PH2100 Formula Sheet

Motion in One Dimension r r r

v f = vi + at Potential Energy and Energy
r r r r Conservation
total distance r f = ri + vi t + 12 at 2
average speed ≡
∆U = U f − Ui ≡ − ∫ Fxdx
xf
total time   2
g
∆x ≡ x f − xi y = (tan θ i ) x −  2 x xi

 2vi cos θ i 
2
U g = mgy
∆x
vx ≡ v 2 sin 2 θ i v 2 sin2θi
∆t h= i R= i U s = 12 kx 2
2g g
∆x dx E ≡ K +U
vx ≡ lim = v2
∆t → 0 ∆t dv
dt ar = , at = Ki + ∑ U i = K f + ∑ U f
∆v r dt
ax ≡ x r Wapp = ∆K + ∆U
∆t r dv ˆ v 2

a= θ − rˆ dU
∆v dv dt r Fx = −
a x ≡ lim x = x r r r
∆ t → 0 ∆t dt v ' = v − v0 dx
r r
vxf = v xi + ax t a'=a Linear Momentum and
x f − x i = v xi t + 12 ax t 2
The Laws of Motion
Collisions

x f − x i = v xt = (v xi + v xf )t r r
r
1
r p ≡ mv
∑
2
F = ma r r r r
vxf 2 = vxi 2 + 2ax ( x f − xi ) r r p1 i + p2 i = p1 f + p 2 f
F12 = −F21 r tf r r
r r I ≡ ∫ Fdt = ∆p
Vectors Fg = mg
r
ti

r r
f k = µk n I ∆p
Ax = Acosθ Favg = =
f s ≤ µ sn ∆t ∆t
Ay = A sinθ
r Fspring = −kx  m − m2   2m2 
A = Ax iˆ + Ay jˆ v1 f =  1  v1 i +   v2 i
 m1 + m2   m1 + m2 
A = A x2 + Ay2 Circular Motion  2 m1   m − m1 
v2 f =   v1i +  2  v2i
A   m1 + m2   m1 + m2 
θ = tan−1  y  mv 2 r
 Ax  ∑ Fr = mar = r r ∑ mi ri
rCM ≡
Motion in Two Dimensions M
r r
drCM ∑ mi vi
Work and Kinetic Energy
r
r vCM ≡ =
r = xiˆ + yjˆ dt M
r r r W ≡ Fd cos θ
r r r
aCM ≡ cm = ∑ i i
∆r ≡ rf − ri r dv ma
r A ⋅ B ≡ AB cosθ = Ax Bx + Ay By + Az Bz
r ∆r dt M
vavg ≡ r r
W = ∫ Fx dx
xf
∆t r dptot
r
r
∆r dr
r xi
∑ Fext = MaCM = dt
v ≡ lim = K ≡ 12 mv 2
∆ t → 0 ∆t dt
r dx ˆ dy ˆ ∑ W = ∆K Rotation About a Fixed Axis
v= i+
K + ∑W
j
dt dt − fk d = K f s = rθ
r
i other

r ∆v W ∆θ
aavg ≡ P≡ ω≡
∆t ∆t ∆t
r r
r ∆v dv W dW r r ∆θ dθ
a ≡ lim = P ≡ lim = = F ⋅v ω ≡ lim =
∆t → 0 ∆t ∆ t → 0 ∆t
dt dt ∆t → 0 ∆t dt
v =ωr The Law of Gravity Wave Motion
∆ω
α≡ G m1 m2 y = f ( x ± vt )
∆t Fg =
∆ω dω r2 v= T µ
α ≡ lim =
∆t → 0 ∆t dt GM
g'= 2E =
GM E y = Asin( kx − ω t )
dv r ( RE + h) 2 v=λ f
at = = rα
dt 4π 2 r 3 k ≡ 2π λ ω ≡ 2π f
T2 =
v2 GM P = 12 µω 2 A2 v
ar = = ω 2r r
r r Fg
g≡ Sound Waves
ω f = ωi +αt m
θ f = θi + ωi t + 12 α t 2 G m1 m2 Pav P
U =− I= = av 2
θ f = θ i + 12 (ωi + ω f )t
r A 4π r
E = 12 mv2 −
GMm β = 10log ( I I o )
ω f = ωi + 2α (θ f −θ i )
2 2
r  v ± vo   upper : approach 
I = ∑ mi ri 2 GMm f '= f  
E =−  v m vs   lower : recession 
2r
I = I CM + MD 2 v
2GM E sin θ =
K R = 12 Iω 2 vesc = vs
RE
τ ≡ rF sin φ = Fd Superposition and Standing
∑τ ext = Iα Simple Harmonic Motion Waves

P = τω x = A cos(ωt + φ ) φ
∆r = λ
∑ W = 12 Iω f 2 − 12 Iωi 2 v = ±ω A2 − x 2
2π
v
ω fn = n n = 1,2,3,...
Rolling Motion and Angular f = 2L
Momentum 2π v
fn = n n = 1,3,5,...
1 2π 4L
T= =
K = 12 ICM ω 2 + 12 MvCM
2
f ω fb = f 1 − f 2
vCM = Rω k
r ω= Physical Constants
r dω m
α≡
dt κ
r r r ω= g = 9.80 m / s 2
τ ≡ r ×F
r r r I G = 6.67 ×10− 11 N ⋅ m2 / kg 2
L≡r×p g
r r ω= M Earth = 5.98× 1024 kg
A × B = AB sinθ L
REarth = 6.37 ×10 6 m
Lz = I ω ω=
mgd
N A = 6.02 ×10 23
r I
r
∑ τ ext = dt
dL I o = 1.00 × 10−12 W / m 2
E = 2 kA2
1

r r
∑ τ ext = 0 ⇒ L = constant
Static Equilibrium
r
∑F =0
r
∑τ = 0