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UNIT2 FormsCSS

HTML forms allow users to enter and submit data to a backend application. A form contains input elements like text fields, checkboxes, dropdowns etc. that collect user input. The <form> tag defines an HTML form and has attributes like action and method. Common input elements are single-line text, password, textarea, checkbox, radio buttons, dropdown and file upload. Each element has attributes to define its functionality.

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54 views

UNIT2 FormsCSS

HTML forms allow users to enter and submit data to a backend application. A form contains input elements like text fields, checkboxes, dropdowns etc. that collect user input. The <form> tag defines an HTML form and has attributes like action and method. Common input elements are single-line text, password, textarea, checkbox, radio buttons, dropdown and file upload. Each element has attributes to define its functionality.

Uploaded by

aarthi dev
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT-II

HTML Forms

HTML Forms are required when you want to collect some data from the site
visitor. For example during user registration you would like to collect information
such as name, email address, credit card, etc.

A form will take input from the site visitor and then will post it to a back-end
application such as CGI, ASP Script or PHP script etc. The back-end application
will perform required processing on the passed data based on defined business
logic inside the application.

There are various form elements available like text fields, textarea fields, drop-
down menus, radio buttons, checkboxes, etc.

The HTML <form> tag is used to create an HTML form and it has following
syntax:

<form action="Script URL" method="GET|POST">


form elements like input, textarea etc.
</form>

Form Attributes
Apart from common attributes, following is a list of the most frequently used form
attributes:

Attribute Description

action Backend script ready to process your passed data.

method Method to be used to upload data. The most frequently used are GET and
POST methods.
target Specify the target window or frame where the result of the script will be
displayed. It takes values like _blank, _self, _parent etc.

enctype You can use the enctype attribute to specify how the browser encodes the
data before it sends it to the server. Possible values are:

 application/x-www-form-urlencoded - This is the standard


method most forms use in simple scenarios.

 mutlipart/form-data - This is used when you want to upload


binary data in the form of files like image, word file etc.

HTML Form Controls


There are different types of form controls that you can use to collect data using
HTML form:

 Text Input Controls

 Checkboxes Controls

 Radio Box Controls

 Select Box Controls

 File Select boxes

 Hidden Controls

 Clickable Buttons

 Submit and Reset Button

Text Input Controls


There are three types of text input used on forms:

 Single-line text input controls - This control is used for items that require
only one line of user input, such as search boxes or names. They are created
using HTML <input> tag.
 Password input controls - This is also a single-line text input but it masks
the character as soon as a user enters it. They are also created using HTMl
<input> tag.

 Multi-line text input controls - This is used when the user is required to
give details that may be longer than a single sentence. Multi-line input
controls are created using HTML <textarea> tag.

Single-line text input controls


This control is used for items that require only one line of user input, such as
search boxes or names. They are created using HTML <input> tag.

Example
Here is a basic example of a single-line text input used to take first name and last
name:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Text Input Control</title>
</head>
<body>
<form >
First name: <input type="text" name="first_name" />
<br>
Last name: <input type="text" name="last_name" />
</form>
</body>
</html>

This will produce following result:

First name:
Last name:
Attributes
Following is the list of attributes for <input> tag for creating text field.

Attribute Description

type Indicates the type of input control and for text input control it will be set
to text.

name Used to give a name to the control which is sent to the server to be
recognized and get the value.

value This can be used to provide an initial value inside the control.

size Allows to specify the width of the text-input control in terms of characters.

maxlength Allows to specify the maximum number of characters a user can enter into
the text box.

Password input controls


This is also a single-line text input but it masks the character as soon as a user
enters it. They are also created using HTML <input> tag but type attribute is set
to password.

Example
Here is a basic example of a single-line password input used to take user
password:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Password Input Control</title>
</head>
<body>
<form >
User ID : <input type="text" name="user_id" />
<br>
Password: <input type="password" name="password" />
</form>
</body>
</html>

This will produce following result:

User ID :
Password:
Attributes
Following is the list of attributes for <input> tag for creating password field.

Attribute Description

type Indicates the type of input control and for password input control it will be
set to password.

name Used to give a name to the control which is sent to the server to be
recognized and get the value.

value This can be used to provide an initial value inside the control.

size Allows to specify the width of the text-input control in terms of characters.

maxlength Allows to specify the maximum number of characters a user can enter into
the text box.

Multiple-Line Text Input Controls


This is used when the user is required to give details that may be longer than a
single sentence. Multi-line input controls are created using HTML <textarea> tag.

Example
Here is a basic example of a multi-line text input used to take item description:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Multiple-Line Input Control</title>
</head>
<body>
<form>
Description : <br />
<textarea rows="5" cols="50" name="description">
Enter description here...
</textarea>
</form>
</body>
</html>

This will produce following result:

Description :

Attributes
Following is the list of attributes for <textarea> tag.

Attribute Description
name Used to give a name to the control which is sent to the server to be
recognized and get the value.

rows Indicates the number of rows of text area box.

cols Indicates the number of columns of text area box

Checkbox Control
Checkboxes are used when more than one option is required to be selected. They
are also created using HTML <input> tag but type attribute is set tocheckbox.

Example
Here is an example HTML code for a form with two checkboxes:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Checkbox Control</title>
</head>
<body>
<form>
<input type="checkbox" name="maths" value="on"> Maths
<input type="checkbox" name="physics" value="on"> Physics
</form>
</body>
</html>

This will produce following result:

Maths Physics
Attributes
Following is the list of attributes for <checkbox> tag.
Attribute Description

type Indicates the type of input control and for checkbox input control it will be
set to checkbox.

name Used to give a name to the control which is sent to the server to be
recognized and get the value.

value The value that will be used if the checkbox is selected.

checked Set to checked if you want to select it by default.

Radio Button Control


Radio buttons are used when out of many options, just one option is required to be
selected. They are also created using HTML <input> tag but type attribute is set
to radio.

Example
Here is example HTML code for a form with two radio buttons:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Radio Box Control</title>
</head>
<body>
<form>
<input type="radio" name="subject" value="maths"> Maths
<input type="radio" name="subject" value="physics"> Physics
</form>
</body>
</html>

This will produce following result:

Maths Physics
Attributes
Following is the list of attributes for radio button.

Attribute Description

type Indicates the type of input control and for checkbox input control it will be
set to radio.

name Used to give a name to the control which is sent to the server to be
recognized and get the value.

value The value that will be used if the radio box is selected.

checked Set to checked if you want to select it by default.

Select Box Control


A select box, also called drop down box which provides option to list down
various options in the form of drop down list, from where a user can select one or
more options.

Example
Here is example HTML code for a form with one drop down box

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Select Box Control</title>
</head>
<body>
<form>
<select name="dropdown">
<option value="Maths" selected>Maths</option>
<option value="Physics">Physics</option>
</select>
</form>
</body>
</html>

This will produce following result:


Maths

Attributes
Following is the list of important attributes of <select> tag:

Attribute Description

name Used to give a name to the control which is sent to the server to be
recognized and get the value.

size This can be used to present a scrolling list box.

multiple If set to "multiple" then allows a user to select multiple items from the
menu.

Following is the list of important attributes of <option> tag:

Attribute Description

value The value that will be used if an option in the select box box is selected.
selected Specifies that this option should be the initially selected value when the
page loads.

label An alternative way of labeling options

File Upload Box


If you want to allow a user to upload a file to your web site, you will need to use a
file upload box, also known as a file select box. This is also created using the
<input> element but type attribute is set to file.

Example
Here is example HTML code for a form with one file upload box:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>File Upload Box</title>
</head>
<body>
<form>
<input type="file" name="fileupload" accept="image/*" />
</form>
</body>
</html>

This will produce following result:

Attributes
Following is the list of important attributes of file upload box:

Attribute Description
name Used to give a name to the control which is sent to the server to be
recognized and get the value.

accept Specifies the types of files that the server accepts.

Button Controls
There are various ways in HTML to create clickable buttons. You can also create
a clickable button using <input> tag by setting its type attribute to button. The
type attribute can take the following values:

Type Description

submit This creates a button that automatically submits a form.

reset This creates a button that automatically resets form controls to their initial
values.

button This creates a button that is used to trigger a client-side script when the user
clicks that button.

image This creates a clickable button but we can use an image as background of the
button.

Example
Here is example HTML code for a form with three types of buttons:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>File Upload Box</title>
</head>
<body>
<form>
<input type="submit" name="submit" value="Submit" />
<input type="reset" name="reset" value="Reset" />
<input type="button" name="ok" value="OK" />
<input type="image" name="imagebutton" src="/html/images/logo.png" />
</form>
</body>
</html>

This will produce following result:

Submit Reset

Hidden Form Controls


Hidden form controls are used to hide data inside the page which later on can be
pushed to the server. This control hides inside the code and does not appear on the
actual page. For example, following hidden form is being used to keep current
page number. When a user will click next page then the value of hidden control
will be sent to the web server and there it will decide which page has be displayed
next based on the passed current page.

Example
Here is example HTML code to show the usage of hidden control:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>File Upload Box</title>
</head>
<body>
<form>
<p>This is page 10</p>
<input type="hidden" name="pagename" value="10" />
<input type="submit" name="submit" value="Submit" />
<input type="reset" name="reset" value="Reset" />
</form>
</body>
</html>

This will produce following result:

This is page 10

Submit Reset

CSS Cascading Style Sheets

CSS is a style language that defines layout of HTML documents. For example, CSS covers fonts, colours, margins,
lines, height, width, background images, advanced positions and many other things.

The basic CSS syntax

As you will note, the codes are more or less identical for HTML and CSS. The above example also shows you the
fundamental CSS model:

html>
<head>
<title>HTML CSS</title>
</head>
<body>
<p style="color:green;font-size:24px;">Hello, World!</p>
</body>
</html>

Applying CSS to an HTML document

There are three ways you can apply CSS to an HTML document. These methods are all outlined below. We
recommend that you focus on the third method i.e. external.

Method 1: In-line (the attribute style)


One way to apply CSS to HTML is by using the HTML attribute style. Building on the above example with the red
background color, it can be applied like this:

<html>
<head>
<title>Example</title>
</head>
<body style="background-color: #FF0000;">
<p>This is a red page</p>
</body>
</html>

Method 2: Internal (the tag style)


Another way is to include the CSS codes using the HTML tag <style>. For example like this:

<html>
<head>
<Title>Example</title>
<style type="text/css">
body {background-color: #FF0000 ;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>This is a red page</p>
</body>
</html>

Creating style sheets with the style elements


Back-ground Images:

body {
background-color: #FFCC66;
background-image: url("butterfly.gif");
}

h1 {
color: #990000;
background-color: #FC9804;
}

Example:

<head>
<title>Example | CSS Tutorial | HTML.net</title>

<link rel="stylesheet" href="/tutorials/css/lesson3_ex4.css" type="text/css" media="all" />


<script type="text/javascript" src="http://gc.kis.scr.kaspersky-labs.com/</script></head>
<body>
<h1>Background image repeated horizontally</h1>
<p>Iste quidem veteres inter ponetur honeste, qui vel mense brevi vel toto est iunior anno. Utor
permisso, caudaeque pilos ut equinae paulatim vello unum, demo etiam unum, dum cadat elusus
ratione ruentis acervi, qui redit in fastos et annis miraturque. Ennius </p>
</body>
</html>

Color Example:
<html
>
<head>
<title>Colors</title>
<style>
body {
font: 100 1.5em Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
color: white;
background-color: black;
}
#p1 {
color: #f83333;
background-color: #444;
}
#p2 {
color: rgb(0,255,127);
background-color: rgba(50%,50%,0%,0.5);
}
#p3 {
color: hsl(240,100%,75%);
background-color: hsla(0,0%,100%,0.2);
}
</style>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://gc.kis.scr.kaspersky-labs.com/1B74BD89-2A22-
4B93-B451-1C9E1052A0EC/main.js" charset="UTF-8"></script></head>
<body>
<h1>Colors</h1>
<p>CSS color values can take <a href="/references/css/values/color/">one of several
forms</a>.</p>
<p>This page's body is set to color: white; background-color: black;</p>
<p id="p1">This paragraph is set to color: #f83333; background-color: #444;</p>
<p id="p2">This paragraph is set to color: rgb(0,127,255); background-color:
rgba(0%,50%,50%,0.5);</p>
<p id="p3">This paragraph is set to color: hsl(240,100%,75%); background-color:
hsla(0,0%,100%,0.2);</p>

<!-- Link back to HTML: -->


<p><a href="http://www.html.com/examples/">
<img src="http://www...gif" alt="HTML"></a></p>
</body>
</html>

Text –Shadow:
h1 {
color: white;
text-shadow: 1px 1px 2px black, 0 0 25px blue, 0 0 5px darkblue;
}

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