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Intervals & Chords

This document discusses intervals, triads, and four-part chords. It provides examples of common intervals and their associated jazz standards. Triads are introduced as major, minor, diminished, augmented, sus2, and sus4. Four-part chords are then presented as major 7, minor 7, dominant 7, minor 7b5, minor major 7, major 7#5, diminished 7, and dim major 7. Practice exercises are suggested to develop familiarity with these chords.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
323 views

Intervals & Chords

This document discusses intervals, triads, and four-part chords. It provides examples of common intervals and their associated jazz standards. Triads are introduced as major, minor, diminished, augmented, sus2, and sus4. Four-part chords are then presented as major 7, minor 7, dominant 7, minor 7b5, minor major 7, major 7#5, diminished 7, and dim major 7. Practice exercises are suggested to develop familiarity with these chords.

Uploaded by

pawn20035631
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

CHAPTER ONE

INTERVALS AND THREE-PART CHORDS

Intervals

This book presumes that the student already has a grasp on basic intervals and triads.
One should be able to recognize intervals when played harmonically (both notes
played simultaneously) and melodically (the notes played in succession – up or down).

It may be helpful to associate these intervals with jazz standards or other compositions
that you are familiar with (see example 1).

Example 1

Ascending: “Invitation” “There Will Never Be Another You” “Alone Together”


Descending: “Stella by Starlight” “Don’t Get Around Much Anymore” “Girl from Ipanema”

minor 2nd major 2nd minor 3rd

& b ww b ww
ww

Ascending: “I Loves You Porgy” “The Nearness of You” “Isotope”


Descending: “If I Were a Bell” “Three Little Words” “Blue Seven”

major 3rd Perfect 4th aug. 4th/dim. 5th/tritone

& w ww # ww b ww
w

Ascending: “Everything Happens to Me” “Manha de Carnaval” “Days of Wine and Roses”
Descending: “Softly As in a Morning Sunrise” “No More Blues” “Take the ‘A’ Train” (2nd interval)
(bridge)

Perfect 5th minor 6th major 6th

& ww bw w
w w

Ascending: “I’ll Close My Eyes” “Ceora” “Blue Bossa”


Descending: “Watermelon Man” “I Love You” “Willow Weep for Me”

minor 7th major 7th Perfect octave

& b ww w w
w w

8
The Ears Have Walls
I – Intervals and Three-Part Chords

Try to come up with your own “reference tunes” for each ascending and descending
interval.

Example 2: Practice Grid for Intervals and Three-Part Chords

& w bw bw w #w
w bw w

& Nw bw w w w
bw w #w

& bw #w Nw bw w
w w #w

& w w bw #w
w bw bw w

Try singing each interval within an octave above and below each note in the Interval
Practice Grid. Adjust the octave as needed.

Disc 1, Track 1 contains fifty random intervals within an octave. Each interval is played
solid, ascending, and descending. After a brief pause, the answer is given. Test your-
self! Start the track at different points to avoid memorizing the order of intervals.

9
The Ears Have Walls
I – Intervals and Three-Part Chords

Three-Part Chords

You should be familiar with each of the following types of three-part chords (triads):

major minor diminished

www min 3rd maj 3rd min 3rd


& P. 5th
maj 3rd
P. 5th b www min 3rd
dim. 5th b b www min 3rd

augmented sus2 sus4

# ww maj 3rd www P. 4th maj 2nd


& aug. 5th w P. 5th
maj 2nd
P. 5th www
maj 3rd P. 4th

Practice each type of triad, using the “Practice Grid” in each of the following ways:

E. g. Using the first note of the “Practice Grid” for a major triad:

a) from the root (Dmaj) b) from the 3rd (Bbmaj) c) from the 5th (Gmaj)

& œ #œ ˙ œ œ œ
b˙ œ ˙

Disc 1, Track 2 contains thirty random three-part chords. They are played solid, then
arpeggiated up and down, then after a brief pause, the answer is given.

10
The Ears Have Walls
CHAPTER TWO
FOUR-PART CHORDS, DIATONIC MELODY

Once you can sing and hear each type of triad, you are ready to begin working on mas-
tering the same skills using four-part chords. Try to hear the triad that is the founda-
tion of each four-part chord. Arpeggiate each chord on your instrument in every key.
Practice singing up and down each four-note chord using the “Practice Grid” on the
next page.

Here are the nine four-part chords commonly used by jazz musicians:

major 7 (Cmaj7, CΔ, CΔ7, CM7, etc.) minor 7 (Cmin7, C–7, Cm7, etc.) dominant 7 (C7)

& www b b wwww


b www
w w
major triad with major 7th minor triad with minor 7th major triad with minor 7th

minor 7 b5 (Cmin7(b5), Cø, Cm7-5, etc.) minor major 7 (Cmin(ma7), C–Δ7, etc.) major 7 #5 (Cmaj7(#5), CΔ7#5, CM7+5, etc.)

& b b b wwww w
b www # wwww
diminished triad with minor 7th minor triad with major 7th augmented triad with major 7th

diminished 7 (Co7) dim major 7 (Comaj7, CoΔ7, CoM7, etc.) dominant 7 sus 4 (C7sus)

& b b ∫ wwww b b wwww b www


w
diminished triad with diminished 7th diminished triad with major 7th sus4 triad with minor 7th

The chord symbols given with each chord are those most commonly found in jazz lit-
erature. From this point on, however, we will adhere to a consistent spelling.

Disc 1, Track 3 is comprised of 50 random four-part chords. They are played solid, then
arpeggiated. After a brief pause, the answer is given. Again, try starting the track at dif-
ferent points to avoid memorizing the order.

Try making your own practice recording.

11
The Ears Have Walls
II – Four-Part Chords, Diatonic Melody

Sight-Singing One (diatonic major)

1 | Medium Swing

GΔ A –7 D7 GΔ D 7 sus D7

c
#
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ‰ œ œ
œ œ œ œ Œ
& œ œ œ ˙ œ ˙.

9
5 B –7 CΔ D 7 sus D7 G6
# œ œ œ œ œ œ œ j j
& ‰ J
J œ œ. œ œ œ œ œ œ œ w

2 | Medium Latin

DΔ B –7 E –7 A7 DΔ B –7 E –7 A7
#
& #c œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ
œ œ ˙ ‰ œ œ œ

9
5 GΔ F # –7 B7 E –7 A7 D6

&
## œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ ‰ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙. Œ

3 | Jazz Waltz

AΔ E 7 sus AΔ E 7 sus
### 3 œ œ œ j
& 4 œ œ ‰ œJ ‰ œJ œ. J œ œ ‰ œJ ‰ œ ˙ .

5 AΔ E 7 sus AΔ E 7 sus
### ‰ j œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ‰ œ œ œ œ œ ‰ œj .
& œ œ J ˙

9 AΔ E 7 sus AΔ E 7 sus
###
& ‰ œj œ œ ‰ œJ œ. œ œ œ
J œ œ ‰ œ ‰ œ
J J ˙.

13 DΔ E 7 sus B –7 E 7 sus A 69
### ‰ j œ œ œ œ ‰ œj œ œ œ
& œ œ œ œ œ œ ‰ Jœ ˙.

13
The Ears Have Walls
II – Four-Part Chords, Diatonic Melody

Rhythm One

This rhythm is based on Charlie Parker’s “Perhaps” (head and two choruses).

medium swing

&c Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û ‰ Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Ó ‰ Û Û Û
J J

& Û ‰ Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û. Û Û ‰ Û ‰ Û ‰ Û Û Û Û Û Û. Û
J J J J J J

& Û ‰ Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û. Û Û ‰ Û Û ‰ Û Û ÛÛÛ Û Û Û Û Û
J J J J

13

& Û Û Û Ó Û ÛÛÛ Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û ÛÛÛÛÛ Û Û Û

17

& Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Ó Œ ‰ ÛÛ Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û

21

& Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Œ ÛÛÛÛÛ Û Û Ó ÛÛ ÛŒ Ó ‰ Û Û Û
3 3

25

& Û ÛÛÛÛ Û Û Û Û ‰ Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û
J
3

29

& Û Û Û Û Û Œ Ó Œ ‰ Û ÛÛÛÛ Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û ÛÛÛ Û


J
3

33

& Û Û Û Û Û | Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û Û ∑
3

20
The Ears Have Walls
III – Modes, Chord Progressions and Rhythm

4 | Modal Solo, D and Eb Dorian

A
medium swing D –7
œ œ œ œ œ Œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ
&c J Œ Ó ‰ œ œ œ

5
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
& œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ Œ

9
˙ œ
& œ œ œ Œ œ œ œ œ œ. œ œ
J œ œ ˙. Œ

13
j œ œ œ œ
& Œ œ œ œ. œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙. Œ

B
17 E b –7
œ . bœ œ bœ bœ œ Œ bœ œ bœ bœ œ . bœ œ bœ œ œ ˙. Œ
& J J

21
j bœ
& ‰ œ bœ bœ œ . b œ bœ bœ bœ œ œ œ œ . bœ bœ bœ
J bœ œ ˙ Ó

C
25 D –7
œ. œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
& ‰ œ œ œ œ
J
Œ œ œ ˙. Œ

29
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙
& ‰ œ œ œ

26
The Ears Have Walls
IV – Ninth Chords, Melodic Minor and Modes of Melodic Minor

3 | F and Eb Lydian Augmented


Jazz waltz
FΔ 5
#
3 j œ œ #œ œ œ Œ
& 4 œ. œ œ œ œ #œ œ œ œ œ ˙

& #œ
œ œ œ œ œ œ #œ œ œ œ Œ
œ œ #œ œ ˙

E bΔ 5
#
9

& ‰ œj œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ‰ j œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
œ œ œ

FΔ 5
#
13

& œ œ #œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
œ #˙ . ˙.

4 | Ab and Gb Lydian Augmented

slow, even 8ths


A bΔ 5
#

& c œ. j j j ‰ œ bœ bœ ˙. Œ
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ

G bΔ 5
#
5
j
& bœ . j j
œ œ bœ œ bœ bœ bœ œ ˙ ‰ bœ
œ bœ bœ bœ œ ˙. Œ

A bΔ 5
#
9
j
& œ. œ œ œ œ ˙. œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ w

50
The Ears Have Walls
V – Harmonic Minor

3 | Eb Harmonic Minor

medium swing
E b –Δ
? b b b c nœ œ œ œ ˙ œ ‰ Jœ œ œ ‰ œ œ œ œ ˙ ˙. Œ
bbb J

5 nœ œ œ . œ œ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ œ œ
? bbb ‰ J J ‰ nœ w
bbb

4 | F and E Harmonic Minor

medium Latin
F –Δ
j˙ œ œ œ bœ œ œ œ bœ
& c bœ œ ‰ œ b œ b œ œ œ ‰ œj ‰ œj w

5
œ œ œ œ ˙ œ œ bœ œ ‰ bœ ‰ j
& ‰ œ œ bœ bœ œ bœ J
bœ ˙ . Œ

9 E –Δ
j ‰ j
& #œ . œ ˙ œ œ # œ œ # œ œ œ #œ œ ‰ œ ˙ ˙. Œ

13
j
& œ œ œ œ œ. œ œ œ œ #œ œ . j
œ # œ œ œ œ ‰ # œj ‰ œj w

17 F –Δ

& œ bœ œ œ ˙ œ œ œ œ bœ bœ œ œ œ œ œ œ ‰ b œj ‰ œj ˙.
Œ

21
j œ b œ b œ œ œj j
& œ bœ œ bœ œ . œ bœ œ œ œ ˙ œ œ w

63
The Ears Have Walls
VI – Chords to the 11th, Bop Scales

MAJOR II V I EXAMPLES
medium swing
1) D –7 G7 CΔ
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ #œ œ œ nœ œ œ
&c œ œ œ œ œ ‰ J ‰ œ ‰ œJ ˙ .

2) B b–7 E b7 A bΔ
bb œ œœ
& b b c nœ bœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ‰ œJ œ œ
œ œ œ œ œ
œ w
3

3) C –7 F7 B bΔ
b œ nœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ bœ nœ bœ œ œ
&b c œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ w

4) A –7 D7 œ GΔ œ œ œ #œ œ w
œ
? #c ‰ J œ œ œ œ œ œ #œ nœ œ œ œ œ œ œ
œ
3

5) E –7 A7 DΔ
# œ œ œ œ œ œ #œ œ
& # c œ œ œ #œ nœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ #œ w
œ

6) C –7 F7 B bΔ
b b c œ nœ œ œ bœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœ œ œ w
& œ œ
3

7) E b –7 A b7 D bΔ
? bb c œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ nœ bœ œ
œ œ œ
bbb œ œ nœ bœ œ w

8) D –7 3
G7 CΔ œ œ œ
3
œ bœ œ œ œ œ œ
c ‰ j œ œ œ œ œ œ w
& œ œœœœœœ œ
3
3

9)
C –7 F7 B bΔ œ
b
& b c Œ œ nœ bœ œ œ œ œ œ œ nœ œ œ œ œ œ œ œœœ œ œ œ w
3

72
The Ears Have Walls
Chapter 7 – Chords to the 13th, Diminished Scales

G bΔ 11
A b –7 D b7 alt.
#
6)
bb
& b b b b c œ œ œ œ œ ‰ Jœ œ nœ œ œ
nœ nœ œ œ bœ bœ œ bœ
nœ œ œ w

7) B –9 E 7 alt. AΔ œ œ ˙.
œ œ nœ œ #œ œ
? ### c œ œ œ œ Œ nœ œ #œ œ nœ œ œ # œ # œ œ œ œ

8) C –7 F 7 alt. B bΔ
3
b œ bœ œ bœ bœ bœ nœ nœ bœ œ
& b c #œ œ œ nœ œ ‰ J œ #œ œ œ œ
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙.
3

Minor II V I Diminished Whole-Tone Scale Examples


medium swing

1) Dø G 7 alt. C –Δ
3
b œ œ œ
& b b c œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ nœ bœ œ œ œ œ œ nœ œ œ œ n œ œ œ œ nœ ˙

2) Eø A 7 alt. D –7

& bc œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ bœ œ œ œ œ #œ nœ œ œ œ œ
œ œ w

3) F #ø B 7 alt. E –Δ
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
? # c œ œ œ œ œJ œ J #œ
œ œ œ œ œ
œ #œ #œ w

4) G #ø C # 7 alt. F # –Δ
3
### c œ œ œ œ œ #œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
& œ œ
J œ œ œ #œ œ #œ #œ w

5) Bø E 7 alt. A –7
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ bœ œ œ #œ nœ œ œ œ
?c œ œ œ œ #œ w
‰ J œ œ œ œ œ
3 3

6) C #ø F # 7 alt. B –Δ
## c
œ œ œ œ ‰ # œj ‰ œj ‰ œ œ œ n œ # œ n œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ #œ œ
& w

88
The Ears Have Walls
Chapter 8 – Whole-Tone, Whole-Half Diminished and Augmented Scales

Augmented Example Two

Jazz waltz
GΔ 5 C Δ 5/B
# #
3 j j ‰ # œj n œ # œ œ œ
& 4 œ. #œ œ œ #œ nœ #œ #œ œ œ. #œ œ
13
GΔ 5 F # 7 11
# F # 7 sus
#
5

& œ. j #œ nœ œ
#œ œ œ œ #œ #˙ . ˙ Œ

FΔ 5 E7 9
# #
9

& œ. j
œ œ œ #œ œ œ #œ œ œ œ nœ œ œ ‰ # œj œ œ

E bΔ 5 D 7 9 11
# D 13 sus
b #
13
j
& œ. œ œ œ bœ œ œ bœ œ n˙ . ˙.

GΔ 5 B 7 sus 9
# b
17
3
j #œ nœ œ bœ œ j ‰ # œj œ œ œ
& œ. #œ œ œ #œ . œ œ Œ

GΔ 5
# F # 13 sus F # 7 alt.
21

& œ.
j
#œ œ ‰ œj œ # œ n œ œ #˙ . ˙.

FΔ 5
# E 7 alt.
25

& œ. j #œ nœ œ œ nœ œ
œ œ œ œ œ #œ ˙.

E bΔ 5
# D 7 sus
29

& œ œ œ œ œ bœ œ œ bœ œ n˙ . œ œ œ

33 G –9
U
& œ. j
œ œ ˙. ˙.

123
The Ears Have Walls
Chapter 9 – Upper Structure Voicings, Pentatonics

Pentatonic Example Six


medium swing
C Δ 11 D b Δ 11
# #
?c œ œ #œ œ . œ #œ
œ bœ œ œ œ œ œ bœ œ œ Œ
J œ œ ˙ ‰

A b Δ 11
B b –7 E b7 alt.
#
5 œ bœ bœ bœ œ œ œ nœ #œ œ œ œ œ bœ bœ œ œ œ
? ‰ œ œ œ ˙. Œ

C 7 alt.
F Δ 11
G –7
#
9
bœ bœ bœ œ œ bœ œ
? ‰ œ œ œ œ œ œ bœ œ œ œ œ nœ œ œ ˙. Œ

A –7 D 7 alt. E b –7 A b7 D –7 G 7 sus
13 œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ bœ bœ bœ œ œ bœ bœ bœ œ œ œ nœ nœ œ œ œ œ œ œ
? bœ bœ

C Δ 11 D bΔ 11
# #
17
? #œ œ œ œ ˙. œ bœ œ œ œ ˙.
œ œ Œ ‰ œ Œ

G b7 11 F 7 11
B b –7 E b7 sus E b7
# #
21 bœ œ œ bœ œ
? Œ bœ bœ œ œ bœ œ bœ œ ˙ ‰ bœ bœ
œ
‰ œ œ œ
œ

25 Dø G 7 alt. E –7 A 7 alt.
œ œ œ œ bœ œ œ . œ
? Œ bœ bœ œ œ œ bœ œ bœ œ bœ œ œ nœ nœ œ œ œ œ
J

G 7 alt.
C Δ 11
D –7
#
29 œ œ œ œ bœ bœ bœ bœ œ . œ
? œ œ œ œ œ
J œ œ œ œ œ œ œ #w

139
The Ears Have Walls
Appendix

1-4 | Medium Swing


FΔ G –7 C7 FΔ
œ œ œ j j j
& bc œ œ œ œ œ. œ ˙ œ. œ œ. œ
J œ. œ œ Œ

9
5 FΔ B b7 A –7 D –7 G –7 C 7 sus F6
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
&b ‰ œ œ œ œ. J Œ œ œ œ œ œ ˙. Œ

1-5 | Medium Swing


EΔ C # –7 F # –7 B7 F # –7 B7 EΔ
#### ‰ œ œ œ œ
& c œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ Œ
œ œ œ ˙. œ œ

####
&

148
The Ears Have Walls
Appendix

CHORD PROGRESSION ONE


Disc 2, Track 25

Uses a II V to the relative minor and a passing diminished chord.

B bΔ Aø D7 G –7 F –7 B b7

& bb c

5 E bΔ D –7 G7 C7 C –7 B7

& bb

9 B bΔ Aø A b7 G –7 C7 C #o 7
b
&b

13 D –7 G7 C –7 F7 B bΔ B bΔ
b
&b

CHORD PROGRESSION TWO


Disc 2, Track 26

Uses a II V to III minor and introduces bIIΔ7.

GΔ F #ø B7 E –7 D –7 G7
#c
&

5 CΔ C #ø F #7 B –7 E7 A –7 D7
#
&

9 GΔ B7 CΔ C –7 F7
#
&

13 B –7 B b7 A –7 D7 A bΔ GΔ
#
&

165
The Ears Have Walls

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