its Paris (finished 1977) with Richard Rogers, and context. Selected proj-
physical robustness seems to lend credibility his own Menil Collection in Houston (which ects are well illustrated—including the
to the work—especially if it is a weighty, glossy opened in 1987), the answer is, not a whole lot. Smithsonian National Museum of African
compendium bolstered by essays from leading But he then made up for it in spades. American History and Culture—enhanced by
historians such as Kenneth Frampton and Adjaye’s own backstories.
Barry Bergdoll. Nevertheless, most publishers Ten Arquitectos/
can’t afford the high costs of paper, printing, Enrique Norten: Lines David Adjaye:
fees for photographers, writers, editors, and of Investigation, by Living Spaces,
graphic designers, especially when the print Enrique Norten. Princeton edited by Peter Allison.
run is not more than a few thousand copies. Architectural Press, 320 pages, Thames & Hudson, 304
“Since monographs are expensive, publishers $60. pages, $60.
need financial support from the firms,” says Enrique Norten’s clean- In focusing on the
Andrea Monfried, the senior commissioning machine aesthetic is shown private residence,
editor of Images Publishing Group. So they by photos of built and Adjaye gives promi-
often arrange for architectural offices to kick unbuilt cultural facilities in Mexico and the nence to expansive photographs and
in with photos, writers’ stipends, and/or buy a U.S. executed in the last decade or so. A conver- simplified drawings, with text taking a back-
number of copies, with some firms paying sation between Norten, Thom Mayne, and Liz ground role. Nevertheless, his writings still
more than the list price per book. Gordon Diller on design matters is supplemented with address formal issues (scale and scalelessness,
Goff, publisher of Oro Editions, calls the joint an essay by Barry Bergdoll about the influence void, manipulation of the section) that are of
process “a collaboration” that can generate of Mexico City and New York on Norten’s work. interest to architects.
“experimental and beautiful books express-
ing the character of the practice.” With that Allied Works Ennead Profile
in mind, record presents a glimpse of se- Architecture: Series 7, by
lected monographs that arrived during the Dwelling, by Brad Ennead Architects.
banner year of 2017. Cloepfil and Joseph Becker. Oro Editions, 260
Rizzoli, 224 pages, $55. pages, $40.
Not Neutral: For Luscious photographs of The box set of four
Every Place, country and city houses, booklets—each one
Its Story, by which Allied Works devoted to a sepa-
Rios Clementi Hale completed between 2000 rate building
Studios. AMMO, 612 and 2012, qualify this as a picture book bar designed by Ennead—may not jump off the
pages, $200. none. Firm founder Brad Cloepfil writes about shelves of the dwindling number of book-
The first question you his interest in craft, materials, and detail, and stores. But potential clients, colleagues, and
might ask is “Why?” Why does this 16¼ by an essay by museum curator Joseph Becker students can find ample photos, drawings, and
12¼ inch book weigh 16 pounds? (The deep provides a poetic overview. details—along with short, straightforward
pink cover visually blimps it up a bit.) The explanations.
architects say they wanted to make a state- Krueck + Sexton:
ment about the firm’s “transdisciplinary” From There to WORKac: We’ll Get
work created since its founding in 1985. This Here, by Krueck + There When We Cross
collaborative effort (many members of the Sexton Architects. Images That Bridge, by Amale
studio wrote essays) features lively photos, Publishing, 272 pages, $75. Andraos and Dan Wood.
sketches, and charts. Large, seductive photo- Monacelli Press, 360 pages,
graphs unsullied by $50.
Renzo Piano: The captions focus on selected Lively, colorful graphics
Complete Logbook, work from the Chicago and an interesting,
1966-2016, by Renzo firm formed in 1981 by conversational writing
Piano. Thames & Hudson, Ronald Krueck and Mark Sexton. An introduc- style are combined with glossy photos of
420 pages, $70. tion by John Morris Dixon and other essays unbuilt and built work around the globe.
An impressively com- discuss the various formal strategies that Andraos and Wood take you from their first
prehensive book, this evolved over the years, from use of rectangular project—a doghouse—to a sustainable “green
has room for large geometries to both curved and faceted ones. house,” and, most recently, a library in Queens.
ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017
perspectivebooks
Emilio Ambasz/ flect their design ethos, which embraces
Emerging Nature: affordable housing and community facilities.
Precursor of Three tabloid-type publications packaged in a
Architecture and cardboard box convey the no-frills approach
Design, essays by 11 almost too well, even though color photos,
authors. Lars Müller drawings, and charts are informative.
Publishers, 312 pages, $39.
Decades ago, before “living The Complete
walls” were the rage, Zaha Hadid,
Ambasz incorporated introduction by Aaron
vegetation into his architecture. He is still at it, Betsky. Thames & Hud­
as recent work shows. Also shown are the poly- son, 320 pages, $40.
math’s industrial, graphic, and furniture designs, Beginning with
plus installation shots from his acclaimed MoMA Hadid’s early unbuilt
exhibitions in the 1970s. Essay ists include projects (including
Kenneth Frampton and Barry Bergdoll. the competition-
winning scheme that
The Work of thrust her into the spotlight—the Peak, in
MacKay-Lyons Hong Kong, of 1982–83)—this expanded and
Sweetapple updated edition handsomely displays architec-
Architects: ture, products, and furniture, and provides a
Economy as Ethic, detailed project list. The introduction brings
by Robert McCarter. in references to Walter Benjamin and Gilles
Thames & Hudson, 416 Deleuze, for theoretical garnishing.
pages, $70.
The rigorously crafted Zaha Hadid
modernist architec- Architects:
ture of Brian MacKay-Lyons and Talbot Redefining
Sweetapple is illustrated by photos of their Architecture &
vernacular wood houses and straightforward Design, by Zaha
public buildings in Nova Scotia—often shown Hadid Architects. Images
against the spectacular coastal landscape. Publishing, 284 pages,
Essays by Juhani Pallasmaa, Kenneth $75.
Frampton, and McCarter add varied insights. This collection of
eye-popping work
LOT-EK: Objects + covers major buildings
Operations, by Ada Tolla executed between 2010
and Giuseppe Lignano, and 2016—the year Hadid died—as well as a
with Thomas de Monchaux. number of works in progress. The monograph
Monacelli Press, 400 pages, shows the firm’s commitment to keeping the
$50. formidable founder’s flame alive with principal
LOT-EK founders Ada Patrik Schumacher’s manifesto defending
Tolla and Giuseppe formal architecture, and short profiles of the
Lignano show a commit- numerous directors and associates.
ment to the industrial
nonaesthetic with this book-as-manifesto. The Hariri & Hariri
bold type, brash color, and black-and-white Architecture:
photos underscore their partnership as “a Leading Architects,
design practice that believes in being unorigi- introduction by Andrea
nal, ugly, and cheap.” Simich. Images Publish­
ing, 256 pages, $65.
Koning Eizenberg Architecture: Urban The lavish compen-
Hallucinations, Part 1,2,3, text by Frances dium of recent built
Anderton, Cana Cuff, and Alissa Walker, Oro Edi­ and unbuilt houses and
tions, 96 pages, office towers by the
$24.95. sisters Gisue and wall panels align to create
Architects Hank Mojgan Hariri is supported by plans, sections, seamless, sculptural wall surfaces of any size.
Koning and Julie and details. The text is informative, and effi- Add drama and intrigue to any space, with durable,
lightweight, natural gypsum.
Eizenberg want- cient; the introduction by the architecture
ed a monograph chair at Cornell University discusses both the
that would re- work’s rigor and its experiential qualities.
www.modulararts.com 206-788-4210 made in the USA
THE

IS NOW

Architects play a unique role in shaping our world: Electric lighting in buildings consumes 17 percent
Each design decision influences how people of all electricity generated in the United States,
perceive where they live, work and play. But steel, according to the U.S. Department of Energy. 1

stone, brick and wood aren’t the only materials in Research into worker comfort and productivity shows
an architect’s toolkit. Intangibles, such as light, air glare reduction and automated systems that optimize
and temperature, also affect the way people feel in shade and natural light can contribute to improved
a space. worker productivity and reduced energy costs. 2

Shaping light through the use of shading devices DRESS UP THE SKYLINE
should be central to the design process because Two architects recognized for innovative building
without shade, life can quickly become unbearable. shade designs in the Sunbrella Future of Shade
®

Think of the worker whose office suffers from competition conceived of fabric shade systems as
overheating and glare. Or the retailer whose a way to upgrade building performance, improve
customers don’t linger because the pedestrian- occupant comfort and give buildings a distinctive
oriented shopping district is too hot. Or the presence in a city’s skyline.
restauranteur who can’t fill her patio seating because
it’s totally exposed to the sun. Puerto Rico-based architect and industrial designer
Doel Fresse saw a need for automated shade in
Shade can boost commerce and improve worker glass façade high-rise buildings, especially those
productivity, not to mention it can protect people located in the Caribbean. His conceptual design,
from health risks related to UV exposure. Shade “Helicon,” is inspired by the shape of heliconia
design should be a priority whether the project flowers ubiquitous to the island nation. Helicon’s
is a streetscape, shopping area or high-rise fabric panels create an intriguing geometric pattern
office building. on the building’s exterior. The panels can be
adjusted to create interior shade, reduce glare or
LIGHT CONTROL = COST SAVINGS allow more light into the building when desired.
Building energy efficiency and worker productivity
can be tied directly to effective shading systems Helicon, which is designed as a retrofit shade solution
in office structures. People need natural light for for existing glass façade buildings, improves the
emotional and physical health, but researchers are building’s overall energy performance by blocking
finding that control of these daylighting features is light before it enters the building. The system can
a key element in the performance of buildings and also be flattened to the building’s exterior to prevent
the people who work in them. damage during hurricanes or tropical storms.

ADVER TISEMENT
 Responsive Shading System by
Arman Hadilou – United States

For architect Arman Hadilou, the intense summer heat

in Austin, Texas, spurred him to conceptualize the
“Responsive Shading System,” a kinetic façade of massive
strips of fabric mounted on adjustable arms on the
building’s exterior. The system responds to the elements,
twisting the strips to create bigger or smaller openings
depending on the angle of the sun and the time of year.
In this way, Responsive Shading System balances building
energy efficiency with the need to maintain views.

The air gap between the building’s glass façade and

the fabric façade allows for ventilation created by
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CONCLUSION
Given rising global temperatures, creating energy-efficient
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shade at the center of the design process, architects
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1
“Trends in Lighting in Commercial Buildings.” EIA, U.S. Energy Information Administration -
EIA - Independent Statistics and Analysis, 17 May 2017.
2
L Roche, “Summertime Performance of an Automated Lighting and Blinds Control System,”
Lighting Research & Technology, vol. 34, Issue No. 1 (2002) 11-25. Ossama A. Abdou,
“Effects of Luminous Environment on Worker Productivity in Building Spaces,”
Helicon by Doel Fresse – Germany Journal of Architectural Engineering, vol. 3, Issue No. 3 (1997).
 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017 INTERIORS 55

Second
Course
Peter Marino and Allied Works
redesign two of New York’s
favorite dining spots—both in
landmark buildings.

56 The Lobster Club

58 Eleven Madison Park
P H O T O G R A P H Y: © M A N O L O Y L L E R A

THE LOBSTER CLUB, BY PETER MARINO

56 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017 INTERIORS

The Lobster Club

Peter Marino reimagines the space of
a favorite Seagram Building haunt.
BY PILAR VILADAS

The black-leaTher-clad architect and art collector Peter

Marino is known for his glamorous interiors and buildings
for such luxury retail clients as Chanel, Louis Vuitton, and
Hublot. He has also designed houses for the ultra-rich, as well
as striking bronze furniture, and a collection of glass for
Venini. But the Lobster Club may be among his highest-profile
recent projects. The new Japanese-seafood-themed eatery
occupies the space of the former Brasserie, the casual (but no
less chic) downstairs sibling of the legendary Four Seasons
restaurant designed by Philip Johnson and interior designer
William Pahlmann in Ludwig Mies van der Rohe’s Seagram
Building. The latter moved out of its landmarked space in
2016 and has been replaced by two restaurants, the Grill and
the Pool (record, September 2017, page 52), which, along with
the Lobster Club, are operated by the Major Food Group.
The Brasserie opened in 1959 and was located on the
building’s ground floor beneath the Four Seasons, with an
entrance on East 53rd Street. It too was designed by Johnson
and Pahlmann. Open 24-7, it was, in its heyday, a late-night
watering hole for New York’s glitterati. After a fire closed the
restaurant in 1995, it reopened in 1999 with a new, futuristic
design by Diller Scofidio + Renfro (record, July 2013, page
67); that version closed in 2015. Enter Marino, brought in by
Aby Rosen of RFR Holding, the building’s owner, and Major
Food Group. The architect was charged with giving the space
a complete makeover, and he did not disappoint, designing
an interior that is substantial and elegant, with subtle refer-
ences to the Four Seasons and the first Brasserie. Yet it is
entirely contemporary. (The Lobster Club won’t be open
24-7, but will offer breakfast, lunch, dinner, and late-
night drinks.) 2 3
The layout of the restaurant’s main room, with an onyx- 9
and-bronze bar along the east wall near the entrance, is
closer to that of the original Brasserie than to its second
iteration. Marino liked the earlier version’s hybrid counter 12
4 5
seating/lounge/table–service approach. His design echoes the 1 10
“square within a square” of the pool designed for the Four
Seasons in the plan of the Lobster Club’s lounge, which has 6 11
colorful upholstered furniture and a precast-concrete tile 12
floor, painted by the artist Laura Bergen with a Jackson
Pollock–inspired pattern. The bronze dividers that flank 9
7
three booths on the room’s south wall are inspired by the 8 P H O T O G R A P H Y: © M A N O L O Y L L E R A
9
Seagram Building’s facade. Marino—who studied painting
and sculpture at Cornell before turning to architecture—
also offers riffs on Picasso in the sheet-metal sculptures that
stand atop the banquettes in the adjoining Red Room dining 0 12 FT.
FLOOR PLAN
area. Picasso and Pollock are not only idols of the architect, 4 M.
but both artists’ work once adorned the Four Seasons.
1 ENTRANCE 5 BOOTHS 9 RESTROOM
Ceramic plates by Picasso, part of Rosen’s personal collection,
hang above the new bar, echoing the plates by the artist 2 RECEPTION 6 CURTAINROOM 10 SERVICECORRIDOR

that hung above the banquettes in the original Brasserie’s 3 BAR 7 REDROOM 11 SEAGRAMSTAIR
counter area. 4 LOUNGE 8 PRIVATEDINING 12 KITCHEN
 57

PALATE CLEANSER Black-leather draperies wrap a banquette behind

the main space (opposite). The bar, near the entrance, borders the lounge
(above). A row of booths (right) line the south wall, which leads to the Red
Room dining area (far right).

The material palette—including oiled bronze, terrazzo,

and white ebony (a nod to the Four Seasons’ French walnut
paneling)—is meant to evoke the Seagram aesthetic. Even the
black-leather draperies that line the main room’s west wall—
and can be extended to create a private dining area—have a
Modernist pedigree. Marino points out that Mies van der
Rohe and collaborator Lily Reich used curtains in a 1927 café,
although he notes that the choice of black leather refers to
“my fun, cutting-edge, biker side.”
Marino’s design gives the the Lobster Club a luxe golden
glow, but its sumptuous finishes and details don’t weigh
down its quirky, modern vibe. It’s also something of a self-
portrait of the architect, and not just because of the black
leather; he even drew the lobster that’s painted on dinner
plates. “I like doing the whole nine yards,” he says. “It’s
where I always wanted to be.” n

Pilar Viladas, a design and architecture writer, has an essay in

Ward Bennett, a monograph published by Phaidon in November.
58 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017 INTERIORS

Eleven Madison Park

Allied Works renovates a New York
restaurant with elegant panache.
BY WENDY MOONAN
When you first enter the newly reopened Manhattan res-
taurant Eleven Madison Park, on 24th Street and Madison
Avenue, you are awestruck by the grandness of the interior,
with its 24-foot-high ceiling, the magisterial steel case win-
dows and vast, cavernous space. It looks like what it is, a
three-Michelin-star temple to haute cuisine.
Since 1998, the restaurant has occupied the Art Deco
lobby of the landmark 1928 Metropolitan Life North build-
ing, with 2,250 square feet in the main dining room and 650
square feet in the adjacent low-ceilinged bar. In 2011, the
original owner, restaurateur Danny Meyer, sold it to Will
Guidara and his partner, the celebrated chef Daniel Humm.
Five years later they hired Brad Cloepfil, a restaurant
regular, longtime friend, and principal of Allied Works
Architecture, to reimagine the space. “It’s one of the most
beautiful rooms in New York, with light streaming in from
Madison Square Park on the west,” Cloepfil says. “I wanted
to make it feel as if it was intended to be a restaurant, with
its own character.”
Cloepfil kept the volume, the nickel-plated bronze win-
dows, the light fixtures and ornamental plasterwork on the
ceiling, but gave the restaurant a whole new identity—one
more sedate than the previous more colorful interior execut-
ed by Bentel & Bentel.
To do this, he slightly reconfigured the dining room by
creating a central aisle extending from the entrance foyer to
two existing stepped levels enclosed by low, bronze screens.
As you walk through the dining areas, your eye is immedi-
ately drawn to the back wall, with an enormous blue
painting by Rita Ackermann. “I wanted a ceremonial rising
up, a formal procession, so you can see all the people in the
room,” Cloepfil says, about this “stage set for food and ser-
vice.” The architect wanted the space “enriched but simple,”
like the cuisine. Similarly, he gave the bar a new gold-foil
coved ceiling, which is less jazzy than its folded gold-leaf 5

predecessor.
Cloepfil is a modernist: the look is clean, and the palette 3

mostly neutral—white, tan, and dark brown. The architect

6
was afforded the chance to also design the furniture, light-
ing, tableware, and textiles. Like the efforts of many early 3
4
modern architects, it is a gesamtkunstwerk.
A one-time botany student, Cloepfil has created custom
pieces inspired not by the Art Deco building but by nature P H O T O G R A P H Y: © E R I C P I A S E C K I
and the park outside. The bronze screens separating the 2
dining areas allude to the spines of gingko leaves. The
brownish pattern in the hand-tufted silk and wool rug is
1
meant to look “like the ghosts of leaves on a sidewalk.”
And for the seating, “the big idea was comfort,” the archi- 0 12 FT.
FLOOR PLAN
4 M.
tect says. “We are inviting people to dine for three and a half
hours.” The figured walnut banquettes lining the room are
1 ENTRANCE 4 BAR
upholstered in dark blue mohair and made to look like
2 VESTIBULE 5 SERVICE STATION
individual pieces of furniture, with curved backs. Small
metal wall lights between the banquettes add a cozy, old- 3 DINING ROOM 6 KITCHEN
 59

LUXE, CALM, CRAFT Allied Works’ nickel-plated bronze screens

enclose terraced dining areas (above). They also designed the furniture,
fittings, and tableware (opposite), including the bar (right) with its new
gold-foil ceiling.

fashioned, Parisian note. “I don’t do ornament on buildings,

but I could here, and I wanted a lot of ornament, to bring
the scale down,” he says.
Cloepfil is particularly proud of his porcelain service,
inspired by research at London’s Victoria and Albert
Museum. “I always wanted to design plates,” says the archi-
tect, who collects midcentury European ceramics. The ones
at Eleven Madison Park have raw porcelain rims, glazed
centers, and sit on a raised base so that they appear to float
on the tablecloths. They are off-white, like much of the
space—and even the huge floral arrangements.
If, in the end, the décor is bland, it is because the dining
experience and hospitality are the focus. “I wanted the
atmosphere to be calm, warm, inviting,” Cloepfil says. He
has succeeded. Nonetheless, this visitor misses the old
yellow bar and the festive, colorful bouquets of flowers. n

Wendy Moonan is a New York writer on design, architecture, and

the decorative arts.
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 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017 61

DESIGN
VANGUARD
2017
For a profession of late bloomers, the FEATURED FIRMS
notion of a “young architect” has always AMBROSI ETCHEGARAY
been the subject of debate. When exactly LEVER ARCHITECTURE
is one too old to be a young architect? DAVID KOHN ARCHITECTS
Since 2000, Record has showcased LAND ARQUITECTOS
promising practitioners who have led STPMJ ARCHITECTURE
their own firms for 10 years or less, in our UUFIE
annual Design Vanguard issue. This year’s
FREELANDBUCK
MAX NÚÑEZ ARQUITECTOS
winners range in age from 33 to 48, each
BRUTHER
with a surprising portfolio of built work
ALAN TSE DESIGN
and on-the-boards projects. Each also
has a personal, crafted, and nuanced
approach to architecture that has come
to define their generation.
P H O T O G R A P H Y: C O U R T E S Y B R U T H E R

LE DÔME RESEARCH AND

INNOVATION CENTER, CAEN,
FRANCE, BY BRUTHER
62 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017 DESIGN VANGUARD

Ambrosi Etchegaray
Mexico City
Local culture helps shape a firm’s diverse portfolio.
When a 7.1-magnitude earthquake shook Mexico For a Grupo Habita hotel in downtown Mexico
City on September 19, architects at the office of City, the studio is adapting a colonial structure at
Ambrosi Etchegaray were already working as part of the back of the Metropolitan Cathedral, adding
a multidisciplinary team helping to rebuild the patios to each room. “It’s like a puzzle,” says Etche-
Unión Hidalgo community, one of the areas along garay. Another puzzle is the project’s fast timeline
Mexico’s southern Pacific coast most affected by an (projects in Mexico often operate at a breakneck
8.1-magnitude quake earlier that month. The studio, speed that forces design and construction phases to
which is located in Condesa, a stylish Mexico City overlap). “Every week, we have to take plans to the
neighborhood that was one of the hardest hit by the site in order for the construction team to work,” says
second quake, is now working with several institu- the architect. “We have less time to think and ex-
tions on plans for repairing significant historic periment with ideas, but it’s always good to have
buildings throughout the capital as well. different processes; you need to be pragmatic.”
“We were busy, but you find the time,” says Mixed with that pragmatism is an attention to
FOUNDED: 2011 Gabriela Etchegaray, 33, who, with Jorge Ambrosi, local culture and heritage—for now, in Mexico, and,
DESIGN STAFF: 8–12
40, founded the studio in 2011. Even with more work, hopefully, in the future, beyond. “I fantasize about
Ambrosi and Etchegaray prefer to have fewer than a building projects in different countries, to prove
PRINCIPALS: Jorge Ambrosi and
Gabriela Etchegaray
dozen staff, allowing the office to be nimble and ourselves in different conditions, with different
collaborative. A steady stream of residential projects, human resources and materials, and see what re-
EDUCATION: Ambrosi: National
University of Mexico, B.Arch., 2008.
largely led by Ambrosi, make it financially possible sults,” says Etchegaray. Even as the team aims for
Etchegaray: Columbia University for the team to take on smaller-scale work that ex- more international work, including its design for
GSAPP, M.S. Critical, Curatorial, and plores different programs and materials. the Mexican Pavilion at the 2018 Venice Biennale, it
Conceptual Practices in Arch., 2018; Making use of locally available resources has been is steadfastly connected to the local community,
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya a constant in the studio’s work. At the Casa Wabi both professionally and personally. The studio re-
and Iberoamericana University, M.S. Foundation, a nonprofit established by Mexican cently took in another architecture office whose
Creative Management and Transfor­ artist Bosco Sodi to support young artists, the team space was destroyed in the earthquake, and, along
mation of the City, 2012; Universidad is designing a nursery to cultivate the nearly extinct with about 20 other nearby studios, they play soccer
Iberoamericana, B.Arch., 2008
Guayacan tree. The plan involves an excavated walk- in a league organized by Tatiana Bilbao. And as
WORK HISTORY: Ambrosi: Fabric way that allows workers to stand upright while sometimes seems inevitable in the architecture
(founding partner), 2003–08; JSª
caring for seedlings. Nearby, they are also designing world, Ambrosi and Etchegaray became partners
(formerly Higuera + Sanchez),
a small house composed of three pavilions and a outside of the office after they started working
1999­2003. Etchegaray:
Collaborations with Rojkind
pool. The site was piled with burned brick used by together. If they weren’t sharing a studio, they
Sodi in the production of his large-scale ceramic might have to choose between family life and office

P H O T O G R A P H Y: © V I C T O R D E S C H A M P S ( T O P ) ; O N N I S L U Q U E ( B O T T O M )
Arquitectos, Isaac Broid, Esrawe
Studio, 2006–11; TALLER|Mauricio works, so the architects found a way to incorporate life, between community and international recogni-
Rocha + Gabriela Carrillo, 2008–10 the discarded materials, along with red concrete, tion. But like many successful couples, for now they
KEY COMPLETED PROJECTS: into the house’s structural elements. find a way to have both. Jennifer Krichels
Tamosura Park, Cananea, 2017;
Children’s Museum Chapultepec,
Mexico City, 2016; IT Building, Mexico
City, 2016; Fair for Culture Friends,
Mexico City, 2016; Milagrito Mezcal
Pavilion, Santiago de Matatlan, 2015;
Nacozari Square, Nacozari de García, Mezcal House
2014; AS Town Houses, Mexico City,
With demand for the agave
2014 (all in Mexico)
liquor growing, this
KEY CURRENT PROJECTS: renovation expanded a
Mexican Pavilion for the International production facility in the state
Architecture Exhibition at the 2018 La of Oaxaca to provide more
Biennale di Venezia, Venice; Grupo space while following a
Habita Hotel, Mexico City; Guayacan traditional layout. An oven
Pavilion, Puerto Escondido, Mexico occupies the center of the
building, while adjacent areas
AMBROSIETCHEGARAY.MX are separated by concrete-
framed walls made with
rammed earth from the site.
 63

Culture Fair Pavilion

This 8,450-square-foot temporary structure was designed for Mexico City’s annual international cultural fair to create a marketplace-like atmosphere in the city’s historic
center. The aluminum structure supported scaffolding and tarps; burlap sacks hung around the inner and outer circumferences were a nod to the role of trade and commerce.
P H O T O G R A P H Y: © R A FA E L G A M O ( T O P ) ; JA I M E N AVA R R O ( B O T T O M , L E F T ) ; R O RY G A R D I N E R ( B O T T O M , R I G H T )

IT Building
Situated in Mexico City’s Condesa
Children’s Museum Chapultepec neighborhood, this six-unit residential building
is constructed of stacked concrete slabs. A
Providing new outdoor exhibition spaces in Mexico City’s Chapultepec Park, the exterior component of this museum gridlike front facade is punctuated by terraces
expansion creates five distinct landscapes mimicking various environments in the Valley of Mexico. The spaces seek to filled with greenery to create a buffer between
touch the ground lightly by employing permeable gravel surfaces and elevated walkways. the apartments and the city.
64 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017 DESIGN VANGUARD

LEVER Architecture
Portland, Oregon
Innovation in materials and fabrication prompts an
architect to reconsider how buildings are made.
LEVER Architecture has received considerable on the silvery pleats elevates the cladding type, “mak-
attention since the fall of 2015; that was when its ing it seem like more than it is” despite a limited
scheme for Framework, a 12-story mixed-use build- budget, says Robinson.
ing, won the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Tall Regardless of the material or the commission,
Wood Prize. If all goes as planned, the 145-foot-high Robinson maintains that a common thread in his
building, slated for completion in early 2019 in the projects—and those of the firms he has worked for,
firm’s home city of Portland, Oregon, will be the including Eshrick Homsey Dodge and Davis, Herzog
country’s first wood high-rise and the tallest all mass & de Meuron, and Allied Works—is a desire to enrich
timber building in North America. But for Thomas the public realm. He points to Union Way in Port-
FOUNDED: 2009 Robinson, the 48-year-old architect who founded the land’s West End, a project that transformed a 1920s
DESIGN STAFF: 18 office in 2009, the significance of the project is structure, built as a garage and then home to a night-
PRINCIPAL: Thomas Robinson broader than the adjectives “first” or “tallest.” club, into a small retail complex. Its most unusual
EDUCATION: Harvard Graduate Framework speaks to the essence of LEVER’s work, aspect is a covered public passage with walls of re-
School of Design, M.Arch., 2000; which reconsiders how buildings are made. gionally grown poplar and a skylit roof supported by
University of California, Berkeley, The tower follows on the heels of Albina Yard (re- the structure’s original timber trusses, giving the
B.Arch., 1991 cord, June 2017, page 120), a four-story mass timber shopping arcade a uniquely Pacific Northwest twist.
WORK HISTORY: Allied Works multiuse building in North Portland where LEVER has Although most of LEVER’s projects are in the

I M AG E S : © J E R E M Y B I T T E R M A N N ( E XC E P T A S N O T E D ) ; C O U R T E S Y L E V E R A R C H I T E C T U R E ( T O P, A N D B O T T O M L E F T )
Architecture, 2003–09; Herzog & de its offices. On the front facade, each floor appears Portland region, the firm regularly works in Los
Meuron, 2000–03; Esherick Homsey subtly skewed and cantilevers slightly beyond the one Angeles and has done projects on the East Coast. A
Dodge and Davis, 1991–96 below. It served as the testing ground for many of the recently completed winery in Newberg, Oregon, is its
KEY COMPLETED PROJECTS: technologies and concepts that will be used at Frame- lone rural project, but Robinson maintains that the
footwear innovation lab, 2017; Quest for work, including the off-site precision fabrication of same principles apply whether the site is in the city
Beauty, Portland Art Museum, 2017; glulam and cross-laminated timber elements. or the country. As with Union Way, he was trying to
Albina Yard, 2016; L’Angolo Estate
Although Robinson is partial to timber, since address a larger context. Its long and low winglike
Winery, Newberg, Oregon, 2016;
“people connect with it on an elemental level,” his roof, and glazed facades that open onto the vine-
TreeHouse, 2015; animation studio
renovation, Burbank, California, 2015;
investigations are not solely focused on that material. yards, tie the winery to the landscape.
global apparel headquarters, The firm’s first stand-alone building, an apartment Robinson hopes to have the chance to tackle a
Baltimore, 2015; Academy of Motion complex for students at the Pacific Northwest College library or school. These are the kinds of projects
Picture Arts and Sciences, Beverly of Art completed in Portland’s Pearl District in 2013, that, he says, “can demonstrate the value of architec-
Hills, California, 2014; Union Way, 2013; is enclosed in metal panels that are standard except ture to the widest audience and bring richer experi-
ArtHouse, 2013; creative studio and for their accordion folds. The play of light and shadow ence to people’s everyday lives.” Joann Gonchar, AIA
campus, Glendale, California, 2011 (all in
Portland, Oregon, except as noted)
KEY CURRENT PROJECTS:
Framework; Grand Avenue housing;
environmental-nonprofit offices;
Guild’s Lake creative office; the Range,
Bend, Oregon; Flex (all in Portland,
Oregon, except as noted)
LEVERARCHITECTURE.COM

Albina Yard and

Framework
Many of the mass timber technologies
employed in the four-story Albina Yard
(right), will be used in another Portland
project: Framework (far right). It is slated to
become the country’s first wood high-rise.
 65

L’Angolo Estate
A long, low-slung roof and glazed facades that provide views of the surrounding
vineyards merge a tasting room in Oregon’s wine country with the surrounding
landscape.

ArtHouse Union Way

The firm’s first stand-alone building was ArtHouse, a six-story, 50-unit apartment LEVER transformed a structure—built in the 1920s as a garage, and then home to a
complex for students at the Pacific Northwest College of Art. Completed in nightclub—into a small retail complex in Portland’s West End. A sheltered public
Portland’s Pearl District in 2013, the accordion folds of its metal skin elevate the passage through the building has walls of regionally grown poplar and a skylit roof
building’s otherwise standard exterior cladding material. supported by the original trusses.
66 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017 DESIGN VANGUARD

David Kohn Architects

P H O T O G R A P H Y: © M AT T H E W T H O M P S O N ( T O P ) ; W I L L P RYC E ( B O T T O M , R I G H T A N D O P P O S I T E , L E F T ) ; C H A R L E S H O S E A (O P P O S I T E , T O P R I G H T )
London
The pleasure of creating and experiencing architecture
informs a British firm’s varied work.
A few yeArs Ago, David Kohn, who founded David floor tiles (by a maker Antoni Gaudí used) are paint-
Kohn Architects (DKA) in London in 2007, drew up a ed with triangles that echo the shape of the building
list for his office—which currently numbers 17 and the adjacent Plaça de George Orwell.
designers—of 10 points in regard to architecture. As DKA is best known for A Room for London, a 2012
enumerated by the 45-year-old Kohn—who got his collaboration with the artist Fiona Banner that pro-
architecture degree at Cambridge and worked for the duced a boat-shaped dwelling perched atop a concert
art-world favorite Caruso St. John Architects before hall at London’s Southbank Centre. The office is now
going out on his own—they describe a design philoso- at work on much larger projects, like a photography
phy that is refreshingly humanistic. For instance, his center for the Victoria and Albert Museum, and the
FOUNDED: 2007 point No. 3, “Comfort,” tells us, “Architecture should renovation of London’s Institute of Contemporary
DESIGN STAFF: 17 be so comfortable as to allow people to focus entirely Art that will reinstate much of the 1968 interior
PRINCIPAL: David Kohn on life,” while No. 5, “Craft,” states, “The more plea- design by architects Jane Drew and Maxwell Fry. A
EDUCATION: University of Cambridge, sure had in making architecture, the more pleasure nearly 53,800-square-foot, limestone-clad quad for
Dip.Arch., 1997; Columbia University, there is to be taken from using it.” Oxford University’s New College will contain hous-
Fulbright Scholar, 1995–96; University As promised, DKA’s completed buildings and ing with diverse room layouts to make a student’s
of Cambridge, M.A., 1995; University interiors—from contemporary art galleries and exhi- annual move “a pleasurable experience, in contrast
of Cambridge, B.Arch., 1994. bition spaces to residential projects—are as pleasing to housing as a system that sees homogeneity as a
WORK HISTORY: Caruso St. John, as they are precise. They have no signature “look,” virtue,” Kohn says. And for the Greenwich Design
2002–06; Hawkins\Brown, 2001–02; instead taking their cues from program and place. District (to be completed in 2020 as part of Knight
Zombory-Moldovan Moore (ZMMA), The long, narrow form of Stable Acre, a weekend Dragon’s 150-acre, mixed-use Greenwich Peninsula
2000–01; East, 1997–2000 house in the English county of Norfolk, conforms to development across the Thames from Canary
KEY COMPLETED PROJECTS: the footprint of the 19th-century stable that once Wharf), DKA was asked, as were seven other firms,
Sanderson House, London, 2014; stood on the site. The building’s emphasis on natural to design two buildings for rent-capped creative
Carrer Avinyó, Barcelona, 2013;
light and connection to the outdoors makes its mini- studios. One incorporates a massive colonnade, and
Sotheby’s, London, 2013; A Room for
malist contours and restrained palette of brick, the other is crowned by a large “Design District”
London, 2012; The White Building,
London, 2012; Stable Acre, Norfolk,
wood, glass, and corrugated metal feel luxurious. A sign, alluding respectively to Mannerist architecture
U.K., 2010; Royal Academy more exuberant color scheme—a nod to the and to historic guild houses, the exteriors of which
Restaurant, London, 2009 saturated tones of Adolf Loos’s Villa Müller, says refer to the crafts practiced within. Kohn believes
KEY CURRENT PROJECTS: Kohn—prevails at the Sanderson House, an addition that “architecture shouldn’t be the subject of experi-
Quadrangle for New College, Oxford, to the garden side of a Victorian home in London. In ence,” but rather “should create the opportunity for a
U.K., 2015–22; Victoria and Albert Barcelona, a two-story apartment was turned into a rich experience.” While that isn’t one of his 10
Museum Photography Centre, layered, loftlike volume, and its colorful encaustic points, it certainly could be. Pilar Viladas
2017–20; Greenwich Design District,
London, 2017–20; refurbishment of the
Institute of Contemporary Arts,
2012–20
DAVIDKOHN.CO.UK

Quad, New College,

Oxford
The architect’s new quad includes
student housing as well as facilities for
the adjacent New College School, a
lecture theater and a music hall. The
curved limestone facade of the student
housing is punctuated with fixed windows
flanked by anodized aluminum
ventilation panels.
 67

Sanderson House A Room for

A 2014 brick addition to a 19th-century Victorian house in
London
London was designed to feel like a pergola that connects its Commissioned by
new kitchen and dining room to the garden. An arched window Living Architecture
offers views and transmits borrowed light into the living room of and Artangel, and
the original house. designed with the
artist Fiona Banner, A
Room for London—a
boat-shaped structure
perched atop Queen
Elizabeth Hall at
London’s Southbank
Centre—was created
as a residence for
visiting artists,
writers, and musicians
during London’s 2012
Olympic year.

Greenwich Design District

For London’s new Greenwich Design District, DKA and seven other firms (including local 6A Architects
and Madrid’s SelgasCano) have each designed a pair of buildings for creative studios. DKA’s brick and
glass-block designs are covered with green grids, a reference to the work of James Stirling.

Stable Acre
For a three-bedroom weekend
house in the English county of
Norfolk, DKA created a narrow
structure that conforms to the
footprint of the 19th-century
stable that once occupied the
site. The “tentlike” living room
has a south-facing wall of glass
doors that can open completely
to the garden and views beyond.
68 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017 DESIGN VANGUARD

LAND Arquitectos
Santiago, Chile
These partners in life and design promote collaboration
between client and community.
For the Founders of LAND, the practice of archi- that the entire city is situated in a fertile valley
tecture is as much about building relationships as known for its rich agricultural past. In residential
designing buildings. Cristóbal Valenzuela Haeussler, beachfront projects, the firm focuses on preventing
36, and Angela Delorenzo Arancibia, 35, who are erosion, through landscaping as well as siting. “A big
married, established their Santiago, Chile–based part of it is educating people, changing the way they
firm in 2007. With a small team, ranging in size see and relate to the landscape.”
from four to six, LAND has built up a diverse portfo- The couple owns a plot of land in a coastal town
lio of projects at a variety of scales. But the unifying near Santiago that they hope to one day develop for
theme of their work is an ability to leverage connec- themselves. It’s an ideal location, given Valenzuela’s
FOUNDED: 2007 tions among their clients and like-minded passion for kitesurfing. With a national champion-
DESIGN STAFF: 4–6 organizations, corporations, and authorities, press- ship title and a top-10 rank in the 2007 world
PRINCIPALS: Angela Delorenzo ing on toward a mutually beneficial end while championship competition, it is not surprising
Arancibia and Cristóbal Valenzuela respectfully considering each project’s context. that the architect has developed an interest in build-
Haeussler Whether building a school with donations from a ing near the water. “I love the idea that the coast
EDUCATION: Delorenzo Arancibia: cement company or securing funding for public can be more inclusive, while also protected,” says
University of California, Berkeley, projects from nonprofit groups, the firm consistently Valenzuela, who, with Delorenzo, is working on four
master’s in Landscape Architecture, demonstrates a dedication to collaboration. large master plans for regions along the Pacific coast
2013; Universidad Finis Terrae, B. “Buildings can be just buildings, or they can add and on the shore of Panguipulli Lake in southern
Arch., 2007. Valenzuela Haeussler: value in the long term to the place and the commu- Chile. In these, the firm is aiming to shift the
Universidad Finis Terrae, B.Arch.,
nity,” says Delorenzo. “We always try to identify and paradigm for large developer-driven projects by
2007
promote something of specific value in our work.” mitigating erosion through landscaping and siting;
WORK HISTORY: Delorenzo Arancibia:
After an earthquake and tsunami struck the rehabilitating wetland areas to help treat water and
Sebastián Irarrazaval Arquitectos,
central coast of Chile in 2010, LAND built two preserve ecosystems; and creating clear paths and
2013; Christian de Groote Associated
Architects, 2007. Valenzuela
schools, both public-private hybrids common in trails allowing public access to the beaches.
Haeussler: Wedeles & Manieu Chile, to replace ones that had been destroyed. Years “Wherever we can, we seize the opportunity to cre-
Arquitectos, 2006–07 later, the education ministry came calling again, ask- ate a public place through a private project,” says
KEY COMPLETED PROJECTS: ing the firm to design a public school for the rural Delorenzo.

P H O T O G R A P H Y: © S E R G I O P I R R O N E ( B O T T O M ) ; C O U R T E S Y L A N D A R Q U I T E C T O S
Almost Cube House, 2017; Santa Rosa community of San Javier, located in the geographic “We don’t see projects as objects,” she says; “we
School, 2014; Las Palmas Bike Park center of the country. LAND connected the local see them as part of systems. We try to understand
master plan, 2014; Rambla House, school authority to Desafío Levantemos Chile, a the physical and social impact they will have—their
2012; Catch the Light Classrooms, nongovernmental organization (NGO) established bigger context. We believe we can approach every
2011; Spa Las Palmas, 2007 (all in after the earthquake for the purpose of rebuilding project in that way.” Miriam Sitz
Chile) schools. The NGO ultimately provided funding for
KEY CURRENT PROJECTS: Desafío the project, which LAND designed as a prototype
Rural School; Erizo House; ORIGAMI school cum community center to replace a building
Office & Commerce Building; Apart
destroyed by wildfires earlier this year. With con-
Hotel Providencia; master plan Bahia
struction starting soon, the architects hope to build
Volcanes; concept master plan Maule
Coast; concept master plan Los Islotes
similar facilities in other remote, underserved plac-
de Matanzas (all in Chile) es, where schools need the flexibility to provide
LANDARQUITECTOS.COM
social functions beyond the academic.
Flexing different muscles, the firm has also de-
signed offices, high-end beach houses, and personal
spas. But even with these private endeavors, LAND’s
schemes carefully consider their context through
thoughtful siting, landscaping, and material choices.
Delorenzo, who is trained as both an architect and
Catch the Light Classrooms
landscape architect, chose to use aromatic and edible LAND designed the playful Catch the Light Classrooms for the
Santa Matilde School in the city of Til Til, located within
plants in gardens at a forthcoming office building in the Santiago metropolitan region, for victims of the 2010
the upscale Santiago neighborhood of Las Condes. “It earthquake and tsunami. It was funded by Holcim and Cemento
refers to the history of the place,” she says, noting Polpaico.
 69

Santa Rosa School

After the 2010 earthquake and
tsunami, LAND learned about
the need for a new school in
Constitución, a seaside city on
the central coast that was one
of the hardest-hit. The architects
designed an elongated quad of
pine-clad buildings with a chapel,
facing the historic city center, that
serves as a memorial to those who
lost their lives.

ORIGAMI Office &

Commerce Building
LAND developed the plan for an
office tower and its surrounding
landscaping for the real-estate
company Centinela in the upscale
Santiago neighborhood of Las
Condes. The project is slated for
completion in May 2018.
I M AG E S : C O U R T E S Y L A N D A R Q U I T E C T O S ( M I D D L E A N D B O T T O M ) ; © S E R G I O P I R R O N E ( T O P )

Desafío
Rural School
LAND designed a public
school in central Chile as
a prototype that could be
modified and deployed
in other remote areas,
where schools host
multiple programs,
including agricultural
training and activities
for elders.
70 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017 DESIGN VANGUARD

stpmj Architecture
Seoul and Brooklyn, NY
A prolific husband-and-wife team builds projects that are not
as straightforward as they seem.
In the work of stpmj Architecture, things reveal pushes them toward strong formal gestures—such as
themselves incrementally. The familiar becomes the roof displacement in Shear House.
surprising as you turn a corner or come back a month The firm’s name comes from the first initials of
later. The simple becomes complex as you move Seung Teak and Mi Jung connected by a “p” for
around or through it. When one approaches Shear “plus.” It also stands for “five values that we pursue:
House from the west, it appears as a straightforward, speculative, trailblazing, playful, materialized, and
gabled elevation, made somewhat intriguing by an judicious,” they explain.
asymmetrical roof and a trio of rectangular punched For a firm that has been around for less than
openings. Nicely done, but we’ve seen this before—in three years, time and history unexpectedly serve as
FOUNDED: 2015 Herzog & de Meuron’s concrete House in Leymen, for critical elements in several projects. A few months
DESIGN STAFF: 4–6 example, and hundreds of imitations. Walk around it, before Dissolving Arch debuted, stpmj completed
PRINCIPALS: Seung Teak Lee and though, and you discover a more sophisticated geo- Stratum House, which grabs attention with its boldly
Mi Jung Lim metric game being played, as the roof slides over the striated concrete walls that look like geological
EDUCATION: Lee: Harvard GSD, south facade to form an angled eave that protects the layers formed over eons. The architects produced the
M.Arch., 2009; Korea University, glazed dining area below it and then shifts on the irregular strata by varying the ratio of water to
B.Eng., 2004. north side to create a second-story balcony. What cement, the types of aggregates, and the amount of
Lim: Harvard GSD, M.Arch., 2009; seems at first to be monolithic turns out to be much pigment in each pour. In Chail Renaissance, the
Rhode Island School of Design, B.Arch., more complex. A different kind of transformation architects reinterpreted an old Korean sunshade, or
2007; Yonsei University, B.S., 2003 happened this past summer on Jeju Island, where chail, attached to a recently built traditional house
WORK HISTORY: Lee: LevenBetts, Seung Teak Lee and Mi Jung Lim, the husband-and- that serves as an exhibition and conference space for
2011–14; nArchitects, 2009–11; Herzog wife team behind stpmj, erected a freestanding a nonprofit foundation. And in The Masonry, they
& de Meuron, 2008; Systemlab,
barrel vault made of rock-salt bricks. In the warm slyly refer to Robert Venturi’s house for his mother,
2005–06
and humid climate, the rock salt slowly dissolved, Vanna, while making the iconic gabled facade their
Lim: Andrew Berman Architect,
2009–15
leaving just an arching framework of cement mortar. own by using a striking combination of brick and
Educated in both the U.S. and Korea, Lee, 40, and concrete block meeting at a dramatic angle. Call it a
KEY COMPLETED PROJECTS: The
Masonry, Kwangkyo, 2017; Nara Cellar
Lim, 37, split their time between New York and Seoul. Modern take on a Postmodern classic.
Not surprisingly, they often aim to resolve seemingly Studying and working in both the U.S. and Asia

P H O T O G R A P H Y: © S T P M J
Office, Seoul, 2017; Stratum House,
Icheon, 2017; Dissolving Arch, Jeju contradictory forces in their work. “We are interested has pushed Lee and Lim to be “nimble and resilient
Island, 2017; Chail Renaissance, Seoul, in pursuing two goals, both boldness and efficiency,” in order to react quickly and properly to different
2017; Shear House, Yecheon, 2016; say the architects. They call this “Provocative contexts, economics, politics, and environmental
Invisible Barn, Truckee, California, Realism,” a term they coined to bring together the conditions.” While the firm has built mostly in
2015 (all in Korea, except as noted) divergent demands of innovation and low budgets. Korea, it is exploring notions of form, scale, material-
KEY CURRENT PROJECTS: Red Simple forms and everyday materials help them keep ity, and time that should resonate across borders.
Chimney, Jeju Island, Korea; Kkotbit costs down, while a penchant for experimentation Clifford A. Pearson
(subway passage), Seoul; Brick Church,
Gwangju; Arches, Seoul
STPMJ.COM

Invisible Barn
Described by stpmj as an architectural
folly, the 72-square-foot Invisible Barn
was built at the Sagehen Creek Field
Station, a research and teaching facility
of UC Berkeley. The mirror-finished
structure loses its architectural presence
in nature by reflecting the trees around
it. Openings, however, allow visitors
to experience the space by moving
through it.
 71

Shear House
Responding to sun orientation, this small house, just under
1,000 square feet, has two different ends within a monolithic
structure—a typical gable on the west, and a sliced and shifted
east elevation that produces a deep eave and a terrace.

The Masonry
This house for two families plays with scale in dual ways—in the building itself, and in the masonry units used
to construct it. The juxtaposition of bricks with concrete blocks creates a singular facade while making two
units of program discernible in one mass.

Dissolving Arch
This seemingly simple temporary installation of a brick archway took on new meaning over
time. The redbrick-colored rock-salt units that comprise it eroded in the humid climate of Jeju
Island in summer, leaving just the mortar skeleton at the end.
P H O T O G R A P H Y: © S O N G YO U S U B ( 3) ; S T P M J ( B O T T O M , R I G H T )

Stratum House
Seeking to simulate a geologic formation, the striations on the facades of
this 10,000-square-foot house were created by changing the water–
cement ratio, aggregates, and pigments in each layer of concrete, poured
on different days.
72 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017 DESIGN VANGUARD

Uufie
Toronto
A design duo probes visual perspective and materiality to
generate the unexpected.
Since eStabliShing the design and architecture For the cottage, designed to be a flexible space for
studio Uufie in 2009, Irene Gardpoit, 38, and Eiri Ota, reading and sleeping, the two riffed off traditional
37, have undertaken an eclectic mix of commissions forms and motifs. A sharply gabled roof is clad in black
around the world, from an apartment renovation in steel, the walls in charred cedar, and the entrance wall
Tokyo to the atrium design for the Paris department and soffit of the porch—formed from a deep cut in the
store Printemps. Their most recent project, an outdoor volume—surfaced in mirrors to reflect the sur­
installation at the University of Toronto, where Gard­ rounding woods. “We wanted to create a new relation­
poit received a B.Arch, comprises over 100 security ship between nature and the building,” explains Ota.
mirrors arranged in a ring on the ground in a historic Inside, the designers cut out squares on the under­
courtyard. The piece is called Wa-Wa after the Japanese side of the roof; on one side, these slots are glazed,
FOUNDED: 2009 concept of Wa, which connotes a peaceful unity. “It was while on the other, blue­stained shingles were in­
DESIGN STAFF: 4–6 a subtle way to create spontaneity,” says Gardpoit. serted, creating an eccentric allusion to the sky. This
PRINCIPAL: Irene Gardpoit and “People see these objects that appear like water drop­ inventive use of materials and attention to visual
Eiri Ota lets, and they become curious about the site.” perspective are common in Uufie’s practice.
EDUCATION: Gardpoit: University of Uufie’s roots formed in Japan. (The couple are For the 2009 Nagi apartment renovation in Tokyo,
Toronto, B.Arch., 2002. secretive about the origin of the name.) Gardpoit, who for instance, the designers found that melting rayon
Ota: Musashino Art University, B. is Canadian, and Ota, who is Japanese, met in Tokyo onto velvet curtains gave both weight and transpar­
Arch., 2002 in 2007 when she was working for Arata Isozaki, and ency for diaphanous partitions in a railroad­style space.
WORK HISTORY: Gardpoit: KPMB, he for Jun Aoki. Each was about to embark on a solo In Shanghai, they used glass block to transform the
2011–13; Arata Isozaki and Associates, career, and they decided to team up and tackle their facade of a retail store, completed in 2015, into a three­
2003–08. separate commissions together. Since then, the two dimensional iceberg­like structure that glows at night.
Ota: Yabu Pushelberg, 2011–13; Jun
have been personal and professional partners. Going forward, Gardpoit and Ota hope to take on
Aoki and Associates, 2002–08
One of the pair’s first projects, a small cottage projects with a range of programs, but are intent on
KEY COMPLETED PROJECTS:
near Kawartha Lakes in Ontario, completed in 2013, keeping a small studio, which allows them to col­
Printemps Haussmann Atrium, Paris,
presented the opportunity to relocate to Toronto, laborate closely with clients and a regular roster of
2016; Ports 1961, Shanghai, 2015; Lake
Cottage, Ontario, 2013; Nagi, Tokyo, which, according to Ota, has been a more culturally international consultants, such as textile designer
2009 diverse place to develop the practice. “There’s also Yoko Ando and lighting designer Izumi Okayasu.
KEY CURRENT PROJECTS: Ports the luxury of space here,” adds Gardpoit, “and that While “our consultants are always taking the de­
1961, Hong Kong; mixed-use building, allows us to create and store large­scale prototypes signs to the next level,” says Ota, the designers also
Ontario; Valhalla Residence, Michigan; that would be hard to do in Tokyo.” These mock­ups find that new ideas often come from clients. “If the
Georgian Bluff residence, Ontario; include furniture, ranging from an acryclic chair client has a vision and can bring something that we
Senzoku House, Tokyo resembling a peacock to wood and metal tables that don’t know,” says Gardpoit, “that motivates us.”
UUFIE.COM look like natural stones. Alex Klimoski

Ports 1961

P H O T O G R A P H Y: © U U F I E ( T O P ) ; S H E N G L I A N G S U ( 2 )
Shanghai
Uufie transformed the
facade of the Ports 1961
flagship store in
Shanghai with a
dynamic arrangement
of glass block. The
crystalline structure
stands out on its busy
intersection. At night, its
translucent material
emits a soft glow.
 73

Printemps Haussmann Atrium

The design for the Paris department store’s atrium allows visitors to see into all levels of
the building. A vertical dome, or veil, was created from aluminum panels perforated with
a floral motif that alludes to the store’s iconic stained-glass dome.

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simus, nos pla dolorem. Itam aut

Lake Cottage
The designers created an 860-square-foot multiuse space, located in a wooded
area near Ontario’s Kawartha Lakes, for a single family. The interior is fashioned
in stained plywood. Skylights and generous glazed apertures create a robust
connection to the outdoors.
P H O T O G R A P H Y: © N A H O K U B AT O ( T O P ) ; U U F I E ( R I G H T ) ; A N D R E W W I L C OX ( B O T T O M )

Peacock Chair
Creating furniture is an integral part of Uufie’s material research
practice. The design process for the Peacock chair originated with
paper cutouts and ended with an organic, lattice-like form made
from acrylic composite.
74 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017 DESIGN VANGUARD

FreelandBuck
Los Angeles and Brooklyn, NY
The bicoastal team’s distinctive designs are informed by an

P H O T O G R A P H Y: © E R I C S TAU D E N M A I E R ( B O T T O M ) ; C O U R T E S Y F R E E L A N D B U C K ( T O P ) ; K E V I N K U N S TA D T (O P P O S I T E , T O P ) ;
interest in cellular structure and graphic patterning.
MoMentuM is building for FreelandBuck, founded wedge-shaped volumes around an interior courtyard;
in 2010 by David Freeland, 40, based in Los Angeles, Stack House, a loose pile of rotated boxes on a steeply
and Brennan Buck, 42, who heads the firm’s East sloping site; and Mountain View House, an expansion
Coast outpost in Brooklyn. The past two years have of a 1920s Craftsman house, with two new shed roofs
been the busiest yet for the duo, who first met in a rotated at 45 degrees, producing a dramatic increase
“difficult sites” workshop during grad school at the in interior ceiling height. “We love doing stand-alone
University of California, Los Angeles. work, but it was an interesting challenge to work
An ongoing installation at the Smithsonian’s within the constraints of an existing type and still be
Renwick Gallery, on view through February 11, 2018, inventive,” Freeland says.
FOUNDED: 2010 has raised their profile considerably. Parallax Gap is a In the firm’s recent design for the offices of
DESIGN STAFF: 6 10,000-square-foot fabric composition of 19th-century Hungry Man, a Los Angeles video production com-
PRINCIPALS: David Freeland and ceiling designs, cut on a CNC machine, stretched over pany, the “cells” are cubes that look “kind of
Brennan Buck aluminum frames and hung in layers from the ceil- strewn,” as Freeland puts it, across the floor of an
EDUCATION: Freeland: University of ing of the museum’s Grand Salon, producing shifting existing warehouse, though in fact they are carefully
California, Los Angeles, M.Arch., views as visitors walk beneath it. “That work belongs calibrated to facilitate connections between users.
2004; University of Virginia, B.S. neither to the architectural realm nor to art—it’s up That Freeland and Buck are architects for the
Arch., 1999. for debate,” Freeland says. “We make architecture, future was especially evident in their 2016 proposal
Buck: University of California, Los but we spend a lot of time thinking about art,” adds for a temporary installation at the base of New York’s
Angeles, M.Arch., 2004; Cornell Buck. “Parallax Gap was about trying to make a draw- Flatiron Building, reimagining the iconic structure
University, B.S. LArch., 1997
ing in three dimensions.” Most recently, the firm was as a collection of fractured views printed on layers of
WORK HISTORY: Freeland: selected as a finalist for MoMA P.S. 1’s Young translucent fabric. “There’s no longer a single privi-
Michael Maltzan Architecture,
Architects Program 2018 installation. leged point of view from which we look at buildings,

N E L S O N G A R R I D O (O P P O S I T E , B O T T O M )
2005–07; Roger Sherman
All FreelandBuck projects evince an abiding inter- but a plethora,” Freeland says of the new ease of
Architecture and Urban Design, 2005;
AGPS Architecture, 2004–05;
est in cellular structure and graphic patterns. Their photographing buildings and posting images to be
Resolution: 4 Architecture, 1999- design for Paradise Plaza in the Miami Design District, consumed by others.
2002; Peter Eisenman Architects, slated to open this month, stitches together multiple “We think about form as a way to produce pro-
1998. Buck: Neil M. Denari Architects, building facades and circulation elements with a grammatic opportunity, possibility, and variety,”
2004; Johnston Marklee & Associates, dining space under a canopy of vividly colored trian- Buck says. While he and Freeland are both glad to
2002; Walker Macy Landscape gular facets inspired by the work of Israeli sculptor expound on conceptual theory, and do so in their
Architecture, 1999-2001 Yaacov Agam. teaching positions at Yale and SCI-Arc, respectively,
KEY COMPLETED PROJECTS: Three residential projects in the Los Angeles area their architecture-making boils down to one essential
Parallax Gap, Washington, D.C., 2017; are also steaming toward completion: the 1,500- thing. “What we are interested in,” says Buck, “is how
Hungry Man Productions, Culver City, square-foot Second House, made up of three distinct, people engage with our buildings.” Cara Greenberg
CA, 2017; Nike SF, retail installation,
San Francisco, 2013; Earl’s Gourmet
Grub, Los Angeles, 2010
KEY CURRENT PROJECTS: Paradise
Plaza, Miami; Stack House, Mt. Wash-
ington, CA; Urban Putt, miniature golf
course, Los Angeles; Second House,
Culver City, CA
FREELANDBUCK.COM

Hungry Man
Matching the lighthearted character of the
production company, FreelandBuck created
a series of “tumbled” office cubicles that
playfully challenge the gridded regularity of
the typical office space and take advantage
of the generous ceiling height.
 75

Parallax
Gap
This winning proposal
for the Smithsonian’s
“Above the Renwick”
competition is an
assemblage in the
Renwick Gallery that
represents an eclectic
selection of 19th-
century ceiling
designs rendered
through 21st-century
technology and
visual culture.

B+F Sahara
FreelandBuck’s continuing research into lamella structures, explored through a series of
projects for Gastronomica Restaurant Group, is deployed in this Kuwait City eatery as a
vaguely arboreal canopy over the dining room.

Stack House
This residential project features a
loose pile of rotated boxes on a
steeply sloping site in the San
Rafael Hills. A corner of each box is
removed to knit the rooms together.
76 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017 DESIGN VANGUARD

Max Núñez Arquitectos

Santiago, Chile
An architect builds a rich body of work by approaching
each commission as a research project.
As the director of the master’s in architecture courtyards with concrete columns that shade and
program at the Universidad Catolica de Chile, Max enclose the structure, while enabling cross-ventila-
Núñez observes: “There is a younger generation that tion. The architect pushed concrete in another
is coming up with new ways of approaching architec- direction for his MAD Building at the Grange School
ture and theory—I think it is going to become very in Santiago, which sits atop five large reinforced-
inspirational.” Núñez himself could be included in concrete columns of different shapes and angles.
this category. With the music, arts, and dance programs consoli-
The Santiago, Chile–born architect, who founded dated below grade, the ground-floor pavilion
his eponymous firm in 2011 (and has mostly worked becomes a common space protected from the ele-
FOUNDED: 2010 for himself or with partners since he finished school ments while the second level, topped by a faceted
DESIGN STAFF: 3–5 in 2004), is in a good position to look forward, as roof, is an open flexible space. Núñez’s office is
PRINCIPAL: Max Núñez well as back on his country’s unique brand of also designing a house on Chile’s coast—part of a
EDUCATION: Columbia University Modernism. After all, he grew up with a father who larger development that will include six houses by
GSAPP, M.S. Advanced Architectural was, and still is, an architect practicing in Santiago. Chilean architects and six by Japanese architects
Design, 2010; La Pontificia Universi­ “Since I was a kid, I knew what architecture was (Ryue Nishizawa and Alejandro Aravena are each
dad Católica de Chile, M.Arch., 2004, about and what it takes,” he says. “I knew the good designing one).
B.Arch., 2002; Politecnico di Milano, and not-so-good about the profession—and I knew I With many small- and medium-scale projects
exchange program, 1998–99 had to do my own thing.” completed, Núñez is eager to take on larger ones—a
WORK HISTORY: dRN Arquitectos (in And he has. He weathered the financial crisis of goal he hopes to achieve by entering municipal
partnership with Nicolás del Rio), 2008–09 by receiving a grant from the Chilean gov- design competitions in Chile for public work. A few
2005–10; Guillermo Acuña ernment and coming to Columbia University’s years ago, his office won a competition for the
Arquitectos, 2003
Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Atacama Regional Museum, which protects the
KEY COMPLETED PROJECTS: MAD Preservation to earn his master’s in Advanced treasures of an area known for its harsh desert cli-
Building, Santiago, 2014; Ghat House,
Architectural Design. There he began to focus his mate and indigenous population. Clad in terra-cotta
Cachagua, 2016; House 400 Columns,
approach, thinking about each commission as its and perforated blocks of clay, the project references
Colina, 2014 (all in Chile)
own research project and gaining a more global the tone and color palette of the Copiapó Valley. For
KEY CURRENT PROJECTS: Visitor
perspective. “My interest now is, using each project to another competition win, Núñez is working on a
Center Jeinimeni National Reserve
(with Benjamin Murua), Comuna de
test some specific question about architecture. I’m visitors’ center for the Jeinimeni National Reserve,
Chile Chico; Dune House, not searching for a formal coherence between differ- for which he found his inspiration in the large shear-
Ochoquebradas; Catenary House, ent objects, but rather some idea in relationship to ing sheds and granaries of Patagonia’s sheep farms.
Puertecillo; Greenhouse, Santiago (all architecture that can stand on its own,” he says. By reimagining a structure that defines life in the

P H O T O G R A P H Y: © E R I E TA AT TA L I ( B O T T O M ) ; E M I L I A M Ü L L E R ( T O P )
in Chile) For his 400 Columns House in Santiago’s northern south of Chile and glorifying its form, meaning, and
MAXNUNEZ.CL suburbs, Núñez explored the use of concrete as a construction, the project is a good example of
lightweight nonstructural element. He enveloped a Núñez’s goal: to “provide new possibilities of habit-
low, horizontal volume that includes nine interior ability.” Laura Raskin

400 Columns House

Precast concrete columns form a
ventilated skin around this house in
suburban Santiago. The 400 members
were made using agricultural PVC piping
that was cut in half lengthwise to form
molds. The concrete screen was then
manually assembled using a tilt-up
system.
 77

Ghat House
This house on the coast in Cachagua, Chile, follows the slope
of a beachfront cliff, with the house’s roof parallel to its incline.
The interiors, which straddle the line between outside and
inside, are dramatized by large sculptural concrete columns
and stairs.

MAD Building
Five large reinforced-concrete columns of different shapes and sizes support the MAD Building’s upper floor.
Built to house the arts, music, and design program at the Grange School in Santiago, Chile, the building’s
upper level contains three rooms for the visual-arts department and forms a sheltered space below.

Atacama
Regional
Museum
Located in northern Chile’s
Atacama Desert, this
museum was designed to
protect the area’s historical
P H O T O G R A P H Y: © R O L A N D H A L B E ( T O P 2 )

and cultural treasures. Núñez

compares the monolithic
structure to a rock with
several fissures—one allows
access to underground
parking, another carves out
the public entrance to the
museum, and the third opens
administration and exhibition
spaces on the second and
third floors to daylight and
views of the street.
78 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017 DESIGN VANGUARD

Bruther
Paris
A pair of French architects give expressive form to a
stripped-down modernism.
“We don’t subscribe to the religion of minimal- “austerity architecture,” an approach pioneered in
ism, but we look for a certain nudity,” say France by Lacaton & Vassal that seeks to rescue the
Stéphanie Bru, 42, and Alexandre Theriot, 43, of legacy of Modernism from its big-business corporate
Parisian firm Bruther. “Architecture is what re- excesses and restore it to something of its initial
mains when you get rid of the superfluous.” Since social purpose, in the context of the post-2008 eco-
founding their office in 2007, the husband-and- nomic climate. Among Bruther’s other key projects

P H O T O G R A P H Y: C O U R T E S Y B R U T H E R ( T O P A N D O P P O S I T E , T O P A N D M I D D L E 2 ) ; © M A X I M E D E LVAU X ( B O T T O M ) ; F I L I P E D U JA R D I N (O P P O S I T E , B O T T O M )
wife team—who cut their teeth working for French are a characteristically nude residence hall at Paris’s
architect Jacques Ferrier—has completed a handful Cité Internationale (“We don’t really like the domes-
of projects that, while seemingly reducing archi- tic touch, little windows and all that”) and a forth-
FOUNDED: 2007 tecture to a sort of degree zero, are rich with coming large lab-and-classroom building for the
DESIGN STAFF: 12–15 idiosyncrasies and highly personal quirks. Take École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne in
PRINCIPALS: Stéphanie Bru, their most recently inaugurated building (the first Switzerland, their first built work outside France.
Alexandre Theriot competition they won, which took eight years to Bruther was founded in the wake of a six-month
EDUCATION: Bru: Paris Belleville build), an ensemble of 25 social-housing units in trip to Japan in 2006, which proved revelatory for
School of Architecture, B.Arch., 1999; Paris’s 20th arrondissement. Although it is essen- both partners. Afterward, they say, it was a case “of
Theriot: Marne-la-Vallée School of tially a stack of very thin concrete floors wrapped unlearning what we’d learned in practice while
Architecture, B.Arch., 1999 entirely in aluminum-framed glazing (could one working for others.” It remains to be seen what
WORK HISTORY: Bru and Theriot: get less expressive?), it provides a multitude of further refinements they will bring to an approach
Jacques Ferrier Architecture, spatial experiences, thanks to the architects’ clever that they sum up as “a culture of the open plan,
2001–07 manipulation of the code requirements, on an with the structure dissociated, and the demonstra-
KEY COMPLETED PROJECTS: irregularly shaped hillside site. Subtle detailing of tion that you can be thermally efficient while still
Cité Internationale de Paris, 2017; the concrete frame (beams and columns don’t maintaining transparency. All of our buildings,”
Plein Ciel housing conversion, quite meet where you would expect) and of the they conclude, “are both stripped and expressive.”
Mérigniac, 2017; research and
envelope—the all-glass pivoting shutters on the Andrew Ayers
innovation center, Caen, 2015; Cultural
entrance facade, for example—further complexify
and Sport Center Saint-Blaise, Paris,
2014; multiunit housing, Limeil-
the “nudity,” but without becoming trivial or lo-
Brévannes, 2013 (all in France) quacious.
KEY CURRENT PROJECTS:
Bruther first came to attention with the Cultural
Adaptable multiunit housing, Eysines, and Sport Center Saint-Blaise, again in Paris’s 20th,
France; student housing and reversible which was completed in 2014. Here, in a compact
parking lot, Palaiseau, France; EPFL volume that both maximizes precious space and
Building, Lausanne, Switzerland respects its neighbors’ sight lines, the architects
WWW. BRUTHER.BIZ stacked glazing-wrapped column-free floors, on top
of which perches the unglazed sports hall. Once
again, subtle touches—the facades’ slight curvature
or the care with which a cinder block wall was
laid—bring richness and nobility to the pared-back
response to the brief. For the firm’s next completed
project, Le Dôme, in Caen—a fab lab and research
center—Bruther faced the challenge of building the
same floor area as at Saint-Blaise for half the cost.
While the basic approach is similar, the materials
are much cheaper—ETFE cushions and corrugated
polycarbonate on the facade—and finishes left
expressively rough. Despite the constraints, the
architects still managed to include extra space that
was not requested in the brief, in the form of the
canvas-covered rooftop dome (hence the building’s
nickname), which is used for temporary events.
Bruther’s work might usefully be classified as
 79

Cultural and Sport Center

Saint-Blaise
Located in a dense neighborhood, the compact
building saves ground, a real resource of the area,
and is developed vertically. Its transparency
welcomes and links populations and uses.

Cité
Internationale
de Paris
Circulation is concentrated
at the center of the
H-shaped plan for this
building for researchers.
Though the north and
south ends are opaque,
the other facades are
completely glazed, offering
unobstructed views of
a park.

Le Dôme
Bruther won a 2013
competition to design
this research center
(opposite, bottom, and
right), which has come
to be known as Le
Dôme for the expres-
sive form that tops the
building. The project is
part of a redevelop-
ment program for
Caen’s waterfront.
80 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017 DESIGN VANGUARD

Alan Tse Design

San Francisco
A resourceful practitioner learns the ins and outs of the
city-planning process to execute his contemporary designs.
You can get a new client in the most surprising He thinks some basic tenets are overlooked all
ways. too often: “Knowledge of the permitting process,
That’s one thing Alan Tse knows from experience. constructability, budget allocations; balancing schedul-
The 37-year-old once sold a replica Le Corbusier lounge ing priorities; understanding exposure to professional
chair on Craigslist, which prompted a “nice lady, in liabilities; the know-how to effectively problem-solve
head-to-toe Louis Vuitton” to show up at his door. After design and construction issues.”
she requested a 20-percent discount, Tse went out on a Sure, it’s a lot, but Tse thinks accumulating this
limb, “judging by how put-together she was,” says the body of knowledge is what “eventually grants you
San Francisco–based head of Alan Tse Design. “I told better and better opportunities.”
FOUNDED: 2012 her I’d apply that 20-percent discount to her next Working predominantly in San Francisco comes
DESIGN STAFF: 3 home-remodeling project.” The hustle paid off: three with its own set of peculiar challenges. His first
PRINCIPAL: Alan Tse months later, the same well-coifed mystery woman project, Kare-Ken, was a 400-square-foot restaurant
EDUCATION: University of California, took him up on the offer, and he scored his first-ever in the heart of the Tenderloin. “I had to deal with
Berkeley, M.Arch., 2009; University of residential project, the Alta, a 2,400-square-foot graffiti, drug addicts on the streets, a ‘massage par-
California, Berkeley, B.Arts in remodel with addition. “She told me later, she was lor’ as my next-door neighbor, and intense research
Architecture, 2003 purchasing the chair to stage a home she was mov- on urine-repellent paint products.”
WORK HISTORY: Stanley Saitowitz ing out of, so my 20-percent proposition came at the Over time, he’s learned ways to effectively work
Office | Natoma Architects Inc. perfect time.” with the city’s planning department, whose design
2003–11 Tse’s story nicely encapsulates his belief that criteria, notoriously, can be Kafkaesque: “My first
KEY COMPLETED PROJECTS: resourcefulness is every bit as important as creative two building designs were rejected by the city out-
La Maison Condominiums, 2017; vision, something he says he learned working under right,” he says. He’s since learned how to “parallel
International Orange Wellness Center, Stanley Saitowitz for nine years—that and design workflow with the permitting process to provide a
Larkspur, CA, 2016; 4704 Mission rigor, from start to finish. “The success of each de- more measurable timeline for clients.”
Wine Bar, 2016; Nabe II Restaurant,
sign starts with the clarity of the floor plans,” says For instance, the initial design for 1433 Bush—a
2016 (all in San Francisco, except as
Tse, “but you need to learn the business aspect: how 40-unit condominium building in Nob Hill—was
noted)
to get work, how to push your ideas forward.” vetoed by all seven planning commissioners on the
KEY CURRENT PROJECTS: Franklin
grounds that it did not fit in with the neighborhood’s
Condominiums; 2240 Market St. Con-
dominiums; 2444 Lombard Condomin-
historic context. Tse had two weeks to redesign the
iums; 1433 Bush Condominiums; 900 11-story building. “We strive to understand the con-
Clement Dental Clinic; Nami Japanese cept behind their evaluations, digest the criticism in
Bistro; Offset House, Cupertino, CA; their vision at a city-planning scale, and never nega-
Delucchi Restaurant (all in San tively respond to their comments.”
Francisco, except as noted) He describes himself as a modernist who doesn’t
ALANTSE.COM need sleep, aspires to design with flexibility, and has
a serious appreciation for clean lines and minimal-
ism. Of his current projects—and there are many—he
is particularly pleased about La Maison, a series of six
market-rate multifamily housing projects, each devel-
oped in the same vein and with the same level of
commitment to design. “I’m excited for these because
they provide a platform for me to broaden my design
opportunities and exercise skill sets I’ve acquired
P H O T O G R A P H Y: © A L A N T S E

from other projects.”

All those endeavors have one important thing in
common: “parameters,” which he says are essential.
Franklin “They’re the ignitors for design inspiration,” says Tse.
The design of this eight-story
“Physical limitations allow you to create and gener-
condominium features a curtain wall ate spaces. Budget constraints encourage thinking
that lifts up from its corner to reveal a outside your comfort zone. And the city is what puts
ground-level commercial space. your design capabilities to the test.” Derek De Koff
 81

La Maison
The articulated form of this
28-unit condominium in San
Francisco’s SOMA district—the
first in a series of six for the
same developer—allows for
balcony decks and bedrooms
to be staggered around
lightwells.

Tataki
Inspired by traditional Japanese
houses, Tse designed a pitched
profile for the interior of a
ground-floor vegan sushi
restaurant in a new mixed-use
building in San Francisco.
P H O T O G R A P H Y: © B R U C E DA M O N T E ( T O P ) ; A L A N T S E

Offset House
Setback and buildable-area restrictions drove
the form for this single-family house in
Cupertino, California, which is defined by the
dramatic offset between its two stories.
SAVE THE DATE
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 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017 BUILDING TYPE STUDY 989 85

NEW MUSEUMS
With two museums in distant places, it is interesting to
note how distinct they are in their design approach. One,
by Thomas Heatherwick, is a tough and brawny behemoth,
a former granary that’s been carved up and collaged to
make a bold statement. The other, by Jean Nouvel, is a new,
more ethereal endeavor, where a filigreed dome hovers
over an assortment of modest white structures. The first
is in Cape Town, a city whose design identity is in
formation; the second, in Abu Dhabi, a place whose
architectural ambitions are well publicized. record brings
the two together to show how the artistic imagination
takes advantage of different opportunities to create
singular spaces.
P H O T O G R A P H Y: © R O L A N D H A L B E

LOUVRE ABU DHABI, ATELIERS JEAN NOUVEL

86 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017 BUILDING TYPE STUDY MUSEUMS

Louvre Abu Dhabi | United Arab Emirates | Ateliers Jean Nouvel

Oasis in the Desert

The much-anticipated museum outpost opens as the anchor for a new island cultural district.
BY JOSEPHINE MINUTILLO
PHOTOGRAPHY BY ROLAND HALBE AND DANICA O. KUS
 87

P H O T O G R A P H Y: © R O L A N D H A L B E
88 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017 BUILDING TYPE STUDY MUSEUMS

T
his may come as a surprise: the Louvre Abu Dhabi is a subtle
piece of architecture. In a booming city whose population has
tripled in the last 20 years, where surreal landscapes mix
with improbable towers, this museum has been over a decade
in the making and is reputed to have a total price tag of over
$1 billion. Its opening was attended by the Crown Prince
Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed and President Emmanuel
Macron of France. So one might expect a bit more of a spectacle. And while
there are spectacular moments, this is a work that reveals itself slowly.
There is, of course, the dome; 590 feet in diameter, it is giant. But
Nouvel’s dome doesn’t shout. From a distance, its glimmering metallic
finish almost blends with the rippling Persian Gulf waters it hovers
above. It is squat. In fact, the entire building is very low and rather
unassuming from the outside.
Then, there’s that water. “The sea is extraordinary,” said Nouvel
during a preview of the building just before the museum opened to the
public on November 11. “When you have this great asset, it’s like hav-
ing a great card in a hand: you have to use it.” Like a built archipelago
beside the shores of Saadiyat Island—where a larger cultural district
containing museums by Norman Foster and Frank Gehry and a perfor-
mance center by Zaha Hadid is planned—water winds in canals around
the meandering cubic pavilions that make up the museum, which
Nouvel modeled after a medina. Like a parasol, the dome covers nearly
all of the 55 individual pavilions, almost half of which are galleries.
There is no grand entrance. After walking across the nondescript
parking lot, you pass through oversized revolving doors and airport-
like security before making your way through several boxy structures
—all quite stark—past a large information desk, a ticketing area, and
the museum shop. Only a glimpse of the dome’s underside is offered up
to this point.
But then, as you come upon the plaza—what Nouvel refers to as an
Arabian agora—the full splendor of the dome overhead confronts you.
At first it looks unreal, like a dizzying mirage above your head, both
immaterial and hulking at the same time. It is composed of eight layers
 LOUVRE ABU DHABI UAE ATELIERS JEAN NOUVEL 89
P H O T O G R A P H Y: © DA N I C A O . K U S (O P P O S I T E , 2 ) ; R O L A N D H A L B E

SILVER DOME
The extremely
intricate steel dome,
while subtle from the
outside (opposite,
top), inspires awe
when viewed from
beneath (this page).
Artist Jenny Holzer
was commissioned to
create several pieces
for the new museum,
including an inscribed
wall within the plaza
(opposite, bottom).
90 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017 BUILDING TYPE STUDY MUSEUMS
14
14

9
9

14
6
6 7
5
7
5 4
4
7
9 7 3
7
7
7 3
7

7 2
7 7 2
6
7
7 7
5 1
7
1 4

7
7 3
7

7 2
7

7
1

MAIN-FLOOR PLAN 0 150 FT.

50 M.

1 ENTRANCE
2 INFORMATION
3 TICKETING
4 MUSEUM SHOP
5 GRAND VESTIBULE
0 150 FT.
6 PLAZA
50 M.
7 GALLERY
8 RESTROOM
9 TEMPORARY EXHIBITIONS
10 AMPHITHEATER
11 CAFÉ
12 CHILDREN’S MUSEUM
13 RESTAURANT
14 AUDITORIUM
 LOUVRE ABU DHABI UAE ATELIERS JEAN NOUVEL 91

of complex steel assemblies containing

7,850 unique stars—the largest of which
are 43 feet wide—in a dense geometric
latticework that allows only 1.8 percent
perforation. When asked what was the
hardest part of building the dome,
senior construction manager Shehab
Taha replied, “All of it.”
Nouvel was inspired by the fronds of
the local date palm tree; his dome acts
in a similar way to provide shade and
dappled sunlight. The area beneath the
dome, while completely exposed, is
noticeably cooler than the sun-baked
parking lot. Though there is virtually
no rainfall in Abu Dhabi, should it
happen, water would pass through the
dome’s scant openings. There are no
walls either. The dome sits on four
piers, 360 feet apart and hidden within
the pavilions, giving the impression
that it is floating, and offering open,
framed views of downtown Abu Dhabi’s
skyline in the distance. A gentle breeze
occasionally wafts through. Birds
fly by. Insects flit about. “We didn’t
want to do a building—we wanted to
create a neighborhood,” says Hala
Wardé, project architect and longtime
Nouvel collaborator, who also heads
her own firm.
Although the exteriors of the pavil-
ions and their enclosing walls—clad in
white, precast, high-performance fiber
concrete panels—look like plain urban
vernacular forms, the galleries within
come as a surprise. They are lavish.
Nouvel describes the experience, ap-
propriately enough, as stepping into a
palace.
Nouvel’s office designed the vari-
ously sized bronze-framed glass display
cabinets, and pedestals whose bases are
wrapped in a grayish-blue Belgian
stone, which also comprises much of
the flooring between galleries. Within
the galleries, a distinct stone “carpet”
defines the exhibition area, with a
different stone corresponding to the
collection on display—Italian marble for
the Renaissance galleries, for instance.
P H O T O G R A P H Y: © R O L A N D H A L B E

In some rooms, the 55-inch by 9-inch

bronze-framed (and removable) floor
tiles are boldly colored; others are
deeply veined, and still others more
muted. Overhead, an exquisite glass
ceiling likewise delineates the display
area below. Two superimposed layers of
glazed tiles, variously textured with DANCING LIGHT Pools of water surround the museum. Between the large temporary exhibitions pavilion (which is not yet
lines, dots, or waves, give the ceiling a completed) and the café is a small outdoor amphitheater. A stage can be set up on the water, as was done for the museum’s
subtle moiré effect. Inset between the opening celebration.
92 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017 BUILDING TYPE STUDY MUSEUMS

WORK OF ART
The rich combination of
materials and textures in
the various galleries
enhances the presentation
of art (above and left).
While by day the dome
offers a rain of light, by

P H O T O G R A P H Y: © DA N I C A O . K U S ( 2 ) ; R O L A N D H A L B E (O P P O S I T E )
night it resembles a starry
constellation (opposite).
LOUVRE ABU DHABI UAE ATELIERS JEAN NOUVEL 93

tiles are custom-designed LED fixtures that Nouvel’s office developed light. But whether or not the other projects are ultimately realized
with Italian lighting manufacturer Artemide. In some cases, a mirror- (their fates remain unclear) the museum is, as its architect explains,
walled skylight pierces the glass ceiling. not a building: it is instead a cultural oasis, very much of its place yet
The art—a CliffsNotes representation of the Louvre’s encyclopedic unlike anything else nearby—or, for that matter, anywhere. n
collection, with such famous pieces as Édouard Manet’s The Fife Player
and Jacques-Louis David’s Napoleon Crossing the Alps, as well as loans credits
from other French institutions—is inventively hung. In one room, a ARCHITECT: Ateliers Jean Nouvel — Jean OWNER: Abu Dhabi Tourism & Culture
long architectural frieze carved with Koranic verses (ca. 1200) is inset Nouvel, principal; Jean-François Bourdet, Authority
into a wall. A wood statue of Joseph of Arimathea from around the Anna Ugolini, Sabrina Letourneur, Frédéric CLIENT: Tourism Development and
same time stands beside a veiled window, bathed in soft daylight. Imbert, Damien Faraut, Athina Faraut, Investment Company; Agence France-
Exquisite gold jewelry shimmers within a dark-wood room-size case. project leaders Muséums (advisor)
Select gallery walls are lined with bronze panels. The diversity of mate-
ASSOCIATE ARCHITECT: HW SIZE: 1,044,000 square feet
rials and textures, masterfully handled here, enriches rather than
Architecture — Hala Wardé, principal COST: withheld
competes with the art. It is all quite stunning, and a happy antidote to
ENGINEER: Buro Happold (structural) COMPLETION DATE: November 2017
the generic white box of so many museum galleries. These no-expense-
spared interiors inspire awe in much the same way that the minimal CONSULTANTS: Renaud Pierard
SOURCES
plaza does with its dancing light and gentle pools of water. (museography); Studio DAP (acoustics);
Michel Desvigne, Jean-Claude Hardy DISPLAY CASES: Meyvaert
As the first project of the much-hyped but much-delayed arts district
to open on Saadiyat Island, the Louvre Abu Dhabi is enjoying the spot- (landscape) GALLERY SPOTLIGHTS: Artemide
94 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017 BUILDING TYPE STUDY MUSEUMS

Zeitz MoCAA | Cape Town | Heatherwick Studio

The Silo Effect

A new museum of contemporary African art
heightens the sculptural power of the 1920s
industrial complex in which it is housed.
BY SARAH WILLIAMS GOLDHAGEN
 95

B
ritish designer Thomas Heatherwick received no training
as an architect—his degrees, from Manchester Polytechnic
and the Royal Academy of Art, are in three-dimensional
design. What to make, then, of his rapid scaling of the
professional barricades and solid landing in the bastion of
the global architectural elite? If the recently opened Zeitz
Museum of Contemporary Art Africa (MoCAA) in Cape
Town is our guide, there are multiple reasons to cheer the incursion.
Inside, outside, Zeitz is stunning. Beauty is its own reward, but there’s
more. This is one of the most important new public buildings any-
where, and surely one of the most significant in Africa.
Cape Town, routinely referred to as Africa’s most European city, has
long drawn international tourists, and its V&A Waterfront, the historic
harbor named after Queen Victoria and her son Alfred, is the city’s
most visited destination. At one edge rises a nearly 200-foot-high grain
elevator and silo that, when completed in 1924, stood as the tallest
structure in Sub-Saharan Africa. It was decommissioned in the 1990s.
In South Africa, public space is a fraught, and somewhat neglected,
terrain. Although apartheid was legally dismantled in 1994, the coun-
try continues to suffer the multiple distortions of its legacy. When the
African National Congress (ANC) took over, all the country’s formal
urban spaces, private and public, had been conceived, designed, con-
structed, and controlled by whites. Since then, the ANC has devoted
itself to building housing to ameliorate the appalling slum conditions
in the townships. New public space has not been a priority.
The exception is the transformation of Cape Town’s harbor. V&A
Waterfront Authority officials recognized the grain elevator’s potential
but struggled with ideas for how to use it, and turned to Heatherwick
for help. Concurrently, Jochem Zeitz, a German collector of African art,
working with Mark Coetzee, a curator native to Cape Town, sought a
venue to house his growing collection of contemporary African art. An
unlikely marriage was consummated. Heatherwick’s brief was refor-
mulated into the problem of transforming this concatenation
of historic, poured-in-place concrete structures–the 190-foot-tall cluster
of 44 rectangular and square grain storage bins, the 108-foot-tall clus-
ter of 42 cylindrical silos, and a small dust house—into a world-class
museum. Aside from the 10 World Cup stadiums finished in 2010, this
P H O T O G R A P H Y: © M A R K W I L L I A M S ( L E F T ) ; I WA N B A A N ( R I G H T )

WITH THE GRAIN The museum, as well as the boutique hotel, occupy a collection of
grain-storage structures (above and left), including a 190-foot-tall cluster of
rectangular and square bins and a shorter cluster of cylindrical silos.
96 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017 BUILDING TYPE STUDY MUSEUMS

CATHEDRAL OF CULTURE MoCAA’s main skylit atrium

(left and opposite) was created by reinforcing the existing
structure with concrete “sleeves” and then carving out an
irregular void whose shape is taken from a kernel of corn.

would be South Africa’s first major new public

space in decades.
The exterior’s immensity and compositional
clarity more or less guaranteed the project’s ico­
nicity—there’s a reason Walter Gropius, Le
Corbusier, and Charles Sheeler championed grain
silos, with their stark, geometric purity, as tower­
ing incarnations of modernity—but Heatherwick
refashioned this one into more than just a splen­
did exemplar of the type. Multiple layers of paint
were removed, revealing the silos’ continuous
surfaces—astonishingly, constructed in a single
pour—which greatly amplifies their monumental­
ity. Heatherwick—whose Learning Hub at Nanyang
Technological University in Singapore demon­
strates his understanding of the phenomeno­
logical allure of rich, variegated, textured
surfaces—then polished and sealed the silos and
elevators’ craggy, coarse­aggregate­filled concrete.
To signal the structure’s programmatic transfor­
mation (in addition to an art museum, it contains
a boutique hotel), he designed beautifully detailed,
pillowlike windows. The faceted structural glaz­
ing changes color with the reflected light to make
the Zeitz a beacon for miles around.
The exterior proved simple compared to the
structural and programmatic conundrums of the
interiors, which were critical to the museum’s
sustained success. Just enticing visitors to actually
enter the Zeitz was a central challenge, Heather­
wick and Coetzee explain, as virtually no culture
of museum­going exists in South Africa: people
migrate to the redeveloped waterfront to shop, to
dine, and to catch the ferry to Robben Island, not
to partake of high culture—local or global, black
or white.
“Theatricality should be inherent to pieces of
public infrastructure” and civic landmarks,
Heatherwick maintains, and his design for the
main interiors of Zeitz MoCAA embodies theatri­
cality in the best sense of the word: it tugs on your
emotions, inspires a sense of delight. To do this,
Heatherwick amped up his celebration of the
building’s history. The narrow, vertical entrance
foyer draws your gaze upward, where you discov­
er, inset into the ceiling high above you, the
original metal chutes that, when cranked open by
hand, would pour the stored grains directly into
large, open containers parked on train trestles.
Immediately, an impression: this is an active
place.
And then! Proceeding into the lobby opens up a
jaw­dropping vaulted atrium—before, below, and
above you—etched deep with shadows, streaming
with sunlight. Reminiscent of Louis Kahn’s un­
built, much smaller Mikveh Israel Synagogue
project, this public atrium is as affecting as Frank
 ZEITZ MOCAA CAPE TOWN HEATHERWICK STUDIO 97
P H O T O G R A P H Y: © I WA N B A A N
98 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017 BUILDING TYPE STUDY MUSEUMS

4
6
1 2 3

B 5 B

0 100 FT.
GROUND-FLOOR PLAN
30 M.

3 6

6
6

0 30 FT.
SECTION A - A
10 M.

0 30 FT.
SECOND-FLOOR PLAN
10 M.

6 6

6
3
9 8
7 2 1

0 30 FT.
SECTION B - B
10 M.

1 MUSEUMENTRY 4 MUSEUMSHOP 7 SCULPTUREGARDEN

2 GRANDHALL 5 STORAGE 8 RESTAURANT
0 30 FT.
SEVENTH-FLOOR PLAN
10 M. 3 ATRIUM 6 GALLERY 9 HOTEL
 ZEITZ MOCAA CAPE TOWN HEATHERWICK STUDIO 99

WATERFRONT REVIVAL The MoCAA project is part of the

ongoing redevelopment of Cape Town’s V&A Waterfront
(opposite). The museum’s exhibition spaces include a
rooftop sculpture garden (bottom, right) and 80 box-
shaped galleries, such as the one devoted to the work of
South African artist Nandipha Mntambo (right).

Gehry’s Guggenheim Bilbao, a flat-out won-

drous space, at once dynamic and containing,
sensuously textural and gravely monumental.
Correctly determining that maintaining the
existing building’s rigid geometries risked an
overly static design, Heatherwick scanned a
corn kernel to use as the datum for the shape
of the atrium’s void, which is carved into the
building’s clustered cylinders. The contrast
between the void’s irregular, biomorphic
curves and the concrete silos’ geometric
regularity creates an extremely dynamic com-
position. (The 80 gallery spaces on nine floors,
for a total of 65,000 square feet, are differently
sized and proportioned white boxes. They
function, they’re fine, and they’re nothing par-
ticularly special, but they are precisely what
the curators demanded.)
The execution of this atrium proved more
than complex. When the silos were originally
constructed, the simple fact of their clustering
created the building’s lateral stability. How to
carve a long-span, multistory atrium out of
such a structure? Working with engineers
from Arup and local partner firms—Van der
Merwe Miszewski Architects, Rick Brown
Associates, and Jacobs Parker—Heatherwick’s
team designed what is essentially a new
building to support the original structure.
Reinforced concrete “sleeves,” 9¾ inches thick,
were poured inside each 18-foot-diameter
cylinder. Then a land surveyor mapped hun-
dreds of coordinates from the corn-kernel
scans onto the silo bins, enabling contractors
to identify where to scoop through the result-
ing two sandwiched layers of concrete.
This design produced opportunities for con-
P H O T O G R A P H Y: © I WA N B A A N (O P P O S I T E ) ; A N T O N I A S T E Y N ( 2 )

struction details that significantly enhance the

building’s emotionally arresting quality. The
sanded, velvety-smooth surfaces of the new
structure highlight the burnished, jewel-like credits
quality of historic concrete. Heatherwick is
ARCHITECT: Heatherwick Studio — Mat Cash, group SOURCES
unapologetically after what he calls soulfulness,
leader; Stepan Martinovsky, project leader WINDOWS/SKYLIGHTS: Mazor Aluminum
explaining that as a child “the public areas in
ASSOCIATE ARCHITECTS: Van der Merwe Miszewski ROOF GARDEN PAVERS: World of Decorative Concrete,
cities always seemed to be their worst parts.” He
Architects, Rick Brown Associates Architects, Jacobs Le Roux LJ Industries
credits his artistic training with helping get him
Parker Architects GALLERY FLOORS: Sika
to his current practice, adding that the curricula
in architecture schools in the 1980s, when he CONSULTANTS: Sutherland (civil, structural); Arup (civil, HARDWARE: Dorma
was a design student, seemed “so abstracted structural, m/p, fire); Solution Station (electrical, fire) SUSPENSION GRID: Saint Gobain
from the everyday experience of people.” GENERAL CONTRACTOR: WBHO ELEVATORS: Schindler
Artist, architect, whatever: Heatherwick’s CLIENT: Victoria and Alfred Waterfront Holdings
sensibility is a welcome addition to contempo-
SIZE: 102,000 square feet
rary architectural discourse. Celebrate this
COST: $35 million
accomplishment, watch what comes next, and
keep an open mind. n COMPLETION DATE: September 2017
100 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017 ACOUSTICS

Hear! Hear!
Four new community gathering spaces raise
the bar on acoustics.
By Katharine Logan

Humans are visual creatures, and architects Chicago-based Studio Gang’s new Writers quadrupled its acoustic volume.
are particularly visual humans—first the Theatre illustrates. The 36,000-square-foot The spatial design fosters intimacy using a
drawings and then the photographs are often building comprises two performance spaces (a thrust stage around which the audience is
mistaken for a building’s whole story. But the main stage and a smaller black-box venue) seated, with no edge or change of level to
experience of architecture is more powerful opening onto a glass lobby structured by tim- separate the front row from the performance.
and subtle than eyes alone perceive. Especially ber trusses. Located in Glencoe, Illinois, and But the acoustics for Writers’ typically unam-
in community gathering places, acoustics play completed in 2016, the new theater replaces a plified performances presented a complex
a vital role in shaping a building’s character much smaller-capacity venue in which Writers challenge in the larger room. The human
and the quality of experience it facilitates. grew up. Theatrical intimacy has character- auditory system measures the volume of a
From theater to library to ashram, designers ized the spoken-word company since its start space by subconsciously comparing the differ-
are working with acoustics to bring their in 1992, and the design team strove to main- ence between the time direct sound arrives
projects into the round. tain that quality even as Nichols Theatre, along the line of sight and the time reflected
Few buildings are designed for acoustics Writers’ new 250-seat main stage, more than sound arrives from the space’s perimeter sur-
more deliberately than performance spaces, as doubled the capacity of the previous venue and faces. The farther away these surfaces are from
 101

ADAPTIVE REUSE The main performance space at

Studio Gang’s Writers Theater (opposite) in Glencoe,
Illinois, includes an acoustic screen made of bricks (left
and above) salvaged from the company’s former home.

absorb the sound; instead, it breaks sound

waves into random energy. “We kept that
energy in the room,” says Giegold. “We dif-
fused it and sent it back to envelop the
audience in an ambience rather than in a
series of hard reflections.” While the sound
continues to infuse the theater with energy, it
no longer betrays its size.
Having dealt with undesirable reflections
from distant surfaces, the designers then set
about further enhancing intimacy by intro-
ducing a few deliberately distinct reflections
from spots near the actors. Small but critically
placed and shaped reflectors are located on
the underside of the catwalks, and a couple of
sail-like reflectors are suspended between
them. These take the sound on stage and
PHOTOGRAPHY: © STEVE HALL /HEDRICH BLESSING

the listener, the later their reflections arrive; canopy—is diffuse and vague. Translating this throw it across the room, so that an actor
the later the reflections, the more degraded experience into built form, the design sur- speaking with his or her back to one side of
the sense of acoustic intimacy. “In acoustic rounds the audience with a diffusive screen. the audience is nonetheless intelligible. “We
terms, a fourfold increase is vast,” says Carl Bricks salvaged from the facade of Writers’ end up with a distinctive, intimate character
Giegold, a partner with Threshold Acoustics, previous home (a 1938 structure demolished to that is the hallmark aesthetic of Writers
Chicago-based consultants to the project. make way for the new building) are offset 8 Theatre,” says Juliane Wolf, a design principal
Threshold uses the metaphor of storytelling inches from the primary theater’s perimeter at Studio Gang.
around a forest campfire to describe its solu- walls. They form a highly articulated surface While a theater needs as blank an acoustic
tion for creating the feeling of being close to or that changes in shape and amplitude as it rises slate as possible, libraries’ acoustic needs are
alone with performers, even with more distant from floor to catwalk. “The complex pattern- increasingly various. The Old Galt Post Office
surfaces. The actors onstage represent the ing of the screen mimics the randomness of Idea Exchange in Cambridge, Ontario, by
light, heat, and story around which the audi- the outdoor environment,” says Giegold, “and Toronto-based RDHA, and the new Central
ence gathers; unlike the walls of a room, the defeats the acoustic boundaries of the room.” Library in Austin, Texas, by San Antonio–
boundary of a forest clearing—tree trunks and Importantly, the brick screen does not based Lake|Flato and Boston-based Shepley
102 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017 ACOUSTICS

BEYOND THE BOOK RDHA’s Idea Exchange (left) in

Cambridge, Ontario, and the Central Libarary (below, left
and right) in Austin, Texas, by Lake|Flato and Shepley Bul-
finch, represent a new generation of library, with spaces
that can accommodate a wide range of programming.

Creation Space offer opportunities ranging

from robotics and 3-D printing to woodwork-
ing and sewing. Part of a municipal library
system, the Idea Exchange complements an
existing book-based library in the community.
Similarly, the Austin Central Library, a
200,000-square-foot facility that opened in
October, celebrates books and reading.
Jonathan Smith, an associate partner at
Lake|Flato, calls it the best daylit library in
America, due in large part to a six-story atrium

I M AG E S : C O U R T E S Y R D H A ( T O P ) ; © C A S E Y D U N N ( B O T T O M )
that includes extensive skylights, clerestories
optimized for their solar orientations, and a
generous east-facing curtain wall. The facility
also extends its capacity for community en-
gagement with a 250-seat event space, meeting
rooms, art gallery, café, screened porches for
reading overlooking Lady Bird Lake, and a
Bulfinch, represent a new breed of library: heritage post office, adding a new transparent rooftop garden, as well as dedicated multiuse
they are intended as dynamic, polyvalent pavilion that doubles the post office’s floor areas for children and teens.
gathering places. With spaces that can accom- area and cantilevers 20 feet over the Grand “The goal for any community space is to
modate diverse programming, they address River. The lower level offers a black-box the- provide a comfortable acoustic environment
more challenging acoustic issues than libraries ater and multipurpose room, audiovisual for multiple applications,” says Payam Ashtiani,
have historically faced. recording suites, and studios for playing musi- a principal with Mississauga, Ontario–based
Dubbed Canada’s first bookless library, the cal instruments on loan. An atrium connects Aercoustics Engineering, consultants to the
Galt Idea Exchange, scheduled to open in to the main level, which includes a periodicals Galt Idea Exchange. To achieve that goal, the
spring 2018, engages creative people of all ages. reading room, café, and restaurant. Upstairs, acoustic design must address three primary
The project renovates a 9,000-square-foot the Children’s Discovery Centre and the adult factors: room acoustics (the behavior of sound
 103

RESTFUL RETREAT The form of Patkau Architect’s

Temple of LIght, a sanctuary and meeting place for the
Yasodhara Ashram, was inspired by the shape of a
previous building destroyed by fire, and its spectacular
setting in the mountains of southeastern British Columbia.

Exchange’s Creation Space was less than one

second, with a low of 0.6 seconds for the re-
cording studios. For the atrium, an RT of 1.2 to
1.5 seconds maintains the feeling of a large,
open space without allowing noise to build to
a din.
The Idea Exchange primarily uses perfo-
rated acoustic drywall to achieve the desired
Noise Reduction Coefficients (NRCs). The mate-
rial meets a budget that Tyler Sharp, principal
at RDHA, describes as difficult, given the
ambitions of the project. But it also has desired
aesthetic qualities, says Sharp. Its continuous,
uniform dot pattern flows evenly across the
atrium ceiling’s angular geometry, and the
dots relate neatly to the pattern of the curtain
wall’s ceramic frit.
To achieve the NRC required for its atrium,
the Austin Library uses acoustical plaster on
the ceiling and undersides of projecting floor
slabs. A relatively expensive material that
shows abuse, acoustical plaster suits these
out-of-the-way applications. Two large, south-
facing walls designed to reflect daylight into
the library are clad with perforated metal
panels backed with acoustical batts to prevent
them from also reflecting sound. “The fact
that this giant volume isn’t echoey makes the
building feel more approachable,” says Smith.
“It doesn’t show in the photos, but when you’re
there, you have a great feeling in the space.”
If acoustic tranquility is welcome even in
the new, more dynamic breed of library, it is a
necessity in the Temple of Light, a sanctuary
in the space), sound isolation (the exclusion of range. In general, good acoustic separation and meeting place for the Yasodhara Ashram,
noise from outside the space), and mechanical- between adjacent spaces can be provided with a yoga retreat and study center in the moun-
noise control (the control of sound from demising partitions that have an STC rating tains of southeastern British Columbia. The
building services). Ken Dickensheets, principal of 45 to 50. new temple, designed by Vancouver-based
of Austin-based Dickensheets Design At the Idea Exchange, STC-50 is achieved for Patkau Architects and completed this summer,
Associates, acousticians for the Austin Library, multipurpose-room walls with two layers of replaces an earlier one destroyed by fire.
concurs. He adds that acoustic analysis early in ⅝-inch gypsum board on either side of 3⅛- The temple responds to the collective mem-
the design process maximizes the opportuni- inch, fiberglass-insulation-filled steel studs. ory of the original space (which comprised
ties for cost-effective solutions. For the recording suite, which requires a high- eight rotationally symmetric bays, like its
The distribution of program elements, for er STC rating, the insulated studs are doubled replacement). But it also takes cues from the
example, can simplify acoustics by locating on either side of a 2-inch air gap. To prevent spectacular clifftop site, with its views of
zones that require quiet away from sources of sound flanking (the transmission of sound Kootenay Lake and the surrounding forest,
P H O T O G R A P H Y: © DA N I E L S É G U I N

noise, including mechanical equipment. The around, over, or under the primary partition and from the lotus flower, an important sym-
Austin Library’s event space is on the lower separating two spaces), the suite’s concrete bol in the yogic tradition, says Luke Stern,
level for this reason, as are the Galt Idea floor slab is isolated from the structure with manager of design research at Patkau.
Exchange’s performance and recording spaces. neoprene gaskets. Constructed of prefabricated wood panels’
Once the opportunities for passive solutions Within a room, reverberation time (RT) is acting in concert with glulam arches and
have been fully taken advantage of, floors and defined as the interval in which sound decays shear wall elements, creating an integral shell,
walls can be designed to further isolate spaces. by 60 decibels (dB). (Decibels are the logarith- the temple is the focal point of the spiritual
An assembly’s Sound Transmission Class (STC) mic unit used to measure the intensity of life of the ashram. The form of the primary
rating describes its ability to attenuate the sound.) To prevent collaborative spaces’ becom- volume, pinwheel in plan, is made up of eight
transmission of sound in the audible frequency ing too noisy, the target RT for the Idea interlocking petals, curvilinear yet built of
104 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017 ACOUSTICS

FLOWER POWER An early scheme for the Temple of Light included wood slats with
acoustic backing (left) on the underside of its petals. These interior surfaces were
ultimately constructed of painted drywall with compound curves, to help mitigate
sound-focusing problems. A chandelier of melamine-foam baffles (above) absorbs excess
acoustical energy.

of this acoustic chandelier supports the temple’s floral metaphor, as if

they were the anthers and filaments of stamens.
Since the building opened, it has hosted musical performances as
well as meditation, yoga practice, and instruction. “The acoustics have
far exceeded expectations,” says Stern.
In common with the designers of Writers Theatre, the Old Galt Post
Office, and the Austin Library, Stern describes acoustics as an often-
neglected aspect of architectural design. “They really can negatively
affect people’s experience of a space, no matter how wonderful it is
formally,” he says. Conversely—as these projects illustrate—when acous-
tics are taken as a significant design parameter from the start, they
enrich the multisensory experience that is architecture. n

Katharine Logan is a designer and writer focusing on architecture, sustainability,

and well-being.

straight members, and radiating from a central oculus.

Because of the project’s modest budget of $2.75 million, the design Continuing Education
To earn one AIA learning unit (LU), including one hour of
team could afford only a simplified approach to acoustic modeling. The
health, safety, and welfare (HSW) credit, read “Hear! Hear!,”
acoustic consultants, Vancouver-based RWDI, offered advice based on
review the supplemental material found at architecturalrecord
the sound quality of a simple dome, without the compound curves of
.com, and complete the quiz at continuingeducation.bnpmedia
the eight petals, in which the RT would reach 3.5 seconds or longer. (An .com or by using the Architectural Record CE Center app available in
echoey gymnasium has an RT of about 2 seconds.) The architects knew the iTunes Store. Upon passing the test, you will receive a certificate of
that the design’s curves would mitigate the long RT but considered completion, and your credit will be automatically reported to the AIA.
additional measures to be in order. Additional information regarding credit-reporting and continuing-education
The temple’s unusual geometry was designed in part to mitigate the requirements can be found at continuingeducation.bnpmedia.com.

I M AG E S : C O U R T E S Y PAT K AU A R C H I T E C T S
focusing issues that afflict simple domes. There are no parallel surfaces Learning Objectives
that would cause significant harmonic resonances or flutters, says
1 Describe acoustical strategies for making a large space feel intimate.
Stern, and where concave surfaces occur, they are not centrally focus-
ing, so that acoustic hot spots from each of the eight petals don’t 2 Describe strategies for optimizing acoustics in spaces intended for
overlap. Moreover, those hot spots mainly occur above head height. diverse uses.
At the base of the petals, which are finished in white-painted gyp- 3 Describe acoustical strategies for mitigating mechanical noise and noise
sum board, glazing provides views of the temple’s lakeside setting. To from outside a space.
prevent sound’s ricocheting off the hard surface of the glass and back 4 Define such terms as reverberation time, sound-transmission class, and
to the building’s occupants, the architects segmented and angled the noise-reduction coefficient.
glass to direct reflections upward, beyond head height. And to absorb
AIA/CES Course #K1712A
excess acoustic energy, a pinwheel array of 96 melamine-foam baffles is
suspended from the oculus at the top of the dome. The overall envelope
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 NATURAL STONE ON ALUMINIUM HONEYCOMB
• 60 times the impact strength of ordinary slab stone
• 1/5th the weight of slab stone
• Fast and simple installation
• Hurricane, earthquake, and fire resistant
• Any stone from anywhere around the world

Visit the website for Samples, Specifications and CAD details

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 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017 107

108 FURNISHINGS
110 LIGHTING
114 OPENINGS
116 KITCHEN & BATH
118 FACADES
120 FINISHES
122 BUILDING SYSTEMS &
COMPONENTS

I N T R U S S E S C A L AT O R M O D E R N I Z AT I O N , PAG E 1 2 2

Record Products 2017

Architectural Record’s annual competition for best new OUR GOLD BLUE-RIBBON
products of the year attracted more than 250 entries. Our BADGE denotes BEST reflects the
independent jury of designers selected 57 innovative Best in winners with
Editors’ Record staff’s
the highest total picks in each
winners, of which the Best in Category received the top Category score in a group. Choice category.
numerical rankings. In addition, Record editors scrutinized
the winners through the lens of their own reporting and
highlighted other favorites. Turn the pages ahead to find Written by Leslie Clagett, Sheila Kim, Linda Lentz, and Rita Orrell
the latest, and best, building products. Edited by Kelly Beamon

Jurors
Jamison Guest Erin Dreyfous, IALD Carrie Moore, AIA
Since joining Heintges & As a principal for Tillotson A director for Skidmore,
Associates in 2007, Guest Design Associates, Dreyfous Owings & Merrill, Moore’s
has contributed to the oversees several large-scale expertise is in complex
innovative facades of more projects around the world. institutional projects,
than 20 global projects. She recently received a 2017 including the first net zero
He’s a licensed architect IES Illumination Award for energy school in the
with a master’s in architec- the Vagelos Education Northeast (record, January
ture from Columbia Center in New York. 2016, page 122).
P H O T O G R A P H Y: © G A RY H E

University.
D.B. Kim Sheila Bridges
Anne Fletcher, An architect by training, Founder of her eponymous
AIA, LEED AP Kim has developed entire 23-year-old firm, Bridges (a
Managing principal of HOK’s global brands as VP of Brown University and
L.A. office, Fletcher rose design for Wanda Group in Parsons alum) has designed
through the firm’s ranks, Beijing and Starwood Hotels products and interiors,
leading high-stakes projects & Resorts. He was also a including the Harlem office
such as the new LaGuardia principal for Daroff Design of former President Bill Standing, left to right: Jamison Guest, D.B. Kim, and Carrie Moore. Seated, from left:
Airport master plan. and Pierre-Yves Rochon. Clinton. Anne Fletcher, Erin Dreyfous, and Sheila Bridges.
108 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017 RECORD PRODUCTS

Furnishings Best in
Contract | Residential | Indoor | Outdoor Category

AllSteel Retreat
A high back, low armrests, and relatively upright recline differen-
tiate this working wingback from its residential counterparts.
The streamlined wings atop the 46" tall back help screen out
visual and aural distractions in open workspaces. The tapered Seating Stones Lounge Chairs
base facilitates easy entry and exit. Retreat is available with glides These triangular chairs (33" high x 63" wide x 33" deep) are one ver-
and a swivel rotation that can be 360º or return to the center. sion of the brightly designed Seating Stones collection by Ben van
allsteeloffice.com Berkel. Available with Teflon glides for use on stone and carpeting,
and felt glides for wood floors, the Lounge Chairs can also be ganged
together using floor stoppers for a modern, geometric sectional. Three
more chair designs, a pouf, and a table round out the collection.
walter-k.com/products
BuzziPleat
Suspended from the ceil-
ing or mounted on a wall,
the two configurations of Entrada
this acoustic fixture maxi- While this hanging panel
mize its surface area, appears to be wool felt, it is
which, in turn, increases actually made of a polyester
its sound absorption. fabric that passes stringent
BuzziPleat uses folding fire codes. Installed
techniques—hand pleating over windows, Entrada
and smocking—to create a (Carnegie’s new acoustic
sculptural form. Ripple panel) uses its 3-D structure
(shown) comes in two of laser-cut woven fabric to
diameters, 39" and 59", in create an interplay of light
an array of neutral and and shade. As a hanging
bright colors. Its sound- divider, the 47" x 118" panel
absorbing P.E.T. felt is has NRC ratings of 0.45
made of 100% upcycled when draped flat and 0.65
plastic bottles. if draped at 100% fullness.
buzzi.space carnegiefabrics.com
 109

Pendleton by
Sunbrella Collection
Rendered in sunlight-
and chemical-resistant

Editors’ acrylic fabric, this

portfolio of Native
Choice American–influenced
designs merges
commercial-grade
durability and the
Pendleton brand’s
reputation for crafts-
manship. Five patterns
Halo Credenza form the basis for this
The modular nature and residential details of this credenza collection of 53 out-
can accommodate a range of storage conditions and settings. door fabrics.
Part of the Halo system of conference-room solutions, Halo sunbrella.com/
Credenza, designed in partnership with Gensler, comes in pendleton
three standard depths (18", 21", 24") and is loaded with organi-
zational components including a lift-top compartment,
drawers, shelving, and inserts. The casegood, which can
be mixed and matched with Halo benches and tables, also
ranges in height from 23½" to 40".
halconfurniture.com

Palma
With no visible mechanical parts, this 88½"-tall umbrella Vicinity Lounge
automatically opens and closes. The base conceals a quick- Part of AllSteel’s Gather collection,
release mechanism, and the coated-aluminum shaft encloses this lithe lounge chair is built to
a gas strut. A gentle tug on one arm holding up the 118"-diam- be easily moved around collabora-
eter acrylic canopy operates it. tive workspaces and to hold up to
royalbotania.com 300 pounds. Measuring
27¾" high x 31¼" wide
x 28⅞" deep, the chair
has a tubular steel
base engineered to
stay balanced on
uneven floors.
Designed by Mitch
Bakker, Vicinity
can be specified
with an upholstered or plywood
back in six veneers. The base
comes in seven finishes.
allsteeloffice.com

“The Seating Stones

Apace Lounge Chairs show how
Special construction techniques make this nylon carpet the concept of modular
look like wool. Weaving solution-dyed, six-ply nylon can be innovative and
warp yarns (composed of four-ply bulk fiber wrapped playful.”
in a thin, tightly twisted two-ply fiber) creates a D.B. Kim
commercial-grade broadloom floor covering with the
appearance and texture of a Berber carpet. Available
in 13 colors.
tandus-centiva.com
110 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017 RECORD PRODUCTS

Lighting
Contract | Hospitality | Residential | Controls Berlin
This dramatic pendant
from Troy Lighting
combines a sleek contem-
porary aesthetic with a
touch of industrial heft.
Available in three sizes—
from 12½" to 19½" in
diameter x 11" to 18½"
high—Berlin features a
frosted globe diffusing a
2700K LED light source
that glows from within a
handcrafted iron mesh
cone. This construction is
encased in a bubble of
clear blown glass and
comes with sectioned
stems to allow for ceiling
drops ranging from 18"
to 67½".
troy-lighting.com

Studio
This collection of LED track
projectors by Sistemalux
offers flexible lighting solu-
tions for a variety of
commercial applications.
Designed with a proprietary
heat sink for optimum out-
put performance (up to 5000
lumens) and color consisten-
cy, the die-cast aluminum
BuzziChandelier Studio series—in medium
Designed by Antwerp-based Sas Adriaenssens for BuzziSpace, and large sizes and in matte
this 30¾" x 29½" LED pendant not only serves as a focal point black or white—features field
that casts a gentle play of light and shadow around a space, it has interchangeable optics, lock-
acoustic properties as well. This is due to a sound-absorbing able on-axis aiming, and a
shade made of a dual layer of eco-felt—a product of 100% up- range of warm to cool color
cycled plastic bottles—stretched over a powder-coated steel temperatures.
frame. The BuzziChandelier is available in plain or perforated sistemalux.com
Emperador (above), Carrara, and Gold versions.
buzzi.space.com

LumiLine Low Profile Versatile Performance AC Direct LED Luminaire

The second generation of Electrix Illumination’s existing LumiLine L140, this extruded, satin-
anodized aluminum fixture ups the ante on its predecessor with greater lumen output and
improved efficiency. It also doesn’t require a driver, due to its ability to connect directly to AC
electrical systems. A good choice for linear applications and architectural accents, the L145
measures 1¼" wide x 2” high and from 22¼" to 44¼" long. Custom options allow for preferences
in color temperature, fixture lengths, and hues.
electrixillumination.com
 111

Satellight
Like a full moon in the night sky, the luminous
orb of Foscarini’s new collection seems to hover
within its bell jar. Milk-white, the spherical dif-
fuser is lodged in the crown of a transparent
container; both are hand-blown glass. Available in
table, sconce, and suspension (right) versions—the
latter measuring about 14" wide x 16" high—
Satellight comes with a 3000K dimmable-LED
light source.
foscarini.com

Best in
Category

Halo
Designed and manufactured by
Matthew McCormick, this modular
series of pendants was inspired by the
Alphabet of Light golden bubbles floating in a glass of
Designed by the Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG) for Artemide, Alphabet of Light comprises curved and sparkling Prosecco, and can be grouped
linear LED tubes that can be connected to create a variety of graphic shapes—including letters and in myriad configurations. Available
numbers. Suspended or wall-mounted, these fixtures provide shadow-free 3000K illumination, with a choice of 8", 12", or 16" dimmable
and all connecting joints are concealed. The linear sections come in 47¼", 70⅞", and 94½" lengths 3000K Circline fluorescent lamps, Halo,
and the circular in 357⁄16" and 61" diameters. finished in brass, copper, nickel, or
artemide.net 24-karat gold, adds a luxurious note.
matthewmccormick.ca

Hoopla Pendant
Designed to make a subdued,
elegant statement in spare
interior spaces, this lasso-
shaped pendant is made of a
⅞" powder-coated aluminum
“Seamless light is always
channel that drops 30" to 54"
something designers are
from a ceiling to form either
trying to achieve.
a 16" or 24" halo of 2700K
Alphabet of Light offers
LED light with a CRI of 90 or
lots of potential for
higher. Standard colors
various applications.”
include warm black and soft
Carrie Moore, AIA
white, though custom shades
are also available.
boydlighting.com
112 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017 RECORD PRODUCTS

“FLC200 LED
floodlights provide an
Editors’ impressive offering of
optical lenses and
Choice internal glare control.”
Erin Dreyfous

Squilinder
Lucifer Lighting’s popular Cylinder line has been revamped with up-
FLC200 LED
Made of marine-grade, die-cast aluminum, this fam-
graded technology and improved mounting mechanisms. The company
ily of high-power LED floodlights by WE-EF Lighting
also added a new orthogonal form to the line: Squilinder (above). Both
features the FLC230 model (above), with zoom and
offer enhanced LED modules and field-changeable optics with higher
framing capabilities and the option to create special
output and better beam control, for interior or wet applications.
effects or control the shape of a beam with a gobo (a
Flexible ceiling-, wall-, and suspended-mount variations are available.
template or stencil). The line offers a range of power
luciferlighting.com
outputs, lumen packages, and beam-spread options,
as well as high-performance lenses.
we-ef.com

Neo-Ray Covera LED

The arc of this optical-grade acrylic pendant from Eaton makes it
ideal for engaging workplace environments. Illuminated by curved
WaveStream LED technology and a proprietary light-mixing cham-
ber, it also provides uniform color temperatures—2700K, 3000K,
3500K, or 4000K—and light intensity. Offered in 2' and 4'
lengths, with a variety of mounting options, finishes,
and lumen packages, Covera uses low-voltage power
delivered to the luminaire via the same cables
that suspend it from the ceiling.
eaton.com/covera

Ketra Lighting Control System

This manufacturer has developed a proprietary LED-lighting
and control system that can be programmed to shift imper-
ceptibly throughout the day to mimic the color temperature
and intensity of natural light—crisp and bright during the
morning and noon hours, soft and warm toward evening.
Additionally, each lamp in the system is individually address-
able, tunable, and dimmable via wireless control. Ketra’s
portfolio includes a range of lamp types extending to linear
products of up to 144".
ketra.com
Academy of Digital Learning

Acoustics
Architectural Record’s Academy of Digital Learning is a new, free educational offering that
provides some or all of your annual CEU requirements within a specific area of interest.

This academy will provide an editorial-rich curriculum on acoustics that includes a

combination of articles, research, webinars, and multimedia courses, instructionally
designed into an eight hour program. Upon completion of the academy, you will receive
8 AIA LU (5 AIA LU, 3 AIA LU/HSW) and a digital badge from
Architectural Record recognizing and validating your accomplishment.

Start this academy today at:

ce.architecturalrecord.com/academies/acoustics
Brought to you by
114 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017 RECORD PRODUCTS

Openings
Doors | Windows | Glass | Hardware

Houdini Unlocked
Bendheim’s Houdini Unlocked Architectural Glass can now be
specified in hundreds of colors and styles, including several
with an added acoustic privacy benefit of 4 STC (Sound
Transmission Class) points. Available in panels up to 23' high,
the micro-fluted, daylight-friendly texture of the privacy glass
allows light through but prismatically bends it, obscuring
objects from view. It’s a cost-effective alternative to complex
PlybooDoor
daylight-control devices.
Krownlab and Smith & Fong have collaborated on a complete
bendheim.com
sliding-door system of decorative bamboo. Available in six pre-
mium finishes, PlybooDoor panels feature a linear pattern and are
made in the U.S. from either bamboo or 100% FSC-certified bam-
boo to help toward LEED certification. Krownlab’s standard
finishes are petroleum-free, contain no heavy metal compounds,
and emit no odor once dry.
krownlab.com
Editors’
Choice

Hydraulic Patch Fitting

This system features a hydraulic self-closing mechanism that is inte-
grated into a sleek, minimal patch fitting, eliminating the need to cut
into the floor to accommodate a floor closer. Instead, it only requires a
ViuLite Fire-Rated
simple anchoring of the base plate to the substrate, which simplifies
This system of hermetically sealed blinds from Unicel
and speeds up the door-installation process and reduces the amount of
Architectural provides privacy and shading for windows
visible hardware, such as cover plates and overhead closers.
and doors while protecting against dirt, germs, and weath-
crl-arch.com
er conditions. It is now available in a UL-classified,
fire-rated version using Pilkington Pyrostop glass from
TGP, which has fire ratings of 45, 60, and 90 minutes.
Unicel provides various aluminum framing systems, glass
stops, and door-kit options to glaze Viulite into interior
partitions, sidelights, doors, windows, or curtain walls.
violite.com

CLR | multi slide Door System

Panels in Slide Clear’s new minimal-frame, high-perfor-
mance multi-slide door can be moved to the left, right, or
center, providing flexible opening and storage options. The
rail track also offers both four- and six-wheeled roller car-
riage systems, spreading the load. Integrated handles blend
into the stiles to reinforce the clean, contemporary look.
slideclear.com
 115

PanoramicView Lift & Slide “I liked Envy because

Updated with greater design flexibility, it offers a refined
slimmer frames, and improved airtightness, system for commer-
Zola Window’s PanoramicView Lift & Slide cial and residential
also offers a completely frameless fixed-glass projects.”
portion and an operable sliding sash. The Anne Fletcher,
sash is only 3.5" wide but can carry an 8'-high AIA, LEED AP
x 11'-wide glass panel. A quadruple compres-
sion seal along the sides and head of the
sliding sash offers Passive House–level air-
sealing and gasket design.
zolawindows.com

Best in
Category

INOX Barn Door Lock

The INOX Barn Door Lock provides privacy
for barn doors in residential or commercial
interiors. Installed inside the door jamb—
instead of on the door itself—the bolt slides
securely into the barn door’s discreet strike.
A thumb turn (with an ADA option) allows
the door to be locked from inside the room,
Envy while a release button installed on the out-
Overhead Door’s first seamless glass garage-door model is made of ¼" tempered glass at- side enables emergency access.
tached to a hidden aluminum frame. A translucent glass option is ideal for spaces where some unisonhardware.com
visibility from the interior is desired, such as restaurants, auto dealerships, and retail set-
tings, while opaque glass can be used for spaces where privacy is a priority. The door is
available in a maximum width of 18'2" and maximum height of 14'1".
overheaddoor.com

WhisperShade DC
The MechoSystems WhisperShade DC
Electronic Drive Unit is a powerful low-
voltage motor for shades that are compatible
with the MechoNet operating system. The
motor offers superior lifting capability (40
pounds, with the shade at a maximum height
of 24') while remaining extremely quiet. It
also enables shade automation in spaces
where the installation of line voltage motors
is difficult due to professional labor expenses
or construction issues.
mechosystems.com
116 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017 RECORD PRODUCTS

MilanoSlim
Kitchen & Bath Designed by the Milan-
Fittings | Fixtures | Hardware | Appliances based architect Franco
Sargiani, the Milano collec-
tion now includes
MilanoSlim, a multifunc-
tional in-wall shower panel
with thermostatic mixer,
three-way diverter, rainfall
showerhead, hand shower,
and the option of either
body spray or waterfall.
Available in polished or
brushed stainless steel.
fantiniusa.com

Verge with WashBar

This completely touchless all-in-one washing system inte-
grates the Verge natural composite basin with the WashBar, a
chrome-plated stainless-steel fixture that houses soap, water,
and dryer in a single component. The integrated ADA-
compliant design uses LED lights and icons to guide users
through handwashing, while the dryer and bowl were de-
signed to work together to eliminate spraying onto users or
the floor.
bradleycorp.com

Zera Food Recycler

Every year, an average
family produces over
400 pounds of food
waste, most of which
ends up in landfills. The
Zera Food Recycler by
Whirlpool can break
down a week’s worth of

Best in
the average family’s
food waste within 24
hours into ready-to-use
fertilizer. The 11"-wide, Category
22"-high, and 33¾"-deep
stainless-steel appliance
utilizes oxygen, mois-
ture, heat, a plant-based
Kingsbridge Series additive, and an agitator
Inspired by English harbor towns and villages, the to expedite the decom-
Kingsbridge decorative hardware series in Top position of food scraps.
Knobs’ Devon Collection features smooth, flat tops zera.com
and slightly rounded edges. The base of each solid
zinc alloy piece includes an extra layer of detailing
with two parallel bands, while the T-shaped knobs
mimic the shape of the pulls, with the same wide,
flat surface area.
topknobs.com
 117

Spectra+ Touch and eTouch “I like the fact that the

Showerheads Zera Food Recycler
These oversized showerheads feature an enables consumers to
industry first: capacitive touch technology reduce food waste. It is
that allows users to change spray patterns innovative and environ-
with the touch of a finger on the outside ring mentally conscious.”
of the fixture itself. In addition, the Spectra+ Sheila Bridges
eTouch showerhead comes with a first-of-its-
kind remote that can be mounted on nearly
any shower wall to offer easy control of the
spray patterns for bathers with limitations of
height or mobility.
americanstandard-us.com

Editors’
Choice

Jenn-Air Induction Wok Module

This special induction module features a con-
cave design to cradle the round bottom of a wok.
Zaha Stone
By melding cookware with the heat source,
With Zaha Stone, Neolith has created the look of Iranian Gray marble in sintered
induction technology offers fast, efficient cook-
stone. Paying tribute to the late Zaha Hadid, Zaha incorporates a richer industrial-
ing power—a sensor detects cookware before
gray tone with white veins etched onto the backdrop in contrasting directions.
enabling the induction element, and, when the
Available in a silk finish in thicknesses of .24" and .47", the Persian-inspired stone
vessel is removed, it switches off after 30 sec-
can be used indoors or outdoors for countertops, flooring, walls, and facades in
onds. The 15" module also features glass-touch
residential or commercial settings.
electronic controls that provide a minimal look
neolith.com/en
and near-flush installation with countertops.
jennair.com

ASA-D2
Cosentino partnered with architect
Daniel Germani on this contemporary
freestanding outdoor kitchen. ASA-D2
features Dekton by Cosentino counter-
tops, Brown Jordan Outdoor Kitchens
stainless-steel cabinetry, and a grill by
Caliber Appliances. A modular design
allows access to storage on both sides of
the unit. Finishes include an aged and
oxidized steel, solid-black Calacatta-
marble replica, and high-gloss white.
brownjordanoutdoorkitchens.com
118 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017 RECORD PRODUCTS

Facades
Cladding | Moisture Barriers | Roofing | Glazing

Best in
Category

StonePly Waterjet Finish

A finish that enhances the stone facing without di-
minishing its strength is the latest offering from
StonePly. The waterjet technology provides a versatile
design alternative to flamed and bush-hammer treat-
ments that can degrade the material’s appearance and
structure. An aluminum-backed panel further pre-
serves the natural substance’s strength.
stoneply.com

Thermafiber SAFB FF
This new formaldehyde-free mineral wool insulation is the first
available in North America and the first in a series of greener
Thermafiber solutions being rolled out by Owens Corning. The new
products are tailor-made for architects building to green standards.
Made of 70% recycled content, the noncombustible batts can be used
in wood- and steel-frame structures and are available in 2.5- and
4.0-pcf densities as well as a full range of sizes. Thermafiber SAFB
FF is Living Building Challenge–compliant and Greenguard Gold–
certified.
thermafiber.com
Precision
Series Highline
This update of the original
Precision Series HWP wall panels
adds heft: new Precision Series Highline
Trespa Meteon Focus panels are 1⅜" thick, which facilitates dra-
In four sizes and three thicknesses, the new matic shadow lines on a building’s facade. The small
Meteon Focus collection of Trespa panels fea- manufacturing change can offer architects a big visual
tures wood-based fibers, resins, and surface effect. Available in 45 colors, two widths, and seven rib pat-
layers, laminated under high pressure and heat, terns, the aluminum or steel panels can be attached in a
that are easily cut and machined. Suitable for conventional manner or with a clip system.
horizontal and vertical exterior applications, pac-clad.com
the Focus collection is fire-retardant and im-
pact- and weather-resistant.
trespa.com
 119

VRE-43 Editors’
Suitable for use on laminated, insu-
lated, and screen-printed glass, and a Choice
variety of tinted substrates, VRE-43 is
a colorless solar-control coating that
helps achieve lower heat-gain goals
while providing ample transmission
of daylight. Its low interior and exte-
rior reflectivity preserves design
aesthetics, and its VLT and SHG rat-
ings improve occupant comfort and
reduce energy costs.
viracon.com

Sustainability Calculator
This manufacturer-specific calculator
simplifies the process of evaluating
Guardian glazing makeups for sustainability
program credit (LEED, WELL Building, Living
Fusion Building Challenge, etc.). Users enter basic
Pairing an aluminum structural frame with durable polycarbonate panels creates a project details, add the products or product
turnkey design solution for canopies, transit shelters, and other exterior constructions combinations desired, select the green pro-
and assemblies. The translucent polycarbonate panels, produced by 3form, are offered gram of interest, and click for an eligibility
in 92 colors, three finishes, and three thicknesses. The framing can be analysis.
custom finished. sustainabilitycalc.guardian.com
duo-gard.com

NewBrick
Lightweight, thermally efficient extruded “For years, we’ve asked
polystyrene forms the basis of this engi- for a formaldehyde-free
neered-brick veneer from Dryvit Systems. mineral wool. It’s great
It’s reinforced with a fire-resistant fiber- to see Thermafiber
glass embedded in a modified cement SAFB FF on the market.”
coating designed for additional fire resis- Jamison Guest
tance, and finished with a textured,
colorfast acrylic. Can be installed over a
variety of substrates, including concrete,
masonry, and Portland cement plaster.
dryvit.com
120 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017 RECORD PRODUCTS

Archoterra
Finishes This new material, composed of recycled
paper and ecofriendly bonding agents, was
Walls | Ceilings | Flooring | Coatings developed by Eric Rosen, architect of this
issue’s House of the Month (page 35).
Archoterra is a surface solu-
tion that can be applied like
veneer or laminate to walls,
ceilings, and furniture. This
lightweight and affordable
product comes in 4' x 8' sheets
with a thickness of 1 ⁄16" to ½".
It is available in 38 colors, 12
dimensional patterns, and a
smooth or textured surface.
archoterra.com

Rust
Speaking to the current popularity of indus-
trial weathering steel, Rust employs an
innovative proprietary process that trans-
fers pattern, texture, and actual rust from
metal sheets pressed against resin interlay-
ers that are then encapsulated in glass or
3form’s Varia. It comes in two versions:
Forge, which spotlights the weathering of
metal via dark streaks and marbling, and
Oxide, showcasing a mottled reddish-brown
pattern with a smoother appearance.
3-form.com

Glowing Metals
Chemetal has expanded its existing portfolio with new layered textures, colors, and finishes
ranging from Brushed Bronze and Rose Gold to tartan-like grids and painterly dots that evoke
Seurat paintings. Meanwhile, new embossed patterns have a geometric bent and a reflective
surface composed of thin metal foil bonded with high-pressure laminate—with 75% recycled
content—making them greener and more affordable than other decorative sheet metals for
interior walls and ceilings.
chemetal.com

Ultra Spec Scuff-X

Typically, a high-performance, scuff-
Traceless Laminate
resistant coating requires builders to
Fingerprints can mar matte surfaces, but
Wilsonart has developed a solution by
Editors’ premix two components, but this product
requires no second ingredient. The single
infusing fingerprint-resistant technology
into a new super-matte laminate. Silky to
Choice component is applied as a washable, low-
VOC interior latex paint, ideal for
the touch, Traceless Laminate comes in
high-traffic areas such as corridors, stair-
five neutral colors and 0.039"-thick sheets
wells, and public restrooms where scuff
of 4' x 8' or 4' x 10'.
marks are common. Scuff X also boasts
wilsonart.com
antimicrobial properties and comes in
more than 3,500 Benjamin Moore colors.
benjaminmoore.com
 121

SoundStar
Defined by hexagonal coffers, this ceiling system consists
of 12"- or 24"-deep modules made of a proprietary acoustical
felt composite (100% PET plastic with up to 60% recycled
content). Specifiers can mix and combine more than 30
colors, ranging from neutrals to vibrant hues, to achieve
desired performance and aesthetics. SoundStar has an NRC
rating of up to 0.90 and Class A or C fire rating.
arktura.com

Best in
Category HeartFelt
Collaborating
with archi-
tects Schmidt
Hammer Lassen,
Hunter Douglas
has developed a
lightweight
linear wall and
ceiling panel system
that helps control
noise. The rigid felt bars
are thermoformed polyester
and attach to brackets for
mounting or suspension. Spacing
between them provides NRC ratings
of 0.50 to 0.70. HeartFelt is Class A fire
rated and available in a choice of 12
colors that can be mixed and matched.
hunterdouglasarchitectural.com

Mio
This series of hexagonal porcelain tiles is a new take on tradition-
al parquet. The exotic, safari-inspired asymmetrical striations
combine patterns found in nature, earth tones, and ebony wood.
The approximately 16"-diameter tiles come in three colorways—
Acero, Noce, and Palissandro—and are suitable for wall and floor
applications in residential or hospitality settings.
nemotile.com

“HeartFelt is a creative
Fractal application of a common
As the latest addition to Smith & Fong’s wall-panel range, material that successfully
Fractal plays on geometry and the isosceles triangle, while achieves the same acoustic
offering complete customization. Architects can design performance as the
and preview an entire wall using an online tool: select a ubiquitous lay-in acoustic
carved pattern for each 24" x 24" x 34" triangular panel, a ceiling-tile system.”
color, and then configure the layout. The panels contribute Carrie Moore
to LEED and have Class C fire rating, but can also be speci-
fied in Class B or A in FSC 100% certified bamboo.
plyboo.com
122 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017 RECORD PRODUCTS

Building Systems & Components “InTruss was a favorite

because reusing an
HVAC | Special Equipment | Devices| Controls existing escalator’s truss
is an efficient and
sustainable solution for
the client.”
Jamison Guest

Best in
Category

Ecodrain V1000
Climate Control Zoning System II The V1000 vertical drain
Building on its original product, Uponor’s updated wireless system features new system essentially recap-
technology that calculates how much energy is required to adequately heat a room tures heat from outbound
with a hydronic radiant-floor system. This results in faster reaction times and greater water to preheat the
energy savings compared with similar heated-floor systems. The package includes a incoming cold water,
base unit, expansion module, and digital or dial thermostat. reducing the amount of
uponor-usa.com energy a home uses in the
process. Constructed of
standard copper tubing, it
uses a turbulator that
changes the way water
flows and increases the
Editors’ heating rate to boost
efficiency while main-
Choice taining water pressure. It
comes in two diameters
and several lengths.
ecodrain.com

Flex-Wall Flood Barrier Systems

Extreme weather makes this point-of-use
Schindler InTruss Escalator Modernization barrier a wise investment for many buildings.
This latest version of Schindler Elevator’s 9300AE Escalator Replacement system makes The flood-mitigation wall by SmartVent + ILC
shiny options—including new LED lighting, steps, decking, skirts, newel end caps, Dover, of layered Kevlar and other flexible
handrails, and powder-coated balustrades—possible to install without replacing the materials, is built to deploy vertically or from
existing truss, regardless of its original manufacturer. the side to protect small areas and entire build-
schindler.com ing perimeters. Other components are ground
anchors, trench covers, and attaching posts.
dryfloodproofing.com
 EDUCATIONAL-ADVERTISEMENT 123

CONTINUING EDUCATION

CONTINUING EDUCATION
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then visit our online Continuing Education Center at ce.architecturalrecord.com to take the quiz free of charge to earn credits.
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124 EDUCATIONAL-ADVERTISEMENT
CONTINUING EDUCATION

Photo courtesy of dormakaba

A new wave of innovative building prod-
ucts, such as these manual sliding ICU doors
used at the Winslow Medical Center ER,
help create modern, patient-friendly,
efficient health-care environments.

Innovative Design Trends for CONTINUING EDUCATION

Health-Care Environments 1 AIA LU/HSW

Learning Objectives
After reading this article, you should be able to:
From doors, hardware, and access control to rolling 1. Define the benefits of sliding door systems
for health-care environments, including
shades and flexible walls, the latest design advances efficiency of space, acoustics, privacy, and
aesthetics.
make a positive impact on patient care and facility ROI 2. Identify a variety of door and frame products/
materials that are especially beneficial in
Sponsored by AD Systems, AMBICO Limited, dormakaba, Clickeze® Privacy Systems, health-care design and construction.
a division of Inpro®, and SIMONSWERK North America 3. Explain the use of accessible floorplans and
access control to provide safety and security

W
in health-care environments.
ith health care dominating the news physical environment on the healing process 4. Describe advances in door hardware,
cycle every day, it’s not surprising and well-being have proved to be increasingly specifically hinge systems, and how they can
that for most people, the topic first relevant for patients and their families (PF) as aid in medical facility functionality.
elicits thoughts of rising costs, insurance quality well as for health-care staff…Healing environ- 5. Discuss how wall protection, curtain tracks,
and affordability, and your provider’s creden- ments can be considered as ‘smart investments’ roller shades, and daylighting can provide
tials. But, increasingly, architects, construction because they save money, increase staff efficien- added value and efficiencies within a health-
professionals, and owners are considering how cy, and reduce the hospital stay of the patient by care setting, specifically behavioral health
the building design aspects of health systems making the stay less stressful.”1 facilities.
are critical components in order to improve the Building product manufacturers are taking
To receive AIA credit, you are required to
quality of care and deliver it at a lower cost by the lead and meeting this growing demand for
read the entire article and pass the test. Go to
operating more efficiently, improving patient innovative solutions for health-care facilities. ce.architecturalrecord.com for complete text
outcomes, and increasing patient satisfaction. This course will examine a range of prod- and to take the test for free.
According to a recent article in Building and ucts—including doors and framing, hardware, AIA COURSE #K1712F
Environment, “In recent years, the effects of the window treatments, and flexible wall protec-
126 INNOVATIVE DESIGN TRENDS FOR HEALTH-CARE ENVIRONMENTS EDUCATIONAL-ADVERTISEMENT

tion—and how they can aid in creating safe, When doors slide rather than swing out, an av- dimensions. Products may include ADA-approved
structurally sound, efficient spaces that not erage of 14 square feet of valuable square footage thumb-turn locks with occupancy indicators
CONTINUING EDUCATION

only bring about patient satisfaction and opti- is freed up for accommodating medical teams, or keyways and self-latching doors options with
mal healing environments but also impact the furniture, and equipment. Health-care sliding handles that can be operated with only one hand.
owners’ bottom line. doors, by their very nature, are designed to be Another example would be sliding doors with soft-
unobtrusive, hugging the wall when open and close features that offer protection to younger or
DOORS AND FRAMING gently gliding into place when closed. slower fingers and that stop nerve-jarring slams.
Health-care settings—everything from multi- Visually appealing: Sliding doors are gener-
facility hospital systems to medical office build- ally thought of as an aesthetic upgrade that gives Door and Frame Products
ings and local clinics—all share several common clinics a more modern, less institutional feel. There is always a need for affordable, cutting-
goals and challenges. Increasingly, governing Health-care sliding doors are available in a vari- edge products for evolving health-care ap-
boards, invested shareholders, and owner-part- ety of materials and styles (example: flush wood plications, and door and frame products are
ners are keeping a watchful eye on building prac- or plastic laminate door leaves; clear, frosted, often part of a complete health-care solution.
tices so as to keep operating costs down while or decorative glass; or special features such as Manufacturers, more and more, are anticipat-
increasing patient volumes and their access to integral blinds or lead shielding) and will fit ing the ever-changing challenges of increased
quality care. Regardless of the venue, efficiency most budgets and décor. They may also employ security, patient and staff privacy, and microbial
is at the center of every decision. Designers and a durable concealed roller system that provides contamination. Additionally, the contain-
facility managers are constantly looking for ways a low-maintenance, smooth glide over their life ment of radio wave and radiation interference
to bring their buildings in line with these ideals, cycle. Door frames may wrap the wall openings in hospitals and clinics for X-ray rooms, PET
and the right doors and frame products can be to protect them from wear and tear and give a scan theatres, or modern cyberknife clinics is
an integral part of the solution. long-term professional appearance. essential. The use of high-security wood doors
Increased performance: Many sliding doors for patient rooms in behavioral health facilities
Sliding Doors are designed so that performance is not compro- provides a warm feel while maintaining a safe
Modern door products, especially sliding door mised, i.e., architects can specify sliding doors environment for patients.
systems that include a complete door, frame, with good acoustic performance (for instance, The design and manufacturing of perfor-
and hardware assembly, can make an important some newer products feature acoustical seals at mance-leading door and frame products (such
contribution to clinic design and ROI through all four sides for maximum and acoustical per- as acoustic resistant, bullet resistant, stainless
the efficient use of space. formance and acoustical design that addresses steel, lead lined, radio frequency, and secu-
The latest sliding door systems have been sound leakage at the lead and jambs), smoke rity wood doors) can add tremendous value.
designed to cater to the specific demands of ratings, locking and latching hardware, and a Stainless steel frames specifically are often used
health-care environments and address issues full range of decorative finishes. on patient rooms, and frames and doors are
of unique concern in medical settings, such as ADA compliance: Some manufacturers offer commonly found in operating and labs areas.
acoustics, cleanability, hardware options, smoke sliding door systems that are ADA compliant According to Steve Peterman, director of sales
ratings, and reliability. in terms of operating force and clear opening and marketing, AMBICO Limited, “Today’s
According to door experts at AD Systems, a
manufacturer of specialty door and hardware
solutions for commercial and clinic settings,
“Contemporary, purpose-built health-care
sliding doors for interiors can address health-
care facilities’ challenging intersection of needs.
These facilities are tasked with providing greater
accessibility to differently abled people while
maintaining efficient and reliable performance
for busy staff. This requires products of a high
quality with long lifespans that require minimal
maintenance and guard against facility down-
time for repairs or other issues. It is also essential

Photo courtesy of ZGF Architects © 2016 Doug Scott

that these sliding doors in health-care settings
offer smart usage of available space and maxi-
mum sound abatement to protect patient privacy,
all while being pleasing to designers and users’
aesthetic sensibilities.”

Benefits of Sliding Doors

Architects and professional building managers have
many types and styles of interior doors from which
to choose for medical facilities. Sliding doors can
be a simple, smart solution that provides numerous
benefits, some of which are outlined below.
Use of space: Sliding doors allow more exam
rooms to fit into the same floor plate and provide Today’s sliding door systems are designed to serve the demands of health-care environments,
a more efficient layout of individual rooms. such as acoustics, cleanability and reliability—among others.
Smart design
revolves around
the entrance.

One World Trade Center

285 Fulton St, New York, NY

Architect: David Childs

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill

Crane Series 4000

All Glass Revolving Doors
Interior Lobby Main Entrance

Trust dormakaba for contemporary sliding doors or automatic swinging

entrance design solutions to express doors – Smart design begins at
your vision simply and securely. dormakaba.

More than design solutions, dormakaba Call 844-773-2669 for comprehensive

offers services including the preparation project support.
of detailed, non-proprietary, open and
competitive architectural hardware DORMA and Kaba are now dormakaba.
specifications and schedules.

Whether the spec calls for manual or

automatic revolving doors, automatic Visit dormakaba.com
128 INNOVATIVE DESIGN TRENDS FOR HEALTH-CARE ENVIRONMENTS EDUCATIONAL-ADVERTISEMENT

manufacturers must support architects by of- Security wood doors and steel frames: These
fering superior products and service to meet the openings offer state-of-the-art security where pa-
CONTINUING EDUCATION

often-demanding performance requirements as- tient or personnel security is a key concern. Offer-
sociated with the built health-care environment.” ing a warm feel and a secure and safe environment
Some of the door and frame types that are for patient rooms in behavioral health facilities,
popular for use in health-care facilities include: these security openings include anti-ligature and
Acoustic doors: Acoustic steel doors and anti-barricade hardware, providing safety and
frames are available that combine outstanding emergency access to patients at all times.
sound transmission loss with the appearance of
standard hollow metal products. Such doors can ARCHITECTURAL OPENINGS AND
be provided complete with acoustic steel frames, ACCESS CONTROLS
perimeter, and bottom seals. Acoustic wood Access control for architectural openings is
doors and steel frames set the global standard for another important management tool provid-
sound transmission loss. It is recommended that ing safety and security in health-care envi-
doors and frames be tested as a unit and supplied ronments. In fact, electronic access control
with acoustic perimeter and bottom seals. Wood

Photos courtesy of AMBICO Limited

doors are available in virtually any veneer species
and cut to match other standard wood doors on
a project. Custom stain or clear coat finishes are
also available to match the appearance of com-
modity wood doors.
Radio frequency steel doors and frames:
These door and frame assemblies should meet
combined radio frequency standards. Assemblies
shall be provided complete with perimeter gas-
keting, which is essential to product performance
in the field. Materials can include mild steel or
stainless steel formats to meet a wide variety of
applications.
Bullet-resistant doors: Some manufac-
turers offer bullet-resistant steel doors and
frames that are secure from ballistic attack yet
have the appearance of standard hollow metal
products. Many bullet-resistant products on
the market can be furnished with factory-
installed bullet-resistant glazing. Another
option is bullet-resistant wood doors and steel
frames, which can combine ballistic security
with the appearance of standard wood door
and steel frame products. Wood doors are
available in virtually any veneer species and
cut to match other standard wood doors on
a project. Custom stain or clear coat finishes
are also available to match the appearance of
commodity wood doors. These products also
can be furnished with factory-installed bullet-
resistant glazing.
Lead-lined steel doors and frames: These are
useful when there is a need to combine protec-
tion against radiation with the appearance of
standard hollow metal products. Manufactur-
ers offer fire-rated and non-fire-rated products.
Materials here also can include mild steel or
stainless steel, depending on the application.
Stainless steel doors and frames: These are
used in health-care facilities where there is a
demand for an extremely high level of cleanli-
ness. Frames are readily available for use in ICU
and operating room environments. Frames and
doors can be custom designed and produced in
alloys 304 and 316 with a wide range of finishes Wood bullet-resistant doors in steel were used in the emergency areas of the 72-bed
available. Major Hospital, a general medical and surgical hospital located in Shelbyville, Indiana.
Sliding door solutions that don’t compromise
on performance or design.
See what ExamSlide™, Officeslide™ & InsetSlide™
have to offer your sliding door project.
130 INNOVATIVE DESIGN TRENDS FOR HEALTH-CARE ENVIRONMENTS EDUCATIONAL-ADVERTISEMENT

Photo courtesy of dormakaba

Door Openings and Functionality
Beyond access control, architects must also
CONTINUING EDUCATION

recognize the importance of maintaining the

functionality of a door or opening and how
to design a health-care building with that
functionality in mind. Oftentimes, this means
finding the right hardware.
One new product type to help meet this goal
is a three-way adjustable hinge system, which has
been used successfully in Europe for many years
in high-frequency institutional, commercial, and
industrial applications, such as office buildings,
schools, hospitals, and airports. Typically, con-
tinuous hinges are used in applications requiring
robust hinges in North America. However, now
there is a hinge system of a similar durability with
an additional three-way adjustability feature.
Rudy Kessler, CEO of SIMONSWERK North
America, explains, “Nearly every hinge in any
European health-care facility is adjustable. When I
moved to the United States, I saw the difficulty in
maintaining a common commercial door. I won-
dered why they were going through such trouble
Access control strategies are vital to providing safety and security for health-care facilities. and saw the opportunity for adjustable hinges.
With recent advancements, there is now the ability
hardware and software can be an important mental systems now occurs at every scale. to bring this type of system to a North American
touchpoint in the design of health-care facili- Something as complex as touch-free creden- market and educate the architectural community
ties, in conjunction with openings with auto- tials activating automated doors that prompt a on how adjustable, heavy-duty hinges can simplify
matic sliding doors (including all-glass sliding temporary HVAC override while the medical the overall maintenance of an opening.”
doors and operators). Some product types that team makes its way to an emergency operating
are being used currently include exit devices, theater can be realistically accomplished. Once WALLS AND CURTAINS
door closers, cylindrical locksets, and electro- there, discrete recognition by the pharmacy
magnets for hold-open systems. cabinet security controls can create a virtual Flexible Wall Protection
As health-care facilities are complex and evolv- dispensary with highly exclusive access. Fun- Beyond doors and door hardware, walls and
ing environments, a well-considered access control damentally, it all communicates through the wall protection is another area of importance
strategy can be an enhancement, not an obstacle, same shared system.” in designing successful health-care facilities.
to effective building performance in terms of ADA,
fire codes, and occupant security. Furthermore,
product and system specifications are integral to
the definition of spatial boundaries and controlled
movement through the entirety of a building. Ef-
fective application can correct issues in the present
and provide adaptability in the future.
The bottom line is that for health-care fa-
cilities, the complex concepts of health, safety,
and welfare are inextricably intertwined. Every
health-care-related facility has a responsibility
to provide a sterile, physically safe, and secure

Photo courtesy of SIMONSWERK North America

yet accessible managed environment in order to
effectively conduct its daily operations.
For a successful project, it is imperative that
the architect or designer become familiar with the
latest products, standards, guidelines (includ-
ing ADA), codes, and technologies specifically
impacting the design and management of health-
care facilities. Managing access and security and
maintaining a sterile patient environment should
always be top of mind in any health-care project.
According to Rick Ruppert, manager of
architectural services at dormakaba Access
Solutions Americas, “The inter-connectivity The correct door hardware, including hinge systems, can be a key factor in maintaining function-
of access control, security, and even environ- ality within a health-care facility.
 SPECIALIZED
DOORS & FRAMES
FOR HEALTH CARE
ENVIRONMENTS

AMBICO manufactures performance

leading door and frame products
designed specifically for the built,
health care environment. In business
for over 60 years, AMBICO anticipates
the ever-changing challenges of
increased security, patient privacy,
microbial contamination as well as
containment of radio wave and
radiation interference in hospitals
and clinics.

ACOUSTIC
BULLET RESISTANT
LEAD LINED
RADIO FREQUENCY
SECURITY
STAINLESS STEEL

www.ambico.com
132 INNOVATIVE DESIGN TRENDS FOR HEALTH-CARE ENVIRONMENTS EDUCATIONAL-ADVERTISEMENT

Photos courtesy of Inpro

higher-cost products, which can be very expen-
sive over time. The idea is to help keep a facility
CONTINUING EDUCATION

cleaner and avoid higher expenses to do so.

Curtain Tracks and Privacy

Bendable privacy curtain tracks are another
option, allowing curtains to be placed in any
configuration. An additional benefit is the
track and carriers are quieter, which can be an
added benefit to a hospital’s overall noise-
reduction program to help speed healing.

FENESTRATION, DAYLIGHTING, AND

CONTROLLING HEAT GAIN IN
BEHAVIORAL FACILITIES
The final topic we’ll discuss here are products
that aid in maximizing the benefits of daylight-
ing and also control heat gain. As our main
example, we’ll take a look at roller shades and
the benefits they bring to health-care settings,
with a specific focus on mental health/behav-
ioral facilities.
Antimicrobial cubicle curtains were installed
at the new Parkland Hospital in Dallas. Roller Shades
The benefits of roller shades lie in the ability to
take advantage of daylighting and control heat
Thomas Larwa, senior product manager at Inpro, gain, while still allowing for an outdoor view de-
explains the trend, noting, “Until now, designers pending on the fabric’s openness pattern. In addi-
have had to either compromise the look of their tion, allowing patients to adjust the level of light
design with a traditional product or sacrifice or brightness increases their sense of control.
preserving interiors for aesthetics. There are Experts note that it is important to select
products in the market today, such as specialized shades specifically manufactured for use in
flexible wall protection, that offer the aesthetic of behavioral facilities. They should feature:
wall covering but are very resilient.” • enclosed security roller boxes,
• cordless operation,
Antimicrobial Protection • durable fabrics that are easy to clean but dif-
Further, these products are not only able to re- ficult to damage, and
sist the wear and tear that walls in health-care • locking devices that resist tampering by
facilities receive, but they also fend off stains patients. On this last point, cordless roller
(and even graffiti), which can be removed shades can be much more cost effective and
completely from the surface, without damage, offer lower maintenance than encased blinds.
using the strongest of standard liquid cleaners. Printed roller shades: Printed roller shades
Silane-based antimicrobial fabrics are used provide all the same benefits but go a step
Roller shades can offer numerous benefits—
from allowing in natural light to providing for privacy and shower curtains, helping to further. Again, the introduction of nature
patients with a greater sense of control of their fight odor-causing bacteria, mold, and mildew, scenes has a benefit of reducing patient stress.
environment. along with the superior stain resistance men- An additional benefit of healing window
tioned above and being liquid repellent— treatments is that they reduce destruction
As an example, there is a trend toward flexible making them ideal for cubicle curtains, shower where framed artwork is not allowed. There
wall protection with products that offer the curtains, window treatments, and bedspreads. is anecdotal evidence from administrators at
ultra-durable performance of rigid sheet wall Another option being employed is the use several behavioral health facilities that patients
protection but in a flexible product, and are of snap-panel curtains, which allow for easy tend to not vandalize window shades in spaces
also available in an assortment of patterns and change-outs of soiled panels. Both antimicrobial where printed shades were installed. Patients
colors to match any décor. fabric and snap-panel curtains reduce the need appreciated the printed images and were less
A new generation of products is now avail- for major laundering of curtains. When com- likely to damage or destroy them, due in part to
able that combine the flexibility to become bined with standard track, these curtains are the decreased anxiety.
the showpiece of any interior, yet are durable better choice over certain proprietary curtain
enough to handle the harshest environments. systems that end up locking the end user into Continues at ce.architecturalrecord.com
flexible
Baylor McKinney Medical Center - McKinney, TX
Clickeze® Privacy Systems | Formatrac® Bendable Track

Baylor McKinney, a $195 million, 469,000 square foot medical center, was in search of a flexible solution to protect
their design and patient privacy; and Clickeze® Privacy Systems had the answer. Formatrac® Bendable Cubicle Track
accommodates almost any design, enabling easy installation and maximizing privacy protection.

At Clickeze®, we cover your facility’s most essential privacy needs by making and installing innovative solutions to
ensure people feel comfortable. With professional installation and contemporary designs, our cutting-edge products
are designed to protect health, safety, comfort and privacy, so you and your guests can feel at ease.

That’s protection from every perspective.™

inprocorp.com | 800.222.5556
134 ADVERTISEMENT

PRODUCT REVIEW
Innovative Design Trends for Health-Care Environments

AD Systems AMBICO Limited

Photo courtesy of AMBICO Limited

Bullet-Resistant Wood Doors
© Aaron Leitz/ZGF Architects

and Steel Frames

The Major Hospital in Indianapolis
required bullet-resistant doors for per-
sonnel and patient safety in the emer-
gency room and surrounding areas. All
assemblies had to comply with UL 752
ballistic standards. AMBICO’s ability to
provide standard and custom side lites
and borrowed lites proved critical to
providing complete and effective solu-
tions on the project.

AD Systems ExamSlide™ www.ambico.com

ExamSlide™ is a sliding door system designed specifically for

the unique needs of health-care projects. ExamSlide™ can be
customized with wood or aluminum and glass doors, a range
Clickeze® Privacy Systems, a division of Inpro®
of sizes, smoke-rated and acoustic performance options, and
Formatrac® Bendable
© Inpro Corporation

ADA-compliant locking and latching hardware.

Cubicle Track
www.specadsystems.com Easily eliminate the hassle as-
sociated with traditional track
installation and design with For-
matrac® Bendable Track. It can
dormakaba be bent by hand on the job-site so
installation is simple. Addition-
Photo courtesy of dormakaba

ally, because of its flexible nature,

Formatrac can accommodate
virtually any design. Quiet, too,
thanks to our patented track and
carrier design.

inprocorp.com/clickeze-privacy-systems

SIMONSWERK North America

VARIANT: The
Image courtesy of SIMONSWERK North America

Adjustable Hinge System

for Commercial Doors
The VARIANT series offers three-
way adjustable hinge systems for
wide, heavy-duty doors that require
ED100 Automatic Swing Door Operator a robust and stable hinge. After being
The versatile ED100 from dormakaba can function as either a low- used successfully in Europe for many
energy operator or a power-operated pedestrian unit. This complete years in high-frequency commercial
factory-engineered door system is ideal for ADA-compliant entrance applications, this proven concept has
applications. With a multitude of adjustable features, you have the flex- been tailored to fit the needs of the
ibility to fine tune the operator to meet opening requirements. North American marketplace.

www.dormakaba.us www.simonswerk-usa.com
 EDUCATIONAL-ADVERTISEMENT 135

Photo courtesy of Won-Door Corporation

CONTINUING EDUCATION
The ability to curve horizontal sliding
fire doors provides the architect with
endless design possibilities.

Horizontal Sliding Fire Doors: CONTINUING EDUCATION

Architectural Design Freedom 1 AIA LU/HSW

Learning Objectives
After reading this article, you should be able to:
Special-purpose horizontal sliding accordion or folding 1. Describe the functioning components of hori-
zontal sliding fire door assemblies and explain
door assemblies allow freedom of design while meeting the practical safety benefits as compared to
traditional vertical rolling door systems.
egress requirements found in IBC and NFPA 2. Assess the design implications of specifying
sliding fire doors in commercial buildings.
Sponsored by Won-Door Corporation | By Karin Tetlow 3. Identify the building and fire codes that
regulate sliding fire doors, particularly egress

S
ince successfully passing Underwriters steel-framed hinged swinging doors to serve as requirements found in IBC and NFPA.
Laboratories (UL) fire-rating tests in 1977, emergency exits and to separate internal spaces. 4. Discuss the typical features of a horizontal
self-closing horizontal sliding accordion- Since 2000, however, significant code changes sliding fire door system that contribute to both
type doors have long been sought as a solution to have greatly expanded the use of horizontal sliding design flexibility and practical means of egress.
meeting fire requirements in certain applications. door systems. Today, these systems are universally To receive AIA credit, you are required to
But 20th century codes did not accept them as accepted as meeting both fire and building code read the entire article and pass the test. Go to
a complete solution for meeting fire and build- regulations in virtually any application. ce.architecturalrecord.com for complete text
ing code egress regulations. Design professionals and to take the test for free.
were often required to specify standard wood- or Continues at ce.architecturalrecord.com AIA COURSE #K1612G

Won-Door™ FireGuard products are specified worldwide in all types of commercial construction projects. Won-Door Corporation
makes the most technologically advanced horizontal sliding fire door products in the building construction industry. The FireGuard
system is fire rated for up to 3 hours and meets all egress requirements found in the IBC and NFPA. www.wondoor.com
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 EDUCATIONAL-ADVERTISEMENT 137

CONTINUING EDUCATION
A New Era of Exterior Sealants CONTINUING EDUCATION

New technologies allow sealants to provide better adhesion 1 AIA LU/HSW

to the wide range of building materials used in modern
Learning Objectives
construction, and they are longer lasting for improved durability After reading this article, you should be able to:
1. Explain the building envelope and the role it
plays in improving energy efficiency, indoor
Sponsored by OSI | By Andrew A. Hunt air quality, and durability.
2. Discuss how modern sealants play an

T
important role in creating a successful
he building envelope is the vertical, hori- envelope as if it is one system. If any part of the building envelope.
zontal, and sloped plane where the interior system is compromised, the seal of the entire 3. List the different attributes, characteristics,
and the exterior of a building meet. This in- structure can deteriorate and cause serious and and classifications associated with high-
cludes floors, crawl spaces, ceilings, windows, doors, costly damage. quality sealants.
the wall and roof assemblies (consisting of framing 4. Compare the advantages of modern sealants
and insulation), and areas around plumbing pipes Continues at ce.architecturalrecord.com over traditional sealants relative to shrinkage,
and electrical wiring. The building envelope is a UV resistance, and protection against dirt
comprehensive system that, when properly designed Andrew A. Hunt is vice president of Confluence and dust collection.
and installed, protects the building from unwanted Communications and has been a writer and con-
water intrusion, controls air movement between sultant in the green building and building science To receive AIA credit, you are required to
read the entire article and pass the test. Go to
conditioned and unconditioned spaces, and greatly industry for over a decade. He has authored more
ce.architecturalrecord.com for complete text
improves the energy efficiency of the building. than 100 continuing education and technical and to take the test for free.
To properly seal a building envelope, the publications as part of a nationwide practice.
AIA COURSE #K1712T
key is to treat the entire structure and building www.confluencecommunications.com

Henkel’s Adhesive Technologies group is a global leader in adhesives, sealants, and functional coatings with brands including Loctite®
and OSI™. OSI™ stands for innovation, not only in products but in the total process that ensures that building professionals have the right
products, the right application, and the right methods to complete their jobs. www.ositough.com
138 EDUCATIONAL-ADVERTISEMENT

Photo courtesy of Huber Engineered Woods, LLC © 2017

CONTINUING EDUCATION

In order to assure the continuity of the water, air,

thermal, and moisture barriers in building enclo-
sures, detailed attention is required at changes in
wall and roof surfaces, transitions, and openings.
Photo courtesy of XXXXXXX

Detailing Continuity in CONTINUING EDUCATION

Building Enclosure Systems 1 AIA LU/HSW

1 GBCI CE HOUR
Integrated products and proper detailing help maintain
Learning Objectives
air, water, and thermal barrier integrity After reading this article, you should be able to:
1. Explain the four primary, code-based barriers
Sponsored by Huber Engineered Woods, LLC | By Peter J. Arsenault, FAIA, NCARB, LEED AP that make up a building enclosure system for
traditional and high-performance green and
sustainable buildings.

T
he role of the building enclosure is to all of these areas is critical, particularly in wood- 2. Define the primary issues related to continu-
provide proper separation between the framed exterior wall assemblies to reduce the risk ity of building enclosure barriers, particularly
building interior and the exterior. Beyond of compromising any of the four primary barriers. in wood-framed wall and roof assemblies.
the structural enclosure, separation is accom- Understanding the choices and developing com- 3. Review the common choices for products
plished through the use of four primary types of plete details as part of construction drawings is and materials for building enclosure barriers,
barriers: water-resistant barriers (WRBs), air bar- the best way to achieve integrity and continuity of including critical transitional areas when us-
ing integrated sheathing to maintain barrier
riers, thermal barriers, and vapor retarders. All of the building enclosure barriers to create air-tight, continuity.
them are intended to restrict or control the passage weather-resistant enclosures that promote energy
4. Compare different drawing details and solu-
of a targeted item (water, air, heat, or moisture) efficiency and long-term durability. This course tions for their use in wood-framed wall and
through a roof, wall, or foundation system. While will look at the continuity issues of the four pri- roof assemblies for conventional and green/
this can seem fairly straightforward along flat, mary barriers and present a series of drawings and sustainable buildings.
continuous surfaces, it is the noncontinuous con- details that can help accomplish these goals.
ditions that present design and construction issues. To receive AIA credit, you are required to
These can include transitions from one material to THE PRIMARY ISSUE: CONTINUITY read the entire article and pass the test. Go to
another, penetrations, or interruptions caused by OF BARRIERS ce.architecturalrecord.com for complete text
and to take the test for free.
planned openings such as windows and doors, or It’s easy to write the word “continuous” on a
AIA COURSE #K1712D
changes in surfaces such as roof/wall junctions or construction drawing to describe any barrier in GBCI COURSE #0920014917
parapets. Proper design and specification details of a building envelope, but that is hardly enough to
 EDUCATIONAL-ADVERTISEMENT 139

assure that it will be achieved. The reality is that construction assembly. That can subsequently Water-Resistant Barriers (WRBs)
the building envelope and all of its details need domino to damage other areas of the building, The 2015 International Building Code (IBC) is

CONTINUING EDUCATION
to be designed and constructed to assure that all including deterioration of the structural sys- very clear about the need for a WRB to protect
of the barriers are in fact continuous. tem. If water and moisture get trapped around the integrity of construction from bulk water
A common technique used in the process organic material, it can lead to mold and (i.e., rain or other precipitation). Chapter 14:
of commissioning building envelopes (yes, just mildew that can have health impacts on the Exterior Walls, Section 1403.2 reads: “Weather
like commissioning HVAC and other systems) occupants. These outcomes are undesirable on Protection: Exterior walls shall provide the
is to look at a building cross section. Then, multiple levels: they aren’t good for the build- building with a weather-resistant exterior wall
starting at the foundation level on one side, ing, they aren’t good for the occupants, and envelope.” Further, it goes on to state here and in
draw a line upward. At the first change in con- they aren’t good for the professional liability Section 1405.4, “The exterior wall envelope shall
struction (i.e., an opening, a different construc- of architects. include flashing…[which] shall be installed in
tion assembly or material, etc.), draw a circle Hence, with all of the above in mind, let’s such a manner so as to prevent moisture from
around it. Then continue on up the wall until first take a closer look at defining each of these entering the wall or to redirect that moisture to
the next change and do the same, and so on. barriers and then look at some details to address the exterior. Flashing shall be installed at the
When you reach the point where the wall meets their continuity. perimeters of exterior door and window assem-
the roof, draw a circle around that point too. blies, penetrations and terminations of exterior
Then continue along the line of the barriers at THE FOUR BARRIERS OF A wall assemblies, exterior wall intersections with
the roof level, at whatever pitch, and circle any BUILDING ENCLOSURE roofs, chimneys, porches, decks, balconies, and
changes in conditions there too. At the next The barriers of a building enclosure are based similar projections, and at built-in gutters and
roof/wall junction, draw a circle there and pro- on good building science and the collective similar locations where moisture could enter the
ceed down the wall in like manner as the other body of knowledge regarding current common wall.” Clearly, the codes look at all of the same
side until you reach the base of the foundation construction techniques. This is particularly places that envelope commissioning agents do
again. Every circle now represents an architec- true in wood-framed construction, which con- and that architects need to address.
tural detail that is needed to show how all of tinues to dominate most residential construc- The code doesn’t dictate how the required
the barriers in the building envelope need to tion and a lot of commercial construction as weather resistance and flashing is designed (that
be treated to be fully continuous across each well. In either case, the requirements for all of is the role of the architect), but it does require
of the conditions encountered. If the building them are codified in the family of International the weather-resistant performance of that wall,
section is not representative of all possible cross Construction Codes adopted in most of the specifically with the ability to be water resistant.
sections of the building, (i.e., different sections jurisdictions throughout the United States. Given that there are a multitude of choices on
are different heights, different massing, etc.), The science behind the barriers are also each the market, it behooves an architect to have
then building sections need to be looked at in sophisticated enough to warrant specialty or- a source of information on the performance
the same way for those other areas, and the ganizations that address them in multiple ways. of the products and the relevant data on how
process of circling the details is needed there We will look at each one briefly below, but keep to use them. One such source is the Sealant,
as well. Cases where there are offsets in walls in mind that there are many different prod- Waterproofing and Restoration Institute (SWRI)
or roofs or a change in materials used between ucts and solutions to achieve the performance which is a nonprofit corporation that defines
sections will need attention. It is also important and requirements cited. Further, as we will it membership as “the leading commercial
to address all typical and nontypical openings discuss, it is entirely possible to select a single contractors, manufacturers, and design profes-
around windows and doors or penetrations for product that provides more than one of the sionals of our industry. [The] Institute provides
electrical and mechanical systems. barriers, thus streamlining the specification a forum for those engaged in the application,
This process of identifying all of these and construction process with the possibility of design, and manufacture of sealant, waterproof-
areas for detailing is important to assure that achieving higher performance overall. ing, and restoration products that is beneficial
air, water, heat, and moisture don’t end up in to the membership and the industry,” (www.
places where they aren’t intended. The integ- Photo courtesy of Huber Engineered Woods LLC ©2017 swrionline.org).
rity of each of the barriers is the only way to One of the programs of SWRI is a product
assure that doesn’t happen. If any one of them validation program that is designed to give
become compromised, then the performance an independent review and validation of the
of the building enclosure is lessened below published test results of the various sealant,
what was intended or predicted. In some cases, repellant, and coating products on the market.
that may be a minor inconvenience to occu- The stated intent of the program is “to provide
pants who experience a slightly uncomfortable specifiers and end users of [these] products
draft or cool surface. In other cases, it can lead an unbiased method to judge whether [these]
to a slow deterioration that may go unnoticed products will perform at the levels of the manu-
from the outside but cause damage within facturer’s published data sheet for that particular
the construction assemblies that shortens product.” This can be very useful information
the overall service life of the enclosure. Such when choosing a WRB and seeking to know if
damage can also compromise the ability of the a particular product will perform as intended
envelope to remain energy efficient (i.e., wet when applied to particular substrate surfaces as
insulation with reduced R-values or unintend- part of a specific construction condition.
ed gaps that increase air infiltration), causing Recognizing that there is more to continuity
The IBC and IRC codes require a water-
an increase in the need for energy to heat or resistive barrier behind the exterior cladding than just products (i.e., how they are used counts
cool the building. In the worst case, it can lead plus a means for draining water along that too), there are specialty consultants who focus
to functional failure of the barrier and/or the barrier back out to the exterior. on building enclosures. A nonprofit association
140 DETAILING CONTINUITY IN BUILDING ENCLOSURE SYSTEMS EDUCATIONAL-ADVERTISEMENT

Photo courtesy of Huber Engineered Woods LLC ©2017

tion through a material at four-thousandths of climate zones where this applies, 1 or 2 inches of
a cubic foot per minute). The second key to the rigid insulation (R-5 or R-10) is typically used.
CONTINUING EDUCATION

effectiveness of an air barrier is to look beyond It is important to note that making ci truly con-
the specific material and to its ability to be truly tinuous around the full envelope requires some
continuous as an entire system. That means any attention to detail such that the interface of the
joints, seams, penetrations, or other breaches of continuous insulation on the wall meets and
the barrier need to be addressed in some manner seals with the continuous insulation in the roof,
as part of a total system. The codes then look to floor, or basement.
other specific tests; in this case, namely ASTM The amount of ci to use will be based on
E2357: Standard Test Method for Determining meeting overall building energy performance
Air Leakage of Air Barrier Assemblies and ASTM targets, either to meet code minimum levels or
E1677: Standard Specification for Air Barrier higher levels called for in voluntary standards,
(AB) Material or System for Low-Rise Framed such as LEED or Passive House. Hence,
Building Walls. Compliance is based on testing computer-based energy models or similar
the entire assembled system, not just the indi- methods will come into play to determine the
vidual materials in this case (maximum air pen- predicted performance values needed (R-values
etration through an assembly at four-hundredths or U-factors). How to achieve those levels is
One way to add R-value to wall assemblies is of a cubic foot per minute). based on the type of insulation used and the way
to use single-panel sheathing systems with One of the leading sources for researching and it is detailed into a construction assembly. Most
a built-in layer of continuous foam insulation testing materials and assemblies for air perme- commonly, rigid foam insulation of different
integral to the back of the panel. ance is the Air Barrier Association of America types is used and needs to be adhered or at-
(ABAA). It is a “national, not-for-profit trade tached to the sheathing. Combination products
known as RCI describe themselves as “an interna- association that consists of a wide cross section of that include engineered wood sheathing and
tional association of building envelope consul- stakeholders in the building enclosure indus- rigid sheathing in one product are also available,
tants. Members specialize in design, investigation, try. Its membership includes manufacturers, again simplifying the design, specification, and
repair, and management of roofing, exterior architects, engineers, trade contractors, research- installation.
wall, and waterproofing systems.” These are the ers, testing and audit agencies, consultants, and
professionals who would likely be looking at the building owners,” (www.airbarrier.org). Using Vapor Retarder
building sections and doing envelope commission- data and information from this organization The IBC and IRC recognize that water vapor or
ing in many cases. Their focus is on the best means can help identify both individual materials and air-borne moisture is different from bulk water.
to provide WRBs, roofing, and other protective assembled systems that will qualify to properly They also recognize the potential for damage
surfaces for the building enclosure. restrict air flow through a roof or wall. It can also to a wood structure from vapor condensing in
Working collaboratively to understand provide information on critical areas to address an exterior wall and deteriorating construction
products and the way they are used by engaging in those assemblies through its education and materials through rot, rust, or mold. Therefore,
organizations like those described above will certification programs for professionals. the IBC and IRC require protection against con-
help architects achieve the best set of WRB op- densation in the exterior wall assembly and go
tions for a particular building design. The goal Thermal Barriers on to clearly require specific solutions to provide
should be to assure that the water resistance of Code compliance for thermal performance is that protection. Although the determination
a construction assembly performs as intended predictably based on the IECC and begins with for applicability and type (identified as Class I,
(i.e., shedding water or being fully water proof identifying the climate zone for a particular II, or III) of the vapor retarder is determined by
depending on the situation) without compro- building project. The building type (commer- the IECC climate zones, the requirement for its
mising or inhibiting the performance of other cial or residential) then comes into play, and inclusion remains in the IBC/IRC. In the climate
barriers in the assembly. the IECC uses charts and tables to identify the zones where the vapor retarder is required, it is
minimum performance requirements for the called for on the “interior side of frame walls,”
Air Barriers entire building thermal envelope. Following this typically meaning on or behind the finished
An air infiltration barrier is required, not as part process, the prescriptive requirements of the interior surface of the wall.
of the International Building or Residential Codes IECC point out that, in many climate zones, it There is one caveat regarding vapor retard-
(IBC or IRC), but as part of the International is no longer enough to simply provide insula- ers in that a significant code exception exists in
Energy Conservation Code (IECC). It is typically tion materials between wood-framing members. regard to the use of lower permeance Class I and
placed along the plane of the exterior sheathing; This is because the wood framing itself is known II vapor retarders in the colder climate zones 5,
however, it is worth noting that in a wood-framed to compromise the effectiveness of the insula- 6, 7, 8, and Marine 4. Specifically, the exception
wall with a multitude of individual materials and tion. Rather, the code requires many wall and applies if plastic foam continuous insulation is
components, air infiltration can be difficult to roof assemblies to use continuous insulation (ci) used outside of the studs in these zones since the
control. The key to success lies first in the ability to reduce the effects of “thermal bridges” and ci will warm the stud cavity above the typical
of a particular material to be considered a true air help mitigate heat conduction through the wood dew point. That means there is less chance of
barrier. The codes rely on ASTM E2178: Standard framing (IECC C402 and R402). condensation in the wall cavity so less interior
Test Method for Air Permeance of Building Ma- Traditionally, the continuous insulation has vapor control is required. The amount of ci
terials as the basis for determination. Hence, any been applied to the exterior side of the wall on used that triggers this exception varies based on
individual material (or combination of materials) one side or the other of the sheathing. The intent the climate zone and whether 2-by-4 or 2-by-6
that can demonstrate compliance with this test is to cover all wall framing, floor framing, etc. insulated framing is used. If the wall design
showing a very limited air permeance can qualify with a layer of insulation that is continuous meets the stated criteria, then a Class III or more
as an air barrier material (maximum air penetra- around the entire building envelope. In most permeable vapor retarder is all that is called for.
EDUCATIONAL-ADVERTISEMENT DETAILING CONTINUITY IN BUILDING ENCLOSURE SYSTEMS 141

Images courtesy of Huber Engineered Woods, LLC © 2017

CHOICES IN BARRIER SYSTEMS
As with most design and construction systems,

CONTINUING EDUCATION
there are choices available in how to achieve each
of the four building enclosure barriers and as-
sure their continuity on and around a structural
framing system. The conventional approach is to
use a multi-product, multilayer solution where
each of the four barriers is specified and installed
as a separate layer in an assembly. This requires
specifying multiple products that need to be
compatible and performing multiple labor tasks,
perhaps by different trades, during construction,
all of which need to be coordinated. Further, to
be assured that their installed performance will
be met, the particular combination of products
needs to have been tested to assure they meet all
of the water, air, and thermal thresholds required
for the assembly. There also needs to be proper
detailing between the materials to assure the total
system will work as intended.
As an alternative, there are integrated prod-
uct solutions that have become available, most
notably in the form of integrated sheathing. These
products typically come in the form of engineered
structural wood sheathing that can also provide
DETAIL 1: FOUNDATION TO FRAMED WALL at least two of the needed barriers with preapplied
Foundation walls and wood framing are typically aligned with each coatings that qualify as both a WRB and an air
other in the same plane. The seam between the wood and founda- barrier. This means that a single, high-performing
tion construction is a weak point in air and water barrier continuity wood sheathing product can be specified, used as
that needs to be addressed. While sill sealers are common, their the basis of design, and installed by a single trade
effectiveness can vary. Further, flashing is often needed at this joint to in the building. Such integrated sheathing systems
assure that water, which finds its way down the face of the sheath- rely on factory-created surfaces on the sheathing
ing, has a place to safely exit out and away from the wall assembly. A that can meet both air and water barrier require-
typical detail showing a flashed wood-framed wall on a concrete slab ments with a higher assurance of performance
foundation is shown in the above diagram. The middle image shows since they are installed under controlled condi-
a wood-framed floor resting on a CMU foundation wall with the wall tions. In some cases, they can also include a ther-
sheathing extending past the floor structure down to the top of the mal barrier of continuous insulation of differing
CMU in typical fashion. At the wall/foundation joint, metal flashing is thickness preapplied to the sheathing and ready to
installed to direct water away. Using integrated sheathing in this case install. Overall, the installation can be simpler and
means that the sheathing surface provides a continuous air and water quicker, reducing the amount of labor and skill
barrier to the end of the sheathing. By also providing self-adhering needed to create an effective end result.
tape over the metal flashing (effectively acting as counter flashing), Of course, such integrated sheathing products
the joint is sealed along the top of the flashing, assuring that water need to address the joints, penetrations, and open-
and air do not penetrate along this top flashing edge. Placing sealant ings, just like any other system, to assure continu-
under the flashing will further strengthen the seal along this joint. The ity and effectiveness. In this case, that is achieved
foundation should then be treated with separate coatings to assure that it meets the criteria for with compatible self-adhering tape, sealants, and
water and air resistance. In this way, all water and air barriers are run up to each other and are even liquid flashing where appropriate.
indeed continuous.
An alternative is shown in the bottom image using liquid flashing. In this case, the framing is Continues at ce.architecturalrecord.com
adjusted so that the outer face of the sheathing is aligned with the outer face of the foundation
wall. This would allow for continuous insulation to run up from the foundation, continue past the Peter J. Arsenault, FAIA, NCARB, LEED AP,
floor framing, and up along the wall, thus creating a truly continuous insulation condition. How- is a practicing architect, green building consul-
ever, the joint where the wood framing meets the foundation wall still needs attention to be sure tant, continuing education presenter, and prolific
that any wayward air or water does not penetrate. In this case, liquid flashing can be applied as a author engaged nationwide in advancing building
coating across the joint and assure the continuity. performance through better design.
www.linkedin.com/in/pjaarch

ZIP System® products are next-generation exterior wall, roof, and sealing solutions. Innovated to meet
today’s design and construction challenges, products including ZIP System sheathing tape, ZIP System
stretch tape, and ZIP System R-sheathing reduce installation steps and room for error on the job site while
helping to create tight, water-resistant building envelopes. Learn more at ZIPSystem.com
142 EDUCATIONAL-ADVERTISEMENT
CONTINUING EDUCATION

© Robbie Kelley Photography

Powder Coating: Plenty of
Durable Options
Sponsored by SIERRA PACIFIC WINDOWS – A Division of Sierra Pacific Industries
CONTINUING EDUCATION

P
owder coating is a paint finish that is industrial emissions came into play in the 1970s,
industrially manufactured in a powder powder manufacturing began to spread glob- 1 AIA LU/HSW
form. Polymer granules are mixed with ally. A rapid growth phase in powder production
Learning Objectives
other ingredients and then broken down and began in North America and Japan in the early After reading this article, you should be able to:
milled into a fine powder. It is factory applied and 1980s, and innovations in the application process
1. Understand powder coating and its history.
cured, and applied to metal components or other led to increased transfer efficiency, reduced
2. Describe powder-coating application
materials such as medium-density fiberboard. waste, and lower overall costs. The automotive, processes and their development.
Powder coating works well for a range of applica- appliance, and industrial markets drove the
3. Explain how powder coatings differ from
tions, and unlike liquid paint, powder coating developments as the sophistication of materials, liquid, and understand the environmental
does not require a solvent. It creates a thicker, manufacturing, and applications improved. and health benefits.
more durable coating than conventional paint. The general application of a single coat of a 4. Discuss architectural applications and
First developed in the late 1940s and early powder finish is economical and efficient. Appli- testing.
1950s in Europe, the process of powder coating cation of powder coating takes one shot; single-
was in response to health and environmental coat applications are the most common method To receive AIA credit, you are required to
concerns. At that time, liquid paints that con- of powder coating and reduce time and energy. read the entire article and pass the test. Go to
tained solvents dominated the market, and the There are exceptions, however, when a two-coat ce.architecturalrecord.com for complete text
solvents polluted the environment and had harm- system of powder coating helps create a special and to take the test for free.
AIA COURSE #K1712K
ful health effects on people. As stricter limits on effect, such as a texture or pattern on the surface.
 EDUCATIONAL-ADVERTISEMENT 143

Image courtesy of Sierra Pacific Windows

Powder coating can be applied manually to impact, moisture, chemicals, and light. As an
the object, or the object can be run through an example of the relative durability, let’s take

CONTINUING EDUCATION
automated paint booth. The powder is applied the high-performance American Architectural
electrostatically. The object can be coated in a Manufacturers Association (AAMA) 2605
powder-coating booth, which is computer oper- exterior powder-coating specification. AAMA
ated with banks of nozzles. Stationary or recip- 2605 is the high-performance exterior specifi-
rocating guns are used in automated application cation for qualifying paints and finishes. These
systems. The computer generates data about the finishes are resistant to moisture, weathering,
length of the substrate and whether it needs to be ozone, and UV radiation. An application for
sprayed on both sides. this finish would include architectural proj-
The substrate is hung from a rack or conveyor ects like bridges and structural load-bearing
that transmits a negative static charge to the members that require long-term cosmetic and
material. At the tip of the applicator, a probe functional protection.
gives the powder a positive static charge as it is It’s important to note that when the solvents
sprayed through the gun. This allows the powder from liquid paint evaporate, they can leave a
to be attracted to the substrate and minimizes porous surface that is less resistant to chemicals
overspray. Once the substrate has been coated, and industrial cleaners. Solvents that evaporate
the powder is then cured. The coated object is from liquid coatings also leave porosity in the
baked in an oven at temperatures ranging from dry film, which makes the surface less resistant
250 degrees Fahrenheit to 400 degrees Fahren- to acid rain and industrial cleaners. Powder
heit. This thermal cure forces the cross-linking coatings are denser and provide better corrosion
of molecules in the resin to make the resulting resistance than liquid coatings. Powder coatings
thermoset coating system. The finished product typically have a higher buildup of film that of- coatings—more than liquid PVDF coatings
is an object coated with a hard and durable fers improved chemical resistance. They resist provide. Another interesting feature is that there
powder-coated finish. Adding to the economic scratching as shown by their performance under is a good selection of contemporary textures and
benefits, the base product for powder coating a pencil hardness test. Unlike liquid PVDF coat- patterns for powder coatings. Finally, unlike liq-
costs less than wet paint. While the cost to buy ings, a thermoset fluoropolymer powder forms uid coatings, powder coatings leave vertical and
and run an oven to bake and cure powder coat- a hard, durable film to provide excellent scratch horizontal surfaces more evenly covered.
ing can be high, the substrates tend to cool and and mar resistance. Some examples of architectural powder-
be ready for use very quickly, in as little as 20 Another major advantage of powder coatings coating applications in residential areas include
minutes. On the other hand, liquid paints can is the vast range of colors, glosses, and textures windows, doors, verandas, fencing for homes, and
take days to dry and be ready. that goes beyond what liquid coatings offer. light posts in the neighborhood. The finishing of
Durability is another benefit of powder There is a wider aesthetic choice of finishes residential property can include such decorative
coating. Powder-coated products can be in an array of color schemes. Powder coating considerations as trellises, umbrellas, and patio
highly resistant to extreme weather conditions, selection also includes a broad range of gloss furniture. Other useful things from around the
home that take powder coating are kitchen racks,
lighting fixtures, handles, drawer pulls, and metal
Environmental Issues Liquid Powder
table and chair frames that can be streamlined or
modernized with powder coating. Special ordering
Reclaim, reuse/recycle No Yes
new colors and textures can help homeowners
avoid throwing away old items to buy new ones.
EPA recommended No Yes
Instead, powder-coating businesses do custom
work to update furniture in a home. Any electri-
EPDs No Yes
cally conductive metal or object that can withstand
400 degrees Fahrenheit can be powder coated.
Chrome pretreat Yes No
Powder coating offers a decorative, cost-effective,
and environmentally friendly alternative to buying
Chrome primer Yes No
new items, simply by refinishing and giving new
life to older products.
Solvents Yes No
A final benefit is that powder coating finish
is environmentally safe with green finishing
Toxic compounds Yes No
technology. As a result, it can contribute toward
LEED credits in a building project.
Toxic waste Yes No

Continues at ce.architecturalrecord.com
Carbon footprint Yes No

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doors, and even a wood curtain wall system. Owned by a vertically integrated forest products company Sierra Pacific
Industries, Sierra Pacific Windows takes a sustainably managed seed-to-window approach. www.sierrapacificwindows.com
 CE ACADEMY CONTEST

Complete three CE courses within any of our Digital

Learning Academies for a chance to win a trip to
the 2018 AIA National Convention in New York City!
DEADLINE: MARCH 31, 2018

architecturalrecord.com/cecontest
 EDUCATIONAL-ADVERTISEMENT 145

Project: Element LA
Location: Los Angeles
Architect: Gensler

CONTINUING EDUCATION
High-performance daylighting facades are
possible using advanced systems that
combine glare-controlled translucent
light with customizable, thermally
efficient, two-panel polycarbon-
ate systems and nighttime
facade illumination, as
shown here.

Translucent Daylighting
© RMA Photography Inc.

Facade Systems
CONTINUING EDUCATION

When implementing a high-performance daylighting strategy, 1.25 AIA LU/HSW

choose a total system that works best for each project
1 GBCI CE HOUR
Sponsored by CPI Daylighting – A Kingspan Light + Air Company
By Peter J. Arsenault, FAIA, NCARB, LEED AP 1 AIC CPD CREDIT

O
ne of the hallmarks of a green building explore some of these systems and the ways that Learning Objectives
is the use of natural daylight to create they can contribute to innovatively designed, After reading this article, you should be able to:
a positive quality of lighting for indoor high-performing buildings that are fully code 1. Identify and recognize the green build-
environments. This feature, when coupled with compliant, green, and sustainable. ing characteristics of translucent building
appropriate electric light switches or controls, envelope systems using high-performance,
also has the added benefit of being able to reduce DAYLIGHTING EVOLUTION multi-pane insulated panels.
energy costs for artificial lighting. When electric Incorporating natural light into buildings has 2. Investigate the design potential and innova-
tive opportunities to create buildings that use
lights are turned off, they don’t generate heat, been part of design and construction since
translucent facades for natural daylighting
so less cooling is needed in a building. Hence, primitive times and has continued throughout and energy-use optimization.
daylighting provides multiple benefits for people all historical time eras in all parts of the world.
3. Assess the multiple ways that translucent
and buildings, but how is it best accomplished? So why is it seen as something new or different building envelopes and glazing systems
New advances in building product technology today? Because our building envelopes are dif- contribute to green and sustainable design.
now make it possible for architects to consider ferent than in historical times. 4. Specify insulated translucent wall panels in a
not only window openings for daylighting but variety of green and conventional buildings,
the creation of entire daylit building facades. Continues at ce.architecturalrecord.com and formulate appropriate selections related
Further, understanding that clear-view glazing is to specific applications.
not necessarily the first choice for good quality Peter J. Arsenault, FAIA, NCARB, LEED AP,
daylighting, investigation into other options us- is a practicing architect, green building con- To receive AIA credit, you are required to
read the entire article and pass the test. Go to
ing translucent glazing is warranted. Such trans- sultant, continuing education presenter, and
ce.architecturalrecord.com for complete text
lucent systems offer better glare control, higher prolific author engaged nationwide in advanc- and to take the test for free.
thermal performance, and easier maintenance ing building performance through better design. AIA COURSE #K1712E
GBCI COURSE #0920014920
compared to clear glass systems. This course will www.linkedin.com/in/pjaarch

CPI Daylighting, a Kingspan Light + Air company, is an award-winning innovator of translucent daylighting
¨

technology for high-performance building envelopes, specializing in walls, skylights, and canopies. As
a pioneer and leader of the industry, we are committed to advancing daylighting design and inspiring
architects to push the envelope. www.cpidaylighting.com
146 EDUCATIONAL-ADVERTISEMENT

All images courtesy of Watts Water Technologies

CONTINUING EDUCATION

Solutions to Help Control Legionella

Different water treatment systems are effective at reducing the risk of Legionnaires’
disease outbreaks
Sponsored by Watts | By Peter J. Arsenault, FAIA, NCARB, LEED AP

L
egionella bacteria is a harmful patho- LEGIONELLA OVERVIEW
CONTINUING EDUCATION
gen which, if inhaled, can lead to a very Outbreaks of legionella bacteria can cause LD in
severe form of pneumonia known as Le- any setting but is a particular concern in health-
gionnaire’s Disease (LD). The legionella bacte- care facilities (hospitals, nursing homes, long-term 1 AIA LU/HSW
ria grows in water with moderate temperatures, care) and hospitality buildings (hotels, motels,
Learning Objectives
which means any building with water systems resorts). The presence of the bacteria can be After reading this article, you should be able to:
is a potential breeding ground for the bacteria widespread since it can grow in any part of a water 1. Identify and recognize the conditions that
and an outbreak of LD. After years of research system in a building that is continually wet, such as contribute to the development and growth
and development, the Centers for Disease tanks, piping, fixtures, or water features. In order of legionella in buildings.
Control (CDC) and the American Society of to infect a person, the legionella bacteria needs to 2. Investigate the importance and makeup of a
Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning be part of water droplets that become airborne in water management program as identified in
Engineers (ASHRAE) have developed protocols a manner of aerosol generation. If that infected ASHRAE 188.
and standards to help avoid outbreaks using moisture reaches a person’s nose or mouth where it 3. Assess the solutions available to address
proper water management. That management is inhaled and settles in the lungs, then it can sicken legionella in water systems, including those
requires that design professionals work with the person with LD. Since transmission of the that rely on heat, chemicals, or other means.
facility owners and create a specific water bacteria in the water systems to humans requires it 4. Describe the pros and cons of different water
management plan for the facility. The success- to become airborne, it can occur from things like quality solutions that can be effective at
reducing legionella outbreaks.
ful implementation of that plan requires some showerheads, cooling towers, bubbling hot tubs,
specific water treatment solutions for reducing HVAC units, and decorative fountains. However,
To receive AIA credit, you are required to
or eliminating the risk of an outbreak. There the legionella bacteria can form and grow before it read the entire article and pass the test. Go to
are a number of choices that can be made in ever gets to those places, which is why LD outbreaks ce.architecturalrecord.com for complete text
this regard, and this course will review some of are generally linked to water in large or complex and to take the test for free.
the main solutions available along with some of water systems, including those found in health-care AIA COURSE #K1712J
the pros and cons of each. facilities and hospitality settings.
 EDUCATIONAL-ADVERTISEMENT 147

of control measures, monitoring, confirmation,

and documentation. In order to be effective, the

CONTINUING EDUCATION
WMP needs to be ongoing and continuous, not
just a one-time exercise. As such, it can be inte-
grated into other building operations policies and
procedures, but it must be able to stand on its own
as a complete plan. The whole process requires
confirmation and appropriate documentation that
the water management program is being carried
out and all activity is recorded and documented.
The ASHRAE 188 standard is proving to be an
effective resource for building operations teams
that need real guidance on reducing the risk of LD
outbreaks. As a standard, however, it is focused on
the process of creating, implementing, and carry-
Legionella bacteria is transferred to people ing out a full water management program. It does
through air-borne moisture from plumbing not provide specific solutions for addressing water
fixtures or air-handling systems.
systems or offer any design components. Rather,
design professionals (engineers, architects, etc.) are
required to provide expertise on identifying and
When considering the impact of legionella, the in the early 2000s, it published in 2015 an updated analyzing all aspects of the water systems. Then
CDC has been determined that LD is primarily ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 188: Legionellosis: Risk they need to recommend specific control measure
a health risk for persons who are at least 50 years Management for Building Water Systems. This solutions appropriate to the particular building
old, smokers, and those with underlying medical document has become the accepted standard for a and water system at hand. For full effectiveness,
conditions, such as chronic lung disease or im- comprehensive water management plan for build- those same design professionals should be involved
munosuppression. Nonetheless, the disease can, in ings where legionella control is sought. Specifi- with ongoing aspects of the WMP.
reality, affect anyone. According to the Mayo clinic cally, it has been recognized by the CDC and The Part of the plan requires ongoing monitor-
and some other sources, many people exposed to Department of Health & Human Services (DHHS) ing and water testing for legionella bacteria and
legionella bacteria don’t develop symptoms, but Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services the means to address how it may or may not be
those who do may experience cough, fever, chills, (CMS) as the basis for programs that they admin- transported within a water system. If monitoring
shortness of breath, muscle aches, headaches, and ister. In fact, federal funding for many health-care reveals a concern, then corrective action must be
diarrhea. In severe cases, it has also caused death. facilities, particularly those that receive Medicare taken promptly to eliminate it from the system.
Treatment typically requires antibiotics, hospital- or Medicaid for payment, must show compliance That means a series of corrective measures must be
ization, or other care. The CDC has been tracking with an ASHRAE 188 Water Management Pro- in place ahead of time to solve the problem imme-
the number of people who have been diagnosed gram (WMP) or risk losing payments. diately. It also means that the normal day-to-day
with LD and have recorded anywhere between A full WMP under ASHRAE 188 is based on operation needs to allow for ongoing preventative
8,000–18,000 cases annually since the year 2000. a seven-step process that includes defining a full treatments to occur as part of standard operating
While the number of cases is disconcerting, even program team, survey/documentation of water procedures. That is where attention to all of the
more so is the trend of growth in the number of systems, analysis of water systems, determination plumbing components and choices about their
outbreaks and infections. The CDC reports that application comes into play, often requiring spe-
in the United States from 2000–2009, the number cialized knowledge of things like expansion/stor-
of infections increased by a dramatic 217 percent. age water tanks, water treatment systems, mixing
However, over the time span measured from valves, drains, backflow valves, etc.
2000–2014, the increase has been an even more In light of everything discussed above, the
staggering 400 percent. Clearly this is a serious means to treat water on an ongoing basis as
health concern, and one that comes with a signifi- well as in the case of a corrective measure for a
cant price tag. The CDC tells us that the number discovered presence of legionella deserves some
of direct health-care dollars it costs in the United special attention.
States to treat a single case of Legionnaire’s disease
is $34,000. Continues at ce.architecturalrecord.com

LEGIONELLA CONTROL Peter J. Arsenault, FAIA, NCARB, LEED AP,

Due to the seriousness of the disease and the link- is a practicing architect, green building con-
age to water systems in buildings, ASHRAE has sultant, continuing education presenter, and
The key to a successful water management
been at the forefront of investigating an effective program under ASHRAE 188 is the formation
prolific author engaged nationwide in advanc-
means of controlling the conditions that will of a dedicated team of the right people to be ing building performance through better design.
reduce LD outbreaks. Following some initial work involved in carrying it out. www.linkedin.com/in/pjaarch

Watts is a global leader in the design and manufacture of innovative water solutions for residential, commercial, and institutional
environments. Products include an extensive line of flow control, filtration, and treatment products for water quality and residen-
tial plumbing and heating. Founded in 1874, Watts is headquartered in North Andover, Massachusetts. www.watts.com
148 EDUCATIONAL-ADVERTISEMENT

When it comes to specifying products for

interior surfaces in housing, architects and
interior designers have a wide range of
choices. Paper-based high-pressure laminate
surfaces have recently made a comeback
in the market for several reasons, including
improvements in quality and style.

All photos courtesy of FORMICA Group

New and Affordable Surface CONTINUING EDUCATION

Options for Housing 1 AIA LU/HSW

0.1 IDCEC CEU

Learning Objectives
Paper-based high-pressure laminate surfaces make a After reading this article, you should be able to:
comeback with improved quality and a flair for style 1. Understand the different surface options
available when specifying for single-family
and multifamily residential projects.
Sponsored by FORMICA GROUP | By Rebecca A. Pinkus
2. List the spaces and areas in residential
buildings that are well suited for new and

W
unique surfaces.
arm. Modern. Professional. Whimsi- that can create engineered stone, thin ceramic,
3. Describe the key characteristics and
cal. Whatever the design goal, interior acrylic, and high-pressure laminate.
attributes associated with popular
surfaces establish a sense of place With so many surface options available, choos- surfacing materials.
within the larger space, and surface materials ing the right material for a project can sometimes
4. Explain why high-pressure laminate
play a huge role. A butcher-block countertop in a be challenging. This decision can be even more surfacing products are durable, on-trend,
kitchen can present an upscale style, and colorful difficult when designing for larger multifamily healthy, and affordable.
cabinetry mixed with custom ceramic backsplash residential properties, where both affordability and
tiles can offset a monochromatic countertop. aesthetics are often a priority for investors, owners, To receive AIA credit, you are required to
Wood features may evoke the warmth of a tradi- and tenants alike. Fortunately, there are some great read the entire article and pass the test. Go
tional home. Newer, writable surfaces can turn a high-quality products on the market that are easy to ce.architecturalrecord.com for complete
door into a chalkboard for children (or adults). to install and care for, last a long time, and won’t text and to take the test for free.
AIA COURSE #K1712S
The options and combinations are unlimited, es- break the bank. These products let designers bring IDCEC COURSE #CC-106881-1000
pecially with modern manufacturing techniques their creative visions to life. In this course, we’re
 EDUCATIONAL-ADVERTISEMENT 149

going to walk through a few of the more commonly themselves to the do-it-yourself (DIY) crowd can be
used surface materials and highlight the newer and very popular, even if contractors do the installa-

CONTINUING EDUCATION
more affordable options available to architects and tion work. And with the advances in both materials
designers for residential design. and design options, single-family homeowners
now have almost limitless options for their interior
RESIDENTIAL PROJECTS designs—many of which are very affordable.
Specifying surfaces for residential projects can Moreover, a lot of the more affordable options such
feel like an overwhelming task. Every material as acrylic and high-pressure laminate surfaces have
has its pros and cons, but once the client’s needs such a wide variety of colors, patterns, and designs
and design goals are clear, architects and design- that they may rival more traditional materials. And,
ers can have fun with the process. Not surpris- newer trends in high-pressure laminates offer pat-
ingly, many clients may have a certain aesthetic terns that are almost indistinguishable from natu-
goal in mind, but they also have questions about ral products (e.g., wood or stone), all while being
the cost, installation, durability, and even health highly durable and often much easier to maintain.
features of common surface materials. These These characteristics of durability, longevity,
questions come into play for both single-family affordability, and easy maintenance are often at
residential projects and multifamily residential the top of the list for single-family homeowners.
properties, the latter of which incorporate mul- Regardless of the surface material they choose,
tiple residential units as well as the public spaces they want it to look good for a long time, require
within the property. After all, in multifamily very little maintenance, and be part of a clean and
residences, common areas such as entranceways healthy home. Products that meet those character-
and front lobbies are the first things prospec- istics—all while being affordable—open the design
tive buyers or tenants see, and surface material options in ways that were previously more limited.
choices can influence that first impression. From the standpoint of architects and design-
New or improved materials mean designers
have a wide variety of options for almost every
There’s a strong case to be made for speci- ers, stylish and affordable surface materials mean
room in the dwelling, including countertops, fying durable, attractively priced surfacing they can help their clients have the interiors they
cabinetry, permanent shelving units and book- products over more costly options in both single- want, whether with bright, modern color choices or
cases, backsplashes, and doors. family and multifamily residences. Surface with faux stone or wood. And if it’s a natural wood
choices are one area where costs can be reduced or stone look, they can provide the look without
while keeping quality high. Where surface ma- the challenges of ordering and installing expen-
terials traditionally focused on more utilitarian sive, heavy surfaces that require specially trained
purposes such as countertops and flooring, new installers. Meanwhile, homeowners get the interior
materials mean designers have a wide variety style they want, along with the knowledge that the
of options for almost every room in the dwell- surface materials will last for years.
ing, including cabinetry, permanent shelving
units and bookcases, backsplashes, and doors. Multifamily Housing Needs
Architects and interior designers now have access and Expectations
to a wide range of high-quality materials that Multifamily housing, whether condos, townhouses,
are eco-friendly, aesthetically pleasing, durable, apartments, or senior care facilities, has recently
and affordable. Natural materials such as stone been in high demand. These projects are filling
and wood are rooted in more traditional looks, urban areas across the United States. According
but they can be prohibitively expensive. Man- to the National Association of Home Builders, the
made materials such as ceramics, acrylics, and number of multifamily projects jumped 15 percent
high-pressure laminates provide more options, as from 2014 to 2015, and around 383,000 multifamily
some can be designed to resemble stone or wood units were started nationwide in 2016. While the
at a fraction of the cost. growth rate dropped a bit between 2015 and 2016,
the number of for-sale multifamily completions
Single-Family Housing Needs grew 225 percent, from 4,000 units to 13,000.1
and Expectations
Single-family housing needs vary tremendously in Continues at ce.architecturalrecord.com
regards to what people expect based on what they
Multifamily residential projects can pose a can afford and how they plan to use the space. It’s Rebecca A. Pinkus is an independent communication
challenge for property owners as they try safe to say most people value materials that offer a consultant, writer, and editor focusing on the intersec-
to balance economics with the needs of the combination of style and durability whether they tion of technology, environment, and human health.
occupants. Writable surfaces made of high- are investing in the hottest new trend in interiors She has contributed to more than 35 continuing educa-
pressure laminate are durable and allow or simply looking for an affordable way to meet tion courses and publications through Confluence Com-
renters to add a personal touch to their
their interior design goals. Products that easily lend munications. www.confluencecommunications.com
apartments.

Formica Group is a leading provider of branded, designed surfacing solutions for commercial and residential customers worldwide. As
the world’s largest manufacturer of high-pressure laminate (HPL), an ongoing product design and development process underscores the
Formica Group commitment to innovation. www.formica.com
150 EDUCATIONAL-ADVERTISEMENT
CONTINUING EDUCATION

New digital fabrication techniques allow

the eruption of fire and water from this
natural stone fountain at City Creek Center
in Salt Lake City. The stone manufacturer
meticulously fabricated a total of 176 per-
fectly positioned holes for water jets and
light fixtures and 49 holes for gas-fueled
fire nozzles, providing the exacting preci-
sion required for this dramatic public space.

Photo courtesy of Martin van Hemert

Digital Fabrication and CONTINUING EDUCATION

Natural Stone 1 AIA LU/HSW

1 PDH, LA CES/HSW
Transformative digital technology now provides
1 LFA CEU
enhanced opportunities to choose natural stone for Learning Objectives
contemporary and traditional projects After reading this article, you should be able to:
1. Discuss the benefits in the design and specifica-
tion for natural stone fabricated and installed
Sponsored by Coldspring | By Celeste Allen Novak, FAIA, LEED AP BD+C through the adoption of precision digital
technology.

F
or more than 30 years, Sidney Horn- buildings provides a record of prehistoric events 2. Define new standards developed to measure,
stein, a geologist and environmental and connects humans to the natural world. document, and verify efficient, sustainable prac-
tices throughout the life cycle of natural stone.
educator emeritus at the American Today, the curious can also take a guided
3. Identify key considerations in the selection,
Museum of Natural History, has provided tours walk through London, using an interactive design, and specification of natural dimension
for architects to walk through time by visiting map of natural stone in the urban setting. The stone to maximize performance, durability, and
some of Manhattan’s iconic stone buildings and walk directs observant geologists and curious sustainability.
parks.1 This tour of building stones in lobbies, design professionals to places where they can 4. Explore innovative examples of natural stone
on facades, sidewalks, and curbs provides a trip see crushed shells, bones, fossils of prehistoric used for its functional and artistic potential in
through time and across the globe. He identi- reptiles, a variety of limestone seams, and buildings and landscapes around the country.
fies rock varieties from North America, Europe, granite crystals created by a meteor hit. 2
Asia, South America, and Africa ranging in The authenticity of a material has been a hot To receive AIA credit, you are required to
read the entire article and pass the test. Go to
age from 1 to 3 billion years. From Rockefeller topic of aesthetic research and discussions from the
ce.architecturalrecord.com for complete text
Center to the Empire State Building, these beginning of the Industrial Age through the Mod- and to take the test for free.
permanent icons of the city were also expres- ern era. In the “Seven Lamps of Architecture,” John AIA COURSE #K1712C
LA CES COURSE #K1712C
sions of geological history. Natural stone used in Ruskin argues for material structural and functional
 EDUCATIONAL-ADVERTISEMENT 151

purity. This document and others were the basis architects for buildings meant to last for centu- applied use on a building interior, exterior, or
of continued design initiatives by Modernists and ries. Granite, limestone, marble, onyx, quartzite, landscape areas. All natural stone is classified as

CONTINUING EDUCATION
others to choose materials that were not imitations sandstone, serpentine, slate, soapstone, and a nonflammable, Class A building material, and
of the original material. When used as a contempo- travertine are just some of the natural stones design professionals examine technical proper-
rary cladding and not a structural system, natural used in buildings. ties such as the natural stone’s water absorption,
stone retains its original unique characteristics. No Granite (from the Latin granum, or grain, compressive strength, and frost resistance before
two stones are alike, and the variations provide a signifying its characteristic structure), an igne- selecting a type of stone for their project.
wealth of creative opportunities. ous rock, was formed billions of years ago when There are many misconceptions about the use
In order to provide a change of light reflec- magma cooled deep beneath the earth’s crust. of natural stone. Architects may avoid this mate-
tance on buildings, walkways, and other exteri- Nearly as durable as diamond, granite owes its rial if they feel that their creativity will be limited
ors, a monolithic surface needs to be manipulat- density and hardness to its origins, solidified when using natural stone in contemporary
ed. The surface of natural stone can be varied to deep within the earth under extreme pressure. design. This happens if they don’t realize that this
change its characteristics. For example, granite Marble (and its wildly varying relatives: trav- product can be used when designing complex
may both sparkle in the sunshine or provide a ertine, limestone, and onyx) is a metamorphic geometric shapes. The following examples are
mirror reflection of its surroundings. form of limestone. proof that today’s architects are applying natural
Whether specified for a building facade or Granite is a hard rock suitable for use on ex- stone in creative and inventive designs because of
for exterior stairs, ramps, walls, fountains, and teriors for paving, walls, and building exteriors. new digital advances in the stone industry as well
walkways, the performance, permanence, du- Marble was formed when sediment and other as the timeless beauty inherent in this natural
rability, versatility, resiliency, and beauty make materials forged together beneath the weight of material. These architects, landscape architects
stone a primary construction material for build- heavy bodies of water. After millions of years, and artists, are exploring the value of using vari-
ings and landscape applications that are meant these crystallized minerals resulted in a natural ous finishes and new fabrication technologies to
to last for centuries when specified correctly. stone that is typically white with streaks of color, achieve their aesthetic objectives. The following
Natural stone provides a connection to the capable of taking a hard polish. Different types case studies demonstrate the many benefits of
environment and a history of human construc- of stone can be used for different applications using natural stone as well as the new and creative
tion. This material is timeless and chosen by depending on the technical properties and the ways that technology continues to enhance the
way stone can be used.
Photo: © Amesse Photography

IDENTICAL GRANITE + MULTIPLE

FINISHES = UNIFIED DESIGN

Diocese of Wheeling-Charleston Campus

Plan, Wheeling, West Virginia

Finishes bring variety and versatility to a

project and can unify the design palette. Some
fabricators have developed a wide variety of
finishes that increase a designer’s choices for
applications throughout a project, both inside
and outside.
Different finishes accent different surfaces,
and they can be used as clues for wayfinding.
For example, a different finish can indicate the
approach to a bench, stairs, or object. A different
finish can be used to help create a slip-resistant
surface applied as a universal design principle
or create a highly reflective, smooth surface that
magnifies the stone’s appearance.
The new Diocese of Wheeling Campus Plan
in Wheeling, West Virginia, provides the first
example of how a design team used the change
of finish for both practical and dramatic effect.

Continues at ce.architecturalrecord.com

When constructing the new barrack at West Point, the design team chose to match the Celeste Allen Novak, FAIA, LEED AP BD+C, is
existing feel and color of the 200-year-old campus’s gothic revival architecture. It chose two an architect, writer and planning consultant in
types of black granite in order to provide the Army with new campus structures that will last
Michigan. www.celesteallennovakarchitect.com
another 200 years.

From all types of natural stone and bronze to industrial and diamond tooling products, Coldspring® has been serving the architec-
¨

tural, memorial, residential, and industrial markets since 1898. With headquarters and primary operations in Cold Spring, Minne-
sota, including a bronze foundry, the company has fabrication facilities and quarries across the country. www.coldspringusa.com
152 EDUCATIONAL-ADVERTISEMENT

Built in part with FEMA funding, this tor-

CONTINUING EDUCATION

nado shelter at Ewalt Elementary School

in Augusta, Kansas, can hold up to 600
occupants and doubles as a normal-looking
classroom.

Photo courtesy of Schultz Squared Architects LLC

In the Eye of the Storm CONTINUING EDUCATION

Tested for code-required wind pressures and the latest 1 AIA LU/HSW

Learning Objectives
impact resistance, highly engineered doors, shutters, After reading this article, you should be able to:
and hardware assemblies are turning tornado shelters 1. Understand FEMA P-361 recommendations
and NSSA/International Code Council 500
into aesthetic, functional spaces requirements for tornado storm shelters
for certain occupancies in tornado-prone
areas.
Sponsored by ASSA ABLOY
2. Identify the various testing requirements

I
for tornado-resistant products.
n the wake of a series of tornado catastro- TORNADOES LEAVING THEIR MARK 3. Discuss key information regarding the
phes in the past decade, industry associa- While tornadoes have wreaked havoc on vulner- optimal location of tornado shelters.
tions, code-making bodies, and authori- able cities and towns in the United States for many 4. Explain the evolution of bunker-like
ties having jurisdiction have rallied together years, a spate of particularly devastating tornado caverns into aesthetic, architectural spaces
to provide key guidelines and code require- outbreaks in the past decade have served as a wake- thanks to certified tornado-resistant door-
ments for storm shelters in school buildings up call to vulnerable tornado-prone areas. opening assemblies.
and critical facilities. Case in point, a series of 56 confirmed 5. Specify tornado-resistant doors, shutters,
In turn, the building products industry has tornadoes drove through the South in the winter and hardware.
responded with an assortment of impact-resis- of 2007, beginning in Kansas and making its
To receive AIA credit, you are required to
tant doors, shutters, and hardware to protect greatest impact on Enterprise, Alabama, where
read the entire article and pass the test. Go to
occupants from the great dangers posed by more than $307 million in property damages ce.architecturalrecord.com for complete text
winds of up to 250 mph, wind-borne debris, and significant loss of life occurred. and to take the test for free.
and other dangers created by the awesome and The single-most deadly tornado to date AIA COURSE #K1712H
terrifying effects of Mother Nature. occurred in Joplin, Missouri, when an EF-5
 EDUCATIONAL-ADVERTISEMENT 153

Photo courtesy of ASSA ABLOY

tornado—the highest category—with more In addition to the structural damage
than 200-mph wind speeds killed 162 people, incurred by extreme winds and flying debris,

CONTINUING EDUCATION
caused close to 1,000 injuries, and damaged or internal and external pressures induced by the
destroyed approximately 8,000 structures, af- winds can cause damage to buildings as well.
fecting approximately 30 percent of the town of
less than 50,000 people. ENTER THE BUILDING CODES
Then in Moore, Oklahoma, in 2013, 210- In order to direct building teams to design
mph estimated peak winds took the lives of 24, and build spaces to protect occupants from
injured 377, destroyed 1,150 homes, and left $2 tornadoes, the Federal Emergency Manage-
billion worth of damage in its wake. ment Agency (FEMA) began conducting
Unlike hurricanes—which are large weather post-disaster investigations and found that
systems that can last up to three weeks and give many smaller, interior rooms were surviving,
advance warnings of several days, giving time Estimated 210 mph peak tornado winds killed while the rest of structures were destroyed.
for residents to evacuate the area—tornadoes 24, injured 377, and destroyed 1,150 homes in “The study of past storms and their af-
are short, intense storms, giving towns little Moore, Oklahoma, in 2013. fects have allowed engineers, meteorologists,
warning of the impending attack. In fact, the and scientists to determine the wind speeds
National Oceanic and Atmosphere Administra- In comparison to hurricanes, tornadoes and debris impact requirements that are
tion reports that the average tornado warning is are much smaller, usually no more than a ½ appropriate to use for the design of storm
just 13 minutes. mile wide, lasting from a few minutes up to shelter structures,” explains Jason Pirtle,
“Compared with hurricanes and earth- an hour. PE, M.ASCE, president, Remagen Corpora-
quakes, single tornado events typically affect Putting things into perspective, James E. tion, Jackson, Tennessee. “Since these load
smaller geographical areas but occur more often Waller, PE, director of engineering, Remagen demands are greatly elevated from those used
and cause more deaths,” explains Ken Kilzer, SE, Corporation, Monteagle, Tennessee, explains in typical buildings, the development of a
structural engineer, Olsson Associates, Omaha, that the wind pressures and forces of a tor- Standard to specifically address shelters was
Nebraska. According to the National Weather nado on a structure are approximately four needed.”
Service, “From 1950 through 2011, tornadoes times as great as what engineers design for in Emerging from this FEMA research, the
caused about 5,600 fatalities in the United coastal areas subject to Category 4 hurricanes, agency developed FEMA 320: Taking Shelter
States, more than hurricanes and earthquakes and nearly eight times as great for design of from the Storm: Building a Safe Room For
combined over the same time period.” buildings in noncoastal areas. Your Home or Small Business, first pub-
Photo courtesy of Schultz Squared Architects LLC
lished in 1998, and FEMA 361: Design and
Construction Guidance for Community
Safe Rooms, first published in 2000, offer-
ing guidance for storm shelter construction.
Incidentally, both FEMA P-320 and FEMA
P-361compliance are required for building
owners seeking construction grants from
FEMA.
In May of 2002, the International Code
Council (ICC) and the National Storm
Shelter Association (NSSA) initiated a joint
project to write a standard for the design and
construction of storm shelters. A standard
development committee was created, and
the first meeting was held in May of 2003.
The scope of the standard was established to
provide minimum design and construction
requirements for storm shelters that provide
a safe refuge from storms that produce high
winds, such as hurricanes and tornadoes.
First published in 2008, ICC 500 became a
referenced standard in the 2009 International
Building Code (IBC). In the 2009 and 2012
IBC, shelter construction was voluntary, but
in cases when a shelter was built, it was regu-
This classroom at Garfield Elementary School in Augusta, Kansas, meets stringent FEMA P-361 lated by the standard.
tornado shelter standards and offers an attractive architectural design with a window thanks to a
code-compliant shutter attached to the opening. Continues at ce.architecturalrecord.com

ASSA ABLOY is the global leader in door-opening solutions, dedicated to satisfying end-user needs for security, safety,
and convenience. ASSA ABLOY’s mission is to provide complete opening solutions backed by value-added services to
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154 EDUCATIONAL-ADVERTISEMENT
CONTINUING EDUCATION

Project: Port House

Location: Antwerp, Belgium
All photos courtesy ASI Group

Architect: Zaha Hadid

Bathroom Design: The CONTINUING EDUCATION

Differentiating Factor 1.25 AIA LU/HSW

1 GBCI CE HOUR
How to help (or harm) your building’s reputation with
0.1 IDCEC CEU
bathroom design Learning Objectives
After reading this article, you should be able to:
Sponsored by ASI Group | By Amanda C Voss, MPP 1. Discuss the importance of a restroom experi-
ence to building occupants and visitors.

T
houghtful preservation of historic an almost anywhere. You regret not allocating 2. Explain how functionality of restrooms affects not
only perceptions of a whole structure but also the
stonework. A sleek new glass facade enough thought to this one very important
productivity and performance of its occupants.
married with modern steel elements. space. Despite the initial positive impression
3. Identify the elements of great bathroom design,
Your firm’s latest project for one of the city’s created by the design, and the excellent dinner and be equipped to defend against any nega-
hottest restaurants is ready for its opening night. that follows, you leave with a bad taste in your tive design choices.
As a thank you, the design team is invited. mouth. But, it didn’t have to be so. 4. Describe how partitions and accessories sup-
Inside, the building glitters and the ambiance Inherent in every project is the human expe- port bathroom design and better understand
is perfect. You are commended by other guests rience, both aesthetic and functional, that occu- the tradeoffs in durability, aesthetics, mainte-
on how well you captured the intent of the pants have within the building. Architects and nance, user safety, and total life-cycle cost.
restaurateur. You are feeling very proud of what owners frequently focus a great deal of attention 5. Understand the importance of collaboration
on bathroom design with the building owner,
you have accomplished, until you overhear a on first impressions: facades, lobbies, and entry- manager, and manufacturer.
few people commenting on how underwhelmed ways. While storefronts can create a sense of awe
they were with the design and appointments and anticipation, the real working spaces that To receive AIA credit, you are required to
in the washroom. The bathroom in this space will generate lasting impressions are in the inte- read the entire article and pass the test. Go to
could be the bathroom almost anywhere. Its rior. For occupants that interact with a building ce.architecturalrecord.com for complete text
aesthetic does not match rest of the building, on a daily basis, the restroom performs a crucial and to take the test for free.
AIA COURSE #K1712G
materials feel cheap, and some of the layout function and is also a lynchpin for perception, GBCI COURSE #0920014914
IDCEC COURSE #CC-106879-1000
is inconvenient. Overall, the design feels like which can waterfall into their performance and
 EDUCATIONAL-ADVERTISEMENT 155

adults would not return to a restaurant with

dirty restrooms. Regardless of industry, clean

CONTINUING EDUCATION
restrooms directly impact a business’s ability to
attract and retain customers.
The poll drives home the importance of
building user experience in the digital age. The
survey found that 50 percent of people who
encounter a dirty restroom would discuss it with
friends and family. In today’s highly visible and
ever-prevalent social media platforms, patrons
“discuss” this with a much wider audience than
in yester year. These types of reviews can cost
a business potential customers before many of
them even set foot in the door.
Given the powerful impressions washrooms
leave on consumers, businesses and building
owners need to ensure that their facilities deliver.
A vast array of things—from bad lighting
to too few toilets—may contribute to a user’s
negative experience in a bathroom. Empty or
jammed toilet paper dispensers, poor sanita-
tion, smells, lack of privacy, trash on the floor,
and empty soap and paper towel dispensers are
among top occupant complaints.
Iconic buildings deserve iconic washrooms.
While poorly maintained and designed
productivity. For-first time patrons or visitors of Why? Peters writes, “A sparkling restroom with bathrooms have an outsized negative effect on
a commercial space, the ‘bathroom experience’ family photos in a small restaurant in Gill, Mas- a building, clean bathrooms can suggest many
can be the difference in whether they return or sachusetts, shouts, ‘We care.’” Therefore, “the positive things to customers: a clean washroom
take their business elsewhere. devil—and a culture that demands excellence— is an indication that the establishment itself is
We inherently are asking people to do some- really is in the details!” He continues, “To me, a clean; that the owner and manager pay atten-
thing very private in a public space, and almost clean and attractive and even imaginative loo is tion to details; that the building’s designer takes
all of our senses are engaged fully when we are the best...” customers and their experience seriously; and
in the bathroom even for such a short period of ultimately, that customers can trust the business
time. However, commercial restrooms are often QUANTIFYING THE BATHROOM to take care of its customers.
relegated to an afterthought, a space designed and EXPERIENCE: WHAT DO OCCUPANTS SAY?
installed without a great deal of consideration People have very visceral responses to design deci-
for its impact on occupants and their experience. sions in commercial bathrooms. All five senses are
Bathrooms then become the weak link of the engaged. Sounds in the bathroom play a very im-
overall architectural experience of the build- portant role in how we feel. The way the bathroom
ing. Poor restrooms set a very negative tone and looks aesthetically drives our perception of the
set back the occupants’ perception of the entire space: Does the bathroom look clean and hygienic?
building and business, regardless of how beautiful Does it look like it is part of a cohesive design? Oc-
and functional the building may be in every other cupants expect that our bathrooms make them feel
aspect. As many business owners know, the way comfortable, safe, and private. Ensuring funda-
their employees perceive the space in which they mental accessibility is crucial.
work is reflected in how they feel and perform. Restrooms impact building users in two
Leon Shakeshaft, architect and partner, Arthur primary ways: first, by their initial design, and
Gibney & Partners, Dublin, Ireland, notes, “Last second, by how they are maintained.
year, I had the pleasure of having a private tour Design can either support or get in the way
of one of New York’s landmark office buildings. of proper maintenance. “Restroom cleanliness
As I appreciated the architecture and the thought is always one of the top five drivers of customer
that went into the details of the building, I found satisfaction,” reports Lysa Scully, Port Author-
a lack of harmony between the design choices in ity of New York & New Jersey. According to a
the bathrooms when compared to the rest of the survey by Zogby International, more than 80
building. At our firm, we recognize that all things percent of consumers would avoid a restaurant
being equal, the quality of bathrooms can be the with a dirty restroom—not just avoid the rest-
differentiating factor when our clients seek to at- room, but avoid the restaurant altogether.
tract tenants. Good bathroom design does not have An overwhelming majority—86 percent
to cost more, but it pays great dividends.” of U.S. adults—equate the cleanliness of a
The design and upkeep of a restroom plays a
“It’s all about the restrooms!” proclaims restaurant’s restroom with the cleanliness of its crucial role in shaping the kind of relationship
Tom Peters in “The Little Big Things: 163 Ways kitchen, according to a Harris Interactive poll. formed between building designer, owner, and
to Pursue Excellence” (Harper Business, 2012). The survey also revealed that 75 percent of U.S. occupants.
156 BATHROOM DESIGN: THE DIFFERENTIATING FACTOR EDUCATIONAL-ADVERTISEMENT

QUANTIFYING THE BATHROOM Touch and smell are critical to our peace of
EXPERIENCE: JUST WHY ARE mind and play powerful roles in the perception
CONTINUING EDUCATION

BATHROOMS IMPORTANT? of hygiene, cleanliness, and comfort. Particu-

Modern design seeks to be self-aware and occu- larly in public restrooms, occupants are hyper-
pant centric. Given these values, modern offices aware of germs. The best design will carefully
eschew cubicles and instead create flex space to consider the surfaces an occupant has to touch
encourage visual, verbal, and nonverbal social and minimize contact with dirty surfaces. Are
interactions between coworkers. The merits of the fixtures touch free? Do the installed materi-
this move to open plans and the resulting lack als and fixtures promote ease of maintenanc and
of privacy is debatable. For many, the lack of inhibit the spread of germs and bacteria?
a private space is very detrimental, and it can Because every project is unique, recycling
be argued that open offices take away from specifications is the greatest cause of poor rest-
the collective productivity of an organization. room design. Convincing building owners and
Regardless of the merit of lack of privacy in an managers to invest care and protect the budget
office setting, as we continue using the theme of for restrooms is vital to preserving the occupant
occupant-centric building design, it is even more experience.
critical that we pay added attention to the single The first step is identifying the restroom’s
most private spaces in any building. Whereas use based on building type and occupants.
some people are just mildly uncomfortable in a There are many different types of buildings
public washroom, some suffer so extremely that and use cases. Each building needs to be viewed
they physically can’t go in the presence of others. through a different lens to ensure that the right
The public bathroom is a space that has deep- type of material and product are selected to
rooted behaviors and social rituals that we’ve optimize life cycle, create ease of maintenance,
all experienced, if not at the office, then out at and ultimately provide the best customer ex-
restaurants, the mall, and airports. perience. The types of products and materials
Going to the restroom is a necessary element used in bathroom furnishings for a university
of everyone’s life and work dynamic. With Changing stations at the Citifield Mets Stadium would vary greatly from that of a Class A of-
this in mind, Work Design Magazine (March 8, One-hundred percent of the opinion of the fice building, an aquatic facility, a restaurant
2016) writes, “It will come as little surprise that building can be affected by less than 1 percent restroom, or a high-frequency setting like that
of the cost of the building. Proper design in
thoughtful attention to the design and manage- of a stadium or airport. Proper design reduces
the restroom—including the details, like acces-
ment of restrooms is more significant than often sories—can impact the overall experience and queuing, misuse, vandalism, initial costs, and
recognized. It offers the ultimate opportunity opinion of the building. maintenance costs.
for employers and office managers to ‘walk the High-demand facilities, like stadiums, that
talk’ of a high-performance work environment.” of the cost of the building. This is a profound experience heavy volumes of users, must be
Investment in spaces that are crucial to the statement. Proper design in the restroom can designed to handle an extremely high volume
occupant experience are seen as more transparent impact the overall experience and opinion of the of occupants. In this scenario, ensuring that
reflections of building owners’ values. The design building. the flow of the bathroom is seamless, allowing
and upkeep of a restroom plays a crucial role in people to come and go while eliminating long
shaping the kind of relationship formed between THE ELEMENTS OF GREAT lines, is crucial. There needs to be sufficient ac-
building designer, owner, and occupants. BATHROOM DESIGN cessories, partitions, and flow to ensure that the
A 2011 study by John Goins, Center for the Bathrooms designed for the optimal user
Built Environment, University of California, experience can be the difference maker to the
Berkeley, and Mithra Moezzi, Portland State building owner who wants to rent space, or for
University, shows that the organization that pro- the renter who wants customers to return and
vides a bathroom that is thoughtfully designed employees to perform at their best.
and features materials that wear well will be Practical considerations in bathrooms are
more positively evaluated than those that don’t. crucial. Is the layout comfortable and accessible
Poorly designed and managed spaces reflect to a variety users? Does it accommodate higher
poorly on the individuals and larger organiza- traffic efficiently without sacrificing comfort?
tion that provide them. Does it accommodate strollers, wheelchairs,
A University of Alberta study supports that walkers, or luggage? Are the sightlines between
“restroom cleanliness has a significant effect partition walls and stall doors minimized? Does
on people’s perceptions of a building’s overall it have a cohesive style? Does is it look clean and
cleanliness.” hygienic? Will it be easy to maintain?
Washroom experiences are so important to Today, most people living in developed
occupants, there are even websites dedicated to countries expect privacy in the bathroom. Para-
restroom discussion. “The Happiest Potties on doxically, most bathrooms outside of private
Earth” is an entire discussion board devoted to homes are designed for multiple, simultaneous
Project: Militiari Shopping Center
rating restroom experiences at Disneyland and occupants, writes Julie Beck in The Atlantic. Pri- Loaction: Romania
California Adventure. vacy and safety concerns are vital to a bathroom Client: No Touch
One-hundred percent of the opinion of the experience and must be addressed appropriately Great bathrooms ask practical questions about
building can be affected by less than 1 pecent by the design team. user needs as well as aesthetics.
EDUCATIONAL-ADVERTISEMENT BATHROOM DESIGN: THE DIFFERENTIATING FACTOR 157

bathroom functions appropriately. If restroom

facilities are poorly designed, sports fans may

CONTINUING EDUCATION
stand in line and miss part of the ballgame and
have a negative experience with the stadium,
team, and sporting event. Long lines can also
have a negative financial impact on the stadium
owners, private or municipal, as patrons waste
time waiting in line for the bathroom, rather
than waiting in line at a concession stand.
Shortfall in design often occurs when
designers operate from a series of specifications
that are either adopted from previous projects
or are a part of an outdated master specifica-
tion. ADA and building codes change, neces-
sitating specification evolution to account for
both changes in code and design requirements
and the introduction of innovative products.
The design landscape is ever evolving, and
relying on the past is not necessarily the optimal
solution for a building owner. Even in a “budget
bathroom” scenario, architects can use standard
and basic materials in the right way to achieve Project: ETU Auto Grill
great design on a low budget. Client: No Touch
In addition to supporting overall building Practical concerns, like safety, privacy, and accessibility, do not have to negate aesthetic goals.
aesthetic and use, intelligent restroom design
can also improve the performance of facility Attention should be given to: which measures the contribution of interior
management in other meaningful ways, includ- ° Circulation paths and maneuverability: finish materials to room fire growth during
ing through sustainability, cleanliness, and As you move through the designed areas, specified fire exposure conditions.
customer and employee safety. carefully consider entrance to and travel • Maintenance: Making sure a space can
about the restroom. Obstacles may need to be easily accessed and cleaned is a pivotal
UNIVERSAL PRINCIPLES: BATHROOM be removed in order to create an acceptable checkpoint for washroom design. Materi-
DESIGN CHECKLIST passage width and circulation path. Parti- als and systems must be maintained to be
Across the spectrum of bathroom design, there tion layout and location of accessible toilet sustainable. Paying attention to material
are universal principles we care about when it stalls become important here. specification is vital because it will impact
comes to restrooms, with each element inter- ° Reach ranges: Consider users of all heights the durability, performance, and longevity
related and dependent on the others. as well as wheelchair users. Mounting of your restroom and also determine the
• Privacy: Privacy is vital in public restrooms heights for sinks, hand dryers, grab bars, maintenance schedule during operation.
and includes minimized sightlines in parti- and other fixtures should be reachable and • Hygiene: Does the overall design promote
tions, from doorways, and from mirrors. unobstructed for all users. cleanliness? Are there antimicrobial materials
• Sustainability: Material specification plays ° Mirrors: Mirrors located above lavatories or incorporated in the design? Touch-free fix-
a big in durability and longevity, as well as countertops shall be installed with the bot- tures? Is it easy to maintain and keep clean?
cleanliness and occupant experience. By tom edge of the reflecting surface 40 inches • Lighting: Offer a combination of general
creating facilities that are accessible, can maximum above the finish floor or ground. lighting and task lighting that is flattering and
be readily cleaned, and can withstand pre- ° Door swings: Maneuvering clearances complements the design and use of the space.
dicted use, a designer will not only facilitate shall extend the full width of the doorway • Safety: Mitigate safety risks from hazards,
required maintenance but also ensure and the required latch-side or hinge-side such as wet floors. Wet floors are often a
that the project elements work together to clearance. function of the location and number of dry-
maximize the serviceable life of the design. ° Clear floor space: Lavatories should allow ing stations in respect to sinks since water
A well-designed bathroom with materials for open, easy approach. will drip from wet hands on the way to get
that last the intended life of the bathroom • Interior finishes and materials fire stan- them dry.
will avoid an early demise in a landfill. dards: There are two standard test methods
The right products for the right application used to measure the fire performance of Continues at ce.architecturalrecord.com
mean maximal life. interior finishes. The first, ASTM E-84, tests
• ADA code: When designing a public restroom the surface burning characteristics of build- Amanda Voss, MPP, is an author, editor, and
facility, designers must be aware of elements ing materials using a tunnel test method. policy analyst. Writing for multiple publications,
required by code, such as ADA standards and The other standard is a room corner test, she also serves as the managing editor for Energy
comprehensive universal design principles. performed in accordance with NFPA 286, Design Update.

ASI Group, comprised of American Specialties Inc., ASI Global Partitions, ASI Accurate Partitions, and ASI Storage Solutions,
offers a single-source solution for washroom accessories, toilet partitions, lockers, and other storage products. www.asigroup.us
158 EDUCATIONAL-ADVERTISEMENT
CONTINUING EDUCATION

All images courtesy of XYPEX Chemical Corp.

Concrete structures that are
subject to water, chemicals, and
other stresses can be enhanced
by incorporating crystalline
technology into their mix or as a
spray-on application.

Improving Concrete Durability with

Crystalline Technology
CONTINUING EDUCATION
Creating concrete that is inherently waterproof and
more sustainable 1 AIA LU/HSW

Sponsored by XYPEX Chemical Corp. | By Peter J. Arsenault, FAIA, NCARB, LEED AP 1 PDH

C
Learning Objectives
oncrete is known for being a strong and THE PROBLEM: CONCRETE After reading this article, you should be able to:
versatile material, and it’s used in many DETERIORATION 1. Discuss the types and causes of common
cast-in-place and precast structures for Concrete is a mixture of natural ingredients and forms of deterioration in concrete.
a variety of infrastructure and engineering ap- man-made processes. The particular ingredients 2. Explain how chemical enhancements,
plications. However, in standard formulations, it used and their ratios in proportion to each other including crystalline technology, improve
also has some known limitations when subjected can create great variety and differences in the the durability of concrete structures and
reduce maintenance.
to harsh conditions. Those conditions can cause strength, appearance and functionality of con-
3. Analyze how crystalline technology admix-
physical damage or deterioration of the concrete, crete. Nonetheless, there are some fundamental tures can produce very positive perfor-
leading to significant problems and shortening characteristics of all concrete that are common— mance results.
the useful life of the concrete structure. The use of some of which help define its susceptibility to 4. Identify the role that high-performance
chemical admixtures in the concrete mix can help deterioration. concrete can play in achieving green and
change the nature of the concrete and overcome Typically, a concrete mix consists of about sustainable design solutions.
some of those limitations, particularly deteriora- 60–75 percent aggregate (fine and coarse), 10–15
tion. In specific admixtures, the use of crystalline percent cement, and 15–20 percent water. It is To receive AIA credit, you are required to
read the entire article and pass the test. Go to
technology has been shown to be quite effective in the water added to the dry materials that causes
ce.architecturalrecord.com for complete text
terms of waterproofing the concrete and provid- the chemical reaction of hydration, which allows and to take the test for free. This course may
ing resistance to chemicals, extreme temperatures, the cement to hold all of the other materials also qualify for one Professional Development
and other conditions. Engineers who recognize together. Often, more water is used than is needed Hour (PDH). Most states now accept AIA
the causes of concrete deterioration along with the for hydration for the convenience of making the credits for engineers’ requirements. Check
your state licensing board for all laws, rules,
best options to overcome them can create resistive concrete easier to pour and form. This practice
and regulations to confirm.
concrete components that are more durable and plus the mixing process can produce air pockets AIA COURSE #K1612T
more sustainable in the long run. or bubbles that take up another 5–8 percent of the
 EDUCATIONAL-ADVERTISEMENT 159

total mix. As the water is hydrated, drained, or Recognizing all of these issues, the Portland
evaporated away, the cured concrete is left with a Cement Association (PCA) has investigated

CONTINUING EDUCATION
myriad of air gaps, holes, pores, capillary tracts, these phenomena in some depth and identi-
and other internal voids. Further, concrete shrinks fied a number of specific types and causes of
in size as it cures, although if it cured properly, that deterioration in concrete. Some of them are
shrinkage can be kept to a minimum. Nonetheless, summarized below.
visible cracks or much less visible micro-cracks can
occur. The end result is that while concrete may Abrasion/Erosion
appear strong and impenetrable on the surface, it Abrasion damage is caused by rubbing and
actually ends up quite porous due to the variety of friction against the outer paste of concrete,
openings and voids inherent within it. This poros- exposing the fine and coarse aggregate that
ity means that water can penetrate into and even will cause additional degradation. The two
through a concrete structure, giving it properties most common and damaging forms of abra-
of permeability that are often not desirable. sion occur on vehicular traffic surfaces and in This concrete support has deteriorated due to
The limitations of concrete are exhibited in hydraulic structures, such as dams, spillways, abrasion and erosion in a tidal zone.
several ways. First, the surface can be physically tunnels, and even infrastructure piping.
damaged due to physical force, abuse, weather, Traffic surface abrasion can be controlled by readily recognized by a smooth, worn appear-
etc. Such physical damage can cause the surface limiting the types of vehicles and tires that ance on the surface of the concrete, suggest-
of the concrete to crack or break, exposing the are used and selecting appropriately hard ag- ing that it can be reduced by using strong
inner aggregate and creating a rough surface that gregate to withstand the weight and wear of concrete with hard aggregates.
is vulnerable to further deterioration. Secondly, vehicles.
when chemical substances penetrate beneath the Addressing abrasion damage in hydraulic Freeze-Thaw Attack
surface of the concrete, they can interact with the structures is a bit more involved. High-quality When water freezes, it expands. If water seeps
concrete and cause damage or deterioration. The concrete can resist water f lowing over it, even into concrete cavities, such as capillaries or
extent and nature of the damage will depend on at high velocities, for many years with little pores, and then freezes, that expansion can
the types of chemicals or other substances that or no damage. However, concrete is suscep- produce pressure in the concrete. Once the
penetrate into the concrete. Finally, the perme- tible to deterioration from the abrasive action pressure exceeds the tensile strength of the
able nature of concrete can allow water and of debris or solid materials in the water that concrete, the cavities will burst. If those areas
chemicals to penetrate and cause corrosion on grind or repeatedly impact on its surface. are small, then it may not be significant at
any metal components embedded in the concrete. Spillway aprons, stilling basins, sluiceways, first, but if that cycle is repeated over time
This includes reinforcing steel, anchors, sleeves, drainage conduits or culverts, and tunnel lin- through multiple events of water seepage,
post supports, angles, or any other metal that is ings are particularly susceptible to this type of freezing, and thawing, then significant crack-
used with concrete structures. abrasion erosion. In hydraulic structures, it is ing, scaling, and crumbling of the concrete
can occur. This phenomenon is important
not only after the concrete is in place and
cured but also during its placement. The
common approach to improve the resistance
of concrete against freezing is the use of
intentionally entrained air. This creates more
air voids in the concrete, which act as empty
chambers for the freezing and migrating
water to enter and expand into, thus relieving
the pressure in the capillaries and pores and
preventing damage to the concrete. A better
solution is to create concrete with low perme-
ability in the first place, which is better able
to resist the penetration of water and, as a
result, be less affected by freeze-thaw cycles.

Continues at ce.architecturalrecord.com

Peter J. Arsenault, FAIA, NCARB, LEED AP,

is a nationally known architect, sustainabil-
ity consultant, technical writer, and continu-
ing education presenter who has authored
more than 140 continuing education articles.
An electron microscopic magnified view of a micro-crack in concrete that can occur due to
www.linkedin.com/in/pjaarch
normal shrinkage.

XYPEX Chemical Corp. is a manufacturer of crystalline waterproofing materials with an international network of
distributors and licensees in more than 70 countries. XYPEX products have been specified and applied on thousands of
major concrete structures around the world. www.xypex.com
160 EDUCATIONAL-ADVERTISEMENT

One of the advantages spray foam insula-

tion has over conventional insulation mate-
CONTINUING EDUCATION

rials is that it is flexible enough to be used

in many different applications.
Photo courtesy of Icynene

Spray Polyurethane CONTINUING EDUCATION

Foam: The Evolution of 1 AIA LU/HSW

Learning Objectives
After reading this article, you should be able to:

Building Insulation 1. Explain the benefits of and the differences

between open-cell and closed-cell spray-
foam insulation.
Sponsored by Icynene 2. Describe the most appropriate applications
for open-cell and closed-cell spray foam in

O
commercial designs.
f all the different insulation options reducing energy demand. This course will
3. Discuss how spray-foam insulation can be
available today in commercial con- provide an overview of spray-foam insula-
used in assemblies requiring fire resistance.
struction, spray foam can provide tion, how it differs from conventional insu-
4. Define the differences between thermal
outstanding thermal performance while also lation types, its most appropriate applica-
barriers and ignition barriers, and explain
contributing to air sealing, moisture control, tions, and how the material is allowed to be insulation fire ratings.
and even structural integrity. It can be an used in fire-resistant construction.
important tool in designing and installing a To receive AIA credit, you are required to
well-sealed, energy-efficient building enve- read the entire article and pass the test. Go to
lope. Because of its superior insulating and Continues at ce.architecturalrecord.com ce.architecturalrecord.com for complete text
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 CALL FOR ENTRIES

Record Houses
The editors of ARCHITECTURAL RECORD announce the 2018 RECORD HOUSES
awards program. Entry is open to any architect registered in the U.S. or abroad. Of
particular interest are projects that incorporate innovation in program, building
technology, materials, and form. Projects must be built and inhabited. They may be
new construction or renovated and adaptive-reuse projects. Winners will be featured in
the May 2018 issue. The fee is US$75 per submission.
SUBMISSION DEADLINE: FEBRUARY 1, 2018

CALL FOR ENTRIES

Good Design
Is Good Business
The editors of ARCHITECTURAL RECORD are currently accepting submissions
for the 2018 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD GOOD DESIGN IS GOOD BUSINESS
awards program. Good design is a priority for leaders of business and industry
looking to boost productivity, rebrand, and attract customers. The Good Design Is
Good Business awards honor architects and clients who best utilize design to achieve
such strategic objectives. Winners will be published in the June 2018 issue. The fee is
US$150 per entry and $50 for each additional project.
SUBMISSION DEADLINE: FEBRUARY 15, 2018

CALL FOR ENTRIES

Design Vanguard
The magazine is looking for the best emerging architecture firms from around the world to feature in
our 2018 DESIGN VANGUARD issue. Although we do not have an age limit, we try to select architects
and designers who have had their own practices for less than 10 years. In 2018, for the first time,
winners will be featured in the June issue (instead of December). There is no fee to enter.
SUBMISSION DEADLINE: FEBRUARY 15, 2018

For full details and to submit your entry, visit: architecturalrecord.com/call4entries.

E-mail questions to [email protected]. Please indicate the contest name as the subject of your e-mail.
164 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017
dates&events

New and Upcoming Village, the Unisphere at Flushing Meadows-

Albert Frey and Lina Bo Bardi: A Search for Corona Park in Queens, and Doris C. Freedman
Exhibitions Living Architecture Plaza in Central Park. Presented by the Public
Palm Springs, California Art Fund, the exhibit also features images on
Design Miami/ Through January 7, 2018 lampposts and other spaces usually reserved for
Miami Part of a Getty Foundation–led initiative to advertisement. Visit publicartfund.org.
December 6–10, 2017 explore the connection between Latin America
The annual global forum features exhibitions and Los Angeles, the Palm Springs Art Never Built New York
of furniture, lighting, and “objets d’art” along Museum presents an exhibition that shows New York City
with lectures, panels, and other events. Special parallels between the work of architects Through February 18, 2018
commissions for the 2017 fair include Swiss Albert Frey and the Italian-born Brazilian Lina Cocurated by architecture critics Sam Lubell
firm Christ & Gantenbein’s wood-furniture Bo Bardi, who also designed furniture. For and Greg Goldin, the exhibition features origi-
series designed for hardware-free assembly more information, see psmuseum.org. nal prints, drawings, models, and installations
in a Zambian school. More information at of unbuilt projects developed by architects
miami2017.designmiami.com Chicago Architecture Biennial including Robert Venturi and Denise Scott
Chicago Brown, Rem Koolhaas, and Zaha Hadid. The
Howardena Pindell: What Remains To Be Seen Through January 7, 2018 Queens Museum exhibit was designed by
Chicago The second edition of the Chicago Architec- Studio Christian Wassmann. For more infor-
February 24–May 20, 2018 ture Biennial features works by over 141 mation, visit queensmuseum.org.
Spanning the multidisciplinary artist’s five- architects and designers on the theme of Make
decade-long career, the exhibit features New History. Consisting of six community Obdurate Space: Architecture of Donald Judd
paintings, photography, film, and performance anchor exhibitions, two special-project sites, New York City
from various stages of her life. The underlying installations, performances, talks, and films, Through March 5, 2018
theme of the exhibition, cocurated by Naomi the Biennial is a citywide event that encour- The exhibit looks at completed and unbuilt
Beckwith and Valerie Cassel Oliver, reflects the ages visitors to explore Chicago with an architectural work by artist Donald Judd be-
shift from Modernism to contemporary art architectural eye. For more information, visit tween 1984 and 1994. Featuring drawings,
practices. At the Museum of Contemporary chicagoarchitecturebiennial.org. models, and photos, the display was curated by
Art Chicago. For more information, visit Claude Armstrong and Donna Cohen, who
mcachicago.org. Scaffolding were both assistants to Judd. At the Center for
New York City Architecture. Visit cfa.aiany.org.
Through January 18, 2018
Ongoing Exhibitions
Curated by Greg Barton with installation Frau Architekt
design by OMA New York director Shohei Frankfurt
Living in America: Frank Lloyd Wright,
Harlem & Modern Housing Shigematsu and graphic design by MTWTF, Through March 8, 2018
New York City the exhibition explores the different forms Presented by the German Federal Cultural
Through December 17, 2017 and applications of scaffolding, as well as its Foundation, the exhibition features portraits
This exhibit examines racial segregation and relationship to architecture. At the Center for of 22 women who have influenced German
socioeconomic inequality through two housing Architecture. Visit cfa.aiany.org. architecture. Beginning in 1907 with Emilie
projects designed by Wright—one occupied Winkelmann, the first female founder of a
mainly by black residents, the other predomi- No. 9 German architecture studio, personal stories
nantly white. Curated by Columbia University’s New York City and projects showcase the role each woman
Temple Hoyne Buell Center for the Study of Through January 19, 2018 played in shaping the profession in Germany.
American Architecture, the exhibition relates Designed and curated by architect Frida At Deutsches Architekturmuseum. For more
to the Museum of Modern Art’s ongoing Frank Escobedo, the exhibition examines the history information, visit dam-online.de.
Lloyd Wright exhibition. For more information, of a public sculpture series in Mexico City, La
visit arch.columbia.edu. Ruta de la Amistad, commissioned for the 1968 Found in Translation: Design in California
Olympic Games. Escobedo focuses the exhibit and Mexico, 1915–1985
Designing Material Innovation on the ninth sculpture, by American artist Los Angeles
San Francisco Todd Williams. At Columbia University’s Through April 1, 2018
Through December 22, 2017 Arthur Ross Architecture Gallery. For more Displaying over 250 objects including draw-
The exhibit at California College of the Arts’ information, visit arch.columbia.edu. ings, photos, models, and film, the exhibition
San Francisco campus consists of five full-scale examines Modern and anti-Modern design
prototypes built using new materials, fabrica- Ai Weiwei: Good Fences Make Good movements in California and Mexico, along
tion techniques, and/or design approaches. Neighbors with their connections to each other. Richard
Participating firms include T+E+A+M, using a New York City Neutra, Luis Barragán, and Clara Porset are
material made from rock and reprocessed Through February 11, 2018 some of the architects and designers whose
waste plastics; Matter Design, testing prehis- The citywide exhibit by artist and activist Ai work is on display at the Los Angeles County
toric approaches to installing large stone Weiwei creates a series of installations using the Museum of Art exhibit. Visit lacma.org.
statues; and APTUM Architecture, with a pavil- security fence to examine themes of displace-
ion built using high-performance concrete. ment and migration. Sites in New York include Gordon Matta-Clark: Anarchitect
Visit designingmaterialinnovation.org. the Washington Square Arch in Greenwich New York City
ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017
dates&events
Through April 8, 2018 Steven Holl will speak on his recent work,
Known for artwork that cuts through the including Maggie’s Center Barts, which is
facades of derelict and historic buildings, slated to open in London by the end of the
Gordon Matta-Clark’s exhibit at the Bronx year. See aiauk.org.
Museum of the Arts uses the artist’s work in
the borough as a jumping-off point for a dis- IES Research Symposium 2018: Light +
play that includes 100 pieces, film, and rarely Human Health
shown materials from his archive. For more Atlanta
information, see bronxmuseum.org. April 8–10, 2018
The Illuminating Engineering Society is calling
Alex Schweder and Ward Shelley: Your for papers that examine how light affects
Turn circadian, biological, and behavior responses.
Ridgefield, Connecticut Posters showing research on or applications of Since 1979, providing
Through April 22, 2018 lighting approaches will be featured in a dedi- estimating and construction
For this combined architecture and perfor- cated session. Deadline to submit abstracts is consulting to Architectural
mance-art piece, Alex Schweder and Ward December 15, 2017. For more information, visit
and Engineering firms
Shelley will build a 24-foot-high living environ- ies.org/research/research-symposia-workshops.
ment that they will then inhabit, negotiating worldwide.
the shared use of nine basic amenities as New to New York: A Brighter BAM
an interactive performance for audience New York City Multi-discipline experience
members. At the Aldrich Contemporary Art December 16, 2017
Museum. Visit aldrichart.org. Architectural historian Matt Postal will lead a
and expertise in the
tour in the neighborhood around the Brook- construction industry.
Floating Cube: 10 Years 10 Artists 10 Works lyn Academy of Music, exploring housing
Giussano, Italy projects as well as civic spaces that have
Through May 31, 2018 (by appointment) transformed the vicinity. Highlights include
Curated by Cristiana Colli, furniture company work by SHoP Architects, COOKFOX “If you absolutely need
Molteni&C’s exhibition looks back on 10 years Architects, and TEN Arquitectos’ Enrique accuracy – call us and see
Norten. Organized by the Municipal Art
of photography published by its in-house maga- how we “measure” up! “
zine, M&C. The photos are displayed inside Ron Society of New York. Visit mas.org.
Gilad’s Floating Cube, a square white structure Katy Kothmann Abraham,
Unlocking Public Space: Placemaking in
to which the photos are affixed. It appears to President
float atop about an inch of water—both the Brownsville
cube and water are enclosed by glass. At the New York City
Quadreria Contemporanea picture gallery. December 18, 2017
A panel discussion moderated by The New York
More information at molteni.it. US based, serving the
Times’s Ginia Bellafante on how the Browns-
ville Community Justice Center used urban international and domestic
Lectures, Conferences, and planning tools to create new public spaces. At Architectural Industry.
Symposia the Brooklyn Historical Society. More informa-
tion at brooklynhistory.org. 40 years of customer
In Our Time: A Year of Architecture in a Day satisfaction.
New York City Competitions
December 9, 2017
ü Woman Owned
The one-day symposium will feature project Beyond the Centerline
presentations, a panel discussion led by the ü HUBZone certified
Registration deadline: December 15, 2017
Met’s architecture and design curator, Beatrice This privately funded design competition run ü Family Owned
Galilee, and a keynote presentation by Pritzker by Fisher Brothers is calling for proposals to
Prize–winner Wang Shu. Other participants reimagine Park Avenue in Manhattan by creat-
include architects such as David Adjaye, Go ing installations for the medians between 46th
Hasegawa, and Philippe Rahm, along with a Street and 57th Street. Up to 10 designs will be
creative leader at IKEA and artist Julie selected to be built and displayed in February
Mehretu. At the Metropolitan Museum of Art 2018. See fbdesigncom.com.
on Fifth Avenue. For more information, visit
metmuseum.org. Reimagine the Canals
Submission deadline: January 5, 2018
CCM, Inc.
Steven Holl-AIA/RIBA Keynote Lecture 2017 The New York Power Authority and New York
London State Canal Corporation are inviting design 2413 N. Main Street
December 12, 2017 proposals for infrastructure and new structures Fort Worth, TX 76164
Jointly hosted by the AIA UK and the Royal to further establish the state’s 524-mile canal 817-625-6200
Institute of British Architects, architect system as a tourist and recreation destination
www.buildcostcontrol.com
 dates&events
while simultaneously implementing sustainable and financially viable
systems. Submissions for the two-stage competition are open to inter-
national and multi-disciplinary teams. Details at canals.ny.gov/
reimagine/overview.html.
Reserve Space Now in the Next
Folly/Function 2018: Seats
Architectural Record Issue Submission deadline: January 8, 2018
This edition of the Architectural League’s annual design-build competi-
Classified Section tion asks designers and architects to submit design proposals for
movable single or double outdoor seating, which will be installed in
Promote: Socrates Sculpture Park in Queens, New York. Proposals must seat a
minimum of 25 people, using a $6,000 budget to fabricate, assemble,
• Job Opportunities • Books
and install the project. The winning design will open to the public in
• Consulting Services • Recruiting Services June 2018. More information at archleague.org/folly18.

• Official Proposals • Business Opportunities Architecture at Zero

Registration deadline: January 10, 2018
• Legal Notices • Professional Studies Open to students and professionals, Pacific Gas and Electric Company’s
competition invites design proposals for San Francisco State University’s
and more… estuary and ocean science center in Tiburon, California. Proposals
should include a site plan for the 53-acre plot and designs for two build-
To obtain Classified Advertising ings, the university’s education facility and visitors’ center, both of
which must meet zero net energy performance requirements. Details at
information please contact: architectureatzero.com.
Diane Soister at Tel: 646-849-7137
E-mail information two months in advance to
Email: [email protected]
[email protected].

Architectural Record
is always a click away.

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168 ARCHITECTURAL RECORD DECEMBER 2017
snapshot PROJECT
LOCATION
SITE SANTA FE
NEW MEXICO
ARCHITECT SHOP ARCHITECTS

founded in a disused beer warehouse in Santa Fe’s once-gritty Railyard District, SITE
opened in 1995 as the only international biennial of contemporary art in the U.S. It has
since evolved into a year-round destination for avant-garde works. But as the small
museum neared its 20th year, the facility no longer suited the vision of the
board and the new director, Irene Hofmann, so they invited New York–
based SHoP to transform it. The design team has created a seamless
expansion, adding a multifunction lobby, flexible galleries, stor-
age and office areas, and upgrading the HVAC. They also
built a rear courtyard bordered by an event space and
education lab. The main attraction, though, is the
bold perforated-aluminum prow that stretches
from the newly glazed entrance. Softly
lit by integrated LEDs, this silvery
marquee not only welcomes
passersby—it signals that
something exciting is
happening here.
Linda C. Lentz

P H O T O G R A P H Y: © J E F F G O L D B E R G / E S T O
2017 NTMA JOB OF THE YEAR
www.NTMA.com 800.323.9736

McCarran International Airport

Terminal 1 Baggage Claim & Ticketing
Las Vegas, NV
Architect: Doug Walton Architect

General Contractor: Sletten Construction of Nevada

Owner: Clark County Department of Aviation

Photographer: David Laudadio

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