Chapter 17 Exercise 17.

Q. 1. x2 + 10x + 21 = 0 Checking solutions

(x + 3)(x + 7) = 0 x2 − 3x + 2 = 0
x+3=0 OR x+7=0 (1)2 − 3(1) + 2 = 0
x = −3 OR x = −7 3−3=0
Checking solutions 0=0 True
x2 + 10x + 21 = 0 ∴ x = 1 is a solution.
(−3)2 + 10(−3) + 21 = 0 x2 − 3x + 2 = 0
9 − 30 + 21 = 0 (2)2 − 3(2) + 2 = 0
30 − 30 = 0 4−6+2=0
0=0 True 6−6=0
∴ x = −3 is a solution. 0=0 True

x2 + 10x + 21 = 0 ∴ x = 2 is a solution.
(−7)2 + 10(−7) + 21 = 0 Q. 3. x2 − 5x = 0
49 − 70 + 21 = 0 x(x − 5) = 0
70 − 70 = 0 x=0 OR x−5=0
0=0 True x=5
∴ x = −7 is a solution. Checking solutions

Q. 2. x2 − 3x + 2 = 0 x2 − 5x = 0 x2 − 5x = 0
(x − 1)(x − 2) = 0 (0)2 − 5(0) = 0 (5)2 − 5(5) = 0
x−1=0 OR x−2=0 0−0=0 25 − 25 = 0
True 0=0
x=1 OR x=2
∴ x = 0 is a solution True
∴ x = 5 is a
solution

Q. 4. x2 − x − 20 = 0
(x + 4)(x − 5) = 0
x+4=0 OR x−5=0
x = −4 OR x=5
Checking solutions

x2 − x − 20 = 0 x2 − x − 20 = 0
(−4)2 − (−4) − 20 = 0 (5)2 − (5) − 20 = 0
16 + 4 − 20 = 0 25 − 5 − 20 = 0
20 − 20 = 0 25 − 25 = 0
0=0 0=0
True True
∴ x = −4 is a solution ∴ x = 5 is a solution

Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 17 Solutions 1

 Q. 5. x2 − 15x + 56 = 0
(x − 7)(x − 8) = 0
x−7=0 OR x−8=0
x=7 OR x=8

Q. 6. x2 − 64 = 0
x2 = 64
___
x = ±√64
x = ±8

Q. 7. 3x2 + 8x + 5 = 0
(3x + 5)(x + 1) = 0
3x + 5 = 0 OR x+1=0
3x = −5 OR x = −1
5
x = −__
3
Checking solutions
3x2 + 8x + 5 = 0 3x2 + 8x + 5 = 0

( )52
( )
5
3 −__ + 8 −__ + 5 = 0
3 3
3(−1)2 + 8(−1) + 5 = 0
3−8+5=0
25 40
3 × ___ – ___ + 5 = 0
93 3 8−8=0
25
___ 40 15 0=0
− ___ + ___ = 0
3 3 3 True
40 ___
___ 40
− =0
3 3 ∴ x = –1 is a solution
0=0
True
5
__
∴ x = − is a solution
3
(Keeping fractions as an improper fraction instead of a mixed fraction is a useful
non-calculator technique for checking solutions and for use in further calculations.)
Q. 8. 4p2 − 16 = 0 (÷ 4)
p2 − 4 = 0
p2 = 4
__
p = ±√4
p = ±2
Q. 9. 7q2 + 8q + 1 = 0
(7q + 1)(q + 1) = 0
7q + 1 = 0 OR q+1=0
7q = − 1 OR q = −1
1
q = −__
7

2 Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 17 Solutions

 Checking solutions
7q2 + 8q + 1 = 0 7q2 + 8q + 1 = 0

( )
12
( )
1
7 −__ + 8 −__ + 1 = 0
7 7
7(−1)2 + 8(−1) + 1 = 0

7 ( )
1
___
49
8
__
− +1=0
7
7−8+1=0
8−8=0
1 __
__ 8 __ 7
− + =0
7 7 7
0=0
8 __
__ 8
− =0
7 7
True
0=0
True ∴ q = –1 is a solution
1
__
∴ q = − is a solution
7

Q. 10. 4x2 − 16x = 0 (÷ 4) Q. 15. 81 − 4x2 = 0

x2 − 4x = 0 (9)2 − (2x)2 = 0
x(x − 4) = 0 (9 + 2x)(9 − 2x) = 0
x = 0 OR x−4=0 9 + 2x = 0 OR 9 − 2x = 0
x=4 2x = −9 OR −2x = −9
Q. 11. 3y2 − 2y − 1 = 0 9 9
x = −__ OR x = __
(3y + 1)(y − 1) = 0 2 2
9
3y + 1 = 0 OR y−1=0 x = ±__
2
3y = −1 OR y=1 Q. 16. 5a2 = 2a
1
y = −__ 5a2 − 2a = 0
3
Q. 12. 3x2 + 20x − 7 = 0 a(5a − 2) = 0

(3x − 1)(x + 7) = 0 a = 0 OR 5a − 2 = 0

3x − 1 = 0 OR x+7=0 5a = 2
2
3x = 1 OR x = −7 a = __
5
1
x = __ Q. 17. 100x2 − 25 = 0 (÷ 25)
3
Q. 13. 3x2 + 19x + 6 = 0 4x2 − 1 = 0

(3x + 1)(x + 6) = 0 4x2 = 1

1
3x + 1 = 0 OR x+6=0 x2 = __
4 __
3x = −1 OR x = −6
1
x = −__
3
1
x = ± __
4√
1
Q. 14. −2x2 + 11x = 0 (× −1) x = ±__
2
2x2 − 11x = 0 Q. 18. 2x2 + 2x − 12 = 0 (÷ 2)
x (2x − 11) = 0 x2 + x − 6 = 0
x = 0 OR 2x − 11 = 0
(x − 2)(x + 3) = 0
2x = 11
11 x − 2 = 0 OR x+3=0
x = ___
2 x = 2 OR x = −3

Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 17 Solutions 3

 Q. 19. 25x2 − 25 = 0 (÷25) Q. 25. 3x2 − 24x + 36 = 0 (÷ 3)
x2 −1=0 x2 − 8x + 12 = 0
x2 = 1 (x − 2)(x − 6) = 0
__
x = ±√ 1 x − 2 = 0 OR x−6=0
x = ±1 x = 2 OR x=6
Q. 20. 2b2 − b = 10 Q. 26. 5y2 − 125 = 0
2b2 − b − 10 = 0 5y2 = 125
(2b − 5)(b + 2) = 0 y2 = 25
2b − 5 = 0 OR b+2=0 y = ±5
2b = 5 OR b = −2
5 Q. 27. (2x + 1)(x − 3) − 4 = 0
b = __
2 2x2 − 6x + x − 3 − 4 = 0
Q. 21. 2x2 − 3x = 0 2x2 − 5x − 7 = 0
x(2x − 3) = 0 (2x − 7)(x + 1) = 0
x = 0 OR 2x − 3 = 0 2x − 7 = 0 OR x+1=0
2x = 3 2x = 7
3
x = __ 7
2 x = __
2
Q. 22. (3x + 4)(x − 3) = 10
Q. 28. 4x2 + 8x + 3 = 0
3x2 − 9x + 4x − 12 − 10 = 0
(2x + 1)(2x + 3) = 0
3x2 − 5x − 22 = 0
2x + 7 = 0 OR 2x + 3 = 0
(3x − 11)(x + 2) = 0
2x = −1 OR 2x = −3
3x − 11 = 0 OR x+2=0 1 3
x = −__ OR x = −__
2 2
3x = 11 OR x = −2
11 Q. 29. 6x2 + 7x + 2 = 0
x = ___
3
(2x + 1)(3x + 2) = 0
Q. 23. 625x2 − 196 = 0
2x + 1 = 0 OR 3x + 2 = 0
(25x)2 − (14)2 = 0
2x = −1 OR 3x = −2
(25x + 14)(25x − 14) = 0 1 2
x = −__ OR x = −__
2 3
25x + 14 = 0 OR 25x − 14 = 0
Q. 30. 9x2 − 7x − 2 = 0
25x = −14 OR 25x = 14
14 14 (9x + 2)(x − 1) = 0
x = −___ OR x = ___
25 25 9x + 2 = 0 OR x−1=0
Q. 24. 5y2 = 7y 9x = −2
2
5y2 − 7y = 0 x = −__
9
y(5y − 7) = 0
Q. 31. −6x2 + 5x + 1 = 0 (× −1)
y = 0 OR 5y − 7 = 0
6x2 − 5x − 1 = 0
5y = 7
7 (6x + 1)(x − 1) = 0
y = __
5 6x + 1 = 0 OR x−1=0
6x = −1 OR x=1
1
x = −__
6
4 Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 17 Solutions
Q. 32. 4x2 − 13x + 3 = 0 Checking solutions
(4x − 1)(x − 3) = 0 (non calculator working shown)

4x − 1 = 0 OR x−3=0 10m2 + 29m − 21 = 0

4x = 1 OR
1
x = __
x=3
()
32
5
3
5 ()
10 __ + 29 __ − 21 = 0
2 9 87
4 10 × ____ + ___ − 21 = 0
25 5 5
Q. 33. 10x2 − 37x + 7 = 0
18
___ 87 105
(5x − 1)(2x − 7) = 0 + ___ − ____ = 0
5 5 5
5x − 1 = 0 OR 2x − 7 = 0 105 ____
____ 105
− =0
5x = 1 OR 2x = 7 5 5
1 7 0=0 True
x = __ OR x = __ 3
__
5 2 ∴m= is a solution
5
Q. 34. 80a2 − 245 = 0 (÷5)
2
10m2 + 29m − 21 = 0
16a − 49 = 0
16a2 = 49
49
( )72 7
( )
10 −__ + 29 −__ − 21 = 0
2 2
a2 = ___ 49 203
16 ___ 105 × ___ − ____ − 21 = 0
42 2
a = ± ___
7
__
√
49
16 245
____
2
203 42
− ____ − ___ = 0
2 2
a=±
4 245
____ 245
− ____ = 0
Q. 35. 4b2 + 16b + 15 = 0 2 2
(2b + 3)(2b + 5) = 0 0=0 True
7
__
2b + 3 = 0 OR 2b + 5 = 0 ∴ m = − is a solution
2
2b = −3 OR 2b = −5 1
3 5 Q. 38. __x2 + 3x + 5 = 0
b = −__ OR b = −__ 4
2 2
x2 + 12x + 20 = 0 (× 4)
Q. 36. 8c2 − 6 + 13c = 0
(x + 10)(x + 2) = 0
8c2 + 13c − 6 = 0
x = −2 OR x = −10
(8c − 3)(c + 2) = 0
8c − 3 = 0 OR c+2=0 Q. 39. x2 − 2.4x − 6.4 = 0 (× 10)
2
10x − 24x − 64 = 0 (÷ 2)
8c = 3 OR c = −2
3 5x − 12x − 32 = 0
c = __
8 (5x + 8)(x − 4) = 0
Q. 37. 21 = 10m2 + 29m 5x + 8 = 0 OR x − 4 = 0
10m2 + 29m − 21 = 0 5x = −8 OR x=4
8
(5m − 3)(2m + 7) = 0 x = −__
5
5m − 3 = 0 OR 2m + 7 = 0
x2 x 5
5m = 3 OR 2m = –7 Q. 40. __ + __ − __ = 0 (× 6)
3 2 6
3 7
m = __ OR m = −__ 2x2 + 3x − 5 = 0
5 2
(2x + 5)(x − 1) = 0
2x + 5 = 0 OR x − 1 = 0
2x = −5 OR x=1
5
x = −__
2
Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 17 Solutions 5
 3x2
___ 11x
Q. 41. − ____ − 1 = 0 (× 10) Q. 3. x2 + x − 6 = 0
5 10 ________
−b ± √ b − 4ac
2
_______________
6x2 − 11x − 10 = 0 x=
2a
(3x + 2)(2x − 5) = 0 a = 1, b = 1, c = −6
3x + 2 = 0 OR 2x − 5 = 0 b2 − 4ac = (1)2 − 4(1)(−6)
3x = −2 OR 2x = 5 = 1 + 24
2 5 = 25
x = −__ OR x = __ ___
3 2 −1 ± √ 25
__________
x=
2×1
1 2 ____
__ 17x __
1
Q. 42. x − + =0 (× 8) −1 + 5 −1 − 5
2 8 2 x = _______ OR x = _______
2 2
4x2 − 17x + 4 = 0
4 −6
(4x − 1)(x − 4) = 0 x = __ OR x = ___
2 2
4x − 1 = 0 OR x−4=0 ∴x=2 OR x = −3
4x = 1 OR x=4
Q. 4. 2x2 − 13x +________
20 = 0
1
__
x=
4 −b ± √ b2 − 4ac
x = _______________
2a
a = 2, b = −13, c = 20
Exercise 17.2
b2 − 4ac = (−13)2 − 4(2)(20)
= 169 − 160
Q. 1. x2 + 8x + 15________
=0
=9
−b ± √b2 − 4ac __
x = _______________ −(−13) ± √9
_____________
2a x=
2×2
a = 1, b = 8, c = 15
13 + 3 13 − 3
b2 − 4ac = (8)2 − 4(1)(15) x = _______ x = _______
OR
4 4
= 64 − 60 = 4 16
___ 10
___
x= OR x =
__ 4 4
−8 ± √ 4
_________ 5
__
x= x=4 OR x =
2×1 2
−8 + 2 −8 − 2 Checking solutions
x = _______ OR x = _______
2 2 2x2 − 13x + 20 = 0
−6 −10
x = ___ OR x = ____ 2(4)2 − 13(4) + 20 = 0
2 2
32 − 52 + 20 = 0
∴ x = −3 OR x = −5 52 − 52 = 0
Q. 2. x2 + 7x + 10________
=0 0 = 0 True
−b ± √b2 − 4ac ∴ x = 4 is a solution
x = _______________
2a 2x2 − 13x + 20 = 0
a = 1, b = 7, c = 10
b2 − 4ac = (7)2 − 4(1)(10) = 9
()
52
2
5
()
2 __ − 13 __ + 20 = 0
2
__
12_12 − 32_12 + 20 = 0
−7 ± √9
_________
x=
2×1 32_12 − 32_12 = 0
−7 + 3 −7 − 3 0 = 0 True
x = _______ OR x = _______
2 2 5
__
∴x= is a solution.
∴ x = −2 OR x = −5 2

6 Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 17 Solutions

Q. 5. 2x2 − 7x + 5________
=0 a = 7, b = 25, c = 12
−b ± √ b2 − 4ac b2 − 4ac = (25)2 − 4(7)(12)
x = _______________
2a = 625 − 336
a = 2, b = −7, c = 5 = 289
____
b2 − 4ac = (−7)2 − 4(2)(5) = 9 −25 ± √ 289
____________
__ x=
–(–7) ± √ 9
__________ 7±3
______ 2×7
x= =
2(2) 4 −25 + 17 −25 − 17
x = _________ OR x = _________
7+3 7−3 14 14
x = ______ OR x = ______
4 4 −8 −42
5
__ x = ___ OR x = ____
x= OR x = 1 14 14
2
4
x = −__ OR x = −3
Q. 6. 4x2 − 17x +________
13 = 0 7
−b ± √ b2 − 4ac
x = _______________ Q. 9. 3x2 = 4x + 7
2a
3x2 − 4x − 7 = 0
a = 4, b = −17, c = 13 ________
b2 − 4ac = (−17)2 − 4(4)(13) −b ± √ b − 4ac
2
_______________
x=
= 289 − 208 2a
= 81 a = 3, b = −4, c = −7
___
−(−17) ± √ 81 b2 − 4ac = (−4)2 − 4(3)(−7)
______________
x=
2×4 = 16 + 84
17 + 9 17 − 9 = 100
x = _______ OR x = _______ ____
8 8 −(−4) ± √ 100
______________
26 8 x=
x = ___ OR x = __ 2×3
8 8
4 + 10 4 − 10
13 x = _______ OR x = _______
x= ___
OR x=1 6 6
4
14 −6
x = ___ OR x = ___
Q. 7. 5x2 − 18x + 9 = 0 6 6
________ 7
−b ± √ b2 − 4ac x = __ OR x = −1
x = _______________ 3
2a
Q. 10. 4x2 = 4x + 8
a = 5, b = −18, c = 9
b2 − 4ac = (−18)2 − 4(5)(9) ∴ 4x2 − 4x − 8 = 0
________
= 324 − 180 −b ± √ b2 − 4ac
x = _______________
= 144 2a
____ a = 4, b = −4, c = −8
−(−18) ± √ 144
x = _______________ b2 − 4ac = (−4)2 − 4(4)(−8)
2×5
18 + 12 18 − 12 = 16 + 128
x = ________ OR x = ________
10 10 = 144
____
30 6 −(−4) ± √ 144
x = ___ OR x = ___ x= ______________
10 10 2×4
3
x=3 OR x = __ 4 + 12
x = _______ OR
4 − 12
x = _______
5 8 8
16 −8
Q. 8. 7x2 + 25x + 12 = 0 x = ___ OR x = ___
________ 8 8
−b ± √ b2 − 4ac
x = _______________ x=2 OR x = −1
2a

Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 17 Solutions 7

 ___ ___
Q. 11. 23x + 20 = −6x2 −6 + √ 32
__________ −6 − √ 32
__________
x= OR x=
6x2 + 23x + 20 = 0 2 2
___ _______
________ Note √ 32 = √ 16 × 2
−b ± √ b − 4ac
2
_______________ ___ __
x=
2a = √ 16 × √ 2
__
a = 6, b = 23, c = 20 = 4√ 2
__ __
b2 − 4ac = (23)2 − 4(6)(20) −6 + 4√ 2
__________ −6 − 4√ 2
__________
∴x= OR x=
= 529 − 480 2 2

= 49 Dividing by 2 gives
___ __ __
−23 ± √49
___________ x = −3 + 2√2 OR x = −3 − 2√ 2
x=
2×6
−23 + 7 −23 − 7 Q. 2. x2 + 8x + 5 = 0
x = ________ OR x = ________
12 12 a = 1, b = 8, c = 5
−16 −30
x = ____ OR x = ____ b2 − 4ac = (8)2 − 4(1)(5)
12 12
= 64 − 20
−4 −5
x = ___ OR x = ___ = 44
3 2 ___
7
__ −8 ± √44
__________
Q. 12. x2 + x = 2 (×2) ∴x=
2 2 ×___1 ___
2x2 + 7x = 4 (–4) −8 + √ 44 −8 −√ 44
x = __________ OR x= _________
2 2
2x2 + 7x − 4 = 0
________ Give answer to 3 decimal places
−b ± √ b − 4ac
2
_______________
x= x = −0.683|3... OR x = −7.316|6...
2a
∴ x = −0.683 OR x = −7.317
a = 2, b = 7, c = −4
b2 − 4ac = (7)2 − 4(2)(−4) Q. 3. y2 − 2y − 29 = 0
= 49 + 32 a = 1, b = −2, c = −29
= 81 b2 − 4ac = (−2)2 − 4(1)(−29)
___
−7 ± √81 = 4 + 116
x = __________
2×2 = 120
____
−7 + 9
_______ −7 − 9
_______ −(−2) ± √ 120
x= OR x= ______________
4 4 ∴y=
2×1
____ ____
2
__ −16
____
x= OR x= 2 ± √ 120 2 – √ 120
4 4 y = _________ OR = _________
2 2
1
__
x= OR x = −4 Give answer to 2 d.p.
2
y = 6.47|7... OR y = −4.47|7
Exercise 17.3 y = 6.48 OR y = −4.48

Q. 4. x2 − 5x − 28 = 0
Q. 1. x2 + 6x + 1 = 0
a = 1, b = −5, c = −28
a = 1, b = 6, c = 1
b2 − 4ac = (−5)2 − 4(1)(−28)
b2 − 4ac = (6)2 − 4(1)(1) = 25 + 112
= 36 − 4 = 32 = 137
___ ____
−6 ± √ 32
__________ −(−5) ± √ 137
∴x= ∴x= ______________
2×1 2×1
8 Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 17 Solutions
 ____ ____ ____ ____
5 + √ 137
_________ 5 − √137
_________ 5 + √ 193
_________ 5 − √193
_________
x= OR x= x= OR x=
2 2 4 4
Give answer to 1 d.p. Give answer to 3 d.p.
x = 8.3|5... OR x = −3.3|5... x = 4.723|1... OR x = −2.223|1...
x = 8.4 OR x = −3.4 x = 4.723 OR x = −2.223

Q. 5. 2x2 − 11x − 9 = 0 Q. 8. 4q2 − q − 13 = 0

a = 2, b = −11, c = −9 a = 4, b = −1, c = −13
b2 − 4ac = (−11)2 − 4(2)(−9) b2 − 4ac = (−1)2 − 4(4)(−13)
= 121 + 72 = 1 + 208
= 193 = 209
____ ____
−(−11) ± √ 193
_______________ −(−1) ± √209
______________
∴x= ∴q=
2×2
____ ____ 2×4____ ____
11 + √ 193 11 − √ 193 1 + √209 1 − √ 209
x = __________ OR x = __________ q= _________
OR q = _________
4 4 8 8
Give answer to 3 d.p. Give answer to 1 d.p.
x = 6.223|1... OR x = −0.723|1... ∴ q = 1.9|3... OR q = −1.6|8...
x = 6.223 OR x = −0.723 q = 1.9 OR q = −1.7

Q. 6. 3x2 − 10x + 4 = 0 Q. 9. 5x2 + 4x − 5 = 0

a = 3, b = −10, c = 4 a = 5, b = 4, c = −5
b2 − 4ac = (−10)2 − 4(3)(4) b2 − 4ac = (4)2 − 4(5)(−5)
= 100 − 48 = 16 + 100
= 52 = 116
___ ____
−(−10) ± √ 52
______________ −4 ± √ 116
___________
∴x= ∴x=
2×3 ___ ___ 2×5
____ ____
10 + √ 52
_________ 10 − √ 52
_________ −4 + √ 116
___________ −4 − √ 116
___________
x= OR x = x= OR x =
6 6 10 10
Give answer in surd form Give answer to 2 d.p.
___ _______
√52 = √4 × 13 x = 0.67|7... OR x = −1.47|7...
__ ___
= √4 × √ 13 ∴ x = 0.68 OR x = −1.48
___
= 2√13
___ ___ Q. 10. 8x2 − 5x − 11 = 0
10 + 2√ 13 10 − 2√ 13
∴ x = __________ OR x = __________ a = 8, b = −5, c = −11
6 6
Dividing by 2 gives b2 − 4ac = (−5)2 − 4(8)(−11)
___ ___ = 25 + 352 = 377
5 + √ 13
________ 5 − √13
________ ____
x= OR x= −(−5) ± √377
______________
3 3 ∴x=
2×8
____ ____
Q. 7. 2x2 − 5x − 21 = 0 5 + √ 377
_________ 5 − √377
_________
x= OR x =
a = 2, b = −5, c = −21 16 16
b2 − 4ac = (−5)2 − 4(2)(−21) Give answer to 3 d.p.
= 25 + 168= 193 x = 1.526|0... OR x = −0.901|0...
____
−(−5) ± √193 x = 1.526 OR x = −0.901
∴ x = ______________
2×2

Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 17 Solutions 9

 __
−4 ± √8
_________
Q. 11. 9a2 − 8a − 24 = 0 ∴x=
2 ×__2 __
a = 9, b = −8, c = −24 −4 + √ 8 −4 − √ 8
_________ _________
x= OR x =
b2 − 4ac = (−8)2 − 4(9)(−24) 4 4
= 64 + 864 Give answer in surd form
__ ______
= 928 Note: √ 8 = √ 4 × 2
____ __ __
−(−8) ± √ 928
______________ = √4 × √2
∴a= __
2×9
____ ____ = 2√ 2
__ __
8 + √ 928 8 − √928
a = _________ OR a = _________ −4 + 2√ 2
__________ −4 − 2√2
__________
18 18 ∴x= OR x =
4 4
Give answer to 2 d.p.
Dividing by 2 gives
__ __
a = 2.13|6... OR a = −1.24|7...
−2 + √ 2
_________ −2 − √ 2
_________
x= OR x =
a = 2.14 OR a = −1.25 2 2
Q. 15. 4x2 + 10x + 5 = 0
Q. 12. 3x2 − 9x + 5 = 0
a = 4, b = 10, c = 5
a = 3, b = −9, c = 5
b2 − 4ac = (10)2 − 4(4)(5)
b2 − 4ac = (−9)2 − 4(3)(5)
= 100 − 80
= 81 − 60
= 20
= 21 ___
___ −10 ± √20
___________
−(−9) ± √21 ∴x=
∴ x = _____________ 2×4 ___ ___
2×3
___ ___ 10 + √20
_________ −10 − √20
___________
9 + √21
________ 9 − √ 21
________
x= OR x =
x= OR x = 8 8
6 6
Give answer in surd form
Give answer to 1 d.p. ___ ______
Note: √ 20 = √ 4 × 5
x = 2.2|6... OR x = 0.7|3... __ __
= √4 × √5
x = 2.3 OR x = 0.7 __
= 2√ 5
__ __
Q. 13. 11b2 − 3b − 7 = 0 −10 + 2√5
___________ −10 −2√5
__________
∴x= OR x =
a = 11, b = −3, c = −7 8 8
b2 − 4ac = (−3)2 − 4(11)(−7) Dividing by 2 gives
__ __
= 9 + 308 −5 + √ 5
_________ −5 − √ 5
_________
x= OR x=
4 4
= 317
____
−(−3) ± √ 317 Q. 16. x2 − 12x + 14 = 0
∴ b = ______________
2 × 11 a = 1, b = −12, c = 14
____ ____
3 + √317
_________ 3 − √317
_________ b2 − 4ac = (−12)2 − 4(1)(14)
b= OR b =
22 22 = 144 − 56
Give answer to 3 d.p. = 88
___
b = 0.945|6... OR b = −0.672|9... −(−12) ± √88
______________
∴x=
b = 0.946 OR b = −0.673 2___
×1 ___
12 + √88 12 − √ 88
Q. 14. 2x2 + 4x + 1 = 0 x = _________ OR x= _________
2 2
a = 2, b = 4, c = 1 Give answer in surd form
b2 − 4ac = (4)2 − 4(2)(1)
= 16 − 8 = 8

10 Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 17 Solutions

 ___ _______
Note: √88 = √ 4 × 22 Give answer in surd form
__ ___ ___ __ __
= √ 4 × √ 22 Note √ 20 = √ 4 × √ 5
___ __
= 2√ 22 = 2√5
___ ___ __ __
12 + 2√ 22
__________ 12 − 2√ 22
__________ −2 + 2√5
__________ −2 − 2√ 5
__________
x= OR x = ∴x= OR x =
2 2 8 8
Dividing by 2 gives Dividing by 2 gives
___ ___ __ __
∴ x = 6 + √ 22 OR x = 6 − √22 −1 + √ 5
_________ −1 − √5
_________
x= OR x=
4 4
Q. 17. 5x2 − 16x + 9 = 0
Q. 20. 2 − 10x + 9x2 =0
a = 5, b = −16, c = 9
9x2 − 10x + 2 = 0
b2 − 4ac = (−16)2 − 4(5)(9)
a = 9, b = −10, c = 2
= 256 − 180
b2 − 4ac = (−10)2 − 4(9)(2)
= 76
___ = 100 − 72
−(−16) ± √ 76
∴ x = ______________ = 28
2×5
___ ___
___
−(−10) ± √ 28
x=
16 + √ 76
_________
OR x =
16 − √ 76
_________ x = ______________
10 10 2× 9
___ ___
10 + √ 28
_________ 10 − √28
_________
Give answer to 1 d.p. x= OR x =
18 18
∴ x = 2.4|7... OR x = 0.7|2...
Give answer in surd form
___ ______
x = 2.5 OR x = 0.7
Note: √ 28 = √4 × 7
___ __ __
Q. 18. 15x2 − 21x + 1 = 0 √28 = √4 × √7
__
a = 15, b = −21, c = 1 = 2√7
__ __
b2 − 4ac = (−21)2 − 4(15)(1) 10 + 2√ 7
_________ 10 − 2√ 7
_________
∴x= OR x =
= 441 − 60 18 18
Dividing by 2 gives
= 381 __ __
____
−(−21) ± √ 381 x = 5 + √7
___________ 5 − √7
_______
OR x=
∴ x = _______________ 9 9
2 × 15
____ ____
21 + √ 381 21 − √ 381 Q. 21. 3x = 20 − 8x2
__________ __________
x= OR x =
30 30 8x2 + 3x − 20 = 0
Give answer to 2 d.p. a = 8, b = 3, c = −20
x = 1.35|0... OR x = 0.04|9... b2 − 4ac = (3)2 − 4(8)(−20)
∴ x = 1.35 OR x = 0.05 = 9 + 640

Q. 19. 4x2 = 1 − 2x = 649

____
4x2 + 2x − 1 = 0 −3 ± √ 649
___________
x=
2 ____
×8 ____
a = 4, b = 2, c = −1
−3 + √ 649
___________ −3 − √649
___________
x= OR x =
b2 − 4ac = (2)2 − 4(4)(−1) 16 16
= 4 + 16 Give answer to 3 d.p.
= 20 ∴ x = 1.404|7... OR x = −1.779|7...
___
−2 ± √ 20 ∴ x = 1.405 OR x = −1.780
∴ x = __________
2× 4
___ ___
−2 + √20
__________ −2 − √ 20
__________
x= OR x =
8 8
Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 17 Solutions 11
 Q. 22. 15x2 − 14x = 9 b2 − 4ac = (−2)2 − 4(5)(−11)
15x2 − 14x − 9 = 0 = 4 + 220
a = 15, b = −14, c = −9 = 224
____
b2 − 4ac = (−14)2 − 4(15)(−9) −(−2) ± √224
∴ x = ______________
2×5
= 196 + 540 ____ ____
2 + √224
_________ 2 − √ 224
_________
= 736 x= OR x =
____ 10 10
−(−14) ± √736 Give answer to 2 d.p.
∴ x = _______________
2 × 15
____ ____ x = 1.69|6... OR x = −1.29|6...
14 + √ 736
__________ 14 − √ 736
__________
x= OR x = ∴ x = 1.70 OR x = −1.30
30 30
Give answer in surd form 3
____ ________ Q. 25. 2x2 + 5x + __ = 0 (× 8)
8
Note: √ 736 = √16 × 46
___ ___ 16x2 + 40x + 3 = 0
= √ 16 × √46 a = 16, b = 40, c = 3
___
= 4√46 b2 − 4ac = (40)2 − 4(16)(3)
___ ___
14 + 4√46 14 − 4√46
∴ x = __________ OR x = __________ = 1,600 − 192
30 ___ 30 ___
= 1,408
______
7 + 2√46 7 − 2√ 46
x = _________ OR x = _________ –40 ± √1,408
_____________
15 15 x=
2 × 16
______ ______
Q. 23. 8x2 = 3 − 8x
−40 + √ 1,408
______________ −40 − √1,408
______________
8x2 + 8x − 3 = 0 x= OR x =
32 32
a = 8, b = 8, c = −3 Give answer to 2 d.p.
b2 − 4ac = (8)2 − 4(8)(−3) x = −0.07|7... OR x = −2.42|2...
= 64 + 96 ∴ x = −0.08 OR x = −2.42
= 160
____ x2 2x
−8 ± √160 Q. 26. __ + ___ − 4 = 0 (× 15)
x= ___________ 3 5
2____
×8 ____ 5x2 + 6x − 60 = 0
−8 + √ 160
___________ −8 − √160
___________ a = 5, b = 6, c = −60
x= OR x =
16 16
b2 − 4ac = (6)2 − 4(5)(−60)
Give answer as a surd
____ ________ = 36 + 1,200
Note: √ 160 = √ 16 × 10
___ ___ = 1,236
= √ 16 × √10 ______
___ −6 ± √1,236
_____________
= 4√ 10 ∴x=
___ ___ ______ 2 × 5 ______
−8 + 4√ 10
___________ −8 −4√ 10
__________ −6 + √ 1,236 −6 − √ 1,236
∴x= OR x = x= _____________
OR x = _____________
16 16 10 10
Dividing by 4 gives Give answer to 3 d.p.
___ ___
−2 + √ 10
__________ −2 − √10
__________ x = 2.915|6... OR x = −4.115|6...
x= OR x =
4 4
x = 2.916 OR x = −4.116
Q. 24. 5x2 = 2x + 11
5x2 − 2x − 11 = 0
a = 5, b = −2, c = −11

12 Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 17 Solutions

 4 3 1
Q. 27. __x2 = __ x + __ (× 90) Exercise 17.4
9 2 5
40x2 = 135x + 18
40x2 − 135x − 18 = 0 Q. 1. Solve x2 + 9x + 20 = 0
a = 40, b = −135, c = −18 (x + 4)(x + 5) = 0
b2 − 4ac = (−135)2 − 4(40)(−18) x+4=0 OR x+5=0
= 21,105_______ x = −4 OR x = −5
−(−135) ± √ 21,105
x = ___________________ Use this to solve
_______2 × 40 _______
(y + 1)2 + 9(y + 1) + 20 = 0
135 + √ 21,105 135 − √21,105
x = ______________ OR x = ______________
80 80 ∴ y + 1 = −4 OR y + 1 = −5
Give answer to 2 d.p. y = −5 OR y = −6
∴ x = 3.50|3... OR x = −0.12|8...
Q. 2. Solve x2 − 4x − 32 = 0
x = 3.50 OR x = −0.13
(x + 4)(x − 8) = 0
Q. 28. (x + 2)2 − 2(2x − 3)2 = 10 x+4=0 OR x−8=0
(x + 2)(x + 2) − 2(2x − 3)(2x − 3) = 10 x = −4 OR x=8
x2 + 4x + 4 − 2[4x2 − 12x + 9] = 10
Use this to solve
x2 + 4x + 4 − 8x2 + 24x − 18 − 10 = 0
(4t)2 − 4(4t) − 32 = 0
−7x2 + 28x − 24 = 0 (× −1)
∴ 4t = −4 OR 4t = 8
7x2 − 28x + 24 = 0
t = −1 OR t=2
a = 7, b = −28, c = 24
Q. 3. Solve x2 − 2x − 3 = 0
b2 − 4ac = (−28)2 − 4(7)(24)
(x + 1)(x − 3) = 0
= 784 − 672
x+1=0 OR x−3=0
= 112
____
−(–28) ± √ 112 x = −1 OR x=3
∴ x = ______________
2×7
____ ____ Use this to solve
28 + √112
__________ 28 − √ 112
__________
x= OR x = (t + 1)2 − 2(t + 1) − 3 = 0
14 14
Give answer as surd. ∴ t + 1 = −1 OR t+1=3
____ _______
Note: √112 = √ 16 × 7 t = −2 OR t=2
___ __
= √ 16 × √ 7 Q. 4. (i) Solve x2 − 2x − 15 = 0
__
= 4√ 7 (x + 3)(x − 5) = 0
__ __
28 + 4√ 7 28 − 4√ 7 x+3=0 OR x−5=0
∴ x = _________ OR x = _________
14 14
x = −3 OR x=5
Dividing by 2 gives
__ __
14 + 2√ 7 14 − 2√7 (ii) Hence, solve
_________ _________
x= OR x=
7 7 (3a − 1)2 − 2(3a − 1) − 15 = 0
3a − 1 = −3 OR 3a − 1 = 5
3a = −2 OR 3a = 6
2
a = −__ OR a=2
3

Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 17 Solutions 13

 Q. 5. Solve 2x2 + 7x − 4 = 0 Q. 6. Solve x2 + 2x − 24 = 0
(2x − 1)(x + 4) = 0 (x − 4)(x + 6) = 0
2x − 1 = 0 OR x+4=0 x − 4 = 0 OR x+6=0
2x = 1 OR x = −4 ∴x=4 OR x = −6
1
x = __
2 Hence, solve
Hence, solve 24 − 2(2y + 2) − (2y + 2)2 = 0

( 12
2 ) 1
(
2 2p − __ + 7 2p − __ − 4 = 0
2 ) i.e. × −1 and rearrange order
(2y + 2)2 + 2(2y + 2) − 24 = 0
1 __
__ 1 1
∴ 2p − = OR 2p − __ = −4
2 2 2 ∴ 2y + 2 = 4 OR 2y + 2 = −6
1
__
2p = 1 OR 2p = −3 2y = 2 OR 2y = −8
2
1
__ 7
__ y=1 OR y = −4
p= OR p=−
2 4

Q. 7. (i) Solve 2x2 − 9x − 18 = 0

(2x + 3)(x − 6) = 0
2x + 3 = 0 OR x−6=0
2x = −3 OR x=6
3
x = −__
2
(ii) Hence, solve
2(2a2 − 2)2 − 9(2a2 − 2) − 18 = 0
−3
∴ 2a2 – 2 = ___ OR 2a2 − 2 = 6
2
2 1
__
2a = OR 2a2 = 8
2
1
a = __
2 OR a2 = 4
4 __

√
__
1
∴ a = ± __ OR a = ±√4
4
1
__
a=± OR a = ±2
2
1 __
__ 1
∴a= ,− ,2 OR −2
2 2
Q. 8. Solve x2 − 6x − 16 = 0
(x + 2)(x − 8) = 0
x+2=0 OR x−8=0
x = −2 OR x=8

Hence, solve
(3q2 − 5q)2 − 6(3q2 − 5q) − 16 = 0
∴ 3q2 − 5q = −2 OR 3q2 − 5q = 8
3q2 − 5q + 2 = 0 OR 3q2 − 5q − 8 = 0
(3q − 2)(q − 1) = 0 OR (3q − 8)(q + 1) = 0

14 Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 17 Solutions

 3q – 2 = 0 OR q − 1 = 0 OR 3q − 8 = 0 OR q+1=0
3q = 2 OR q = 1 OR 3q = 8 OR q = −1
2
__ 8
q= OR q = __
3 3
2 8
∴ q = , 1, __, −1
__
3 3
Q. 9. Solve to 2 d.p. x2 − 2x − 7 = 0
a = 1, b = −2, c = −7
b2 − 4ac = (−2)2 − 4(1)(−7)
= 4 + 28
= 32
Using the quadratic
________
formula:
−b ± √b2 − 4ac
x = _______________
2a ___
−(−2) ± √ 32
gives x = _____________ Hence, solve
2×1
___ ___
2 + √ 32 2 − √ 32 (2p − 5)2 − 2(2p − 5) − 7 = 0
________ ________
∴x= OR x = ∴ 2p − 5 = 3.83 OR 2p − 5 = −1.83
2 2
x = 3.82|8... OR x = −1.82|8... 2p = 8.83 OR 2p = 3.17
x = 3.83 OR x = −1.83 p = 4.415 OR p = 1.585

Q. 10. (i) Solve to 1 decimal place: Q. 11. Solve 12x2 − 11x + 2 = 0

5x2 − 2x − 15 = 0
Factors of 24 that add to give –11:
a = 5, b = −2, c = −15
−3 × − 8 = 249
b2 − 4ac = (−2)2 − 4(5)(−15)
−3 −8 = −119
= 4 + 300
∴ 12x2 − 11x + 2 = 0
= 304
____ 12x2 − 3x − 8x + 2 = 0
−(−2) ± √ 304
______________
∴x= 3x(4x − 1) − 2(4x − 1) = 0
____
2×5 ____
2 + √304 2 − √ 304 (3x − 2)(4x − 1) = 0
x = _________ OR x = _________
10 10 3x − 2 = 0 OR 4x − 1 = 0
x = 1.9|4... OR x = −1.5|4... 3x = 2 OR 4x = 1
2 1
x = 1.9 OR x = −1.5 x = __ OR x = __
3 4
(ii) Hence, solve Hence, solve

( a
) a
( )
5 __ + 1 − 2 __ + 1 − 15 = 0
2
2
2
12(3y2 + y)2 − 11(3y2 + y) + 2 = 0
2
∴ 3y2 + y = __ OR 3y2 + y = __
1
a a
∴ __ + 1 = 1.9 OR __ + 1 = −1.5 3 4
2 2 2 2
__
a
__ a Solving 3y + y = (× 3)
= 0.9 OR __ = −2.5 3
2 2 9y2 + 3y = 2
a = 1.8 OR a = −5 9y2 + 3y − 2 = 0

Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 17 Solutions 15

 (3y − 1)(3y + 2) = 0 Q. 6. Pair of roots 8, 0
3y − 1 = 0 OR 3y + 2 = 0 x2 − (8 + 0)x + (8 × 0) = 0
3y = 1 OR 3y = −2 ∴ x2 − 8x = 0
1 2
y = __ OR y = −__
3 3 Q. 7. Pair of roots −5, −4
1
__
Solving 3y2 + y = (× 4) x2 − (−5 − 4)x + (−5 × −4) = 0
4
12y2 + 4y = 1 x2 + 9x + 20 = 0
12y2 + 4y − 1 = 0
Q. 8. Pair of roots 0, −6
(6y − 1)(2y + 1) = 0
x2 − (0 − 6)x + (0 × −6) = 0
6y − 1 = 0 OR 2y + 1 = 0
x2 + 6x = 0
6y = 1 OR 2y = −1
1 1 Q. 9. Pair of roots ±5
y = __ OR y = −__
6 2 x = ±5
1 __ 2 1 1
∴ y = , − , __, −__
__
x2 = 25
3 3 6 2
x2 − 25 = 0
1 2
Q. 10. Pair of roots −__, __
3 7
Exercise 17.5 1 2
x = −__ OR x = __
3 7
Q. 1. Pair of roots 1, 2 3x = −1 OR 7x = 2

x+(
( Sum
roots ) of roots )
of Product 3x + 1 = 0 OR 7x − 2 = 0
x2 − =0
∴ (3x + 1)(7x − 2) = 0
∴ x2 − (1 + 2)x + (1 × 2) = 0
3x(7x − 2) + 1(7x − 2) = 0
x2 − 3x + 2 = 0
21x2 − 6x + 7x − 2 = 0
Q. 2. Pair of roots 5, 6 21x2 + x − 2 = 0

x+(
( Sum
roots ) of roots )
of Product
x2 − =0 Q. 11. Roots of x2 + px + q = 0 are
3 and −2
∴ x2 − (5 + 6)x + (5 × 6) = 0
x2 − (3 − 2)x + (3 × − 2) = 0
x2 − 11x + 30 = 0
x2 − x − 6 = 0
Q. 3. Pair of roots 4, −2 ∴ p = −1 and q = −6
x+(
( Sum
roots ) of roots )
of Product
x2 − =0 Q. 12. Roots of x2 + bx + c = 0 are
0 and −4
∴ x2 − (4 − 2)x + (4 × −2) = 0
x = 0 and x = −4
x2 − 2x − 8 = 0
x = 0 and x + 4 = 0
Q. 4. Pair of roots 7, −5 ∴ x(x + 4) = 0
x2 − (7 − 5)x + (7 × − 5) = 0 x2 + 4x = 0
∴ x2 − 2x − 35 = 0 ∴ b = 4 and c = 0
Q. 5. Pair of roots −11, 11
x2 − (−11 + 11)x + (−11 × 11) = 0
∴ x2 − 121 = 0

16 Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 17 Solutions

Q. 13. Given roots the same: Q. 4. Area of rectangle = length × width
x2 − (a + a)x + (a × a) = 0 ∴ x(x + 2) + (2x + 3)(x + 1) + x(x) = 189
i.e. x2 − 2ax + a2 =0 x2 + 2x + 2x2 + 2x + 3x + 3 + x2 = 189
but x2 − 8x + c = 0 4x2 + 7x − 186 = 0
∴ 2a = 8 hence a = 4 4x2 − 24x + 31x − 186 = 0
∴c=4×4 4x(x − 6) + 31(x − 6) = 0
c = 16 (4x + 31) (x − 6) = 0
4x + 31 = 0 OR x−6=0
4x = −31 OR x=6
Exercise 17.6 31
x = −___
4
Q. 1. x = positive number 31
___
x = − rejected as length is positive
4
x2 + 3x = 88
∴x=6
x2 + 3x – 88 = 0
(x + 11)(x − 8) = 0 Q. 5. Perimeter of rectangle = 160 m
∴ x + 11 = 0 OR x−8=0 (i) P = 2 × length + 2 × width
x = −11 OR x=8 If x = length
Since x is a positive number, the then 160 = 2x + 2 × width
number is 8. 160 − 2x = 2 × width
Q. 2. x = 1st number 160 − 2x
_________
= width
2
x + 2 = 2nd number ∴ width = 80 − x
x(x + 2) = 399 (ii) Area of rectangle = 1536 m2
x2 + 2x − 399 = 0 Area of rectangle = l × w
(x − 19)(x + 21) = 0 ∴ x(80 − x) = 1,536
x − 19 = 0 OR x + 21 = 0 80x − x2 = 1,536 (× −1)
x = 19 OR x = −21 x2 − 80x = −1,536
If x = 19 then x + 2 = 21 i.e. x2 − 80x + 1,536 = 0
19 × 21 = 399 as required (x − 32)(x − 48) = 0
x = −21 rejected as −21 ∉ N ∴ x − 32 = 0 OR x − 48 = 0
∴ The numbers are 19 and 21 x = 32 OR x = 48

Q. 3. Let x = the number If x = 32 then length = 32

x2 + 15 = 8x and width = 80 − 32
x2 − 8x + 15 = 0 = 48
(x − 3)(x − 5) = 0 If x = 48 then length = 48
x − 3 = 0 OR x−5=0 and width = 80 − 48
x = 3 OR x=5 = 32
The number could be 3 OR 5 ∴ The dimensions of the rectangle
are 32 m and 48 m.

Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 17 Solutions 17

 Q. 6. (i) Area of rectangle = l × w Area = (x + 5)(16 − 2x)
∴ x(x + 5) = 14 = 16x − 2x2 + 80 − 10x
x2 + 5x − 14 = 0 = −2x2 + 6x + 80
(x − 2)(x + 7) = 0 (ii) x + 5 + 2x
x − 2 = 0 OR x+7=0 x
x = 2 OR x = −7
16 – 2x + 2x x x
x = −7 rejected as length is positive
x
∴ x = 2 cm
(ii) Area of parallelogram = b × h Garden + Path (total area covered)
∴ (2x − 5)(x + 3) = 21
Area = (3x + 5)(16)
2x2 + 6x − 5x − 15 − 21 = 0
= 48x + 80
2x2 + x − 36 = 0
Area of path only
(2x + 9)(x − 4) = 0
= 48x + 80 − (−2x2 + 6x + 80)
2x + 9 = 0 OR x−4=0
= 48x + 80 + 2x2 − 6x − 80
9
__
x=− OR x=4 = 2x2 + 42x
2
9
x = −__ rejected as length is positive (iii) Given area of path = 67.5 m
2
∴ x = 4 cm 2x2 + 42x = 67.5
1 2x2 + 42x − 67.5 = 0
(iii) Area of triangle = __ bh
2
1 a = 2, b = 42, c = −67.5
∴ __(4x + 3)(2x − 7) = 34.5 (×2)
2
b2 − 4ac = (42)2 − 4(2)(−67.5) = 2,304
(4x + 3)(2x − 7) = 69 ______
8x2 − 28x + 6x − 21 − 69 = 0 −42 ± √2,304
______________ −42 ± 48
x= = _________
4 4
8x2 − 22x − 90 = 0 (÷2)
x = −22.5 OR x = 1.5
4x2 − 11x − 45 = 0
x = −22.5 rejected, as length is
4x2 − 20x + 9x − 45 = 0
positive
4x (x − 5) + 9 (x − 5)=0
∴ x = 1.5 m
(4x + 9)(x − 5) = 0
4x + 9 = 0 OR x–5=0 Q. 8. (i) g = –2t2 + 20t + 7
9 In 1997 t = 7
x = −__ OR x=5
4
∴ g = −2(7)2 + 20(7) + 7
9
x = −__ rejected as length is positive g = 49
4
∴ x = 5 cm 49,000 games sold in 1997
Q. 7. Garden
(ii) 1990 t = 0
(i) x+5
g = −2(0)2 + 20(0) + 7 = 7
1991 t = 1
16 – 2x
g = −2(1)2 + 20(1) + 7 = 25

18 Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 17 Solutions

 1992 t = 2 0 = (n + 1)(n − 4)
g = −2(2)2 + 20(2) + 7 = 39 n+1=0 OR n−4=0
1993 t = 3 n = −1 OR n=4
g = −2(3)2 + 20(3) + 7 = 49 Since n ≥ 0, n = −1 rejected.
1994 t = 4 ∴n=4
g = −2(4)2 + 20(4) + 7 = 55 Q. 10. (i) Perimeter = 46 m
1995 t = 5 Length = x
g= −2(5)2 + 20(5) + 7 = 57 Perimeter = 2l + 2w
1996 t = 6 ∴ 2x + 2w = 46
g= −2(6)2 + 20(6) + 7 = 55 2w = 46 − 2x
1997 g = 49 w = 23 − x
1998 g = 39 width = 23 − x
1999 g = 25
(ii)
1990 to 1994 = 175,000 games x–8

1995 to 1999 = 225,000 games

23 – x
∴ 1995 to 1999 more games were
sold.

(iii) 25,000 games sold

x–8 x x–8
x–8
∴ −2t2 + 20t + 7 = 25
−2t2 + 20t − 18 = 0 Total area of path and pool:
2t2 − 20t + 18 = 0 (÷ 2) length = x + x − 8 + x − 8
t2 − 10t + 9 = 0 = 3x − 16
(t − 1)(t − 9) = 0 width = 23 − x + x − 8 + x − 8
∴ t − 1 = 0 OR t−9=0 =x+7
t = 1 OR t=9 Total area = (3x − 16)(x + 7)
25,000 games were sold in 1991 = 3x2 + 5x − 112
and 1999
Area of path = 140 m2
(iv) After 2000 the number of games ∴ 3x2 + 5x − 112 − x(23 − x) = 140
sold gives a negative answer.
3x2 + 5x − 112 − 23x + x2 = 140
e.g. for 2001 t = 11
4x2 − 18x − 252 = 0
∴g= –2(11)2 + 20(11) + 7
2x2 − 9x − 126 = 0
g = −15 i.e. −15,000 games and
(2x − 21)(x + 6) = 0
thus the formula is no longer valid
2x − 21 = 0 OR x+6=0
Q. 9. Sold n bars for (n + 1) cents. Solve for 2x = 21 OR x = −6 ← reject
money taken each day:
x = 10.5
n(n + 1) = 2(n + 1)(n − 2)
Dimensions of pool = 10.5 and
n2 + n = 2[n2 − 2n + n − 2] 23 − 10.5 = 12.5
n2 + n = 2n2 − 2n − 4 Length = 10.5 m, width = 12.5 m
0= n2 − 3n − 4

Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 17 Solutions 19

 Q. 11. C(x) = 9 + 16x − 0.5x2 Since t ≥ 0 ∴ t = 4 seconds.
C = cost in euros It will take 4 seconds to hit the
x = no. of chairs produced ground.
(i) If x = 10 Q. 13. N(t) = 16t2 − 200t + 625
C = 9 + 16(10) − 0.5(10)2 (i) When t = 0
C = 119 N = 16(0)2 − 200(0) + 625
costs €119 = 625
(ii) 9 + 16x −0.5x2 = 135 625 spores present
−0.5x2 + 16x −126 = 0 (ii) At t = 3
x2 − 32x + 252 = 0 N = 16(3)2 − 200(3) + 625
(x − 14)(x − 18) = 169
x = 14 OR x = 18 169 spores after 3 minutes
Answer: 14 chairs
(iii) 625 spores present initially
(iii) If x = 15 84% of 625 = 525 spores killed
C = 9 + 16(15) − 0.5(15)2 ∴ 100 spores left
C = €136.50 ∴ 16t2 − 200t + 625 = 100
Chairs sold at €30 each 16t2 − 200t + 525 = 0
∴ Profit = €30 × 15 − €136.50 a = 16, b = −200, c = 525
= €313.50 b2 − 4ac = (−200)2 − 4(16)(525)
Q. 12. h(t) = −5t2 + 18t + 8 = 6,400
(i) When t = 0 Using the quadratic formula:
______
−(−200) ± √6,400
h = −5(0)2 + 18(0) + 8 t = _________________
2 × 16
h=8
200 + 80 200 − 80
Object fired from height of 8 m t = _________ OR t = _________
32 32

(ii) Average speed in 1st second t = 8_34 OR t = 3_34

when t = 1, h = −5(1)2 + 18(1) + 8 ∴ The shortest time is 3_34 minutes

h = 21
Distance 21 − 8 (iv) The laboratory technician may
Average Speed: ________ = _______ have recommended not releasing
time 1
the fungicide for commercial use
∴ Average speed = 13 m/s
as 3_43 minutes may be too long
(iii) When h = 0 to wait to kill 84% of the spores
initially present.
−5t2 + 18t + 8 = 0
5t2 − 18t − 8 = 0 Q. 14. (i) Area of field
5t2 − 20t + 2t − 8 = 0 = (8x + 6)(13x + 11)
5t(t − 4) + 2(t − 4) = 0 = 104x2 + 88x + 78x + 66
(5t + 2)(t − 4) = 0 = 104x2 + 166x + 66
5t + 2 = 0 OR t−4=0
2
__
t=− OR t=4
5
20 Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 17 Solutions
 (ii) Area covered by barn b2 − 4ac = (−9)2 − 4(2)(−1)
= x(x + 5) = 81 + 8 = 89
= x2 + 5x Using the quadratic formula:
___
−(−9) ± √89
_____________
(iii) Area unbuilt = 1,476 m2 x=
2___
×2 ___
∴ 104x2 + 166x + 66 − (x2 + 5x) = 1,476 9 + √ 89 9 − √ 89
x = ________ OR x= ________
103x2 + 161x − 1,410 = 0 4 4
a = 103, b = 161, c = −1,410 x = 4.608... OR x = −0.108...
b2 − 4ac = (161)2 − 4(103)(−1,410) Since x ≥ 0 reject x = −0.108
= 606,841 x = 4.608...m (× 100)
Using the quadratic formula: ∴ x = 460.8... cm
________
−161 ± √ 606,841 The ball landed 461 cm from the
x = _________________
2 × 103 batter (to the nearest cm).
−161 + 779 −161 − 779
x = ____________ OR x = ____________ (iv) The batter wouldn’t have been
206 206
pleased to hit the ball such a
x = 3 OR x = −4.56...
short distance of only 461 cm.
as x > 0, x = −4.56... rejected
∴x=3 Q. 16. Using Pythagoras’ Theorem:

Dimensions of the field for x = 3 (i) (6x)2 + (3x − 7)2 = (8x − 21)2
are: 36x2 + 9x2 − 42x + 49
8x + 6 = 8(3) + 6 = 30 m = 64x2 − 336x + 441
and 13x + 11 = 13(3) + 11 45x2 − 42x + 49
= 50 m = 64x2 − 336x + 441
Dimensions of field: 50 m by 30 m 0 = 19x2 − 294x + 392
a = 19, b = −294, c = 392
Q. 15. y = −2x2 + 9x + 1
b2 − 4ac = (−294)2 − 4(19)(392)
y = height above ground (m)
= 56,644
x = horizontal distance (m)
Using the quadratic formula:
_______
(i) When x = 0 −(−294) ± √ 56,644
x = ___________________
y = −2(0)2 + 9(0) + 1 2 _______
× 19
y=1
294 + √ 56,644
x = ______________
38
Height of ball: 1 m
OR _______
(ii) When x = 2 294 − √56,644
x = ______________
y = −2(2)2 + 9(2) + 1 38
28
y = 11 x = 14 OR x = ___
19
28
Height of ball: 11 m If x = ___ then
19
(iii) When y = 0 (i.e. ball landed)
⇒ −2x2 + 9x + 1 = 0
( 28
3x − 7 = 3 × ___ − 7 = −2__
19
11
19)
2x2 − 9x − 1 = 0 which is invalid, as length cannot
be negative ∴ x = __ 28
19
is rejected
a = 2, b = −9, c = −1
∴ x = 14

Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 17 Solutions 21

 (ii) Two shorter sides (ii) 2x2 − 5x + 9 = 0
(7x − 2)2 + (2x − 8)2 a = 2, b = −5, c = 9
= 49x2 − 28x + 4 + 4x2 − 32x + 64 b2 − 4ac = (−5)2 − 4(2)(9)
= 53x2 − 60x + 68 = 25 − 72
Longest side (hypotenuse) = −47
(6x + 2)2 = 36x2 + 24x + 4 Since the discriminant b2 − 4ac is
If it is a right-angled triangle negative, the equation has no real
solutions,
_____ i.e. we cannot evaluate
53x2 − 60x + 68 = 36x2 + 24x + 4
√ −47 .
17x2 − 84x + 64 = 0
(iii) A possible correction to the
a = 17, b = −84, c = 64 equation is to change +9 to −9,
b2 − 4ac = (−84)2 − 4(17)(64) so that b2 − 4ac = 25 + 72
= 2,704 = 97 which is positive.
Using the quadratic formula
______ Q. 18. N
−(−84) ± √ 2,704
x = ________________
______ 2 × 17 ______

x=
84 + √ 2,704
____________
OR x =
84 − √ 2,704
____________ 27x
60 km
34 34
16
___
x = 4 OR x =
17
36x E
If x = 4, then one of the sides
2x − 8 = 2(4) − 8 = 0 Where x = time in hours
16
17
16
17( )
If x = ___ then 2 ___ − 8 = −6__
2
17
(27x)2 + (36x)2 = 602
729x2 + 1,296x2 = 3,600
We cannot have a negative length
side or a side of length zero. 2,025x2 = 3,600
3,600
∴ Abdul has indeed made a x2 = ______
mistake. 2,025
______

√
___ 3,600
4 ± √ 76 x = ______
Q. 17. (i) x = ________ 2,025
6 ________ 60
x = ___
−b ± √ b2 − 4ac 45
x = _______________
2a x = 1_13 hours
∴ 2a = 6 ⇒ a = 3
−b = 4 ⇒ b = −4 x = 1 hour 20 mins
b2 − 4ac = 76 Started at 08:50 then 60 km apart after
∴ (−4)2 − 4(3)(c) = 76 1 hour 20 mins

16 − 12c = 76 ∴ time = 10:10

9x2 5x
−12c = 60 Q. 19. y = −___ + ___ + 11
20 2
c = −5 y = height above sea level (m)
The quadratic equation of the form x = horizontal distance from cliff face (m)
ax2 + bx + c = 0 (i) When x = 0
−9 5
where a = 3, b = −4, c = 5 y = ___(0)2 + __(0) + 11
20 2
is 3x2 − 4x − 5 = 0 Pebble is 11 m high

22 Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 17 Solutions

 (ii) When x = 3
−9 5
y = ___(3)2 + __(3) + 11
20 2
y = 14__
9
20
Height of pebble is 14__
9
20 m (or 14.45 m)
(iii) When y = 0
−9 2 __
___ 5
x + x + 11 = 0 (× −20)
20 2
9x2 − 50x − 220 = 0
a = 9, b = −50, c = −220
b2 − 4ac = (−50)2 _______
− 4(9)(−220) = 10,420
−(−50) ± √10,420
∴ x = _________________
2×9
_______ _______

x=
50 + √ 10,420
_____________
OR x =
50 − √ 10,420
_____________
18 18
x = 8.44|88... OR x = −2.8932...
as x > 0 reject x = −2.8932...
∴ x = 8.45 to 2 d.p.
The pebble is 8.45 m (to two decimal places) from the cliff face.

Q. 20. d = 0.0058v2 + 0.20v

d = stopping distance (m)
v = speed (km/hr)

(i) v = 70 km/hr
d = 0.0058(70)2 + 0.20(70)
d = 42.42
Stopping distance = 42.42 m

(ii) If d = 100 m
0.0058v2 + 0.20v = 100 (× 10,000)
58v2 + 2,000v − 1,000,000 = 0 (÷ 2)
29v2 + 1,000v − 500,000 = 0
a = 29, b = 1,000, c = −500,000
b2 − 4ac = (1,000)2 − 4(29)(−500,000) = 59,000,000
Using the quadratic formula:
___________
−1,000 ± √ 59,000,000
_____________________
v=
2 × 29
v = 115.192... OR v = −149.674...
Since v ≥ 0, v = −149.67... rejected
The speed of the car was 115 km/hr (to nearest km/hr).

Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 17 Solutions 23

 Q. 21. (i) y (ii) If R = €3,000
1
80x − __x2 = 3,000 (× −2)
x x x 2
2
−160x + x = −6,000
y x2 − 160x + 6,000 = 0
y + y + x + x + x = 200 (x − 60)(x − 100) = 0
2y + 3x = 200 ∴ x − 60 = 0 OR x − 100 = 0
2y = 200 − 3x x = 60 OR x = 100
200 − 3x 60 units must be sold
y = _________
2
(iii) c(x) = 10x + 50
(ii) Area of one of the fields
where c = cost
y 1 200 − 3x
x × __ = x × __ × _________
2 2 2 ( ) If x = 25 then c = 10 × 25 + 50
200x − 3x2 c = 300
= __________
4 Cost is €300 to produce 25 units
(iii) Area of field = 833_13 m2
(iv) If c = €750
200x − 3x2
∴ __________ = 833_13 (× 4) then 10x + 50 = 750
4
10,000 10x = 700
200x − 3x2 = _______ (× 3)
3 x = 70
600x − 9x2 = 10,000 ∴ 70 units manufactured
9x2 − 600x + 10,000 = 0
(v) Profit = sales revenue − cost
9x2 − 300x − 300x + 10,000 = 0
If profit is €1,950 then
3x(3x − 100) − 100(3x − 100) = 0 1
80x − __x2 − (10x + 50) = 1,950
(3x − 100)(3x − 100) = 0 2
1 2
__
∴ 3x − 100 = 0 − x + 70x − 50 − 1,950 = 0
2
3x = 100 1 2
__
− x + 70x − 2,000 = 0 (×−2)
2
x = 33_13
x2 − 140x + 4,000 = 0
_
1 200 − 3x
_________
If x = 333 and y =
2 (x − 40)(x − 100) = 0

then y =
200 − 3 33_13
____________ ( ) ∴ x = 40 OR x = 100
2 40 units must be made
∴ y = 50
1 Q. 23. h = 22 + 60t − 10t2
The value of x is 33__ m and the
3
value of y is 55 m t = time in seconds
1 h = height in metres
Q. 22. R(x) = 80x − __ x2
2 (i) When h = 0
x = no. of furniture units
22 + 60t − 10t2 = 0 (×−1)
(i) When x = 50 10t2 − 60t − 22 = 0 (÷ 2)
1
__
R = 80(50) − (50)2 5t2 − 30t − 11 = 0
2
R = 4,000 − 1,250 a = 5, b = −30, c = −11
R = 2,750
Revenue of €2,750
24 Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 17 Solutions
 b2 − 4ac = (−30)2 − 4(5)(−11) The maximum height occurs
= 900 + 220 at t = 3 seconds

= 1,120 i.e. h = 22 + 60(3) − 10(3)2

Using the quadratic formula = 22 + 180 − 90

______
−(−30) ± √ 1,120 = 112
t = ________________
______ 2×5 ______ The maximum height the
30 + √ 1,120 30 − √
t = ____________ OR t = ____________
1,120 cannonball reaches is 112 m
10 10 ∴ 120 m is not possible
t = 6.346... OR t = −0.346...
Alternative solution:
t = 6.3 to 1 d.p.
Using a table
The cannonball hits the ground
after 6.3 seconds to 1 d.p. t 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
(ii) When t = 0 h 22 72 102 112 102 72 22
h = 22 + 60(0) − 10(0)2
From the table of values one
h = 22
can see that after 3 seconds the
The cannonball was fired from cannonball’s height starts to reduce
22 m from its maximum of 112 m
(iii) Algebraically, 22 + 60t − 10t2
height = 120 does not have a real
solution

3
6.346
–0.346 time

Revision Exercises

Q. 1. (a) (i) Solve

x2 + x − 20 = 0
(x − 4)(x + 5) = 0
x = 4 OR x = −5
(ii) x2 + 3x − 70 = 0
(x − 7)(x + 10) = 0
x = 7 OR x = −10
(iii) x2 − 25 = 0
x2 = 25
___
x = ±√ 25
x = ±5
(iv) x2 − 7x = 0
x(x − 7) = 0
∴ x = 0 OR x=7

Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 17 Solutions 25

 (b) Using quadratic formula
________
−b ± √ b2 − 4ac
x = _______________
2a
(i) x2 + 5x − 3 = 0
a = 1, b = 5, c = −3
b2 − 4ac = (5)2 − 4(1)(−3) = 37
___
−5 ± √ 37
__________
∴x=
2 ×___1 ___
−5 + √ 37 −5 − √ 37
x = __________ OR x= __________
2 2
x = 0.54|1... OR x = −5.54|1...
x = 0.54 OR x = −5.54 to 2 d.p.
(ii) x2 − 7x − 1 = 0
a = 1, b = −7, c = −1
b2 − 4ac = (−7)2 − 4(1)(−1) = 53
___
−(−7) ± √ 53
_____________
∴x=
2×1
___ ___
7 + √ 53 7 − √ 53
x = ________ OR x= ________
2 2
x = 7.14|0... OR x = −0.14|0...
x = 7.14 OR x = −0.14 to 2 d.p.
(iii) x2 − 4x − 2 = 0
a = 1, b = −4, c = −2
b2 − 4ac = (−4)2 ___
− 4(1)(−2) = 24
−(−4) ± √ 24
∴ x = _____________
2 ___
×1 ___
4 + √ 24
________ 4 − √ 24
________
x= OR x =
2 2
x = 4.44|9... OR x = −0.44|9...
x = 4.45 OR x = −0.45 to 2 d.p.
(c) Solve x2 − 10x + 21 = 0
(x − 3)(x − 7) = 0
x = 3 OR x=7

Hence solve
(2t + 1)2 − 10(2t + 1) + 21 = 0
2t + 1 = 3 ∴ 2t = 2 OR 2t + 1 = 7 ∴ 2t = 6
t = 1 OR t=3

26 Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 17 Solutions

Q. 2. (a) (i) Solve
2x2 − 3x = 0
x(2x − 3) = 0
x = 0 OR 2x = 3
3
x = __
2
(ii) 10x2 + x − 2 = 0
(2x + 1)(5x − 2) = 0
2x + 1 = 0 OR 5x − 2 = 0
−1
___ 2
x= OR x = __
2 5
(iii) 9x2 − 4 = 0
4
x2 = __
9
__
4
x = ± __
9 √
2
x = ±__
3
(b) (i) 2x2 + 8x − 3 = 0
a = 2, b = 8, c = −3
b2 − 4ac = (8)2 − 4(2)(−3) = 64 + 24 = 88
___
−8 ± √ 88
__________
∴x=
2×2
___ _______ ___
Note: √ 88 = √4 × 22 = 2√ 22
___ ___
−8 + 2√ 22
___________ −8 − 2√22
___________
∴x= OR x=
4 ___ 4 ___
−4 + √22 −4 − √22
x = __________ OR x = __________
2 2
(ii) 5x2 − 11x + 1 = 0
a = 5, b = −11, c = 1
b2 − 4ac = (−11)2 − 4(5)(1) = 101
____
−(−11) ± √101
_______________
∴x=
2 ____
×5 ____
11 + √101 11 − √ 101
x = __________ OR x= __________
10 10
(iii) 6x2 − x − 3 = 0
a = 6, b = −1, c = −3
b2 − 4ac = (−1)2 − 4(6)(−3) = 73
___
−(−1) ± √73
_____________
∴x=
2 ___
×6 ___
1 + √73 1 − √ 73
x = ________ OR x= ________
12 12

Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 17 Solutions 27

 Q. 3. (a) (i) Given roots 2 and 3

(
x2 −
Sum of
roots ) (
Product
x + ________ = 0
of roots )
∴ x2 – (2 + 3)x + (2 × 3) = 0
x2 − 5x + 6 = 0

(ii) Given roots −4 and 2

x2 − (−4 + 2)x + (−4 × 2) = 0
x2 − (−2x) − 8 = 0
x2 + 2x − 8 = 0

(iii) Given roots 3 and −5

x2 − (3 − 5)x + (3 × −5) = 0
x2 − (−2x) − 15 = 0
x2 + 2x − 15 = 0

(iv) Given roots 2 and 0

x2 − (2 + 0)x + (2 × 0) = 0
x2 − 2x = 0

(b) (i) x2 = 5x + 7
x2 − 5x − 7 = 0
a = 1, b = −5, c = −7
b2 − 4ac = (−5)2 − 4(1)(−7) = 53
___
−(−5) ± √ 53
_____________
∴x=
2 ___
×1 ___
5 + √ 53 5 − √ 53
x = ________ OR x= ________
2 2
x = 6.140|0... OR x = −1.140|0...
x = 6.140 OR x = −1.140 to 3 d.p.

(ii) 2x2 + 1 = 10x

2x2 − 10x + 1 = 0
a = 2, b = −10, c = 1
b2 − 4ac = (−10)2 − 4(2)(1) = 92
___
−(−10) ± √ 92
______________
∴x=
2×
___
2 ___
10 + √ 92 10 − √ 92
x = _________ OR x= _________
4 4
x = 4.897|9... OR x = 0.102|0...
∴ x = 4.898 OR x = 0.102 to 3 d.p.

28 Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 17 Solutions

 (iii) 3 − x − 3x2 = 0 (×−1)
3x2 +x−3=0
a = 3, b = 1, c = −3
b2 − 4ac = (1)2 − 4(3)(−3) = 37
___
−1 ± √ 37
__________
∴x=
2×3
___ ___
−1 + √37
__________ −1 − √ 37
__________
x= OR x=
6 6
x = 0.847|1... OR x = –1.180|4...
x = 0.847 OR x = −1.180 to 3 d.p.
(c) (i) 21x2 + 2x − 3 = 0
(7x + 3)(3x − 1) = 0
∴ 7x + 3 = 0 OR 3x − 1 = 0
3 1
x = −__ OR x = __
7 3
(ii) 5x2 + 6 = 13x
5x2 − 13x + 6 = 0
(5x − 3)(x − 2) = 0
5x − 3 = 0 OR x−2=0
3
∴ x = __ OR x=2
5
(iii) 5(x2 − 4) = 2(x − 10)
5x2 − 20 = 2x − 20
5x2 − 2x = 0
x(5x − 2) = 0
2
∴ x = 0 OR x = __
5
Q. 4. (a) (i) x2 – ax – b = 0 with roots 7 (b) Solve x2 − 10x − 11 = 0
and −2 (x + 1)(x − 11) = 0
x2 − (
Sum of
roots
x+ ) (
Product
of roots
=0 ) ∴x+1=0
x = −1 OR
OR x − 11 = 0
x = 11
∴ x2 − (7 − 2)x + (7 × −2) = 0
Hence solve
x2 − 5x − 14 = 0
(3t − 1)2 − 10(3t − 1) − 11 = 0
∴ a = 5 and b = 14
3t − 1 = −1 OR 3t − 1 = 11
(ii) x2+ ax + b = 0 with roots −8 3t = 0 OR 3t = 12
and −2 t=0 OR t=4
∴ x2 − (−8 − 2)x + (−8 × −2) = 0
x2 − (−10x) + 16 = 0
x2 + 10x + 16 = 0
∴ a = 10 and b = 16

Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 17 Solutions 29

 (c) (i) Solve to 1 d.p. x2 + 2x − 10 = 0
a = 1, b = 2, c = −10
b2 − 4ac = (2)2 − 4(1)(−10) = 44
___
−2 ± √ 44
__________
∴x=
2 × 1___ ___
−2 + √ 44
__________ −2 − √ 44
__________
x= OR x =
2 2
x = 2.3|1... OR x = −4.3|1...
x = 2.3 OR x = −4.3 to 1 d.p.
(ii) Hence solve
(t + 1)2 + 2(t + 1) − 10 = 0
t + 1 = 2.3 OR t + 1 = −4.3
∴ t = 1.3 OR t = −5.3 to 1 d.p.

Q. 5. N(t) = −2t2 + 11t + 13 (iv) The formula only gives valid

(i) When t = 0 values between t = 0 and t = 6_21.
Outside these times negative
N = −2(0)2 + 11(0) + 13
answers are given, e.g. if t = 7
N = 13
N = −2(7)2 + 11(7) + 13
∴ 13,000 bacteria present initially
∴ N = −8 rejected, as we cannot
(ii) When N = 25 have −8,000 bacteria present
−2t2 + 11t + 13 = 25 Q. 6. Let x = side length of small square
−2t2 + 11t − 12 = 0 (× −1) ∴ 1 − x = side length of large square
2t2 − 11t + 12 = 0 (1 − x)2 = 2(x)2
2t2 − 8t − 3t + 12 = 0 (1 − x)(1 − x) = 2x2
2t(t − 4) − 3(t − 4) = 0 1 − 2x + x2 − 2x2 = 0
(2t − 3)(t − 4) = 0 −x2 − 2x + 1 = 0 (× −1)
∴ 2t − 3 = 0 OR t − 4 = 0 x2 + 2x − 1 = 0
3
t = __ OR t=4 a = 1, b = 2, c = −1
2
As t is time in hours, there will b2 − 4ac = (2)2 − 4(1)(−1) = 8
__
be 25,000 bacteria present at 1_12 −2 ± √ 8
_________
∴x=
hours and 4 hours. 2 ×__1 __
−2 + √ 8 −2 − √ 8
(iii) When N = 0 x = _________ OR x= _________
2 2
−2t2 + 11t + 13 = 0 (×−1) x = 0.414|2... OR x = −2.414...
2t2 − 11t − 13 = 0 Since x > 0 reject x = −2.414...
(2t − 13)(t + 1) = 0 ∴ x = 0.414 to 3 d.p.
∴ 2t − 13 = 0 OR t+1=0 Side length small square
13 = 0.414 m to 3 d.p.
t = ___ OR t = −1
2
Side length large square
∴ No bacteria at 6_12 hours.
(t = −1 rejected, as time = 1 − 0.414
cannot be negative) = 0.586 m to 3 d.p.

30 Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 17 Solutions

Q. 7. x = width of rectangle 2x(x − 3) + 9(x − 3) = 0
(i) length = 2x + 3 (2x + 9)(x − 3) = 0
∴ 2x + 9 = 0 OR x−3=0
(ii) Area of rectangle = length × width
−9
∴ Area = (2x + 3)x x = ___ OR x=3
2
= 2x2 + 3x
since x > 0 then x = 3
(iii) Area = 27 m2 width of rectangle = 3 m
∴ 2x2 + 3x = 27 length of rectangle = 2 × 3 + 3
2x2 + 3x − 27 = 0 =9m
2x2 − 6x + 9x − 27 = 0

Q. 8. (i) 20 m length of wire

Perimeter of one square
= 4(x + 0.5)
= 4x + 2
∴ Perimeter of other square
= 20 − (4x + 2)
= 18 − 4x
∴ Side length of other square
18 − 4x
= _______
4
= 4.5 − x

(ii) (x + 0.5)2 + (4.5 − x)2 = 14.33

x2 + x + 0.25 + 20.25 − 9x + x2 − 14.33 = 0
∴ 2x2 − 8x + 6.17 = 0
a = 2, b = −8, c = 6.17
b2 − 4ac = (−8)2 − 4(2)(6.17) = 14.64
______
−(−8) ± √ 14.64
x = _______________
2______
×2 ______
8 + √ 14.64 8 − √ 14.64
x = ___________ OR x= ___________
4 4
x = 2.95|6... OR x = 1.04|3
x = 2.96 OR x = 1.04 to 2 d.p.

We can use either value of x to find the side length of each square.
If x = 2.96 then side lengths are
x + 0.5 = 2.96 + 0.5 = 3.46
similarly
4.5 − x = 4.5 − 2.96
= 1.54
∴ Side lengths are 1.54 m and 3.46 m

Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 17 Solutions 31

 Q. 9. v(t) = 10 + 36t − 5t2 Q. 10. Area of garden = 6x2 + 11x − 10
v = value of investment (‘000s) 6x2 + 11x − 10 = 6x2 + 15x − 4x − 10
t = time in months = 3x(2x + 5) − 2(2x + 5)
(i) When t = 0
= (3x − 2)(2x + 5)
v = 10 + 36(0) − 5(0)2
Therefore, the original dimensions of
v = 10
the garden are 3x – 2 and 2x + 5
Original value of investment
Area = l × w
€10,000
(ii) When t = 3 Comparing the new area and the
original area:
v = 10 + 36(3) − 5(3)2
v = 73 (3x − 2 + 2)(2x + 5 − 2)
Increase: €73,000 − €10,000 = [6x2 + 11x − 10] − 10
= €63,000 3x(2x + 3) = 6x2 + 11x − 20
Investment increased by €63,000 6x2 + 9x = 6x2 + 11x − 20
(iii) 10 + 36t −5t2 = 52.75 −2x = −20
5t2 − 36t + 42.75 =0 ∴ x = 10
___________________
+36 ± √(−36)2 − 4(5)(42.75) OR
t = ___________________________
____
2(5)
36 ± √ 441 36 ± 21 (3x − 2 − 2)(2x + 5 + 2)
= __________ = ________
10 10 = [6x2 + 11x − 10] − 10
t = 1.5 months or 5.7 months (3x − 4)(2x + 7) = 6x2 + 11x − 20
(iv) When t = 4 6x2 + 21x − 8x − 28 = 6x
6x 6x2 + 11x − 20
v = 10 + 36(4) − 5(4)2 2x = 8
v = 74 i.e. €74,000 ∴x=4
When t = 5 If x = 10 If x = 4
v = 10 + 36(5) − 5(5)2 3x − 2 = 3(10) − 2 3x − 2 = 3(4) − 2
v = 65 i.e. €65,000 = 28 = 10
After 4 months the value of the 2x + 5 = 2(10) + 5 2x + 5 = 2(4) + 5
investment starts to decline, = 25 = 13
dropping from €74,000 at
4 months to €65,000 at 5 months. Original dimensions of the garden are
This is why the investor chooses 25 m by 28 m OR 10 m by 13 m
to sell after 4 months.

t2
Q. 11. d = 3t + __
4
d = distance in m
t = number of seconds
(i) When t = 1
12
d = 3(1) + __
4
d = 3_14
3.25 m travelled in 1 second

32 Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 17 Solutions

 (ii) When d = 14
t2
3t + __ = 14 (× 4)
4
12t + t2 = 56
t2 + 12t − 56 = 0
a = 1, b = 12, c = −56
b2 − 4ac = (12)2 − 4(1)(−56) = 368
____
−12 ± √ 368
____________
t=
2 × 1____ ____
−12 + √ 368 −12 − √ 368
t = ____________ OR t= ____________
2 2
t = 3.5|91... OR t = −15.591...
Since t ≥ 0, t = −15.591... rejected
∴ t = 3.6 seconds to 1 d.p.
distance travelled
(iii) Average speed = _______________
time taken
when d = 32
t2
⇒ 3t + __ = 32 (× 4)
4
12t + t2 = 128
t2 + 12t − 128 = 0
a = 1, b = 12, c = −128
b2 − 4ac = (12)2 − 4(1)(−128) = 656
____
−12 ± √ 656
____________
∴t=
2 × 1____ ____
−12 + √ 656
____________ −12 − √ 656
____________
t= OR t =
2 2
t = 6.8|0... OR t = −18.80...
Since t ≥ 0, t = −18.80... rejected
∴ t = 6.8 seconds to 1 d.p.
∴ Average speed = 32 m/6.8
= 4.7 m/s to 1 d.p.
Q. 12.

193
x

263 – x

Using Pythagoras’ theorem

x2 + (263 − x)2 = 1932
x2 + 69,169 − 526x + x2 − 37,249 = 0
2x2 − 526x + 31,920 = 0 (÷ 2)
x2 − 263x + 15,960 = 0

Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 17 Solutions 33

 a = 1, b = −263, c = 15,960
b2 − 4ac = (−263)2 − 4(1)(15,960) = 5,329
______
−(−263) ± √5,329
x = _________________
2 ______
×1 ______
263 + √ 5,329
x = _____________ OR x=
263 − √5,329
_____________
2 2
x = 168 OR x = 95
The lengths of the sides of the triangle are 193 cm, 168 cm and 95 cm.

Q. 13. h(t) = 54t − 5t2 Q. 14. x = width of garden

h = height in m House
t = time in seconds
x x
(i) At t = 3
h = 54(3) − 5(3)2 y
h = 117
80 metres of fencing
Height will be 117 m
(i) y + x + x = 80
(ii) When launched t = 0 y = 80 − 2x
∴ h = 54(0) − 5(0)2 (ii) Area = l × w
h=0 = (80 − 2x)x
Height is zero metres = 80x − 2x2
(iii) When h = 0
(iii) 80x − 2x2 = 487.5
⇒ 54t − 5t2 = 0 (×−1)
2x2 − 80x + 487.5 = 0
5t2 − 54t = 0
a = 2, b = −80, c = 487.5
t(5t − 54) = 0
54 b2 − 4ac = (−80)2 −4(2)(487.5)
∴ t = 0 OR t = ___
5 = 2,500
t = 10_45 ______
80 ± √2,500
_____________ 80 ± 50
It will take 10.8 seconds for the x= = ________
2(2) 4
rocket to return to ground.
x = 32.5 OR x = 7.5
Answer 1: width = 32.5 m
length = 80 − 2(32.5)
= 15 m
Answer 2: width = 7.5 m
length = 80 − 2(7.5)
= 65 m

34 Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 17 Solutions

Q. 15. x x x

y y y y

x x x

Length of fencing = 6x + 4y
Length of fencing = 800 m
∴ 6x + 4y = 800
4y = 800 − 6x
3
y = 200 − __x
2
( 3
)
Area = 200 − __x (3x) = 10,200
2
9x2
600x − ___ – 10,200 = 0 (× −2)
2
9x2 − 1,200x + 20,400 = 0
a = 9, b = −1,200, c = 20,400
b2 − 4ac = (−1,200)2 − 4(9)(20,400) = 705,600
________
−(−1,200) ± √ 705,600
x = _____________________
2×9
1,200 + 840 1,200 − 840
x = ____________ OR x = ____________
18 18
x = 113_13 OR x = 20
3
If x = 20 then y = 200 − __(20)
2
y = 170
3
If x = 1133 then y = 200 − __ 113_13
_
1
2 ( )
y = 30
∴ Possible sets of lengths and widths of each plot are 20 m and 170 m or 30 m and
113_13 m.
Q. 16. (a) 1 x 2 3

8m x

8 4
10 m

7 6 5

Eight sections numbered 1 to 8

Areas of 1, 3, 5 and 7 are the same at x × x
Areas of 2 and 6 are the same at 8 × x

Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 17 Solutions 35

 (b) Areas of 4 and 8 are the same at 10 × x
∴ Overall area of path
= 4(x2) + 2(8x) + 2(10x)
= 4x2 + 16x + 20x
= 4x2 + 36x

Area of plot = 143 m2

Area of garden = 80 m2
∴ Area of path = 63 m2
Kevin’s equation is
Area of path + area of garden = total area
(4x2 + 36x) + 80 = 143
Simplified:
4x2 + 36x − 63 = 0
(c) 2x + 8
x
x x
8m

10 m
2x + 10

(d) Area of plot = 143 m2

From Elaine’s diagram total area = (2x + 8)(2x + 10)
∴ (2x + 8)(2x + 10) = 143
4x2 + 20x + 16x + 80 − 143 = 0
4x2 + 36x − 63 = 0
(e) Solving 4x2 + 36x − 63 = 0
a = 4, b = 36, c = −63
b2 − 4ac = (36)2 − 4(4)(−63)
= 2,304
______
−36 ± √2,304
______________
∴x=
2×4
−36 + 48 −36 − 48
∴ x = _________ OR x = _________
8 8
x = 1_12 OR x = −10_12

Since x > 0, x = –10_12 rejected

∴ x = 1_12
The width of the path is 1.5 m.

36 Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 17 Solutions

 (f) Tony’s method of guess and check.
If x = 1 then the overall dimensions of the plot would have been 8 + 1 + 1 = 10
and 10 + 1 + 1 = 12
Area: 10 × 12 = 120 m2 which is smaller than 143 m2 so the path must be greater
than 1 m
If x = 2 then the dimensions
are 8 + 2 + 2 = 12
and 10 + 2 + 2 = 14
giving an area of 12 × 14 = 168 m2
which is too big
If x = 1.5 then the dimensions
are 8 + 1.5 + 1.5 = 11
and 10 + 1.5 + 1.5 = 13
giving 11 × 13 = 143 m2 is the correct area

(g) For simple whole numbers like a path of 1 or 2 m, Tony’s method is quick and easy.
However, for large numbers or decimal lengths, Elaine’s method is the most direct.

Q. 17. (a) Larger length: Sum of lengths: (h) Correct to the nearest thousandth,
Shorter length Larger length the golden ratio is equal to 1.618.
So, if one quantity is 61.8% larger
p
_____
p+q
_________ than another quantity, then the two
q p quantities are in golden ratio to
each other.
1
p (i) −__x1 = 1.618 = x2 = golden ratio
(b) x = __
q
(to three decimal places)
1
(c) 1 + __ 1
x (j) ______ ≈ 0.618
1.618
p+q
p ______
(d) __
q = p
1
So, 1 + ______ ≈ 1.618
1.618
p
__ q
__ So, the golden ratio minus its
q = 1 + p reciprocal equals 1.
1
__
x=1+ x x≠0 OR
x2 = x + 1 1
x = 1 + __
x (from part (d))
x2 − x − 1 = 0
__ So, the golden ratio minus its
1 ± √5
_______
(e) x = reciprocal equals 1.
2
x ≈ −0.618 OR x ≈ 1.618 (k) 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144

(f) x1 = −0.618
x2 = 1.618

(g) x2

Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 17 Solutions 37

 (l) (Term 2) ÷ (Term 1) 1.000
(Term 3) ÷ (Term 2) 2.000
(Term 4) ÷ (Term 3) 1.500
(Term 5) ÷ (Term 4) 1.667
(Term 6) ÷ (Term 5) 1.600
(Term 7) ÷ (Term 6) 1.625
(Term 8) ÷ (Term 7) 1.615
(Term 9) ÷ (Term 8) 1.619
(Term 10) ÷ (Term 9) 1.618

(m) Consecutive terms in the Fibonacci sequence are approximately in golden ratio to
each other the further we move into the sequence.

38 Active Maths 2 (Strands 1–5): Ch 17 Solutions