Project 2
Project 2
Indian railroads are the world's fourth biggest railroad is beside USA, Russia and China.
India is confronting numerous issues identified with train crash. In this manner, the
fundamental point of the Indian Railways is the solace and wellbeing of travellers. This
work is focused on foreseeing the real reason for railroad mishaps that is a crash on a
similar track. The essential objective of this hostile to impact framework is to recognise
crash indicates and report these blunder cases to the primary control room, close-by
station and in addition matrix control stations. The work in this venture is avoiding train
crash anticipation framework utilising RF signals. Here we utilise RF transmitter and RF
recipient which are joined to motors, tracks, and also different trains altogether.
Consequently now by executing these segments, we can get the data about track in which
it is running and stores it in the microcontroller. A similar system is done in every one of
the trains. Furthermore, if any two trains the transmitted RF flag is same (when they are
on a similar track) then the train stops.
So that if any impact prone to happens then this framework will dodge such conditions by
giving a caution to concern units. A protected separation of 1 Km has been kept up
between two trains in the wake of applying the crisis brake in the event of impact
discovery. In view of the reviews, it is watched that notwithstanding for two trains going
at 140kmph, the protected separation after programmed braking under typical conditions
is around 920m. It is normal that if this framework is executed generally, train impacts
and mischances can be maintained a strategic distance from. The up degree is
additionally done by taking after checking fell association of the compartments in
succession way. The principle favourable position of utilising this sort of a framework is
that it can be introduced specifically into the current engineering of the Indian Railway
systems.
1. Literature Survey
2. CHAPTER 1
● Introduction
● Hardware
3. CHAPTER 2
4. CHAPTER 3
● Proposed System
● Transmitter and Receiver section
● Program used
5. CHAPTER 4
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
The railroads give an eco benevolent, temperate and well known methods for
transportation in many parts of the world. Being the second biggest in rail organize, the
principle need of our country, India is to make it a sheltered and dependable method of
transportation. Because of blunder of human and machine disappointment the mishaps by
and large happen. Likewise amid winter season numerous cancelation of train happen and
because of this reason huge measure of cash is squandered. Likewise amid winter season,
running of train is more troublesome. The primary driver of this issue is mist and our
Indian Railway has done many inquires about on numerous advances to overcome from
the above issue of event. The past has seen various train mishaps because of reasons, for
example, human mistake, machine disappointments and so forth. Train impacts have
made questions about its unwavering quality, creating loss of valuable human life.
Likewise the Indian Railways spends a gigantic sum over these debacles. These
indisputably focuses towards the requirement for a dependable, steady and sparing
methods for train impact shirking framework, likewise simple in its usage. Various
against impact gadgets have been created throughout the years yet a steady framework
has not come into usage. The Anti Collision Device in view of GPS and Microprocessor.
GPS used to track the train current position however climate conditions may make data
assembled to be inaccurate. The ACD framework is observed to be ineffectual in light of
the fact that it doesn't considering any dynamic contributions from existing Railway sign
framework. Geological sensors have furthermore been utilized that makes utilization of
satellite for correspondence making the framework confused to actualize. In this
Railways were first introduced to India in the year 1853 from Bombay to Thane. In 1951
the systems were nationalized as one unit, the Indian Railways, becoming one of the
largest networks in the world. IR operates both long distance and suburban rail systems
on a multi-gauge network of broad, meter and narrow gauges. It also owns locomotive
and coach production facilities at several places in India, with assigned codes identifying
their gauge, kind of power and type of operation. Its operations cover twenty six states
and three union territories across India, and also have international connectivity to
Bangladesh (with Bangladesh Railway) and Pakistan (with Pakistan Railways).
Indian Railways is the world's eighth biggest employer and had 1.331 million employees
at the end of 2015-16. In 2015–2016 Indian Railways had revenues of ₹1.683 trillion
(US$25 billion) which consists of ₹1.069 trillion (US$16 billion) freight earnings and
₹442.83 billion (US$6.6 billion) passengers earnings. It had operating ratio of 90.5% in
2015-16.[2] As on the end of 2015-16, IR's rolling stock comprises over 251,256 Freight
Wagons, 70,241 Passenger Coaches and 11,122 Locomotives (39 steam, 5,869 diesel and
5214 electric locomotives).
1.2 Collisions
Crashes are the most feared mishaps. It is extremely hard to stop such crashes on account
A head-on impact is one where the front closures of two boats, trains, planes
or vehicles hit each other, rather than aside-crash or backside crash.. With
rail, a head-on crash frequently infers an impact on a solitary line railroad
1. The Anti-Collision Device (ACD) has been produced by Konkan railroad and they
utilize GPS innovation for following the train in risky position. This is more useful in
southern railroad they are under practice
2. This ACD utilizes the GPS framework and installed controls for counteracting train
impact. In view of nature component we can't utilize this GPS strategy procedure.
Additionally the issue may happen because of extensions collapsation and these issues
can't be overcome.
In this venture, the framework utilizes RFID innovation for anticipating train crash. RFID
is utilized to avert head-on impacts of trains. It doesn't require viewable pathway. In risky
circumstance following of train is simple and read various labels at the same time. It has
favorable circumstances with the end goal that convenient database, information
transmission in more prominent range, precision is better. We need to settle RFID tag
between the tracks so that the train will get the data of track's points of interest. Each
track has novel ID. In view of ID we need to settle RFID tag. Settle RFID peruser under
the motor. This data put away in microcontroller. It will transmit to the encoder change
over parallel data into serial information. From encoder the information transmit to RF
Chapter 2
Literature Survey
● In paper [1], The essential objective of this hostile to crash framework is to recognize
impact indicates and report these mistake cases to primary control room, adjacent
station and additionally matrix control stations. So that if any impact liable to happens
then this framework will dodge such conditions by giving an alert to concern units. A
sheltered separation of 1 Km has been kept up between two trains in the wake of
applying the crisis brake if there should be an occurrence of crash discovery. In view of
the reviews, it is watched that notwithstanding for two trains going at 140kmph, the
● In paper [3], Allotment of stage to number of trains in less time interim is very
troublesome with the token framework since this is done just on figure which is not that
much proficient and besides, a minor slip-up in estimation may prompt a mishap which
may bring a great deal of lives into risk. We utilized RFID tag and ZIGBEE interfaced with
MSP430 to send train's one of a kind id to server room and server room will apportion
the stage which can be at long last shown on LCD screen and some other basic data
which is set before train driver and there is zero chance of misstep in assessing the
landing time of train.
● In paper [5] (CAG report), The CAG has found that out of aggregate 552 ACD
introduced at stations and level intersections both kept an eye on and unmanned, 188
were either imperfect or were not working in record of burglary of sun oriented board
accommodated charging the batteries of the gadgets.
● In paper [7], This paper received a changing rationale procedure to meet the
● In paper [8], This paper plans to lessen the quantity of street mishaps because of
human carelessness which are the main source of mischances on the planet. For this a
LCD can be hand crafted to fit into a vehicle's dashboard and is utilized for showing the
Status of vehicle. The venture has two separate units, i.e. transmitter unit and
beneficiary (speed show and control) unit. Once the zone speed data is gotten from the
RF transmitter, the recipient acknowledges the flag and the vehicle's implanted unit
consequently cautions the driver to lessen the speed as per the zone in the event that
he didn't decrease the speed then the driver unit naturally diminishes the speed of the
electric vehicle to the zone speed.
● In paper [9], Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) presents a strong approach for
deciding vehicle position. By introducing radio recurrence recognizable proof labels
encoded with street name, particular path, heading of travel, and separation from a
known reference, vehicles going with RFID perusers can decide exact position. Vehicle
units speak with sensors and actuators in different vehicles to refresh position between
nearby labels. RFID labels are favorable for astute transportation frameworks by
controlling movement and turn path signals, encouraging entry of crisis vehicles, and
deciding separation went on toll approaches to compute the proper toll.
● In paper [10], The train tracks in railroad system are divided and given with
Hardware
● Microcontroller
● RFID Module
● RF Transmitter-Reciever
● Encoder Decoder Pair
Radio Frequency Identification is one of the families of AIDC used to describe a system
that transmit the identity of the object or people wirelessly without physical contact. The
RFID system typically consists of a tag that is made up of a chip of small size nearly
micro with an antenna, and a reader, which is embedded with a single chip processor and
an antenna. The purpose of an RFID system is to enable the data to be transmitted by a
tag, which is read by an RFID reader and process according to the what the application
needs. Moreover, the data transmitted by the tag may provide trains location or
identification or it specifics about the product, for examples price, colour, date code etc.
Also, RFID systems can be employed for tracking objects as an invasion of privacy.
In short, RFID tag is used for carrying data and it serve as agent for data transfer. A
reader in range of the tag’s signal will receive the information, decrypt it, and forward it
to the host computer for storing all the collected data within a database.
▶ The proposed Train Anti-Collision and Level Crossing Protection System comprises
influences the essential working of the present security frameworks sent for train
operations.
▶ The framework gets information from the vibration sensor. The effectiveness of the
framework may help loco drivers in turning away mischances effectively. As no change
is important to be made to the foundation of the current framework, the cost of usage of
this framework is additionally less. The framework has been composed and mimicked
utilising PROTEUS ongoing reenactment programming.
Transmitter section
In the transmitter section first the serial communication is initialized and the lcd display
is initialized with the system name. Then after it transmits the track number if any train
searching for the same track number and for any rail breakages of the train if everything
is correct then the motor starts running.
Receiver section
In the receiver module the same process takes place as that in the transmitter section up to
the lcd initialization. Here this module receives if any train searching for the same track
number if everything is correct then the engine starts running. Whenever any connection
PROGRAM USED
Train Anti Collision System comprises of a self-acting smaller scale controller and two-
way Zig-Bee based information correspondence framework which works round-the-clock
to turn away train impacts. Hence upgrades security in train operations by giving an
NON-SIGNAL extra wellbeing overlay over the current flagging framework. The
framework works without supplanting any of the current flaggings and no place
influences the crucial working of the present security frameworks conveyed for train
operations. The proposed framework moves information from the Trains, Control-
Centers/Stations, flagging Posts.
Next, we manage the proposed framework specifying the schematic chart for different
sub Modules. The figure demonstrates review of the proposed framework. The proposed
Train Anti-Collision of a microcontroller and full duplex ZigBee-based information
correspondence framework. The whole Network comprises of versatile sub-modules (on
Locomotives and Guard's Brake Vans), submodule in stations, sub-module in and the
sub-module in railroad flag posts. Loco subsystem imparts to different locos inside a
sweep of 3000 meters utilising radio recurrence. The framework speaks with the closest
flag posts, control stations to constantly screen different signs touching base in the
control focus and taking choices in light of the got data.
Zig-Bee modem speaks with different subsystems giving a work interconnection between
all subsystems. The control station controls and screens all submodules in the whole
system. At whatever point an impact like circumstance is identified by nature, the gadget
will naturally take consideration and keeps the crash.The entire framework is probably
going to forestall 'head-on' and 'backside' crashes in waists, crashes at 'fast' in 'station
territory', 'Train Approach' cautioning, alert and discovery of 'Door Open'. Train sub-
modules additionally give 'Station Approach' cautioning to loco pilots. In addition,
utilising manual switches on the traind sub-module, Drivers, Guards and Station Masters
can likewise "stop" trains when any bizarre is identified. Distinctive submodules when
introduced on Locomotives (alongside their Auto-Braking Units), Guard Vans, and
Railway flag posts, Stations, shape a canny undeniable outcome recognition and
anticipation.
Traveling in urban areas, signals are easily corrupted by tall buildings, bridges, and traffic
congestion. Removing problems associated with temporary signal loss of GPS systems,
the Vehicle Positioning System enables many transit applications including headway
control of bus platoons, lane change assistance, rear-end collision avoidance, and bay
mark-up applications.
The Vehicle Positioning System allows vehicle navigation to continue in places where
GPS signals are unreliable.
References
1. Prevention of Train Accidents Using Wireless Sensor Networks - Mr. N.
Sambamurthy, Sk. Hasane Ahammad
5. As per the CAG report the ACD is not foolproof and has inherent deficiencies. -
7. Train Tracking and the Signaling System using Infrared and Radio Frequency
Technology - International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 119 – No.23, June 2015