Identifying The Problem Area
Identifying The Problem Area
Although problem solving is fundamental to any number of areas, its use in education is closely
related to previously mentioned factors: philosophies, context, information, participation, and
timing. Obviously, a problem is one locale may not be a problem elsewhere. This is why leader must
keep these factors in mind whenever decisions are made.
Problem solving begins with identification of a problem area. The problem is typically a
broad, loosely knit situation that needs to be examined (e.g., discipline or teacher morale). Next, the
problem itself is defined. This aspect of the process is most critical because it will serve to
communicate what the problem actually is. The problem should specify the difficulty that exists
rather than how it will be corrected. An example of such a problem stated in somewhat general
terms is: “students’ actions in the classrooms are disruptive to the point where teachers’
effectiveness has been greatly reduced”. With the problem properly defined, it is then appropriate
to determine alternative solutions. These must also be quite specific and not subject to
misinterpretation. Looking at the discipline problem area and problem, we might come up with
three alternative solutions:
1. Initiate a stricter disciplinary policy
2. Relieve the assistant principal, who carried out the present disciplinary policy
3. Provide in-service education for teachers in the area of class control and discipline
There may be other possible solutions, but for purposes of this discussion, only these three will be
considered.
Identifying the consequences of solutions 1, 2, and 3 may prove to be quite interesting.
Alternative 1 might be excellent in theory but in practice could cause a sharp drop in student morale.
Carrying out alternative 2 could be an appropriate solution but may, in turn, create a difficult
personnel problem. Alternative 3 could be most effective but, at the same time , be viewed as an
“administrative cop-out” by teachers who favor 1 or 2.
Based on the consequences identified, it is now appropriate to make a decision and live with
it. Of equal importance is to note the decision’s actual consequences. Perhaps certain of these have
been anticipated. Others should also be duly noted so that similar problems may be handled more
efficiently in the future. It is important to follow up on a decision that has been made. This may
entail extensive evaluation of its impact, interviews with professional personnel, and recording
personal observations. Evaluative information is most useful because it can assist the leader to make
more effective dwcisions in the future.
Current employment
Meeting a community’s employment needs through occupational education is predicated on the
notion that present and future employment reflect a demand for program graduates. To obtain this
type of employment information, it is necessary for the leader to identify employment sources
within the community and then seek out those persons who will provide relevant information about
jobs. Finch and Crunkilton (1979) note several sources of employment information that it may be
useful to explore. These include state employment commissions, chambers of commerce, planning
commissions, advertising sections in telephone books, products produced in the area, and even
students currently enrolled in school. Commissions and chambers of commerce keep close track of
businesses and industries in the area and have a reasonably good focus on employment trends.
Advertising sections of the telephone book reveal what businesses and industries actually exists in
the area and show this by category; products produced in the area give further clues to the types of
employment that exist. Finally, students in classes may have knowledge of new busineeses and
indutries that are not listed elsewhere. It is perhaps most important to keep in mind that a number
of information sources be examined to ensure that all employment possibilities are identified.
Although information about the future state of the economy is somewhat more
PERENCANAAN PENDIDIKAN
Perencanaan dapat dianggap sebagai kerangka kerja untuk kepemimpinan pendidikan yang berarti.
Alasan untuk ini adalah sederhana, sehingga banyak aspek dari proses pendidikan bergantung pada
perencanaan yang baik untuk keberhasilan mereka. Apakah pemimpin yang terlibat dalam
pengembangan, manajemen evaluasi, atau, proses perencanaan harus diperhatikan dan akhirnya
diterapkan jika kita ingin memiliki bahkan kesuksesan yang wajar sebagai administrator atau
supervisor. Dalam arti luas, kita dapat mempertimbangkan perencanaan sebagai "proses peramalan
masa depan dan kemudian mempersiapkan untuk itu". Namun, dua aspek dasar perencanaan harus
diperhatikan. Pertama, perencanaan harus sistematis. Upaya Haphazed yang memiliki sedikit
hubungan satu sama lain adalah kontraproduktif. Kedua, perencanaan harus terus-menerus. Suara
upaya perencanaan tidak dimulai dan diakhiri, mereka adalah kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung
yang mencerminkan dasi konstan dengan proses pendidikan.
Sekarang kerja
Memenuhi kebutuhan kerja masyarakat melalui pendidikan kerja didasarkan pada pemikiran bahwa
kerja sekarang dan masa depan mencerminkan permintaan untuk lulusan program. Untuk
mendapatkan jenis informasi pekerjaan, perlu bagi pemimpin untuk mengidentifikasi sumber
lapangan kerja dalam masyarakat dan kemudian mencari orang-orang yang akan memberikan
informasi yang relevan tentang pekerjaan. Finch dan Crunkilton (1979) mencatat beberapa sumber
informasi pekerjaan yang mungkin berguna untuk mengeksplorasi. Ini termasuk komisi negara kerja,
kamar dagang, komisi perencanaan, bagian iklan di buku telepon, produk yang dihasilkan di daerah
itu, dan bahkan siswa saat ini terdaftar di sekolah. Komisi dan kamar dagang melacak dekat bisnis
dan industri di daerah tersebut dan memiliki fokus yang cukup baik pada tren ketenagakerjaan. Iklan
bagian dari buku telepon mengungkapkan apa bisnis dan industri benar-benar ada di daerah
tersebut dan tunjukkan berdasarkan kategori, produk yang dihasilkan di daerah tersebut
memberikan petunjuk lebih lanjut untuk jenis pekerjaan yang ada. Akhirnya, siswa di kelas mungkin
memiliki pengetahuan tentang busineeses baru dan indutries yang tidak tercantum di tempat lain.
Hal ini mungkin yang paling penting untuk diingat bahwa sejumlah sumber informasi diperiksa untuk
memastikan bahwa semua kemungkinan kerja diidentifikasi.
Meskipun informasi tentang keadaan masa depan ekonomi agak lebih