NARRATIVE TEXT

Definition of Narrative
Narrative is a text focusing specific participants. Its social function is to tell stories or past events and entertain
the readers.

Generic Structure of Narrative

A narrative text will consists of the following structure:
1. Orientation: Introducing the participants and informing the time and the place
2. Complication: Describing the rising crises which the participants have to do with
3. Resolution: Showing the way of participant to solve the crises, better or worse

Language Features of Narrative

 Using processes verbs
 Using temporal conjunction
 Using Simple Past Tense

THE STORY OF SANGKURIANG AND TANGKUBAN PERAHU MOUNTAIN

Once, there was a kingdom in Priangan Land. Lived a happy family. They were a father in form of dog,his name
is Tumang, a mother which was called is Dayang Sumbi, and a child which was called Sangkuriang.
One day, Dayang Sumbi asked her son to go hunting with his lovely dog, Tumang. After hunting all day,
Sangkuriang began desperate and worried because he hunted no deer. Then he thought to shot his own dog.
Then he took the dog liver and carried home.
Soon Dayang Sumbi found out that it was not deer lever but Tumang's, his own dog. So, She was very angry and
hit Sangkuriang's head. In that incident, Sangkuriang got wounded and scar then cast away from their home.
Years go bye, Sangkuriang had travel many places and finally arrived at a village. He met a beautiful woman and
felt in love with her. When they were discussing their wedding plans, The woman looked at the wound in
Sangkuriang's head. It matched to her son's wound who had left severall years earlier. Soon she realized that
she felt in love with her own son.
She couldn't marry him but how to say it. Then, she found the way. She needed a lake and a boat for celebrating
their wedding day. Sangkuriang had to make them in one night. He built a lake. With a dawn just moment away
and the boat was almost complete. Dayang Sumbi had to stop it. Then, she lit up the eastern horizon with flashes
of light. It made the cock crowed for a new day.
Sangkuriang failed to marry her. She was very angry and kicked the boat. It felt over and became the mountain
of Tangkuban Perahu Bandung.
simplified from: www.bandungtourism.com/home_legend_e.php

KITE’S TALE
The sun shone brigh tly and the west breeze blew. The kite was flying this way and that way
tied to her string.
Suddenly the string snapp ed. The kite was free. She soared high in the air until she could
see far, far away.
The kite followe d some parrots who took her to see the rainforests. The air was cool and the
kite got wet.
The kite followe d some crocodiles who took her to see the rivers. The air was misty and the
kite caught a fish.
The kite followe d some wallabi es who took her to see the deserts. The air was hot and the
kite got tired.
So the kite followed the sun who took her back home, right to her string

NOTE ON NARRATIVE TEXT

The example of Narrative above is taken from Jeany Eather . We see that Narrative will be a
narrat ive if the text includ e any complicati on among the characters. Narrative is mainly to tell
a story. Telli ng a story is inte nde d to entert ain as well teach certain moral values.
From the narrative examp le above, we can see the specific gener ic structure which actually
makes this text differe nt from other text types
The first paragra ph is setting the scene. This scene set up will include informat io n of who,
what, when and where. This is actually what we know as Orientat io n to introd uce the
participant in the text, kite and informa tio n near it.
The second paragr ap h is intro ducin g a proble m as complicati on set which is followed by
other three para grap hs as series of event.
The last paragr aph is the resoluti on to end the story. Resoluti on can be good or bad.

THE MYTH OF MALIN KUNDANG

A long time ago, in a small village near the beach in West Sumatra, a woman and her son lived. They were Malin
Kundang and her mother. Her mother was a single parent because Malin Kundang's father had passed away
when he was a baby. Malin Kundang had to live hard with his mother.
Malin Kundang was a healthy, dilligent, and strong boy. He usually went to sea to catch fish. After getting fish he
would bring it to his mother, or sold the caught fish in the town.
One day, when Malin Kundang was sailing, he saw a merchant's ship which was being raided by a small band of
pirates. He helped the merchant. With his brave and power, Malin Kundang defeated the pirates. The merchant
was so happy and thanked to him. In return the merchant asked Malin Kundang to sail with him. To get a better
life, Malin Kundang agreed. He left his mother alone.
Many years later, Malin Kundang became wealthy. He had a huge ship and was helped by many ship crews
loading trading goods. Perfectly he had a beautiful wife too. When he was sailing his trading journey, his ship
landed on a beach near a small village. The villagers recognized him. The news ran fast in the town; “Malin
Kundang has become rich and now he is here”.
An old woman ran to the beach to meet the new rich merchant. She was Malin Kundang’s mother. She wanted to
hug him, released her sadness of being lonely after so long time. Unfortunately, when the mother came, Malin
Kundang who was in front of his well dressed wife and his ship crews denied meeting that old lonely woman. For
three times her mother begged Malin Kundang and for three times he yelled at her. At last Malin Kundang said to
her "Enough, old woman! I have never had a mother like you, a dirty and ugly woman!" After that he ordered his
crews to set sail. He would leave the old mother again but in that time she was full of both sadness and
angriness.
Finally, enraged, she cursed Malin Kundang that he would turn into a stone if he didn't apologize. Malin Kundang
just laughed and really set sail.
In the quiet sea, suddenly a thunderstorm came. His huge ship was wrecked and it was too late for Malin
Kundang to apologize. He was thrown by the wave out of his ship. He fell on a small island. It was really too late
for him to avoid his curse. Suddenly, he turned into a stone.
(Re-written from www.st.rim.or.jp)

NARRATIVE ANALYSIS ON GENERIC STRUCTURE

Many believe that a story can teach a society certain moral value. Most stories are build in narrative. Because it
is a narrative story, it must consists of complication. That complication, in fact, is the moral value which like to be
taught.
Orientation; the first paragraph is set to be the story introduction. Reading the orientation, reader will know that
the story is characterized with Malin Kundang and his mother. Wes Sumatra is set as the place.
Complication; this is the main element of narrative story. From the Malin Kundang myth, we know that there are
more than one complication. Many stories are composed with multi complications. They are minor complication
and major complication. When Malin Kundang and her mother did life hard, it can be the minor complication. this
hard life in the first time was solved by his successful trading as new merchant. However this narrative sotry is
more interesting when we see the major complication among the participants- Malin Kundang denied his mother
after being successful merchant. In every story, complication must be ended; happy ending or sad one
Resolution; this is the end of the story, the sad ending one. Malin Kundang faces his curse of turning into a
stone.

READING A NARATIVE
Narrative is the most famous type of any text. Various purposes are communicated in a narrative type. However
the way it is constructed is describing certain event, character or phenomenon in detail. Narrative prefer showing
to telling and that the power of narrative. Reader will feel as he show by him self what happen in the text. Actually
narrative can be fiction such as short story or novel and non-fiction like memoirs.
According to Madison smart Bell, the narrative design, or what we call form or structure, is of first and final
importance to any work of fiction. In that structure, we will find elements of story; characterization, point of view,
theme and plot. Plot is the way of the story constructed.
When we read a text, we can call it narrative as we see the following generic structure inside the text:
Orientation; the introduction of what is inside the text. What text is talk in general. Who involves in the text.
When and where it happen.
Complication; what happens with the participants. It explores the conflict among the participants. Complication
is the main element of narrative. Without complication, the text is not narrative. The conflict can be shown as
natural, social or psychological conflict.
Resolution; this is the phase where the participants solve the problem aroused by the conflict. It is not matter
whether the participants succeed or fail. The point is the conflict becomes ended.
Now let's read the following example of narrative text !

STORY OF RABBIT AND BEAR

Once upon a time, there lived as neighbours, a bear and a rabbit. The rabbit is a good shot. In contrary, the bear
is always clumsy ad could not use the arrow to good advantage.
One day, the bear called over the rabbit and asked the rabbit to take his bow and arrows and came with bear to
the other side of the hill. The rabbit was fearing to arouse the bear's anger so he could not refuse it. He
consented and went with the bear and shot enough buffalo to satisfy the hungry family. Indeed he shot and killed
so many that there was lots of meat left after the bear and his family had loaded themselves and packed all they
could carry home.
The bear was very gluttonous and did not want the rabbit to get any of the meat. Th e rabbit could not even taste
the blood from the butchering as the bear would throw earth on the blood and dry it up. The poor rabbit would
have to go home hungry after his hard day's work.
The bear was the father of five children. The youngest child was very kind to the rabbit. He was very hearty eater.
The mother bear always gave him an extra large piece of meat but the youngest child did not eat it. He would
take it outside with him and pretended to play ball with the meat. He kicked toward the rabbit's house and when
he got close to the door he would give the meat with such a great kick. The meat would fly into the rabbit's
house. In this way, the poor rabbit would get his meal unknown to the papa bear.

QUEEN OF ARABIA AND THREE SHEIKS

Maura, who like to be thought of as the most beautiful and powerful queen of Arabia, had many suitors. One by
one she discarded them, until her list was reduced to just three sheiks. The three sheiks were all equally young
and handsome. They were also rich and strong. It was very hard to decide who would be the best of them.
One evening, Maura disguised herself and went to the camp of the three sheiks. As they were about to have
dinner, Maura asked them for something to eat. The first gave her some left over food. The second Sheik gave
her some unappetizing camel’s tail. The third sheik, who was called Hakim, offered her some of the most tender
and tasty meat. After dinner, the disguised queen left the sheik’s camp.
The following day, the queen invited the three sheiks to dinner at her palace. She ordered her servant to give
each one exactly what they had given her the evening before. Hakim, who received a plate of delicious meat,
refused to eat it if the other two sheiks could not share it with him.
This Sheik Hakim’s act finally convinced Queen Maura that he was the man for her. “Without question, Hakim is
the most generous of you” she announced her choice to the sheiks. “So it is Hakim I will marry”.

NARRATIVE COMPLICATION IN GENERIC STRUCTURE

The above example of narrative text tells a story which can amuse the reader. Amusing and entertaining are the
power of narrative text to attract the reader. Reader will tend to follow the whole story.
As it is said many times that the heart of narrative text is the existence of the complication. It will drive the plot of
the story to keep amusing. The existence of conflict inside the Queen Maura is what builds the story keep
running. The psychological conflict inside Maura, which she strike against herself, is arousing the readers
attention to continue reading the story. They want to know what next will happen, who will be chosen by Queen
Maura, in what way she will decide who is the best. Keeping knowing them really entertaining as well increasing
the moral value added.
Orientation: the text introduce the Queen Maura and three sheiks in Arabia once time.
Complication: Queen Maura find out that it was very difficult to choose one as the best among them
Resolution: finally Queen Maura has a convincing way to choose one and he is Sheik Hakim
THE SMARTEST PARROT
Once upon time, a man had a wonderful parrot. There was no other parrot like it. The parrot could say every
word, except one word. The parrot would not say the name of the place where it was born. The name of the
place was Catano.
The man felt excited having the smartest parrot but he could not understand why the parrot would not say
Catano. The man tried to teach the bird to say Catano however the bird kept not saying the word.
At the first, the man was very nice to the bird but then he got very angry. “You stupid bird!” pointed the man to the
parrot. “Why can’t you say the word? Say Catano! Or I will kill you” the man said angrily. Although he tried hard to
teach, the parrot would not say it. Then the man got so angry and shouted to the bird over and over; “Say Catano
or I’ll kill you”. The bird kept not to say the word of Catano.
One day, after he had been trying so many times to make the bird say Catano, the man really got very angry. He
could not bear it. He picked the parrot and threw it into the chicken house. There were four old chickens for next
dinner “You are as stupid as the chickens. Just stay with them” Said the man angrily. Then he continued to
humble; “You know, I will cut the chicken for my meal. Next it will be your turn, I will eat you too, stupid parrot”.
After that he left the chicken house.
The next day, the man came back to the chicken house. He opened the door and was very surprised. He could
not believe what he saw at the chicken house. There were three death chickens on the floor. At the moment, the
parrot was standing proudly and screaming at the last old chicken; “Say Catano or I’ll kill you”.

NOTES ON NARRATIVE TEXT

It is important to know that the social function of the narrative text is to inform and entertain. Narrative text will tell
the story with amusing way. It provides an esthetic literary experience to the reader. Narrative text is written
based on life experience. In literary term, experience is what we do, feel, hear, read, even what we dream.
Narrative text is organized focusing at character oriented. It is build using descriptive familiar language and
dialogue. There are some genres of literary text which fit to be classified as the narrative text. Some of them are:
 Folktales, it includes fables, legend, myth, or realistic tales
 Mysteries, fantasy, science or realistic fiction
Commonly, narrative text is organized by the story of grammar. It will be beginning, middle and end of the story.
To build this story grammar, narrative text need plot. This plot will determine the quality of the story. Plot is a
series of episodes which holds the reader’ attention while they are reading the story.
Conflict is the main important element of the plot. This conflict among the characters will drive the story progress.
In this conflict, readers will be shown how the characters face the problem and how they have ability to handle
that problem

ANALYSIS THE GENERIC STRUCTURE

Orientation: It sets the scene and introduces the participants/characters. In that parrot story, the first paragraph
is the orientation where reader finds time and place set up and also the participant as the background of the
story. A man and his parrot took place once time.
Complication: It explores the conflict in the story. It will show the crisis, rising crisis and climax of the story. In the
parrot story, paragraph 2, 3, 4 are describing the complication. Readers will find that the man face a problem of
why the parrot can not say Catano. To fix this problem, the man attempted to teach the bird. How hard he tried to
teach the bird is the excitement element of the complication.
Resolution: It shows the situation which the problems have been resolved. It must be our note that “resolved”
means accomplished whether succeed or fail. In the last paragraph of the smartest parrot story, readers see the
problem is finished. The parrot could talk the word which the man wanted. The parrot said the word with higher
degree than the man taught the word to it. That was the smartest parrot.

THE LEGEND OF TOBA LAKE

Once upon time, there was a handsome man. His name was Batara Guru Sahala. He liked fishing. One day, he
caught a fish. He was surprised to find out that the fish could talk. The fish begged him to set it free.
Batara Guru could not bear it. He made the fish free. As soon as it was free, the fish changed into a very
beautiful woman. She attracted Batara Guru so much. He felt in love with that fish-woman. The woman wanted to
marry with him and said that Batara Guru had to keep the secret which she had been a fish. Batara Guru
aggreed and promised that he would never tell anybody about it.
They were married happily. They had two daughters. One day Batara Guru got very angry with his daughter. He
could not control his mad. He shouted angrily and got the word of fish to his daugters. The daughters were
crying. They found their mother and talked her about it.
The mother was very annoyed. Batara Guru broke his promise. The mother was shouting angrily. Then the earth
began to shake. Volcanoes started to erupt. The earth formed a very big hole. People believed that the big hole
became a lake. Then this lake is known as Toba lake.

NOTE ON NARRATIVE GENERIC STRUCTURE

ORIENTATION: The first paragraph presents information about the participant of the story. In literary term, the
participant is called as character. Orientation commonly introduces information about WHO, WHERE and WHEN.
COMPLICATION: Paragraph two explores the niche of the story. That is conflict among the characters of the
story. This conflict will involve physical and psychological conflict. The conflict is actually the heart of any
narrative text. It will drive the participant to make effort in solving the crisis.
RESOLUTION: The last paragraph closes the story with solving the crisis. However it can be better or worse.

CINDERELLA
Once upon a time, there was a young girl named Cinderel la. She lived with her step mother
and two step sisters.
The step mother and sisters were conceited and bad tempere d. They treat ed Cinderel la very
badly. Her step mother made Cindere lla do the hardest works in the house; such as
scrubbi ng the floor, cleanin g the pot and pan and prepari ng the food for the family. The two
step sisters, on the other han d, did not work about the house. Their moth er gave them many
handsome dresses to wear.
One day, the two step sister received an invitat ion to the ball that the king’s son was going to
give at the palace. They were excited abo ut this and spent so much time choosing the
dresses they would wear. At last, the day of the ball came, and away went the sisters to it.
Cinder ell a could not help crying after they had left.
“Why are crying, Cindere lla ?” a voice asked. She looked up and saw her fairy godmot her
standing beside her, “because I want so much to go to the ball” said Cinder ell a. “Well” said
the godmot her,”yo u’ve been such a cheerful, hardworkin g, uncompl ain ing girl that I am going
to see that you do go to the ball”.
Magically, the fairy god mot her changed a pumpkin into a fine coach and mice into a
coachman and two footmen. Her god mot her tapped Cindere lla ’s raged dress with her wand,
and it became a beauti ful ball gown. Then she gave her a pair of pretty glass slippers. “Now,
Cinder ell a”, she said; “You must leave befor e mid nig ht”. Then away she drove in her beaut iful
coach.
Cinder ell a was having a wonderful ly good time. She danced agai n and again with the king’s
son. Suddenly the clock began to strike twelve, she ran toward the door as quickly as she
could. In her hurry, one of her glass slipper was left behind .
A few days later, the king’ son proclaimed that he would marry the girl whose feet fitted the
glass slipper. Her step sisters tried on the slipper but it was too small for them, no matter
how hard they squeezed their toes into it. In the end, the king’s page let Cinderel la try on the
slipper. She stuck out her foot and the page slippe d the slipper on. It fitted perfectly.
Final ly, she was driven to the palace. The king’s son was overjoyed to see her again. They
were married and live happily ever after.

NOTES ON GENERIC STRUCTURE OF NARRATIVE TEXT

Orientation : it mea ns to intro duce the participa nts or the characters of the story with the
time and place set. Orientati on actually exists in every text type though it has differ ent term.
In this story, the first paragr ap h is clearly seen to introduce the particip ants of the Cinder ell a
Story. They were Cinder ell a her self as the mai n character of the story, her step mother
which treated Cindere ll a badly, and her steps sister which supporte d her moth er to make
Cinder ell a was treate d very badly. Cinderel la was introduce d as a hero in this story. She
struggled against the bad treatment from her step mother and sisters.
Complicat ion : it is such the crisis of the story. If there is not the crisis, the story is not a
narrat ive text. In a long story, the complicati on appe ars in several situati ons. It means that
some time there is more then one complicati on. In this Cinder ell a story, we can see clearly
that there are Major Complication and Minor Complicat ion .
The second paragr ap h is the major complicat io n of this Cinderel la story. Cinderel la got bad
treatment from her stepmot her. It is the bad crisis which drives into several minor
complicat ions which Cinder ell a has to overcome.
Resolution : it is the final series of the events which happ en in the story. The resoluti on can
be good or bad. The point is that it has been accompl ished by the characters. Like
complicat ion, there are Major Resolution and Minor Resolution .
In the last paragra ph, it is said that finally Cinderel la lived happi ly. It is the happy resoluti on
of the bad treatme nt.

BUILDING NARRATIVE WITH A COMPLICATION

In simple word, narrative text has generic structure as orientation, complication and resolution. This complication
is the heart structure of narrative text. The complication will determine whether the text "lives" or not. If the
narrative text consider as the "live" text, it will arouse the reader. It will intrude to the emotion of the reader.
Commonly narrative text appears as story text. In literary term, the complication structure is called conflict.
Basically, conflict is divided into three kinds. In any writing, each type will not take place with its own type. Each
often combines to other type in building the story.
Physical conflict, or in other word as elemental conflict, is description of man's struggle to his physical word. It
represents man versus nature force, difficulty and danger. How man survives from flood, exploding mount is clear
example of physical conflict.
Social conflict is the second type. It will show the struggle of man against his society. It is description of struggle
between man and man. Cinderella wants to go to party but her step mother and sisters do not permit her. She
eagerly to have the opportunity to meet the prince but her step mother and sister try to block this opportunity and
take it for them selves. It is a perfect picture of social conflict.
Internal or psychological conflict is a conflict which happens inside the participant. A man struggles against him
self, his conscience, his guilty. He wants to steal money in the other hand he knows that stealing is not good. The
fight of stealing money against having good deed is a psychological conflict
The struggle among these conflicts includes verbal and physical attempts. Narrative text will be perfectly
composed by these kinds of conflict. Some time it will apply one type but it often combines these three kinds of
conflict.
BETWEEN RECOUNT AND NARRATIVE
Something which happened in the past is the main resource to compose both recount and narrative text. In
writer's point of view, the thing is an experience. It can be what the writer has done, hear, read, and felt.
Composing recount and narrative is retelling the experiences of the past event to be a present event.
What does recount differ from narrative?
The easiest way to catch the difference is analyzing the generic structure. Recount text presents the past
experiences in order of time or place; what happened on Sunday, then on Monday, the on Tuesday. In simple
way, recount describes series of events in detail. It does not expose the struggle on how to make them happen.
The event happened smoothly. On the other hand, narrative introduces crises and how to solve them. Narrative
text always appear as a hard potrait of participant's past experience. It reveals the conflict among the
participants. Cinderella's conflicts with her step mother and sister are the example. The conflict is the most
important element in a narrative text. Narrative without comflicts is not narrative any more.
THE SMARTEST ANIMAL
Once there was a farmer from Laos. Every morni ng and every evenin g, he plo ugh ed his field
with his buffal o.
One day, a tiger saw the farmer and his buff alo working in the field . The tiger was very
surprised to see a big anima l listeni ng to a small animal. The tiger wanted to know more
about the big anima l and the small animal.
After the man went home, the tiger spoke to the buffal o; “you are so big and strong. Why do
you do everything the man tells you?” The buffa lo answered; “oh, the man is very intel ligent”.
The tiger asked; “can you tell me how intell ig ent he is?”. “No, I can’t tell you”, said the
buffalo; “but you can ask him”
So the next day the tiger asked to the man; “Can I see your intel lig ence?” . But the man
answered; “it at home”. “Can you go and get it?” asked the tiger. “Yes” said the man; “but I
am afrai d you will kill my buffal o when I am gone. Can I tie you to a tree?”
After the man tied the tiger to the tree, he didn ’t go home to get his intell ige nce. He took his
plough and hit the tiger. Then he said; “Now you know about my intel li gence even you haven’ t
seen it.
GENERIC STRUCTURE ANALYSIS
1. Orientati on; introd ucing specific partici pan ts; farmer and his buff alo, once in Laos
2. Complicat ion; reveali ng a series of crisis: the tiger wanted to know more about the farmer
and the buffal o, the tiger wanted to know abou t the farme r ’s intell ige nce.
3. Resolution; the crisis is resolve: the farmer hit the tiger

Languag e Feature Analysi s

o Using saying verb; answered
o Using thinking verb; saw, was surprised to
o Using action verb; tie, hit
o Using time conjuncti on; once, one day
o Using connectives; after, the next day
o Using past tense; there was a farmer, the man tied the tiger.

SNOW WHITE
Once upon a time there lived a little, named Snow White. She lived with her aunt and uncle because her parents
were died.
One day she heard her aunt and uncle talking about leaving Snow White in the castle because they wanted to go
to America and they didn’t have enough money to take Snow White with them.
Snow White didn’t want her uncle and aunt to do this. So she decided to run away. The next morning she run
away from home when her aunt and uncle were having breakfast, she run away into the wood.
In the wood she felt very tired and hungry. Then she saw this cottage. She knocked but no one answered so she
went inside and felt asleep
Meanwhile seven dwarfs were coming home from work. They went inside. There, they found Snow White woke
up. She saw the dwarfs. The dwarfs said; “What is your name?”. Snow White said; “My name is Snow White”.
One of the dwarfs said; “If you wish, you may live here with us”. Snow White told the whole story about her. Then
Snow white ad the seven dwarfs lived happily ever after.

Generic Structure Analysis

1. Orientation; introducing specific participants; Snow White
2. Complication; revealing a series of crisis: Snow White’s aunt and uncle would leave her in a castle, Snow
White run away, Snow White felt hungry in the wood.
3. Resolution; the crisis is resolve: the dwarfs permitted Snow White lived in their cottage lived happily
Language Feature Analysis
o Using saying verb; answered
o Using thinking verb; decided
o Using action verb; run away
o Using time conjunction; once upon a time, one day
o Using connectives; then, meanwhile
o Using past tense; she heard her uncle

CINDERELA
Once upon a time there was a girl called Cinder ell a. She lived with her stepsisters. They
were very bossy. They mad e Cinder ell a do all the housework.
One day an invitat ion to the ball came to the family. Her stepsisters would not let her go.
Cinder ell a was sad because she wanted to go to the ball too. Her stepsisters went to the ball
without her.
Fortunately, the fairy Godmoth er came and helpe d her to get to the ball . At the ball,
Cinder ell a dance with the prince. The prince fell in love with her then marri ed her. They lived
happily ever after.

Analyzing the Text

Generic Structure Analysis
Orientat ion; intro ducin g particip ants, Cinderel la and her stepsisters. They lived together once
time
Compl ication; describing the conflict among the particip ants. Cinderel la wanted to come to
the ball but her stepsisters did not let her go
 Resoluti on; stating a probl em solving, a happy endin g. A fairy Godmoth er help ed her to come
to the ball

Languag e Feature Analysi s

Process verb; did, helpe d, fell in love, lived
Simpl e past tense patter n; there was a girl, she lived, an invitatio n came to the ball , etc

Narrative Text
Definition of Narrative
Narrative is a text focusing specific participants. Its social function is to tell stories or past events and entertain
the readers.
Generic Structure of Narrative
A narrative text will consists of the following structure:
1. Orientation: Introducing the participants and informing the time and the place
2. Complication: Describing the rising crises which the participants have to do with
3. Resolution: Showing the way of participant to solve the crises, better or worse
Language Features of Narrative
 Using processes verbs
 Using temporal conjunction
 Using Simple Past Tense