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Background of The Study

Paper is made from cellulose fibers from wood or other plant materials like cotton and hemp. The most common raw material is wood from trees. The process begins with pulping wood chips using chemicals or grinding to separate the fibers. The fibers are then sprayed onto screens to form a mat which is dried and rolled into paper. The United States has the highest per capita paper consumption in the world at 749 pounds per person per year.

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109 views

Background of The Study

Paper is made from cellulose fibers from wood or other plant materials like cotton and hemp. The most common raw material is wood from trees. The process begins with pulping wood chips using chemicals or grinding to separate the fibers. The fibers are then sprayed onto screens to form a mat which is dried and rolled into paper. The United States has the highest per capita paper consumption in the world at 749 pounds per person per year.

Uploaded by

OrangeIsLemon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Paper is a thin material produced by pressing together moist fibres of cellulose pulp

derived from wood, rags or grasses, and drying them into flexible sheets. It is a versatile
material with many uses, including writing, printing, packaging, cleaning, and a number
of industrial and construction processes (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper). In school,
in office or even at home, we use paper. Every year, each person in the United States
uses 749 pounds (340kg) of paper. That is equal to 187 billion pounds (85 billion kg) per
year for the entire population which is by far the largest per capita consumption rate of
paper for any country in the world (http://www.ecology.com/2011/09/10/paper-
chase/). It would take tremendous amount of wood to produce that amount of paper.
One rule of thumb is that a cord of hardwood (128 cubic feet) weighing two tons will
produce 1,000 to 2,000 pounds of paper. It would take about 8 of these trees to produce
between 1,000 and 2,000 pounds of paper. A typical 500-sheet packet of the paper
weighs 5 pounds which gives 10,000 to 20,000 sheets per tree. This number is an estimation
and may differ from one tree to another. One must take into account the different
variables such as the weight of different kinds of wood, the size of trees, and the type of
pulping process, etc. when estimating the amount of paper that can be produced from
a single tree (https://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/2014-4-july-august/green-life/how-much-
paper-does-one-tree-produce). Commented [Pk1]: Dagdagan and improve the
introduction.
The process of paper making begins with the raw wood, which is made up of fibers called
"cellulose." The cellulose fibers are stuck together with a natural glue called "lignin." When
the lignin is removed and the cellulose fibers are separated and reorganized, paper can
be made. It's also possible to make paper from a variety of other types of plant fibers,
such as cotton, flax, bamboo, and hemp. For example, cotton fibers are often used to
make the paper that money is printed on. The overwhelming majority (about 95 percent)
of the raw material used to make paper, though, comes from trees.

To make paper from trees, the raw wood must first be turned into "pulp" which is a watery
“soup" of cellulose wood fibers, lignin, water, and the chemicals used during the pulping
process. Wood can be turned to pulp in a couple of different ways. Mechanical pulping
involves using machines to grind wood chips into pulp. The resulting pulp retains most of
its lignin, though. The short fibers created by grinding leads to weak paper most suitable
for newsprint, phone books, or other types of low-strength papers. The more commonly
used method is chemical pulping, also known as “kraft." Chemicals are used to separate
lignin from the cellulose fibers, leaving a pulp mixture that can make stronger papers.
Depending on what type of paper is desired, the pulp mixture might need to be
bleached to create whiter paper. Papermakers use a variety of chemicals to bleach
pulp to the color they want. Once the pulp is ready, it is then used to make paper in a
process that is quite similar (in the basic actions) to the process first used by the ancient
Chinese more than 1,900 years ago. Because the pulp mixture is so watery (sometimes as
much as 99 percent water!), the cellulose fibers need to be separated from the watery
mixture. Huge machines spray the pulp mixture onto moving mesh screens to make a
layered mat. The mat of pulp then goes through several processes to remove water and
dry it out. Finally, the mat is run through heated rollers to squeeze out any remaining water
and compress it into one continuous roll of paper that can be up to 30 feet wide. When
the paper has the desired thickness, it may be colored or coated with special chemicals
to give it a special texture, extra strength, or water resistance. As a last step, the paper
rolls are cut to size and packaged for shipping to other facilities for additional processing
to turn it into all sorts of specialized papers (https://wonderopolis.org/wonder/how-do-
you-make-paper-from-a-tree). Commented [Pk2]: Paraphrase. Organize. Ayusin
lahat. Next is paragraph is introduction sa
malunggay then last paragraph is the focus of the
study.

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