Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) is an Indian conglomerate holding

company headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Reliance owns businesses across

India engaged in energy, petrochemicals, textiles, natural resources, retail, and
telecommunications. Reliance is the most profitable company in India,[4] the largest publicly
traded company in India by market capitalization,[5] and the second largest company in India
as measured by revenue after the government-controlled Indian Oil Corporation.[6] The
company is ranked 215th on the Fortune Global 500 list of the world's biggest corporations
as of 2016.[7] It is ranked 8th among the Top 250 Global Energy Companies by Platts as of
2016. Reliance continues to be India’s largest exporter accounting for 8% of India’s total
merchandise exports with a value of Rs 147,755 crore and access to markets in 108
countries.[8]Reliance is responsible for almost 5% of The Government of India’s total
revenues from customs and excise duty and is also the highest Income tax payer in the private
sector in India.[9]

Contents
[hide]

 1History
o 1.11960–1980
o 1.21981–2000
o 1.32001 onwards
 2Shareholding
o 2.1Listing
 3Operations
o 3.1Major subsidiaries and associates
 4Employees
 5Awards and recognition
 6Controversies
o 6.1De-merger of RIL in 2005–2006
o 6.2Relationship with ONGC
 7See also
 8References
 9External links

History[edit]
1960–1980[edit]
The company was co-founded by Dhirubhai Ambani and his brother Ramnikbhai Damani in
1960s as Reliance Commercial Corporation. In 1965, the partnership ended and Dhirubhai
continued the polyester business of the firm.[10] In 1966, Reliance Textiles Industries Pvt Ltd
was incorporated in Maharashtra. It established a synthetic fabrics mill in the same year
at Naroda in Gujarat.[11] In 1975, the company expanded its business into textiles, with
"Vimal" becoming its major brand in later years. The company held its Initial public
offering (IPO) in 1977.[12] The issue was over-subscribed by seven times.[13] In 1979, a textiles
company Sidhpur Mills was amalgamated with the company.[14] In 1980, the company
expanded its polyester yarn business by setting up a Polyester Filament Yarn Plant in Raigad,
Maharashtra with financial and technical collaboration with E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.,
U.S.[11]
1981–2000[edit]
In 1985, the name of the company was changed from Reliance Textiles Industries
Ltd. to Reliance Industries Ltd.[11] During the years 1985 to 1992, the company expanded its
installed capacity for producing polyester yarn by over 145,000 tonnes per annum.[11]
The Hazira petrochemical plant was commissioned in 1991–92.[15]
In 1993, Reliance turned to the overseas capital markets for funds through a global
depositary issue of Reliance Petroleum. In 1996, it became the first private sector company in
India to be rated by international credit rating agencies. S&P rated Reliance "BB+, stable
outlook, constrained by the sovereign ceiling". Moody's rated "Baa3, Investment grade,
constrained by the sovereign ceiling".[16]
In 1995/96, the company entered the telecom industry through a joint venture with NYNEX,
USA and promoted Reliance Telecom Private Limited in India.[15]
In 1998/99, RIL introduced packaged LPG in 15 kg cylinders under the brand name Reliance
Gas.[15]
The years 1998–2000 saw the construction of the integrated petrochemical complex at
Jamnagar in Gujarat,[15] the largest refinery in the world.
2001 onwards[edit]
In 2001, Reliance Industries Ltd. and Reliance Petroleum Ltd. became India's two largest
companies in terms of all major financial parameters.[17] In 2001–02, Reliance Petroleum was
merged with Reliance Industries.[12] In 2002, Reliance announced India's biggest gas
discovery (at the Krishna Godavari basin) in nearly three decades and one of the largest gas
discoveries in the world during 2002. The in-place volume of natural gas was in excess of 7
trillion cubic feet, equivalent to about 1.2 billion barrels of crude oil. This was the first ever
discovery by an Indian private sector company.[12][18] In 2002–03, RIL purchased a majority
stake in Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Ltd. (IPCL), India's second largest
petrochemicals company, from Government of India.[19] IPCL was later merged with RIL in
2008.[20][21] In the years 2005 and 2006, the company reorganized its business by demerging its
investments in power generation and distribution, financial services and telecommunication
services into four separate entities.[22] In 2006, Reliance entered the organised retail market in
India[23] with the launch of its retail store format under the brand name of 'Reliance
Fresh'.[24][25] By the end of 2008, Reliance retail had close to 600 stores across 57 cities in
India.[12] In November 2009, Reliance Industries issued 1:1 bonus shares to its shareholders. In
2010, Reliance entered Broadband services market with acquisition of Infotel Broadband
Services Limited, which was the only successful bidder for pan-India fourth-generation (4G)
spectrum auction held by Government of India.[26][27] In the same year, Reliance
and BP announced a partnership in the oil and gas business. BP took a 30 per cent stake in 23
oil and gas production sharing contracts that Reliance operates in India, including the KG-D6
block for $7.2 billion.[28] Reliance also formed a 50:50 joint venture with BP for sourcing and
marketing of gas in India.[29] In 2017, RIL set up a joint venture with Russian
Company Sibur for setting up a Butyl rubber plant in Jamnagar, Gujarat to be operational by
2018. [30]

Shareholding[edit]
Chairman and MD: Mukesh Ambani

The number of shares of RIL are approx. 3.1 billion.[31] The promoter group, Ambani family,
holds approx. 46.32% of the total shares whereas the remaining 53.68% shares are held by
public shareholders, including FII and corporate bodies.[31] Life Insurance Corporation of
India is the largest non-promoter investor in the company with 7.98% shareholding.[32]
Buyback: In January 2012, the company announced a buyback programme to buy a
maximum of 120 million shares for ₹104 billion(US$1.6 billion). By the end of January
2013, the company bought back 46.2 million shares for ₹33.66 billion (US$520 million).[33]
Listing[edit]
The company's equity shares are listed on the National Stock Exchange of India Limited
(NSE) and the BSE Limited. The Global Depository Receipts (GDRs) issued by the
Company are listed on Luxembourg Stock Exchange.[34][35] It has issued approx. 56 million
GDRs wherein each GDR is equivalent to 2 equity shares of the company. Approx. 3.46% of
its total shares are listed on Luxembourg Stock Exchange.[31]
Its debt securities are listed at the Wholesale Debt Market (WDM) Segment of the National
Stock Exchange of India Limited (NSE).[36]
Credit Ratings: It has received domestic credit ratings of AAA from CRISIL (S&P
subsidiary) and Fitch. Moody's and S&P have provided investment grade ratings for
international debt of the Company, as Baa2 positive outlook (local currency issuer rating) and
BBB+ outlook respectively.[37][38][39]

Operations[edit]
The company's petrochemical, refining, oil and gas-related operations form the core of its
business; other divisions of the company include cloth, retail business, telecommunications
and special economic zone (SEZ) development. In 2012–13, it earned 76% of its revenue
from refining, 19% from petrochemicals, 2% from oil & gas and 3% from other segments.[32]
In July 2012, RIL informed that it was going to invest US$1 billion over the next few years in
its new aerospace division which will design, develop, manufacture, equipment and
components, including aircraft, engine, radars, avionics and accessories for military and
civilian aircraft, helicopters, unmanned airborne vehicles and aerostats.[40]
Major subsidiaries and associates[edit]
On 31 March 2013, the company had 123 subsidiary companies and 10 associate
companies.[32]

 Reliance Retail is the retail business wing of the Reliance Industries. In March 2013, it
had 1466 stores in India.[41] It is the largest retailer in India.[42] Many brands like Reliance
Fresh, Reliance Footprint, Reliance Time Out, Reliance Digital, Reliance Wellness, Reliance
Trends, Reliance Autozone, Reliance Super, Reliance Mart, Reliance iStore, Reliance Home
Kitchens, Reliance Market (Cash n Carry) and Reliance Jewel come under the Reliance
Retail brand. Its annual revenue for the financial year 2012–13 was ₹108
billion (US$1.7 billion) with an EBITDA of ₹780 million (US$12 million).[32][43]
 Reliance Life Sciences works around medical, plant and
industrial biotechnology opportunities. It specializes in manufacturing, branding, and
marketing Reliance Industries' products in bio-pharmaceuticals, pharmaceuticals, clinical
research services, regenerative medicine, molecular medicine, novel therapeutics, biofuels,
plant biotechnology, and industrial biotechnology sectors of the medical business
industry.[44][45]
 Reliance Institute of Life Sciences (RILS), established by Dhirubhai Ambani
Foundation, is an institution offering higher education in various fields of life sciences and
related technologies.[46][47]
 Reliance Logistics is a single-window company selling transportation, distribution,
warehousing, logistics, and supply chain-related products, supported by in-house telematics
and telemetry solutions.[48][49][50] Reliance Logistics is an asset based company with its own
fleet and infrastructure.[51] It provides logistics services to Reliance group companies and
outsiders.[52] Merged content from Reliance Logistics to here. See Talk:Reliance
Industries/Archives/2013#Merge proposals.
 Reliance Clinical Research Services (RCRS), a contract research organisation (CRO)
and wholly owned subsidiary of Reliance Life Sciences, specialises in the clinical research
services industry. Its clients are primarily pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device
companies.[53]
 Reliance Solar, the solar energy subsidiary of Reliance, was established to produce and
retail solar energy systems primarily to remote and rural areas. It offers a range of products
based on solar energy: solar lanterns, home lighting systems, street lighting systems, water
purification systems, refrigeration systems and solar air conditioners.[54]Merged content from
Reliance Solar to here. See Talk:Reliance Industries/Archives/2013#Merge proposals .
 Relicord is a cord blood banking service owned by Reliance Life Sciences. It was
established in 2002.[55] It has been inspected and accredited by AABB,[56] and also has been
accorded a license by Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Government of India.
 Reliance Jio Infocomm Limited (RJIL) previously known as Infotel Broadband, is a
broadband service provider which gained 4G licences for operating across India.[57][58]
 Reliance Industrial Infrastructure Limited (RIIL) is an associate company of RIL. RIL
holds 45.43% of total shares of RIIL.[32] It was incorporated in September 1988 as Chembur
Patalganga Pipelines Limited, with the main objective being to build and operate cross-
country pipelines for transporting petroleum products. The company's name was
subsequently changed to CPPL Limited in September 1992, and thereafter to its present
name, Reliance Industrial Infrastructure Limited, in March 1994.[59] RIIL is mainly engaged in
the business of setting up and operating industrial infrastructure. The company is also
engaged in related activities involving leasing and providing services connected with
computer software and data processing.[60] The company set up a 200-millimetre diameter
twin pipeline system that connects the Bharat Petroleum refinery at Mahul, Maharashtra, to
Reliance's petrochemical complex at Patalganga, Maharashtra. The pipeline carries
petroleum products including naphtha and kerosene. It has commissioned facilities like the
supervisory control and data acquisition system and the cathodic protection system, a
jackwell at River Tapi, and a raw water pipeline system at Hazira. The infrastructure
company constructed a 71,000 kilo-litre petrochemical product storage and distribution
terminal at the Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPT) Area in Maharashtra.[citation needed]
 LYF, a 4G-enabled VoLTE device brand from Reliance Retail.[61]