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Edc Project Report

The document summarizes a student project to design a transistorized LED flasher circuit. It includes an acknowledgements section, objectives, theory behind astable multivibrators, a circuit diagram, list of components, and working of the circuit. The circuit uses two transistors in an astable multivibrator configuration to alternately flash two LEDs by changing the state of the transistors. The period of the flashing can be varied by adjusting a potentiometer that controls the charging time of capacitors in the circuit.

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ladchaitanya
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403 views

Edc Project Report

The document summarizes a student project to design a transistorized LED flasher circuit. It includes an acknowledgements section, objectives, theory behind astable multivibrators, a circuit diagram, list of components, and working of the circuit. The circuit uses two transistors in an astable multivibrator configuration to alternately flash two LEDs by changing the state of the transistors. The period of the flashing can be varied by adjusting a potentiometer that controls the charging time of capacitors in the circuit.

Uploaded by

ladchaitanya
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

PROJECT ON

Transistorized led
flasher

For subject

ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND


CIRCUITS

SUBMITTED BY

AKSHAYA GAOKAR 17 ET1


AKSHAY KOTIAN 35 ET1
CHAITYANYA LAD 36 ET1
SUCHITA NEGI 44 ET1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would like to thank our teacher, Mrs. Hetal
Trivedi, without whose guidance and
encouragements, this project would not have been
possible.
We also would like to take this opportunity to thank
the college for giving us this wonderful platform for
developing and presenting this project.
INDEX

• ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
• OBJECTIVE
• THEORY
• CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
• COMPONENTS LIST
• WORKING
• BIBLOGRAPHY
OBJECTIVE OF THE MINI PROJECT
Here we are designing a Transistorised LED Flasher circuit.

BASIC INFORMATION
This is a classic 2 transistor astable multivibrator.

The a-stable multivibrator is the circuit which repeats the high level (H) condition and
the low level (L) condition alternately.

Astable Multivibrator is a two stage switching circuit in which the output of the first
stage is fed to the input of the second stage and vice versa. The outputs of both the
stages are complementary. This free running multivibrator generates square wave
without any external triggering pulse. The circuit has two stable states and switches
back and forth from one state to another, remaining in each state for a time depending
upon the discharging of the capacitive circuit.

The multivibrator is one form of relaxation oscillator, the frequency of which may be
controlled by external synchronizing pulses.

In our experiment we are using transistor, as the amplifying device and also it is a
collector coupled multivibrator.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

COMPONENTS USED
1. transistors Q1 & Q2: 2N3904 (NPN)
2. resistors
R1=100KΩ
R2=10KΩ potentiometer
R3=220Ω
R4=220Ω
3. capacitors C1 & C2= 100 µF
4. LEDs
WORKING OF THE CIRCUIT

The circuit keeps one transistor switched on and the other switched off. Suppose that
initially, Q1 is switched on and Q2 is switched off.

State 1:

• Q1 holds the bottom of R1 (and the left side of C1) near ground (0V).
• The right side of C1 (and the base of Q2) is being charged by R2 from below
ground to 0.6V.
• R3 is pulling the base of Q1 up, but its base-emitter diode prevents the voltage
from rising above 0.6V.
• R4 is charging the right side of C2 up to the power supply voltage (+V).
Because R4 is less than R2, C2 charges faster than C1.

When the base of Q2 reaches 0.6V, Q2 turns on, and the following positive feedback
loop occurs:

• Q2 abruptly pulls the right side of C2 down to near 0V.


• Because the voltage across a capacitor cannot suddenly change, this causes the
left side of C2 to suddenly fall to almost -V, well below 0V.
• Q1 switches off due to the sudden disappearance of its base voltage.
• R1 and R2 work to pull both ends of C1 toward +V, completing Q2's turn on.
The process is stopped by the B-E diode of Q2, which will not let the right
side of C1 rise very far.

This now takes us to State 2, the mirror image of the initial state, where Q1 is
switched off and Q2 is switched on. Then R1 rapidly pulls C1's left side toward +V,
while R3 more slowly pulls C2's left side toward +0.6V. When C2's left side reaches
0.6V, the cycle repeats.

Here value of R2 can be varied as it is a potentiometer.

The period which repeats a blink is fixed by the value of capacitor (C1) and resistor
(R1), and capacitor (C2) and resistor (R2). The half period time (t) is possible to
calculate by the following formula. The half period is the time which is made H
condition or an L condition.It uses a calculation formula on the side of Q1

T= 0.69 X Cx X Rx
BIBLIOGRAPHY

• www.google.com
• www.wikipedia.com
• Reference books

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