CH 38: Regulation of Gene Expression

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1. - SPACE - - space - 12. Constitutive - expressed at relatively constant rate and

gene not known to be subject to regulation.
2. Positive - expression of genetic information is
- aka Housekeeping Genes
regulation quantitatively increased by the presence of
specific regulatory element 13. Constitutive - mutation resulting in constitutive
- mediated by: enhancer/ activator mutation expression of what was formerly a regulated
gene
3. Negative - expression of genetic information is
Regulation diminished by the presence of specific 14. lacZ codes for B-GALACTOSIDASE
regulatory element
15. lacY galactosidase permease
mediated by: repressor/silencer
16. lacA thiogalactoside transacetylase
4. Double has the effect of acting as positive. An
negative effector that inhibits the function of a negative 17. lacI -codes for Lac operon repressor protein
regulator will appear to bring about a positive - expressed at a constant rate
regulation - constitutive -> steadily makes the lac
repressor
5. Type A -observed in prokaryotes in response to
response sudden changes of the intracellular 18. LacI repressor product of lacI
concentration of a protein - very high affinity for operator locus
nutrient; hormones, GF molecule
- INC extent of gene expression is dependent 19. note each CHON is translated separately; not
upon continued presence of inducing signal from a single large precursor
(+) signal -> (+) response
20. catabolite mediated by catabolite gene activator
(-) signal -> (-) response/diminish to basal level
repression protein (CAP) with CAMP
6. Type B - occurs commonly during development
21. operator -region of dsdna that exhibits a twofold
- (+) signal → transient increase in gene
locus rotational symmetry & and an inverted
expression even if the signal persists
palindrome in a region that is 21 bp long
- Termination of regulatory signal → cell
recovery → 2nd transient response to a 22. major groove where binding mostly occurs
subsequent regulatory signal may be 23. promoter site where the dna-dependent RNAP attaches to
observed (response-desensitization-recovery) commence translation
7. Type C (+) signal → (+) response seen indefinitely even 24. LacI repressor -when bound to operator locus, prevents
after the termination of the regulatory signal mol transcription of distal sructural genes, lacZ,
- signal acts as a trigger lacY, lacA
- observed during DEVELOPMENT OF - interferes with binding of RNAP to
DIFFERENTIATION function promoter
- irreversible and inheritable - NEGATIVE REGULATOR
8. Operon - genes involved in metabolic pathway that 25. RNAP & lacI cant be effectively bound to lac operon at
are often present in LINEAR ARRAY repressor same time
- codes all the proteins needed
- can be regulated by a single promoter or 26. grauitous a lactose analog that is capable of inducing
regulatory region inducer the lac operon while not itself serving as a
substrate for B-galactosidase
9. Cistron - smallest unit of gene expression e.g IPTG
- genetic unit coding for the structure of the - high affnity with LacI repressor mol
subunit of a protein molecule - small amot are able to enter cell even
10. Polycistronic - a single mRNA that encodes more than one without permease
mRNA separately translated protein - an inducer derepresses lac operon (?)

11. Inducible - increases in response to an inducer or 27. skip cause i dont understand lol
gene activator (a specific regulatory signal) 28. mutated lacI not capable of binding to operator
- have relatively low basal rates of gene - results in constitutive expression
transcription
29. Bacteriophage when lambda infects it injects its 45k bp
Lambda double stranded linear dna genome into the
cell (e.g E.coli)
30. lysogenic e.g when lamda dna INTEGRATE into the host genome
pathway - remain dormant until activated
- Poor growth conditions promote this
31. lytic pathway e.g when lambda dna commences REPLICATING until it has made 100 copies of complete, protein-packaged
virus
- cause lysis of host -> newly generated virus particls can infect other hosts
- GOOD GROWTH conditions promote this
32. genetic schwit idk
33. repressor protein 2 domain molecule with:
- amino terminal DNA binding
- carboxyl terminal dimerization terminal
34. amino terminal binds to operator DNA
35. carboxyl terminal promotes association of one repressor CHON with another to form dimer
36. repressor dimers bind to operator DNA much more tightly than monomers
37. Cro protein - product of cr gene
- has a single domain; also bind to operator dna MORE TIGHTLY as dimer
- single domain mediates both operator binding and dimerization