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Chapter 9

Meristems allow plants to continuously produce new roots, leaves, and stems. Shoots exhibit positive phototropism and negative geotropism, while roots show negative phototropism and positive geotropism. Auxins are plant hormones that shift to the darker side under phototropism and toward gravity under geotropism. Auxin causes phototropism by being produced at shoot tips and moving to the side with less light, which causes those cells to elongate more. Micropropagation is a process where specific plant tissue is sterilized, grown in culture with hormones, and continuously divided to rapidly produce many cloned plants that can then be grown in soil.

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Chapter 9

Meristems allow plants to continuously produce new roots, leaves, and stems. Shoots exhibit positive phototropism and negative geotropism, while roots show negative phototropism and positive geotropism. Auxins are plant hormones that shift to the darker side under phototropism and toward gravity under geotropism. Auxin causes phototropism by being produced at shoot tips and moving to the side with less light, which causes those cells to elongate more. Micropropagation is a process where specific plant tissue is sterilized, grown in culture with hormones, and continuously divided to rapidly produce many cloned plants that can then be grown in soil.

Uploaded by

api-304486052
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Term Definition

Meristems Allow plants to continue to produce more roots, leaves and stems throughout
their life

Photo/Geo tropism
Shoots: Positive phototropism, Negative geotropism
Roots: Negative phototropism, Positive Geotropism
Auxins shift to the darker side (Photo)
Auxins shift towards gravity (Geo)

Explain the role of auxin in phototropism


- Auxin is a plant hormone
- Produced by the shoot tip
- Causes transport of hydrogen ions from cytoplasm wall
- H+ pumping breaks bonds between cell wall fibres
- Makes cell walls flexible
- Auxins make cells grow
- Gene expression also altered by auxin to promote cell growth
- Positive phototropism is growth towards light
- Shoot tip senses direction of brightest light
- Auxin moved to side of stem with least light
- Causes cells on dark side to elongate

Micro propagation
- Specific plant tissue (undifferentiated shoot apex) is selected from a stock plant and sterilised
- Tissue sample is grown on a sterile nutrient agar gel
- Explant is treated with growth hormones to stimulate shoot and root development
- Growing shoots can be continuously divided and separated to form new samples
- Once developed, cloned plant can be transferred to soil
Advantages
- New varieties can be bulked up much more quickly than by previous methods of propagation
- Virus free strains of existing varieties can be produced
- Large numbers of rare plants


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