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Fourier Transforms

Fourier series and transforms can both be used to analyze periodic and aperiodic functions. For aperiodic functions with a finite integral, Fourier transforms are used by representing the function as an integral of its frequencies over time. For periodic functions, Fourier series are used by representing the function as the sum of its harmonic frequencies. The coefficients for both are related, as the Fourier transform of a periodic function results in impulses at the harmonic frequencies, with coefficients equal to the Fourier series coefficients.

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54 views1 page

Fourier Transforms

Fourier series and transforms can both be used to analyze periodic and aperiodic functions. For aperiodic functions with a finite integral, Fourier transforms are used by representing the function as an integral of its frequencies over time. For periodic functions, Fourier series are used by representing the function as the sum of its harmonic frequencies. The coefficients for both are related, as the Fourier transform of a periodic function results in impulses at the harmonic frequencies, with coefficients equal to the Fourier series coefficients.

Uploaded by

akshay
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Relationship between Fourier Series and Transforms for Periodic & Aperiodic Functions

Note: In this document, X(ω) and cn are real for ease of plotting. In general they are complex.

+∞
For an aperiodic function, x(t). ∫−∞
x(t) dt < ∞ . Use Fourier Transform.
Transform (Aperiodic) Example function Graph
Synthesis  T
+∞  t   1, t < p
x(t) =
Π  =
Tp  
1
=
x(t) ∫
2π −∞
X(ω)e jωt dω

2
0, otherwise

Analysis
+∞  ωT 
X(ω) =∫ x(t)e − jωt X(ω) =Tp sinc  p 
 2π 
dt
−∞

For a periodic function, xT(t), that is a periodic extension of x(t), with period T=2π/ω0. Use Fourier Series.
Series (Periodic function) Example function Graph

Synthesis:  t 
+∞ x T (t) = Π T  
x T (t) = ∑c e n
jnω0 t
 Tp 
n =−∞ (periodic extension of Π(t/Tp)
Analysis: Fourier Series Coefficients of periodic function
1
∫
Tp/T
cn = x T (t)e − jnω0 t dt Tp  T 
c n = sinc  n p 
n

T T
c

0
1 T  T
= X(nω0 ) -10 -5 0
n
5 10
T
If xT(t) is a periodic version of x(t) with T=2π/ω0, then Tcn=X(nω0).

( )
For a periodic function, xT(t) with +∞ x T (t) dt = ∞ . Use Fourier Transform, with impulses in frequency.
∫ −∞

Transform (Periodic) Example function Graph

Synthesis  t 
1
+∞ x T (t) = Π T  
=
x T (t) ∫ X(ω)e dω
jωt
 Tp 
2π −∞
(periodic extension of Π(t/Tp)
Analysis
+∞
+∞

X T (ω) = 2π∑ c n δ(ω − nω0 ) X T (ω) = 2π ∑ c n δ(ω − nω0 )


−∞ n =−∞

1 Tp  T 
cn =
T ∫T
x p (t)e − jnω0 t dt cn =
T
sinc  n p 
 T
cn = Fourier Series coefficient

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