Scribd
Upload
683 views

Quadratic Expressions

This document discusses quadratic expressions and equations. It covers defining quadratic equations, learning outcomes which include solving quadratic equations by factorization, completing the square, and the quadratic formula. Examples are provided for each method. The nature of the roots of a quadratic equation is also discussed, relating the roots to the coefficients using identities and relationships between the roots and coefficients. Worked examples are included throughout.

Uploaded by

Roszelan Majid
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
683 views

Quadratic Expressions

This document discusses quadratic expressions and equations. It covers defining quadratic equations, learning outcomes which include solving quadratic equations by factorization, completing the square, and the quadratic formula. Examples are provided for each method. The nature of the roots of a quadratic equation is also discussed, relating the roots to the coefficients using identities and relationships between the roots and coefficients. Worked examples are included throughout.

Uploaded by

Roszelan Majid
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 28

QUADRATIC

EXPRESSIONS &
EQUATIONS

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of the lesson, the students should be
able to:
(d)Define quadratic equation
(e)Solve quadratic equations by
(i) Factorization
(ii) Completing the square
(iii) Quadratic formula.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
Consider a rectangular field with sides of (x-4)
meter by x meter.
The area of the field is
A = ( x − 4)( x)
= x2 − 4x
The expression is known as
QUADRATIC EQUATION

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
Expression and Quadratic Equation

• Quadratic Equation
- General form of quadratic equation:
ax2 + bx + c = 0
Highest degree – 2
a, b, c – constant and a ≠ 0
x∈R

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
The methods of solving the quadratic
equation are:

• Factorizing (this method can only be used


for quadratic equation that can be factorized)

• Completing the square

• Using the quadratic formula


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
(1) Factorization Method
Example:
Solve the following equation using
factorization.
(i) x2 – 7x + 12 = 0
Solution
(x - 3) (x - 4) = 0
x – 3 = 0 or x – 4 = 0
x = 3 or x = 4
Solution set: { x: x = 3 or x = 4}
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
(ii ) 2 x + 5 x + 3 = 0
2

solution
(2 x + 3)( x + 1) = 0
2 x + 3 = 0 or x + 1 = 0
3
x = − or x = −1
2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
(iii ) x - 25 = 02

solution
x = 25 2

x = ±5
x = −5 or x = 5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
(2) Completing the square
STEPS:
1) Coefficient of x2 = 1
2
2) Add both sides with b 
 
2 

3) The left side is factorized into complete


square

4) Solve by taking the square root both sides


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
Example
Solve the following equations by completing the
square.

1) x2 + 6x - 3 = 0

2) 2x2 – 4x – 1 = 0

3) -4x2 + 16x – 4 = 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
(3) Using the quadratic formula

b  b  4ac 2
x
2a

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
Example

Solve the following equations by using the


quadratic formula.

1) 4x2 + 9x – 2 = 0

2) x2 – x – 1 = 0

3) 9s2 + 2 = 12s
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
EXERCISE
1. Solve the following quadratic equations by
factorization
5 w2  2
x 6  0 w
a) x b) 3

2. Solve the following quadratic equations by


completing the square

a) 2 x  3x  1  0
2
b) 3x 2  1  5 x

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
3. Solve the following quadratic equations
by quadratic formula

a) x 2 x  5  0
2

b) 2 x  4  3x 2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
Nature of the Roots
of a Quadratic
Equation

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of the lesson, students will be
able to
(d) Recognize the type of roots of a
quadratic equation
(b) Relate the roots  and  with
coefficients of quadratic equation
(c) Form quadratic equations using
identities
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
The nature of the roots of the ax2 + bx + c = 0 is
determined by the expression
b2 – 4ac which is known as the discriminant

There are three types of root for quadratic equation

1) If b2 – 4ac > 0 two distinct real roots


2) If b2 – 4ac = 0 two equal real roots
3) If b2 – 4ac < 0 two complex roots

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
Example
1. Determine the nature of the roots of the
following quadratic equations

a) x2 - 8x + 16 = 0

b) x2 – 4x + 6 = 0

c)3x2 – 9x + 5 = 0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
2.Find the value of p if 2x2 – 8x + p=0 has equal
roots.

3.Show that the quadratic equation


kx2 + 5x + 5 = k has two real roots for all values
of k

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
The relationship between
the roots with the
coefficients of quadratic
equation

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
• The quadratic equation with roots α and β
can be written in the form
(x - α) ( x - β ) = 0
that is x2 - (α + β) x + αβ = 0> .....(1)

• the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 , a ≠ 0, can be


written as

 b c
x 
2
x   0……….. (2)
 a a
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
• Compare (1) = (2), hence

b
-(α + β) =  
a
b
(α + β) = -   (known as sum of roots)
a
c
αβ = (known as product of roots)
a

Or the equation can also be written as :

X 2 –(sum of roots)x +(product of roots)= 0


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
The important identities:

          2
2 2 2

           
2 2

               3
3 3
 2

                 
3 3 2
 
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
Example

1. The roots of the equation


2x2 + 5x – 4 = 0 are α and β . Find the values
of

a) α2 + β2

b) (α - β)2

c) α3 - β3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
2. The roots of the equation 3x2 – 2x – 1 = 0
are α and β. Find the equation with the
1
following roots (  )and (   1 )
 
3. If α and β are roots of the equation
x2 - 3x +1 = 0, find

a) the value of (2α + β)(α +2β)


b) a quadratic equation whose roots are

2 2
and
 
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
3. Given that one root of the equation
4x2 + 3x = k is two times the other, find the
value of k

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
EXERCISE

1. Find the values of p so that


px2+px+3x+p = 0 has two equal real
roots

2. Prove that the equation


(k-4)x2+4x+k = 0 has two real roots for
all values of k

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
3. If α and β are the roots of the equation
3x2 – 2x – 5 = 0. Find the equation
 
whose new roots are and
 

4. Given that α and β are the roots of the


quadratic equation 2x2 + 5x – 4 = 0. Write
down the values of
a) α + β
2 2
b)  
 2
2
 
1 1
c) α + β
3 3
d) 
 
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

You might also like