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Exciting Transformer Reactive Current

The UPFC can simultaneously control transmission voltage, impedance, and phase angle. It provides reactive shunt compensation, voltage regulation, line power flow regulation, series compensation, and phase shifting. These features are implemented through a boosting transformer that injects voltage and an exciting transformer that provides reactive current. In this example, a UPFC is used to relieve power congestion on a transmission system by controlling active and reactive power flows with its shunt and series converters.

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Syed Faizan Ali
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38 views

Exciting Transformer Reactive Current

The UPFC can simultaneously control transmission voltage, impedance, and phase angle. It provides reactive shunt compensation, voltage regulation, line power flow regulation, series compensation, and phase shifting. These features are implemented through a boosting transformer that injects voltage and an exciting transformer that provides reactive current. In this example, a UPFC is used to relieve power congestion on a transmission system by controlling active and reactive power flows with its shunt and series converters.

Uploaded by

Syed Faizan Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FEATURES OF UPFC

The control system of the UPFC's injection model is developed to fulfil functions of:

1. Reactive Shunt Compensation


2. Voltage Regulation
3. Line Power Flow Regulation
4. Series Compensation
5. Phase Shifting

Block for damping of electromechanical oscillations based on Transient Energy Function (TEF)
is also implemented

The above five features are implemented by applying Boosting Transformer injected voltage and
Exciting Transformer reactive current.

The UPFC in its general form can provide simultaneous, real-time control of all basic power
system parameters (transmission voltage, impedance and phase angle) and dynamic compensation
of power system.

The UPFC injection model is used enabling three parameters to be simultaneously controlled
(Fig. 2 and Fig. 3), namely the shunt reactive power, Qconv1, and the magnitude, r, and angle, Ɵ,
of the injected series voltage. The control system is of decoupled single-input single output type
where the selection of input/output signals depends on the predetermined control mode which
could be changed during the simulation. By use of the model ,at external level, it is possible to
control following locally measured variables of the UPFC: the shunt side bus voltage magnitude,
Vi ,(by changing Qconv1), the series side bus voltage magnitude, Vj, reactive power flow into
series side bus, Qj, reactive power requirement of the series side converter 2, Qconv2,. or
compensating voltage magnitude, Vcomp , (by changing r) and active power flow into the series
side bus, Pj, active power requirement of the series side converter 2, Pconv2, bus voltage angle
difference, ij, or compensating voltage angle, comp , (by changing ).

Control Modes of the Controller.

It is possible to control the following locally measured variables of the UPFC:

1. The shunt side bus voltage magnitude, Vi (by changing Qconv1)


2. The series side bus voltage magnitude, Vj
3. The reactive power flow into series side bus, Qj
4. The reactive power requirement of the series side converter 2, Qconv2
5. The Compensating voltage magnitude, Vcomp , (by changing r)
6. The Active power flow into the series side bus, Pj
7. The Active power requirement of the series side converter 2, Pconv2
8. The bus voltage angle difference, Ɵij or compensating voltage angle, comp , (by changing r)
used to relieve power congestion in a transmission system

UPFC is used to control the power flow in a 500 kV / 230 kV transmission system. The system,
connected in a loop configuration, consists essentially of five buses (B1 to B5) interconnected
through three transmission lines (L1, L2, L3) and two 500 kV/230 kV transformer banks Tr1 and
Tr2. Two power plants located on the 230 kV system generate a total of 1500 MW which is
transmitted to a 500 kV, 15000 MVA equivalent and to a 200 MW load connected at bus B3. Each
plant model includes a speed regulator, an excitation system as well as a power system stabilizer
(PSS). In normal operation, most of the 1200 MW generation capacity of power plant #2 is exported
to the 500 kV equivalent through two 400 MVA transformers connected between buses B4 and B5.
For this demo we are considering a contingency case where only two transformers out of three are
available (Tr2= 2*400 MVA = 800 MVA). The load flow shows that most of the power generated by
plant #2 is transmitted through the 800 MVA transformer bank (899 MW out of 1000 MW) and that
96 MW is circulating in the loop. Transformer Tr2 is therefore overloaded by 99 MVA. The example
illustrates how a UPFC can relieve this power congestion. The UPFC located at the right end of line
L2 is used to control the active and reactive powers at the 500 kV bus B3, as well as the voltage at
bus B_UPFC. The UPFC consists of two 100 MVA, IGBT-based, converters (one shunt converter
and one series converter interconnected through a DC bus). The series converter can inject a
maximum of 10% of nominal line-to-ground voltage (28.87 kV) in series with line L2.
This example is available in the power_upfc model. Load this model and save it in your working
directory as case2.mdl to allow further modifications to the original system. This model is shown in
Model of the UPFC Controlling Power on a 500 kV/230 kV Power System (power_upfc).

The shunt converter is in Voltage regulation mode.


The series converter is in Power flow control mode

It consists of two back-to-back voltage sourced inverters having Gate Turn Off(GTO) thyristor
valves with a common d.c. terminal capacitor.

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