CHAPTERTHREE

Met
hodol
ogy

3.
0Int
roduct
ion

Accor
ding t
o Boot
h(2008)
,resear
ch met
hodol
ogymaybe def
ined as a wayt
o
sy
stemat
ical
l
ysol
vet
her
esear
chpr
obl
em.Thi
ssect
ionpr
ovi
desadet
ail
edexpl
anat
ion
oft
hepr
ocedur
ether
esear
cherwi
l
luset
oar
ri
veatv
ari
ousconcl
usi
onsi
nthest
udy
.
Thi
schapt
erpr
esent
sthepr
ocessofdat
acol
l
ect
ionandanal
ysi
s.I
tal
soi
ncl
udest
he
r
esear
chdesi
gn,st
udypopul
ati
on,sampl
esi
ze,sampl
i
ngt
echni
quesandt
oolofdat
a
col
l
ect
ion.Rel
i
abi
l
ityandv
ali
dit
yofi
nst
rument
s,measur
ement
s,dat
aanal
ysi
sand
pr
esent
ati
onar
eal
socov
eredi
nthi
schapt
er.

3.
1Resear
chDesi
gn.
Accor
dingt
oKot
har
i(2004)
,resear
chdesi
gni
stheconcept
ualst
ruct
urewi
thi
nwhi
ch
t
her
esear
chi
sconduct
ed;i
tconst
it
utest
hebl
uepr
intf
ort
hecol
l
ect
ion,measur
ement
andanal
ysi
sofdat
a.I
tai
mst
otr
acet
hedi
rect
ioni
nwhi
cht
her
esear
chi
sempl
oyi
ngi
n
col
l
ect
ingdat
arel
evantt
othest
udy
.Resear
chdesi
gnai
medt
ofol
l
ow t
hedi
rect
ioni
n
whi
cht
her
esear
chi
sempl
oyedorcol
l
ect
ingdat
arel
evantt
ost
udy(
Cramer
,1990)
.Thi
s
st
udy adopt
ed a sur
vey st
udi
es based on quant
it
ati
ver
esear
ch appr
oach i
n
i
nvest
igat
ingt
her
oleofor
gani
zat
ionalst
ruct
uresi
nfi
rm per
for
mance(Dahabshi
lBank-
i
nMogadi
shu)Somal
i
a,Thest
udywasgui
dedbyar
esear
chsur
veydesi
gnbecauseof
v
ari
ouschar
act
eri
sti
csoft
hedi
ff
erentmanager
sandempl
oyeei
ndahabshi
lbanki
n
Mogadi
shu Somal
i
a,I
nquant
it
ati
ver
esear
ch,t
heai
mfort
her
esear
chi
stocl
assi
fy
f
eat
ures,countt
hem,andconst
ructst
ati
sti
calmodel
sinat
temptt
oexpl
ainwhati
s
obser
ved.
,Quant
it
ati
ver
esear
chgener
atesst
ati
sti
cst
hrought
heuseofl
arge-
scal
e
sur
veyr
esear
chusi
ngmet
hodssuchasquest
ionnai
resThi
sty
peofr
esear
chr
eaches
manymor
epeopl
e, so t
hatSur
vey
:Isamet
hodol
ogywhi
ch can usedi
ff
erent
i
nst
rument
s such as obser
vat
ion,i
nter
view,ora wr
it
ten l
i
stofquest
ions cal
l
ed
quest
ionnai
re.Sur
vey
ingi
sthepr
ocessofconduct
ingast
udyf
rom ar
epr
esent
ati
ve
sampl
eofspeci
fi
cpopul
ati
onSur
veyi
sar
esear
chmet
hodol
ogyt
oolt
hati
susedi
n
f
aci
l
itat
ing ast
udyofbi
g popul
ati
onsand geogr
aphi
cal
l
yscat
ter
ed sampl
es.I
tis
quant
it
ati
vel
yinnat
ure.I
tisusual
l
yusedwi
thquest
ionnai
resandscal
es;Thi
sdesi
gn
wassel
ect
edf
ort
hisst
udybecauset
hepopul
ati
onoft
hest
udyi
stoobi
g.i
tisef
fect
ive,
l
esscostandeasi
l
yaccessi
blef
orcol
l
ect
ingi
nfor
mat
ionf
rom t
het
argetpopul
ati
on,
Thusasur
veymet
hodol
ogyi
sanappr
opr
iat
e.Thi
sdesi
gnwasquant
it
ati
vebecausei
t
hel
pedensur
ethatdat
acol
l
ect
edwascr
it
ical
foranal
ysi
sanddescr
ipt
ivei
nter
pret
ati
on.
Dat
a has been col
l
ect
ed f
rom t
he admi
nist
rat
ive and non-
admi
nist
rat
ive st
affof
dahabshi
lbanki
nMogadi
shui
ncl
udi
ngt
opmanager
s,execut
ivemanager
s,super
visor
s
andst
affempl
oyees.

3.
2St
udyPopul
ati
on.
Thest
udywasconduct
edamong manager
sandempl
oyeesofdahabshi
lbanki
n
Mogadi
shu Thest
udypopul
ati
oni
ncl
udedt
headmi
nist
rat
iveandnon-
admi
nist
rat
ive
st
affofdahabshi
lbank i
ncl
udi
ngt
opmanager
s,execut
ivemanager
s,super
visor
sand
st
affempl
oyeeandheadsofbr
anchesoft
hecompany Thi
spopul
ati
oni
sinv
olv
edi
n
t
hedeci
sionmaki
ng,andset
ti
nggoal
sandi
mpl
ement
ati
onst
rat
egi
cmanagementof
t
hecompanyThest
udypopul
ati
onwas115manager
sand empl
oyeesi
ndahabshi
l
bank Fr
om t
heabov
epopul
ati
onofr
espondent
s,t
her
esear
cherconsul
tedt
heexper
ts
whohel
pedhi
m obt
ainanumberofper
manentmanager
sandempl
oyeesofdahabshi
l
banki
nMogadi
shu
3.
3Sampl
eSi
ze

Todet
ermi
net
headequat
erespondent
sfr
om t
het
otalnumberoft
argetpopul
ati
onand
av
oidunt
racedgener
ali
zat
ionandt
imewast
ing,i
tiswi
del
yaccept
edt
hatr
esear
cher
s
chooset
hesampl
i
ngt
echni
que,andt
hesampl
esi
zer
epr
esent
sthechar
act
eri
sti
csof
t
hewhol
epopul
ati
on(
repr
esent
ati
venessoft
hesampl
e).Sampl
i
ngi
seconomi
caland
pr
act
ical
;fast
erandcheaper
;itcany
iel
dmor
ecompr
ehensi
vei
nfor
mat
ion;i
tismor
e
accur
ate;andbecauseofsav
ingsi
tper
mit
sint
imeandmoney
.Thesampl
esur
vey
makespossi
blet
heuseofmuchl
argerandmuchmor
evar
iedpopul
ati
onst
hanwoul
d
bepossi
blef
ort
hesameexpendi
tur
eifonewer
emaki
ngacompl
eteenumer
ati
on.To
av
oidun-
gui
dedgener
ali
zat
ion,t
her
esear
cherchooset
osampl
e accor
dingt
o Ami
n
(
2005)
,who suggest
ed t
hatsampl
i
ng i
simpor
tanti
n sel
ect
ing el
ement
sfr
om a
popul
ati
oni
nsuchawayt
hatt
hesampl
eel
ement
ssel
ect
edr
epr
esentt
hepopul
ati
on.
Ther
esear
cherusedasampl
eof55r
espondent
sdr
awnf
rom t
hepopul
ati
onof115
per
manentmanager
sandempl
oyeesi
ndahabshi
lbanki
nMogadi
shuSomal
i
aincl
udi
ng
t
op manager
s,execut
ivemanager
s,super
visor
sand st
affempl
oyeeand headsof
br
anchesoft
hecompanyThesampl
ewasf
urt
herdr
awnf
rom t
hel
argepopul
ati
ondue
t
othef
actt
hatt
hisr
esear
chwaspur
elyacademi
candwast
obecol
l
ect
edi
nagi
ven
per
iodoft
ime

3.
4Sampl
ingTechni
que

A sampl
eis a smal
l
er(
buthopef
ull
yrepr
esent
ati
ve)col
l
ect
ion ofuni
tsf
rom a
popul
ati
onusedt
odet
ermi
net
rut
hsaboutt
hatpopul
ati
on(
Fiel
d,2005)Thei
mpor
tance
oft
hesampl
i
ngpr
ocessi
scr
uci
albecauseofeaseofobt
aini
ngt
hem andt
hef
actt
hat
t
hey coul
d bestpr
ovi
de t
he needed i
nfor
mat
ion on t
he st
udy
. I
n quant
it
ati
ve
r
esear
ches,i
tisbel
i
evedt
hati
fthesampl
eiscar
eful
l
yobt
ained,i
tist
henpossi
blet
o
gener
ali
zet
her
esul
tst
othewhol
epopul
ati
onassuggest
edbyAmi
n(2005)
.The
f
oll
owi
ngt
echni
quewasappl
i
edt
odet
ermi
nesampl
esi
ze.

3.
4.1Random sampl
ingt
echni
que.Ther
esear
cherwi
l
luser
andom sampl
i
ng
whi
chi
sasampl
i
ngmet
hodi
nwhi
chal
lmember
sofagr
ouphav
eanequaland
i
ndependentchanceofbei
ngsel
ect
ed(
Dawson,2002)
.Thi
stechni
quewasappl
i
edon
t
headmi
nist
rat
iveandnonadmi
nist
rat
ivest
affofdahabshi
lbanki
nMogadi
shuSomal
i
a.
The r
esear
cherchose t
his sampl
i
ng t
echni
que because i
tal
l
ows si
mpl
i
cit
y and
assur
ancet
hatt
hepopul
ati
onwasequal
l
ysampl
ed.Thi
swi
l
lal
sobedonet
oensur
ea
pr
opor
ti
onat
edi
str
ibut
ionofr
espondent
sfr
om di
ff
erentsect
ors.Ther
esear
cherwi
l
l
usesi
mpl
erandom sampl
i
ng t
echni
queswher
eli
stsofper
manentmanager
sand
empl
oyeeswer
eobt
ained t
hroughwhi
chempl
oyeesi
ndi
ff
erentdepar
tment
swer
e
r
andoml
ychosen.

3.
5Dat
aCol
lect
ionI
nst
rument

Thecol
l
ect
ionofdat
aint
hisst
udyf
all
sint
otwocat
egor
ies:pr
imar
yandsecondar
yas
wi
del
yrecogni
zed i
n quant
it
ati
ver
esear
ches.Pr
imar
y dat
ainv
olv
ed i
nfor
mat
ion
col
l
ect
ed byt
her
esear
cherdi
rect
lyt
hroughi
nst
rumentsuchasquest
ionnai
re;t
he
pr
imar
ydat
a col
l
ect
ion met
hod expl
ored t
he or
igi
nal
i
tyofdat
athr
ough gat
her
ing
i
nfor
mat
ionr
elev
antt
othest
udy
.Thi
sdat
awassuppl
ement
edwi
thsecondar
ydat
a
whi
chi
sbasi
cal
l
ypr
imar
ydat
acol
l
ect
edbysomeoneel
set
obeobt
ainedf
rom r
ecor
ds,
i
nter
net
,textbooks,andot
hermat
eri
alsasf
oundhel
pfult
othest
udy
.Ther
esear
cher
used pr
imar
y and secondar
y dat
a col
l
ect
ion because pr
imar
y dat
a pr
ovi
des t
he
r
esear
cherwi
tht
hemostaccur
ateandup-
to-
dat
edat
a.Andt
hesecondar
ydat
ais
easi
erandl
essexpensi
vet
ocol
l
ectwhi
chsel
dom asusef
ulandaccur
ateaspr
imar
y.
Thi
ski
ndofdat
acol
l
ect
ionmet
hodwasal
soi
mpor
tantt
othest
udyespeci
all
yint
he
l
i
ter
atur
erev
iewandchapt
erf
iveoft
hisst
udy
.

3.
5.1 Quest
ionnai
re. Accor
ding t
o Ami
n(2005)a quest
ionnai
rei
s a car
eful
l
y
desi
gnedi
nst
rumentf
orcol
l
ect
ingdat
ainaccor
dancewi
tht
hespeci
fi
cat
ionsoft
he
r
esear
chquest
ionsandhy
pot
hesi
s.I
tconsi
stsofasetofquest
ionst
owhi
cht
he
subj
ectr
espondsi
nwr
it
ing. Quest
ionnai
resal
l
owr
espondent
sthet
imet
othi
nkabout
quest
ions whi
ch r
esul
tin mor
e meani
ngf
ul answer
s. The quest
ionnai
re was
admi
nist
ered on t
he abov
e gr
oup as t
hey ar
eli
ter
ate and can r
ead and wr
it
e.
Quest
ionnai
res wer
e chosen because oft
hei
rabi
l
ityt
oreduce anybi
as and t
he
col
l
ect
ionofaut
hent
icdat
aimpor
tantf
ordat
aanal
ysi
s.Ther
esear
cherwi
l
lbeuse
cl
osedendedquest
ionnai
resai
medatt
est
ingt
heef
fect
sofor
gani
zat
ionalst
ruct
uresi
n
f
ir
m per
for
mance(
Dahabshi
lBanki
nMogadi
shu)Ther
efor
e,t
hesel
ect
ionoft
hist
ool
wi
l
lbegui
dedbyt
heobj
ect
iveoft
hest
udy
,thet
imeav
ail
abl
e,andt
henat
ureofdat
awi
l
l
becol
l
ect
ed I
tisan i
mper
sonali
nst
rumentf
orcol
l
ect
ing i
nfor
mat
ion and must
,
t
her
efor
econt
aincl
earquest
ions,
wor
dedassi
mpl
easpossi
blet
oav
oidanyconf
usi
on
orambi
gui
tysi
ncet
her
esear
cherpr
obabl
ywi
l
lnotbepr
esentt
oexpl
ainwhatwas
meantbyanyonepar
ti
cul
arquest
ion.Thi
stechni
queofdat
acol
l
ect
ioni
saqui
te
popul
arand l
ow costev
en when t
he uni
ver
se i
slar
ge and i
s wi
del
y spr
ead
geogr
aphi
cal
l
y(Kot
har
i2004)
.Al
so t
he r
esear
chersubmi
tt
ed t
he quest
ionnai
ret
o
r
espondent
swhower
eexpect
edt
oreadandunder
standt
hequest
ionsandwr
it
edown
t
he r
epl
yint
he space meantf
ort
he pur
pose i
nthe quest
ionnai
rei
tsel
f. The
quest
ionnai
rewi
l
lbedel
i
ver
edanddi
str
ibut
edt
orespondent
sandr
esear
cher wi
l
l
adv
iset
opi
ckt
hem af
terday
swhent
her
espondent
scompl
etedt
hef
il
li
ngpr
ocess.

3.
6Dat
aqual
it
ycont
rol
Accor
dingt
oKot
har
i(2004)dat
aqual
i
tycont
roli
sthepr
ocessofcont
rol
l
ingt
heusage
ofdat
awi
thknownqual
i
tymeasur
ement
.Thi
ssect
ioni
simpor
tanti
npr
esent
ingt
he
v
ali
dit
yandr
eli
abi
l
itymeasur
esempl
oyedi
ncont
rol
l
ingdat
atobegener
atedt
hrough
quest
ionnai
res

3.
6.1Val
idi
tyoft
hei
nst
rument

Accor
dingt
oJoppe(
2000)
,val
i
dit
ydet
ermi
neswhet
hert
her
esear
cht
rul
ymeasur
es
t
hatwhi
chi
twasi
ntendedt
omeasur
eorhowt
rut
hfult
her
esear
chr
esul
tsar
e.I
not
her
wor
ds,doest
her
esear
chi
nst
rumental
l
owy
out
ohi
t“t
hebul
l’
sey
e”ofy
ourr
esear
ch
obj
ect
?AsAmi
n(2005)ar
guesv
ali
dit
yref
erst
otheabi
l
ityofani
nst
rumentt
opr
oduce
f
indi
ngs t
hatar
ein agr
eementwi
tht
heor
eti
calorconcept
ualv
alues orabi
l
ityt
o
measur
ewhati
tismeantt
omeasur
e.Accor
dingt
oSt
ri
ckl
andet
.al(
2011)
,Accor
ding
t
oJoppe(
2000)
,ast
udyi
ssai
dtobev
ali
dwhenr
esul
tscanbegener
ali
zedt
othe
popul
ati
on and t
he st
udyr
eal
l
yinv
est
igat
es t
he pr
oposed r
esear
ch quest
ions.I
n
addi
ti
on t
othe abov
e qual
i
tycont
rol
,the r
esear
cherensur
ed t
hati
tems i
n each
i
nst
rumentar
eev
aluat
edt
oensur
ethei
rrel
evancet
othest
udy
.Toknowt
hev
ali
dit
yof
t
hei
nst
rument
s,cont
entv
ali
dit
ywasusedt
oensur
ethatt
hecont
entcor
respondst
othe
cont
entoft
heconcept
ualf
ramewor
k.I
nor
dert
oensur
ethatt
het
ool
stobeusedar
e
v
ali
d,t
her
esear
chercar
ri
edoutapr
etestoft
hequest
ionnai
reonf
ew r
espondent
s.I
n
addi
ti
onal
i
nkwasest
abl
i
shedbet
weent
heobj
ect
ivesandt
ool
sfordat
acol
l
ect
ion.I
n
or
dert
oensur
econt
entv
ali
dit
y,t
hedat
acol
l
ect
ioni
nst
rument
swasconst
ruct
edi
n
suchawayt
hatt
heyhadadequat
enumberofi
temsandeachi
tem orquest
ionont
he
scal
ehadl
i
nkt
otheobj
ect
ivesoft
hest
udy
.
3.
6.2Rel
iabi
l
ityoft
hei
nst
rument
.
Rel
i
abi
l
ityr
efer
stot
heconsi
stencyi
nwhi
chaser
iesofmeasur
ement
sar
edonedur
ing
t
heanal
ysi
sandi
nter
pret
ati
onofr
esponses(
Ami
n2005)
.Rel
i
abi
l
ityr
efer
stot
hedegr
ee
t
owhi
chi
nst
rumentconsi
stent
lymeasur
eswhati
ssupposedt
obemeasur
e.Accor
ding
t
oAmi
n(2005)t
hei
nst
rument
sar
eassumedt
ober
eli
abl
eift
heypr
oducet
hesame
r
esul
tswhenev
ert
heyar
erepeat
edl
yusedt
omeasur
equal
i
tyorconceptf
rom t
hesame
r
espondent
sbyt
her
esear
cherorev
enbyot
herr
esear
cher
s.Ther
efor
e,t
o ensur
e
r
eli
abi
l
ityt
hequest
ionnai
resgui
deswer
eanal
yzedbyt
hesuper
visorpr
e-t
est
edand
quest
ions modi
fi
ed unt
ilt
he ex
pect
ed cor
recti
nter
pret
ati
on and r
esponses wer
e
r
eached.Ther
eli
abi
l
ityoft
hequest
ionnai
rewast
est
edusi
ngt
heCr
onbach’
sal
pha
coef
fi
cient
.Ther
eli
abi
l
ityoft
hequest
ionsusedt
ocol
l
ectdat
afort
heanal
ysi
soft
he
r
oleofor
gani
zat
ionalst
ruct
uresi
nfi
rm per
for
mance(
Dahabshi
lbank-
inMogadi
shu)
was0.
7637,
whi
chi
saccept
abl
e.Thi
sindi
cat
est
hatt
hequest
ionnai
rewasdependabl
e.
Ami
nar
guest
hatameasur
eisconsi
der
edr
eli
abl
eifi
twoul
dgi
veust
hesamer
esul
t
ov
erandov
eragai
n;t
her
efor
ether
esear
cherwasabl
etov
eri
fyt
her
eli
abi
l
ityoft
he
i
nst
rumentdesi
gnedf
ort
hest
udy
.

3.
7Dat
aPr
ocessi
ngandAnal
ysi
s
Dat
afr
om t
hequest
ionnai
resur
veywi
l
lbeanal
yzedusi
ngt
hest
ati
sti
calpackagef
or
Soci
alSci
ence(
SPSS)
.SPSSi
sacomput
erpr
ogr
am usedf
orsur
veyaut
hor
ing,dat
a
mi
ningandst
ati
sti
calanal
ysi
s.Ther
esear
cherwi
l
luset
hatpr
ogr
am becauseofi
ts
conv
eni
enceandi
tissi
mpl
etoolt
hatwasav
ail
abl
efort
her
esear
cher
.Sev
eralst
eps
wi
l
lbet
akeni
nthedat
aanal
ysi
sst
art
ingwi
thdat
acl
eani
ngandscr
eeni
ng,r
esponse
r
ateandpr
ofi
l
eanal
ysi
s.Hence,
Descr
ipt
iveanal
ysi
swi
l
lbeused,
Descr
ipt
iveanal
ysi
sis
def
inedast
heuseofmeasur
esofcent
ralt
endenci
essuchasmean,
medi
anandmode,
andmeasur
esofdi
sper
sionsuchasr
ange,
standar
ddev
iat
ionandv
ari
ancet
odescr
ibe
agr
oupofsubj
ect
s.Thus,t
her
esul
toft
hisanal
ysi
srepr
esent
stheexactf
indi
ngsof
t
hisst
udy Accor
dingt
othequest
ionnai
redat
acodi
ngwasent
eredi
ntabl
esand
f
igur
es.Thedat
awaspr
esent
edi
ntabl
est
omakeeasyandcr
it
ical
l
yanal
yzet
her
oleof
or
gani
zat
ional
str
uct
uresi
nfi
rm per
for
mance(
Dahabshi
lBanki
nMogadi
shu)somal
i
a

3.
8AccessandEt
hicalConsi
der
ati
ons
Tocar
ryoutt
hisst
udy
,ther
esear
chermustbehav
eet
hical
l
yandconf
ident
ial
l
y,t
hus,
the
dat
acol
l
ect
edwi
l
lbekeptconf
ident
ialandwi
l
lbeexcl
usi
vel
yusedf
ort
hepur
poseof
t
he gr
aduat
ion pr
ojectst
udyt
hatwi
l
lbe submi
tt
ed i
n par
ti
alf
ulf
il
lment
s oft
he
r
equi
rement
sfort
hedegr
eei
nbachel
orofbusi
nessadmi
nist
rat
ion.Ther
esear
cher
obt
ainedconsentofaccessandt
hatofeachr
espondentaf
terf
ulldi
scl
osur
eoft
he
pur
pose,nat
ure and benef
it
s oft
he st
udywhi
l
e al
l
owi
ng par
ti
cipant
sto askany
per
ti
nent quest
ions. Conf
ident
ial
i
ty of i
nfor
mat
ion gi
ven was assur
ed t
o t
he
r
espondent
sther
espondent
swi
l
lbei
nfor
medaboutoft
hecont
ent
sandt
heai
msoft
he
r
esear
chpr
iort
oadmi
nist
rat
ionofanyi
nst
rument
.Thi
sresear
chwi
l
lful
l
yconduct
et
hical
l
yandal
lcopy
right
swi
l
lbeav
oidi
ngi
t.

3.
9Li
mit
ati
onoft
heSt
udy

The r
esear
ch wi
l
l hav
e some l
i
mit
ati
ons t
hat hav
e l
i
sted bel
ow:
Somej
our
nal
s,magazi
nesandbooksneedst
obepur
chasedonl
i
ne,t
hiswer
ebar
ri
ert
o
getaccesst
other
equi
redi
nfor
mat
ion.Ther
eisnosuf
fi
cientaccessofr
esour
ces,cost
,
t
imeandl
ackofl
i
brar
iesanddocument
ati
oncant
ersi
nthet
own.Lackofsomeof
r
eli
abl
einf
ormat
ionabouthow t
ogetandaccesssomecompani
esi
nMogadi
shut
o
obt
ainr
equi
redi
nfor
mat
ionandt
her
ear
enowr
it
tenaboutt
hem