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Experiment 4 Simple Motor

Electric motors operate by converting electrical energy into mechanical energy through electromagnetic induction. As current passes through a coil of wire placed in a magnetic field, it produces a force that causes the coil to rotate. This experiment demonstrates this principle through a simple electric motor made with a paperclip axle, magnet wire coil, and battery power source. When current is run through the coil, it acts as an electromagnet that rotates due to the interaction between its magnetic field and the permanent magnet's field. The speed of rotation can be controlled by varying the current or number of coil windings.

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Kim Harly
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279 views

Experiment 4 Simple Motor

Electric motors operate by converting electrical energy into mechanical energy through electromagnetic induction. As current passes through a coil of wire placed in a magnetic field, it produces a force that causes the coil to rotate. This experiment demonstrates this principle through a simple electric motor made with a paperclip axle, magnet wire coil, and battery power source. When current is run through the coil, it acts as an electromagnet that rotates due to the interaction between its magnetic field and the permanent magnet's field. The speed of rotation can be controlled by varying the current or number of coil windings.

Uploaded by

Kim Harly
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction

Electric motor is widely used for the purpose of converting electrical


energy to mechanical energy that we used in our daily life like in air
conditioning, electric fan, washing machine, hard disk from our computer, and
smartphones. This experiment about Electric motor utilize the property of
magnet to attract and repel because of the electromagnetic force by inducing a
current to a coil of wire with the help of permanent magnet to induce repelling
forces to each other.

III. Discussion theory


An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical
energy into energy. The first electric motors were simple electrostatic devices
created by the Scottish monk Andrew Gordon in the 1740s. The theoretical
principle behind production of mechanical force by the interactions of an
electric current and a magnetic field, Ampère's force law, was discovered later
by André-Marie Ampère in 1820. In 1834 Thomas Davenport of Vermont
developed the first real electric motor although Joseph Henry and Michael
Faraday created early motion devices using electromagnetic fields. The early
"motors" created spinning disks or levers that rocked back and forth. Most
electric motors operate through the interaction between an electric motor's
magnetic field and winding currents to generate force.
ABB 3GAA Reversible Induction AC Motor- Three phase motors ideal for a
wide variety of applications including pumps, fans and process machinery
drives.
Crouzet Synchronous AC Geared Motor, Reversible- Suitable use such as
Water treatment, medical equipment, access control and lifts.
Bosch DC Motor- Suitable for motion, movement or positioning
applications, where the user can select the drive or gearbox unit to be fitted.
RS Pro Hybrid, Permanent Magnet Stepper Motor 0.9°- High Torque
Hybrid Stepper Motors are motion systems allowing to have a high positioning
precision.
Sizing Computation
First, calculate for the inertia of all components being used. The inertia should
be calculated first as the inertia value will be used later to calculate for the
torque. JD= (1/8)mD2.
m=weight of the dial in ounces.
d= diameter of the dial in inches.
If the weight is unknown the inertia can be calculated by using dial thicknes and
material density. JD= ( π/32) ρLD4 .
ρ=density in once-in3
L=dial thickness in inches.
D=dial diameter in inches.
If the load is not being directly driven but instead the system includes a shaft,
then the inertia of the drive shaft. Js will also need to be calculated.
JS= (1/8) m2D22.
M2=weight of the shaft in ounces
d2= diameter of the shaft in inches.
If a gearing system used pulleys and belts to gear the system/ the inertia of the
earing or transmission will need to be calculated as well.
JDP1= (1/8)mp1D p12 and JDP2= (1/8)mp2D p22.

mp1 = is the weight of the primary pulley in ounces.


mp2= is the weight of the secondary pulley in ounces.
Dp1 =is the diameter for the primary pulley in inches.

Dp2=is the diameter for the secondary pulley in inches.


If there is no external gearing, then the inertia calculations for JDP1 and JDP2
can be skipped.
To calculate the total system inertia, JL, use the following equation:
JL= (JD + JS + JDP2) * (Dp1/Dp2) + JDP1.
If no external gearing is being used, then the equation for the total system
inertia, JL, is:
JL= JD + JS.
IV. Observation/discussion.

V. Questions/Answer
a. Electric motor- An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts
electrical energy into mechanical energy.
b. Magnet- is a material or object that produces a magnetic field. This magnetic
field is invisible but is responsible for the most notable property of a magnet: a
force that pulls on other ferromagnetic materials, such as iron, and attracts or
repels other magnets.
c. Magnetic Field- is a force field that is created by moving electric charges
(electric currents) and magnetic dipoles, and exerts a force on other nearby
moving charges and magnetic dipoles.
d. North Pole- is the wandering point on the surface of Earth's Northern
Hemisphere at which the planet's magnetic field points vertically downwards (in
other words, if a magnetic compass needle is allowed to rotate about a
horizontal axis, it will point straight down).
e. South Pole- is the wandering point on the Earth's Southern Hemisphere
where the geomagnetic field lines are directed vertically upwards.
f. Permanent or Static Magnet- A permanent magnet is made of ferromagnetic
material, which is magnetized by a strong external magnetic field. The
magnetically hard material that is used keeps part of its magnetization after the
external magnetic field is turned off.
g. Temporary Magnet- Temporary magnets are those which act like a permanent
magnet when they are within a strong magnetic field, but lose their magnetism
when the magnetic field disappears.
h. Electromagnet- is a type of magnet in which the magnetic field is produced by
an electric current. The magnetic field disappears when the current is turned
off.
i. Axle- is a central shaft for a rotating wheel or gear.
j. Fleming’s left-hand rule for motors- a simple way of working out the direction
of motion in an electric motor.
k. Beakman’s motor- a simple electric motor used D-cell battery papel clips
magnet and copper coil.
2. How many electric motors can you count throughout your home? Name
each one of them.

a. Washing machine
b. Electric fan
c. Toy car
d. Smartphones Vibrator
e. Hard Disk Drive of computers
f. Laptop Cooling fan
g. Electric Clock
h. Dvd Player
i. Drill
j. Refrigerator motor

3. What happens when two magnets get close together?


-Depending on the magnetic polarity of magnet where they either attract to
each other or repel.
4. What is the difference between a permanent magnet and a temporary
Magnet?
-Permanent magnet retains its magnetism after being remove from an external
magnetic field while temporary magnet acts permanent magnet when near
within a strong magnetic field but loses their magnetism when the magnetic
field disappears.

5. How do you create a temporary magnet (an electromagnet) and what will
determine its strength?
-wound copper wire to an iron core or Ferromagnetic materials then apply
current through coil. The strength determine by the number of turns wounded
around the core and level of ampere flowing through the coil.

6. How can you detect a magnetic field?


-They are several device that can detect magnetic field. Compass detect
magnetic field and its direction, Gaussmeter detect magnetic field and its
intensity and iron filling can show the shape of magnetic field.
7. What are the parts of a simple electric motor? Which of those parts can
spin and what causes the spinning?
- paper clip that acts as axle, magnet wire as the armature and rotor support,
battery as the source. Magnet wire rotates because of the current flows through
the magnet wire it acts as a electromagnet.
8. What does Fleming's left-hand rule for motors explain?
- It is found that whenever an current carrying conductor is placed inside a
magnetic field, a force acts on the conductor, in a direction perpendicular to
both the directions of the current and the magnetic field.
9. How can you make the electromagnet spin in full circles?
- Since the enamel coated in the magnet wire is half strip and the other axle
support enamel coated is full strip, when the coil rotate half turn the circuit is
not complete since it is half strip and the momentum of force cause to rotate
again to the half strip coates .
10. What will make the motor spin faster or slower?
-By increasing and decreasing the number of magnet and battery we will able to
spin the motor into slower or faster.

VI. Conclusion
Using electromagnet we are able to create simple electric motor using one of
the properties of magnet the magnetic repulsion and attraction and by utilizing
the properties of electromagnet we our able to program the rotation to a
slower or faster rate by increasing the current or voltages to the level we want
and by increasing the number of turns to coil we are able to increase the torque
of the motor for heavy use.

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