Trial Examination

2010

CHEMISTRY – Paper 2

Answers

Section A
1 (a)(i)

(ii)

1+1

(iii) 1+1

(iv) First ionisation energies 1

Oxygen: 1400 kJ mol-1 < Nitrogen: 1310 kJ mol-1

For oxygen, electron removed from an orbital containing a pair of electrons.

Due to repulsion between the two electrons, less energy is required to remove this 1
electron.

(b) N3- ; O2- 1

(c)
1

_
O
N O
Trigonal planar 1
O

Total 10
 2

2 (a) Kw = [H+] [OH-] 1

(b) [OH-] = [NaOH] = 0.200 mol dm-3

Kw = 1 x 10-14 mol2 dm-6 = [H+] [OH-] 1

-14 2 -6 +
1 x 10 mol dm = [H ] [0.200]

[H+] = 5 x 10-14
pH = - log 5 x 10-14 1
= 13.3
(c) - NH3 is a weak base and dissociates partially in water. 1
/ The OH- concentration is much less than 0.200 mol dm-3

(d)
14
11.3
End-point
pH
7

Curve 1
| | | | | | Mark 11.3 1
Mark 40, end-point 1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60

3
(e) √ for methyl orangeVolume of added acid / cm 1
(f) NH3(aq) + H2O(l) NH+4(aq) + OH-(aq)
- On adding a small amount of OH-(aq),
NH+4(aq) + OH-(aq) → NH3(aq) + H2O(l)
(added)
Equilibrium would shift to the left to’mop up’ the added OH- ions.
1
- On adding a small amount of acid, the H+ (aq) is removed by this reaction:
H+(aq) + NH3(aq) → NH4+(aq)
(added)
1
Total 10
 3
3 (a)(i) The ionic bond in aluminium oxide is strong. 1

(ii) Na3AlF6 1

(iii) At the cathode: Al3+(l) + 3e → Al(l) 1

(b) (i) Aluminium fluoride is more ionic than aluminium chloride.

/Aluminium chloride is predominantly covalent whereas, aluminium fluoride is ionic 1

(ii) - F- ion is smaller than Cl- ion. 1

- Therefore is more difficult of be polarized by the Al3+ ion.
Hence, AlF3 has less covalent character. 1

(c) (i) pV = nRT 1

(1.0 x 105 ) x (73.6 x 10-6) = n x 8.31 x (200 + 273) 1
n = 1.872 x 10-3 mol
0.500
Mr = = 267
1.87x10−3
1
(ii) Mr value shows that aluminium chloride exists as dimeric molecules.

Total 10

4 (a)(i)
1

.
(ii)
1

(iii)
1

(iv)
1

(b) (i)
1+1

1
(ii) 1+1

[1] [1]

Total 10
 4
Section B

5 (a) (i) Rate = k[N2O5] 1

(ii) Rate constant,

ln 2 0.693 1
k = t1 @ k= t1
2 2
0.693
k= s-1
2.7x103
1
= 2.6 x 10-4 s-1
(iii) Rate = k [N2O5]
= (2.6 x 10-4) x (3.1 x 10-2) 1
= 8.1 x 10-6 mol dm-3 s-1 1
(iv) Decomposition
N2O5 → 2NO2 + O• ( a: O only) (slow) 1
/ N2O5 → N2O4 + O•
O• + O• → O2 (fast) 1 ….7
(b) (i) Activation energy is the minimum energy required by a reactant to form the 1
activated complex

(ii) - Platinum functions as a heterogeneous catalyst 1

- It provides a bigger surface area 1
- and lower activation energy 1
- to increase the rate of reaction 1
(iii)

164.0
energy
H2 + I2

59.0 53.0
2HI

Progress of reaction
- Labelled axes (no need units) 1
- Correct curves 1
- Energy values marked correctly 1… 8
Total 15

6 (a) (i) - When sodium is added to water, it move vigorously on the surface of water and it 1
burns with a yellow flame.
 5
- Hydrogen gas and sodium hydroxide are produced.
2Na + 2H2O → NaOH + H2 1
- Phosphorus does not react with water. 1 …3

(ii) - Sodium burns in air to produce sodium oxide.

4Na + O2 → 2Na2O 1
- Na2O + H2O → 2NaOH 1
- NaOH is a strong base, thus the pH of the solution is around 13 1
- Phosphorus burns in air to give phosphorus(V) oxide, P4O10. 1
- Phosphorus(V) oxide dissolve in water to give phosphoric acid.
P4O10 + 6H2O → 4H3PO4 1
- Phosphoric(V) acid is a weak acid and pH of the solution formed is around 3. 1 …6

(b) (i) 2Na2O2(s) + 2CO2(g) → 2Na2CO3 + O2 1

(ii) Assuming room temperature and pressure conditions,
Volume of CO2 exhaled by the eight submariners = 600 x 8 dm3
= 4800 dm3 1
4800
No. of mol of CO2 = = 200 1
24
No. of mol of Na2O2 needed to absorb CO2 = no. of mol of CO2 = 200
1
Molar mass of Na2O2 = 23.0 x 2 + 16.0 x 2 = 78 g mol-1
1
Mass of Na2O2 = 200 x 78 = 15600 g = 15.6 kg
1 …. 5
Total 15

7 (a) - Partial pressure of methanol, PA = XA PAo 1

3.94
- PA = ×54 .1 = 34 .6 1
6.16
2.22
- Partial pressure of ethanol, PB = × 29 .6 =10 .7 1
6.16
- PT = PA + PB = 45.3 kPa
1 …. 4
(b)
Vapour - Correct label for the axes 1
pressure - Linear graph 1
- The force of attraction between the
molecules in the solution is the same
as the those in the pure liquids.
1
- An ideal solution is formed
0 Composition of A 100
1 …. 4

(c)
Fractional distillation of an ideal solution
 6
Temperature/ oC

100
vapour
liquid
T1

T2

66

0 30 C1 C2 100

% of methanol 1
- The path for the process is shown with arrows 1
- Labelled axes 1
- Correct curves
- The methanol solution would boil at temperature T1, producing vapour of 1
compositon C1
- The vapour with compositon C1 would condense into liquid of the same
composition which will boil at temperature T2 ,producing vapour with 1
composition C2
1
- The boiling and condensation occurs repeatedly
1 …. 7
- The distillate is the component which is more volatile (methanol)

Total 15

Q Answer Mark ∑
7(a)
[ Fe3+ + e  Fe2+ Eθ = + 0.77 V ; ½ I2 + e  I- Eθ = + 0.54
V]
(i) 2Fe3+ + 2e  2Fe2+ Eθ = + 0.77 V √ 1
- θ
2I  I2 + 2e E = - 0.54 V
2I + 2Fe  I2 + 2Fe2+ Ecell = + 0.23 V √ √
- 3+ 1+1
Since Ecell is positive, it is a spontaneous reaction / reaction will takes
place. √ 1

[Ag+ + e  Ag Eθ = + 0.80 V Fe3+ + 3e  Fe Eθ = - 0.04

V]
1
(ii) 3Ag  3Ag+ + 3e Eθ = - 0.80 V } √
Fe3+ + 3e  Fe Eθ = - 0.04 V }
Ecell = - 0.84 V } 1 6
Since Ecell is negative, it is a non-spontaneous reaction }

(b) Ag+ (aq) + e  Ag (s)

108 g requires 1F @ 96500 C
 7
0.60 g requires 0.60 x 96500 C 1
108
0.60 x 96500 C = 0.25 x t 1
108
t = 2144 s = 35.74 min = 35 min 44 s 1 3

(c) (i)
Energy / kJ 1. Atomization of Ca &
ionization of Ca
Ca2+(g) + 2F(g) 2. Atomisation of F and
electron affinity of F
Ca2+(g) + F2(g) 3. formation & lattice
energy of CaF2
Ca2+(g) + 2 F-(g) 4. correct energy circle
+
Ca (g) + F2(g)

Ca(g) + F2(g)

Ca(s) + F2(g)

Ca F2(s)

4 4

(ii)
- 1220 kJ = + 178 kJ + 590 kJ + 1150 kJ + 2(+158 kJ) + 2(-328 kJ)
+L.E. √ 1
L.E. = -1220 – 178 – 590 – 1150 - 2(158) + 656 kJ
= - 2798 kJ mol-1 √ 1 2
15

Q Answer Mark ∑
 8
9(a) (i)
I : PCl5/ PCl3/ SOCl2 1

II : Ammonia/NH3 1 2
O O
|| ||
(ii) Amide, H2N- C- CH2CH2-C-NH2 1
1 2
(iii) Reduction 1 1
(iv) Condensation polymerization 1
O O H H
|| || | |
-C-CH2CH2-C – N -CH2CH2CH2CH2-N- OR

H H O O 1
| | || ||
-N - CH2CH2CH2CH2 – N - C-CH2CH2-C –
2
(b) (i) C H O
% by mass 40.0 6.7 53.3
No. of mole 40.0 6.7 53.3
12 1 16
Molar ratio 1 2 1 1

Empirical formula is CH2O 1

2
(ii)
1. it contains chiral carbon atom 1

2. it contains -COOH group 1

3. it contains CH3-CH-OH or /carbonyl that contain CH3-C=O 1

3
(iii) A is C3H6O3, 1

O- H
|
CH3 – C – C – O – H 1
| ||
H O
2-hydroxypropanoic acid 1
3
15

Q Answer Mark ∑
 9
10(a) (12.0 x 7 + 1.0 x 6) n = 180 1
n=2
Molecular formula = C14H12 1
2
(b) (i) Structural formula of W

and H 1+1
C=C C=C
H H H
cis trans

Structure of X H
C=C 1
H

Structure of Y
H H
| |
C–C 1
| |
H Br

Structure of Z
H
|
H–C–C 1
| |
H Br

Structural formula for enantiomers of Y

C C
Br Br 1+1
CH2 CH2
H H

(c) i) Red precipitate 1

 10
Equation:
CHO COO –
| |
2+ –
CH3 – C = O + Cu + OH  CH3 – C = O + Cu2O + H2O 1 2

ii) orange to green 1

Equation:
CHO COOH
| |
CH3 – C = O + [O]  CH3 – C = O 1 2
iii) yellow precipitate CHI3 1
Equation:
CHO
|
CH3 – C = O + I2 + OH-  CHI3 + COO- + I- + H2O 1
|
COO- 2
15