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Practical 6 RECIPROCAL LEVELING PDF

This document describes the process of reciprocal leveling to determine elevation differences between two distant points. It includes the objective to find accurate elevations between two intervisible but widely separated points. The procedure involves taking two sets of staff readings with the level set up first by one point then the other to calculate the difference of elevation and eliminate errors from curvature of earth, atmosphere, or the instrument. Calculations and a data sheet are referenced but not included.

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Alyca Menela Mamparo
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
7K views

Practical 6 RECIPROCAL LEVELING PDF

This document describes the process of reciprocal leveling to determine elevation differences between two distant points. It includes the objective to find accurate elevations between two intervisible but widely separated points. The procedure involves taking two sets of staff readings with the level set up first by one point then the other to calculate the difference of elevation and eliminate errors from curvature of earth, atmosphere, or the instrument. Calculations and a data sheet are referenced but not included.

Uploaded by

Alyca Menela Mamparo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

10/7/2017

Ishik University / Sulaimani


Civil Engineering Department

Practical part
Report -6-
RECIPROCAL LEVELING

Ishik University / Sulaimani Assistant Lecturer /Asmaa Abdulmajeed


1

CONTENTS

1. Objective

2. Apparatus Used

3. Procedure

4. Calculations and Results

5. Discussions and Conclusions

6. Data Sheet

Ishik University / Sulaimani Assistant Lecturer /Asmaa Abdulmajeed


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Introduction
Reciprocal levelling is employed to determine the correct difference
of level between two points which are quite apart and where it is
not possible to set up the instrument between the two points for
balancing the sights. It eliminates the errors due to the curvature of
the earth, atmospheric refraction and collimation.

Ishik University / Sulaimani Assistant Lecturer /Asmaa Abdulmajeed


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1. Objective

To find accurate relative elevations of two widely separated


intervisible points (between which levels cannot be set), reciprocal
leveling is being used.

Ishik University / Sulaimani Assistant Lecturer /Asmaa Abdulmajeed


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10/7/2017

2. Apparatus Used
a) Level Instrument
b) Staff
c) Pegs
d) Tape

Ishik University / Sulaimani Assistant Lecturer /Asmaa Abdulmajeed


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3. Procedure

To find the difference in elevation between two points, say X and Y,


a level is set up at L near X and readings (X1 and Y1) are observed
with staff on both X and Y respectively. The level is then set up near
Y and staff readings (Y2 and X2 ) are taken respectively to the near
and distant points. If the differences in the set of observations are
not same, then the observations are fraught with errors. The errors
may arise out of the curvature of the earth or intervening
atmosphere (associated with variation in temperature and
refraction) or instrument (due to error in collimation) or any
combination of these.

Ishik University / Sulaimani Assistant Lecturer /Asmaa Abdulmajeed


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3. Procedure

Ishik University / Sulaimani Assistant Lecturer /Asmaa Abdulmajeed


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4. Calculations and Results

If the two points between which the difference of level is required


to be determined are A and B then in reciprocal levelling, the first
set of staff readings (a1 and b1) is taken by placing the staff on A
and B, and instrument close to A. The second set of readings (a2
and b2) is taken again on A and B by placing the instrument close
to B. The difference of level between A and B is given by

Ishik University / Sulaimani Assistant Lecturer /Asmaa Abdulmajeed


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Ishik University / Sulaimani Assistant Lecturer /Asmaa Abdulmajeed


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6. Discussions and Conclusions

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Ishik University / Sulaimani Assistant Lecturer /Asmaa Abdulmajeed


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10/7/2017

7. Data Sheet

Ishik University / Sulaimani Assistant Lecturer /Asmaa Abdulmajeed


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