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Tutorial 1 Numec

This document contains 3 problems involving the numerical method of Euler's method from Chapra's Numerical Methods for Engineers textbook. Problem 1 involves using Euler's method to calculate the velocity of a parachutist over time. Problem 2 uses Euler's method to solve for the concentration of a radioactive contaminant over time. Problem 3 applies Euler's method to calculate the temperature of a cup of coffee cooling over 10 minutes. Additionally, problem 4 asks to use Taylor series expansions to approximate a function at a point and calculate the truncation error.

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233 views2 pages

Tutorial 1 Numec

This document contains 3 problems involving the numerical method of Euler's method from Chapra's Numerical Methods for Engineers textbook. Problem 1 involves using Euler's method to calculate the velocity of a parachutist over time. Problem 2 uses Euler's method to solve for the concentration of a radioactive contaminant over time. Problem 3 applies Euler's method to calculate the temperature of a cup of coffee cooling over 10 minutes. Additionally, problem 4 asks to use Taylor series expansions to approximate a function at a point and calculate the truncation error.

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COEB223 Numerical Methods for Engineers, Tutorial 1

Problems from Chapra’s Numerical Methods for Engineers

Euler’s Method

1.5 Compute the velocity of a free-falling parachutist using Euler’s method for the case where
𝑚 = 80 kg and 𝑐 = 10 kg/s. Perform the calculation from 𝑡 = 0 s to 20 s with a step size of
1 s. Use an initial condition that the parachutist has an upward velocity of 20 m/s at 𝑡 = 0.
At 𝑡 = 10 s, assume that the chute is instantaneously deployed so that the drag coefficient
jumps to 50 kg/s. Given that

𝑐
𝑣(𝑡𝑖+1 ) = 𝑣(𝑡𝑖 ) + (𝑔 − 𝑚 𝑣(𝑡𝑖 )) × (𝑡𝑖+1 − 𝑡𝑖 ) (1.12)

where 𝑔 is the acceleration due to gravity ( 𝑔 = 9.8 ms-2), and 𝑐 is the drag coefficient.

1.6 The amount of a uniformly distributed radioactive contaminant contained in a closed


reactor is measured by its concentration 𝐶 (becquerel/liter or Bq/L). The contaminant
decrease at a decay rate proportional to its concentration – that is

decay rate = −𝑘𝐶

where 𝑘 is a constant with units of day-1. Therefore, a mass balance for the reactor can be
written as

𝑑𝐶
= −𝑘𝑐
𝑑𝑡

 change   decrease
    
 in mass   by decay 

Use Euler’s method to solve this equation from 𝑡 = 0 to 1 day, with 𝑘 = 0.2 day-1. Employ
a step size of ∆𝑡 = 0.1. The concentration at 𝑡 = 0 is 10 Bq/L.

1
1.14 Newton’s law of cooling says that the temperature of a body changes at a rate proportional
to the difference between its temperature and the ambient temperature,

𝑑𝑇
= −𝐾(𝑇 − 𝑇𝑎 )
𝑑𝑡

where 𝑇 = the temperature of the body (°C), 𝑡 = time (min), 𝐾 = the proportionality constant
(per minute), an 𝑇𝑎 = the ambient temperature (°C). Suppose that a cup of coffee originally
has a temperature of 68 °C. Use Euler’s method to compute the temperature from 𝑡 = 0 to
10 minutes using a step size of 1 minute if 𝑇𝑎 = 21 °C and 𝐾 = 0.017 /min.

Taylor Series & Truncation Errors

4.5 Use zero- through third-order Taylor series expansions to predict f(3), for

𝑓(𝑥) = 25𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 88

Using a base point x = 1. Compute the true percent relative error t for each approximation.

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