Chebyshev Low Pass Microwave Filter Design using

Open Circuited Stubs at 2 GHz

Phani Kumar TVB1 Ch. Kranthi Kiran2, S.Raja Gopal3
1 2,3
Assistant professor ,ECE Department Assistant professor ,ECE Department
KL University, Greenfileds KL University, Greenfileds
Vaddeswaram, Guntur Dist-533502 Vaddeswaram, Guntur Dist-533502
[email protected] [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract:- In microwave communication systems low pass filter are preferred because it has dispersive effective dielectric
plays major role both at transmitting and receiving end. This constant over a frequency range.
paper presents designing procedure for chebyshev low pass filter
of order five with open circuited stub technique. The proposed
In general, the designing of microwave filters involves two
filter is designed at resonance frequency of 2 GHz and it has a
high attenuation peak of about -36dB at frequency 3.99 GHz. The
main steps. First step is the selection of appropriate low pass
realization of filter has done with microstrip lines and open prototype ie, type of response, number of reactive elements,
circuit stub technique is used which alters the stop band and it has to transfer into to LC elements for desired cut off
characteristics and provides high attenuation peak at particular frequency. Then second step is to find the appropriate
frequency relatively high compared to stepped impedance microstrip realization that approximates the lumped element
technique. The designed LPF is simulated using ADS (Advanced filter. Several microwstrip realizations like stepped
Designed System) software and noted S11 parameter and is impedance, open circuited stubs, and semi lumped filters
fabricated using photolithographic technique. It is tested with having finite frequency attenuation poles are available. This
Agilent Network analyzer and simulated results are agreed with
paper presents the micrwostrip low pass filter implementation
measured results.
using open circuited stubs. The layout of low pass filter is
shown in Figure 1.
Index Terms— Chebyshev filter, S-parameters, Open circuit stub,
Stepped impedance A stepped impedance low pass microstrip filter is a cascaded
I. INTRODUCTION structure of alternating high and low impedance transmission
lines. A high impedance lines acts like a series inductors and
low impedance lines acts like shunt capacitors. But this
A microwave filter is an essential component used in technique would not provide better stop band characteristics.
microwave communication system. It is a two port, loss less, In order to get better stop band characteristics, open circuited
passive device which attenuates the unwanted frequency stubs are used in place of shunt capacitors of stepped
components and passes only wanted frequency components. impedance low pass filter. They form attenuation peak within
But this ideal characteristic cannot attain, and the goal of the stop band at particular frequency. Because at this particular
filter design is to approximate the ideal requirements to within frequency, open circuited stubs is about a quarter guide
an acceptable tolerance. Filters are used in all frequency wavelength and almost short out a transmission.
ranges and are categorized as low pass, high pass, band pass
and band reject filters. In each of these category again divided
into active and passive. In passive type the power gain is
always less than unity while in active type the power gain in
always greater than unity.

Either transfer function approach or attenuation function

approach can be used in passive filter design. At low
frequency filter design transfer function approach is used,
however at microwave frequency (>1GHz) filter design
attenuation function approach is used. This paper describes the
designing of chebyshev low pass filter at 2 GHz frequency of
order five using open circuited stubs and realization of this
filter is done with microstrip lines. Above 1 GHz lumped Fig. 1. Layout diagram of Chebyshev Low pass fitlter of order
elements like inductors, capacitors and resistors are not used five.
to implement filters. Distributed elements like microstrip ,
strip lines are used to implement filters. But microstrip lines
 II. DESIGNING PROCEDURE
The first step of design objectives is achievement of To realize the lumped LC elements, the physical lengths of
chebyshev low pass microstrip filter. To do this, the design high impedance lines and open circuited stubs are initially
specifications are determined [2] as and the physical lengths are L L1 = LL5 =
6.10mm, LC2 = LC4 = 9.97 mm, LL3 =11.288mm.
i. Cut off frequency=2GHz Compensation of unwanted susceptance can be done by done
ii. Dielectric constant= 4.4 below equations which results due to two adjacent high
iii. Height of dielectric constant=1.6 impedance lines,
iv. Source/Load impedance=50Ω

With the above specifications lumped element filter circuit

model is given as below Figure 2. After solving LC=9.97-0.77=9.20. Since open circuited stub
causes radiation and hence by taking the open circuited end
effect[2], the length ∆L should be compensated and is

Where

Fig. 2. . Lumped Element Filter circuit model

Where the normalized element values are given as [1]

G0 = G6 = 1,G1 = G5 =1.1468
G2 = G4 = 1.3712,G3 = 1.9750
Z0 = 50

for the normalized cut off frequency ΩC=1. Using element

transformation [2], the values for elements are

( )(1/2πf )*G =4.563 mH

L1 = L5 = Z0/G0 c 1 The accuracy is better than 0.2% for the range of 0.01 ≤w/h

C = C = (G /Z )(1/2πf )*G =2.183 pF

2 4 0 0 c 2
≤100 and ϵ r ≤ 128, we get ξ1 = 0.5123, ξ2 = 1.1345, ξ3 =
1.089, ξ4 = 1.0197, ξ5 = 1, and Δl= 0.87. The resultant
L = (Z /G )(1/2πf )*G =7.858 mH
physical lengths are LL1 = LL5 = 6.10mm, LC2 = LC4 = 8.33
3 0 0 c 3
mm, LL3 =11.288mm. Below Figure3 shows the final layout
of Low Pass Filter with lengths and widths.
The relevant design parameters of microstrip lines which are
determined using formulas given in [2] are listed in below
Table 1

TABLE I. DESIGN PARAMETERS OF LOW PASS FILTER

S.No. Parameter Matching Inductor Capacitor

Section section section
1. Characteristic 50Ω 143Ω 36Ω
Impedance
2. Effective 3.27 2.599 3.476
Dielectric
Constant Fig. 3. LayOut Diagram with dimenstions
3. Width of 2.9mm 0.1mm 5.0mm
Microstrip III. SIMULATED AND MEASURED RESULTS
Line
4. Guided 82.8mm 93mm 80.4mm The designed Low pass filter is simulated using Advanced
Wavelength Design System Software (ADS). This software is based on
Method of Momentum. The values of lengths and widths are Fig. 5. Simulated results using ADS software
calculated using line calculator and are tabulated in Table 1.
The LPF layout is drawn using Momentum layer. The final After fabrication designed prototype is tested using Network
schematic diagram of LPF using MLIN and MSUB in ADS is Analyzer and is shown in Figure 6. The measured S11
shown in Figure 4. parameter is about -3.85 dB at frequency 2 GHz. Due to SMA
connectors and dielectric losses some power will reflect back
And it has high attenuation peak about -36 dB at 3 GHz
MSub
frequency which is about -10 dB in case of stepped impedance
MSUB
MSub1
low pass filter. Open circuited stubs instead of low impedance
H=1.6 mm
S-PARAMETERS
lines causes this high attenuation pole which results improved
Er=4.4
Mur=1
S_Param
stop band characteristics.
Cond=5.2E+7
Hu=1.0e+036 um SP1
T=0 um Start=0 GHz
Stop=10 GHz
TanD=0.02
Rough=0 um Step=0.01 MHz

MLOC MLOC
TL4 TL5
Subst="MSub1" Subst="MSub1"
W=5 mm W=5 mm
L=8.29 mm L=8.29 mm

Term Term
Term1 MLIN MLIN MLIN MLIN MLIN Term2
Num=1 TL6 TL1 TL2 TL3 TL7 Num=2
Z=50 Ohm Subst="MSub1" Subst="MSub1" Subst="MSub1" Subst="MSub1" Subst="MSub1" Z=50 Ohm
W=2.9 mm W=0.1 mm W=0.1 mm W=0.1 mm W=2.9 mm
L=20.7 mm L=6.1 mm L=11.28 mm L=6.1 mm L=20.7 mm

Fig.4. Schematic diagram of LPF in ADS

The performance of filter can be understood by measuring S

parameter. After simulation the S11 parameter value is noted
Fig 6. Measurement of S parameter using Network Analyzer
and is shown in Figure 5 which is about -1.49 dB at 2 GHz
and -3dB is almost at 2.19 GHz frequency. The desired
specification is achieved and is fabricated using
Photolithographic technique. In this technique transformation CONCLUSIONS
of geometric shapes on a mask of the surface of FR4 can be
done as first step. And the next steps are wafer cleaning, This article presents design of chebyshev low pass filter with
barrier layer formation, photo resist applications, soft banking, cut off frequency 2 GHz of order five using open circuited
mask alignment, exposure and development and hard banking. stubs which provides better stop band characteristics by
inserting high attenuation pole within the stop band. It gives a
high attenuation of -36.6 dB at frequency of 3 GHz which is
relatively very high compared with stepped impedance low
pass filter. Using common printed circuit board it is
inexpensively fabricated and its design procedure is very
simple. It has a very small compact size. Moreover, any
microwave low pass filter using open circuited stubs, with
improved stop band characteristics can be designed using this
procedure.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The author would like to thank ECE dept, Osmania University,
Hyderabad for providing testing and development facility for
this work and special thanks to principal, HOD of ECE, KL
University, Vaddeswaram for their support and
encouragement.
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